ÿWPCª …# VU:a %› 0@¡ 0„á 0De w@© 4é ý  0J 0T^ 0^² 0h x 0rx 0|ê 0†f 0ì 1u| 0dñ BUU6rB)¨DCÑ AM D3aU*”0¾ 0@îU>.žlª v~´vÓ2 AOÆT 0D D/^ B˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 <Ô6X9`+"Courier 10cpiX(ù$¡¡Ó  ÓÓ  Ó(4(3DX$¤¤Ý ƒù!ÝÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó PDUÓ€DDÓ€©U!3|x(2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d''''7Border 1dd€-(Cþÿ << Gÿÿ'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(Arial &Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€+ÔÔ€+ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€+XÔÌÌò òOctober€22,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€+ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman ”Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòThe€plaintiff€had€several€physical€ailments€prior€to€the€accident,€includingÏdiabetes,€a€ruptured€disc€which€required€surgery,€a€blood€clot€in€his€leg,€a€handÏinjury€and€spondylytic€disease€in€his€spinal€cord.Ô€.ÔóóÌ  Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòMr.€Cross€suffered€a€heart€attack€on€August€18,€1995,€for€which€he€filed€aÏworkersðð€compensation€claim.€€Mr.€Cross€does€not€claim€that€his€heart€attack€wasÏconnected€to€the€accident€which€is€the€subject€of€this€appeal.óóÌÔ€.ÔPtPtHPð€ÿÜÿìô”(üHPð€P € €'Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Geneva ÒÒ  BA Op Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€&ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ ¸ ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€7 XXdÈdÈ7ÑÙ€€ÙßL€),(;+'h|` Å `€€Lßà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALSÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌWILLIAM€R.€CROSS€and€wife,€€€€€€)à àHAMBLEN€CICUITÌLYNDA€J.€CROSS,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àC.A.€NO.€O3A01„9606„CV„00211Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€Plaintiffs„Appellants€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìvs.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àHON.€WILLIAM€L.€JENKINSÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àJUDGEÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌCITY€OF€MORRISTOWN,€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àMODIFIED€AND€REMANDEDÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€Defendant„Appellant€€€)ÌÌÌÌÌC.€EDWARD€DANIEL,€Knoxville,€for€plaintiffs„appellants.ÌÌÌROBERT€W.€WILLINGHAM€and€PAMELA€L.€REEVES,€Watson,€Hollow€&€Reeves,ÏKnoxville,€for€defendant„appellee.ÌÌÌÌÌÌÓÓà@ àòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÌÌà€ àMcMurray,€J.ÌÌ›à àThe€sole€issue€presented€on€this€appeal€œis€whether€the€trial€courtÏerred€in€his€award€of€damages€to€the€plaintiff,€William€R.€Cross.›€œTheÏplaintiff€contends€that€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence€requires€anÏincrease€in€the€amount€of€damages€award‚ed.€€Upon€consideration€of€theÏrecord,€we€agree€that€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence€requires€a€greaterÏaward€of€damages.€€Accordingly,€we€modify€the€judgment€of€the€trial€courtÏto€reflect€an€increase€in€damages.ÌÌà àThe€plaintiff,€William€J.€Cross,€was€injured€in€a€motor€vehicleÏaccident€on€November€21,€1994,€when€his›€truck€was€struck€by€a€police€carÏowned€by€the€œdefendant,›€City€of€Morristown€and€driven€by€Morristown€PoliceÏœOfficer,›€Tony€Richardson.€€Officer€Richardson€was€on€duty€at€the€time€ofÏthe€œaccident.ÌÌà àImmediately€after€the€accident,€Mr.›€Cross€was€transported€to€LakewayÏHospital€in€Hamblen€œCounty.€€He€was€admitted€to€the€hospital€but›€wasÏreleased€the€following€day.€€He€then€came€under€the€care€of€his€personalÍphysician,€Dr.€Kenneth€œAllen.€€Dr.€Allen€referred›€him€to€Dr.€Albert€L.ÏMeric,€III,€a€neurosurgeon.€€Dr.€Meric€ordered€several€tests,€and€recom…mended€that€œthe›€œplaintiff€seek›€physical€therapy.œ× ƒ/ ××  ×›€€The€œPlaintiff's›€medicalÏbills€for€the€accident,€including€physical€œtherapy,€totaled€approximately›Ïœ$16,000.ÌÌà àDr.›€Meric€released€the€œplaintiff›€to€return€to€light€work€on€FebruaryÏ1,€1995.€€œPlaintiff's›€œemployer,€however,›€had€no€light€work€available€untilÏJune€1995,€œat€which€time€the€plaintiff›€began€work€as€a€security€guard.× ƒ0 ××  ×ÌÌà àMr.€Cross€filed€suit€on€May€19,€1995€against€the€City€of€Morristown,ÏOfficer€Richardson€and€the€Morristown€Police€Department,€alleging€thatÏOfficer€Richardson€was€acting€within€the€scope€of€his€employment€at€theÏtime€of€the€accident,€and€that€he€was€negligent€in€the€operation€of€hisÏvehicle.ÌÌà àOfficer€Richardson€was€dismissed€from€the€case€on€August€14,€1995.€ÏAt€trial,€the€City€of€Morristown€stipulated€œliability›€and€the€case€wasÏtried€œon€the€issue€of›€damages€œonly.›€€The€trial€court,€sitting€without€aÏjury,€awarded€the€œplaintiff,€William€J.€Cross,›€damages€of€$48,000,€œandÏ$5,000›€to€the€Plaintiffððs€wife,€Lynda€J.€Cross,€for€loss€of€consortium.€ÏThe€amount€of€the€award€to€Mrs.€Cross€is€not€œan›€issue€on€appeal.ÌÌà àOur€standard€of€review€is€òòde€novoóó€upon€the€record,€with€a€presump…tion€of€correctness€of€the€findings€of€fact€by€the€trial€court.€€UnlessÏthe€evidence€otherwise€preponderates€against€the€findings,€we€must€affirm,Ïabsent€an€error€of€law.€€See€Rule€13(d),€Tennessee€Rules€of€AppellateÏœProcedure.›€œIf€the€plaintiff€is€entitled€to€a€judgment,€appellate€courtsÏhave€a€duty€to€render€judgments€which€the€lower€court€should€have€ren…dered.€òòSeeóó€òòe.góó.,€òòToomey€v.€Atyoeóó,€et€al,€32€S.W.€254€(Tenn.€1895),€andÏòòPerry€v.€Carteróó,€219€S.W.2d€905€(Tenn.€1949).€€òòSee€alsoóó€Rule€36(a),ÏTennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure.ÌÌà àAt€trial,€the€plaintiff›€presented€testimony€of€several€witnesses,Ïincluding€himself,€his€wife,€his€treating€physician,€a€vocational€rehabil…itation€expert,€and€an€economist.€€The€œdefendant›€presented€no€œwitnessesÏbut€chose€to€rely›€on€cross€examination€of€the€œPlaintiff's›€witnesses.ÌÌà àThe€œplaintiff's›€neurosurgeon,€Dr.€Meric,€testified€that€the€œplain…tiff›€presented€to€him€with€complaints€of€neck€œpain,›€hand€numbness€andÏweakness€following€the€accident.€€He€examined€the€œplaintiff›€and€ordered€anÏMRI,€an€EMG,€a€CT€scan,€a€myelogram€and€nerve€conduction€tests.€€Dr.ÏMeric,€who€described€his€treatment€of€the€œplaintiff›€as€conservative,Ïtestified€that€the€œplaintiff's›€symptoms€were€a€result€of€the€accident,€andÏthat€he€had€sustained€a€permanent€œinjury.›€€The€œplaintiff›€testified€that€heÏcontinues€to€have€pain€in€his€arms,€hands€and€shoulders,€and€a€loss€ofÏmotion€in€his€neck.ÌÌà àThe€œplaintiff›€also€presented€testimony€of€Dr.€John€Moore,€an€econo…mist,€and€Dr.€Norman€Hankins,€a€vocational€rehabilitation€expert.€€Dr.ÏHankins€testified€that€due€to€the€injuries€sustained€in€the€accident,€theÏœplaintiff›€would€be€eliminated€from€between€47%€and€52%€of€the€jobs€that€heÏwould€otherwise€be€qualified€for.€€Dr.€Moore€testified€that€he€conferredÏwith€Dr.€Hankins,€and€that€after€the€accident,€the€œplaintiff›€had€a€residu…al€earning€capacity€of€approximately€$11,000.€€Dr.€œMoore's›€œcalculation€was›Íbased€upon€Mr.€œCross'›€life€expectancy,€his€work€life€expectancy,€his€pastÏearnings,€and€any€potential€Social€Security€benefits.€€Dr.€Moore€madeÏallowances€for€potential€future€wage€increases,€and€factored€in€a€discountÏamount€to€arrive€at€a€present€value.€€As€a€result,€he€testified€that€Mr.ÏœCross'›€economic€losses€were€$258,101.00.ÌÌà àAs€we€stated€earlier,€the€œdefendant›€presented€no€proof,€but€didÏcross€examine€the€witnesses€presented€by€the€œplaintiff.›€€The€œdefendant›Ïargues€that€œlittle,›€if€œany,›€weight€should€be€given€to€the€œtestimony€of€theÏeconomist,›€Dr.€œMoore.›€€œThe€defendant›€argues€that€Dr.€œMoore's›€figure€wasÏbased€upon€assumptions,€speculation€and€statistics,€rather€than€first„handÏœknowledge.›€We€respectfully€disagree€with€the€œdefendant's›€position.€€œThe›Ïfact€that€Dr.€Moore€had€never€personally€met€with€Mr.€Cross€is€of€littleÏœsignificance.›€œ€òòSeeóó€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence,€Rule€703.€€The€significantÏquestion€is€whether›€œDr.€Moore›€œbased›€his€œopinion€on€information€made€knownÏto€him€either€before€or€at€the€hearing.€€As€has€been€shown,€in€addition€toÏconferring€with€Dr.€Hankins,€Dr.€Moore€also€considered€Mr.€Cross'€lifeÏexpectancy,€his€work€life€expectancy,€his€past€earnings,€and€any€potentialÏSocial€Security€benefits.€€Defendant€also€argues€that€Dr.€Moore's›€methodÏof€calculating€the€œplaintiffððs›€average€wage€was€œflawed›€because€he€œused›€Mr.ÍœCross'›€W„2€forms€œonly€for€the€years€1993›€and€1994,€even€though€the€œW„2Ïform›€œfor›€1992€was€available.€€Defendant€contends€that€had€Dr.€MooreÏfactored€in€the€1992€form,€he€would€have€œarrived€at›€a€significantly€lowerÏaverage€wage,€and€consequently€a€lower€œfigure€for€economic€loss.€›€œThe›Ïœplaintiff›€testified€that€he€was€œoff€from›€work€in€1992€for€13€weeks€due€toÏback€œsurgery.€›€œDr.›€Moore€testified€that€he€did€not€use€the€1992€W„2Ïbecause€he€felt€the€figures€from€1993€and€1994€represented€the€appropriateÏmeasure€of€the€œPlaintiff's›€earning€capacity.€€Since€the€œdefendant›€present…ed€no€œproof€and€did€not€demonstrate€that›€using€the€1992€œW„2›€would€haveÏprovided€a€more€accurate€measure€of€damages,€œwe€do€not€accept€the€defen…dant's€argument€in€this€respect.ÌÌà àThe€defendant›€also€argues€that€the€œplaintiff's›€credibility€wasÏundermined€œon€cross›€examination.€€Defendant€first€argues€that€œthe€plain…tiff€chose€to›€be€unemployed€immediately€after€he€was€released€œto€go€to›Ïœwork›€because€he€waited€until€his€previous€employer€had€light€duty€workÏavailable€œrather€than›€seeking€a€different€employer.€€While€an€injuredÏparty€does€have€a€duty€to€mitigate€his€damages,€we€do€not€believe€thatÏseeking€employment€from€the€employer€œfor›€whom€the€plaintiff€œworked›€at€theÏtime€of€the€accident€was€a€violation€of€that€duty.€€Rather,€we€believeÍthat€it€was€reasonable€and€natural€to€look€to€œhis›€employer€for€a€lightÏduty€position€before€attempting€to€find€work€elsewhere.€€Ìà àÌà àDefendant€finally€argues€that€the€œplaintiff›€was€able€to€return€toÏwork€at€a€higher€paying€job€than€he€had€prior€to€the€œaccident.›€€œWe›€findÏthis€argument€unpersuasive.€€Plaintiff€returned€to€work€as€a€securityÏguard.€€Although€the€œplaintiff›€had€extensive€experience€in€electronicsÏ(including€some€supervisory€experience),€most€of€his€prior€œwork›€involvedÏfactory€work€on€an€assembly€line.€€Plaintiff€testified€that€as€a€result€ofÏthe€œaccident›€he€was€restricted€from€twisting,€turning,€stooping,€repeti…tive€use€of€his€hands,€and€lifting€more€than€œfifteen€(15)›€pounds.€€All€ofÏthese€activities€are€of€the€type€he€had€previously€done€in€electronicÏmanufacturing.€€Thus,€because€of€the€accident€the€œplaintiff›€was€preventedÏfor€the€most€part€from€working€in€œthe€areas€of€his€experience.›€œDefendant›Ïargues€that€œplaintiff›€actually€earned€more€money€when€he€returned€to€workÏas€a€security€guard.€€However,€the€proof€œshows›€that€the€œplaintiff›€wasÏearning€$10.65€per€hour€before€the€accident,€but€œonly›€$7.25€an€hour€as€aÏsecurity€guard.€€The€fact€that€he€earned€more€money€after€returning€toÏwork€can€be€attributed€œto›€œlonger€work›€hours€in€his€new€job.€€The€recordÏalso€shows€that€the€position€as€a€security€guard€was€not€a€permanent€one.€€ÌœÌà àWe€find€that€the€cross€examination€of€the€various€witnesses€by€theÏdefendant€did€not€susbstantially€or€materially€affect€the€credibility€ofÏany€of€the€witnesses.€€Since€we€find€no€issue€relating€to€credibility,€weÏare€of€the€opinion€that€this€is€a€proper€case€to€be€considered€pursuant€toÏthe€provisions€of€Rule€36,€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure.Ì›Ìà àAs€to€the€award€of€damages,€we€find€œthat€the›€trial€œcourt's›€judgmentÏof€$48,000€œis›€inadequate.€€We€think€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence,€asÏœoutlined›€above,€supports€œa›€œsubstantially€larger›€award.€€œAlthough›€theÏœplaintiff›€presented€proof€that€his€economic€loss€was€$258,101.00,€the€òòadÏdamnumóó€clause€of€the€œcomplaint›€œseeks€only›€œ$100,000.€€A€judgment›€œthat›Ïexceeds€the€òòad€damnumóó€œclause€€is€invalid.›€œ€òòSee›óó€T.R.C.P.€œ15.02;›€òòMullins€v.ÏGreenwoodóó,€6€Tenn.€App.€327€œ(1927);€and›€òòGaylor€v.€Milleróó,€166€Tenn.€45,€59ÏS.W.2d€502€œ(1933).€€Accordingly,€we€are€limited€by€the€òòad€damnumóó€clause€inÏrendering€a€judgment€for€damages.›ÌÌà àFor€the€reasons€stated€above,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€isÏmodified€to€increase€œthe€amount›€œof€damages€to€the›€œplaintiff,›€WilliamÏCross,€to€œ$100,000.00,€the€amount€of€the€òòad€damnumóó,€which€we€find€to€be€inÍaccord€with€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence.€€Costs›€are€taxed€to€theÏœappellee,›€and€the€cause€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€œentry€of€aÏjudgment€consistent€with€this€opinion.€€Costs€are€taxed€to€the€appellee.ÌÓÓÌÌÌà€ à______________________________Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Don€T.€McMurray,€J.ÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌ___________________________________ÌHouston€M.€Goddard,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌHerschel€P.€Franks,€J.ÌÌÇÑ  ÑÑ7€¬XXdÈXXdÈ7Ñà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALSÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌWILLIAM€R.€CROSS€and€wife,€€€€€€)à àHAMBLEN€CICUITÌLYNDA€J.€CROSS,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àC.A.€NO.€O3A01„9606„CV„00211Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€Plaintiffs„Appellants€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìvs.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àHON.€WILLIAM€L.€JENKINSÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àJUDGEÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌCITY€OF€MORRISTOWN,€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àMODIFIED€AND€REMANDEDÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€Defendant„Appellant€€€)ÌÌÌ€Ìà@ àò òòòORDERóóó óÌÌÌÓÓà àThis€appeal€came€on€to€be€heard€upon€the€record€from€the€CircuitÏCourt€of€Hamblen€County,€briefs€and€argument€of€counsel.€€Upon€consider…ation€thereof,€this€Court€is€of€the€opinion€that€there€was€no€reversibleÏerror€in€the€trial€court,€however,€the€pre‚ponderance€of€the€evidenceÏrequies€a€modification€of€the€judgment.€€à àThe€judgment€of€the€trialÍcourt€is€modified€to€increase€the€amount€of€damages€awarded€to€the€plain…tiff,€William€Cross,€to€$100,000.00.€Costs€are€taxed€to€the€appellee,€andÏthe€cause€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€entry€of€a€judgment€consis…tent€with€this€opinion.€€Costs€are€taxed€to€the€appellee.ÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€PER€CURIAMÌ