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À/ D0 1 (4(3DX$¤¤Ý ƒù!ÝÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Courier New …Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòThis€defendant's€name€is€misspelled€"Vestula›"€in€the€complaint.€€TheÏcorrect€spelling€is€"Vsetula."€€The€other€named€defendant,€Mike€Swee,€wasÏapparently€never€served€with€process€and€is€not€a€party€to€this€appeal.óóÌ 8Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòPlaintiff's€husband,€Frank€Davis,€has€a€derivative€claim€for€€"depriv[ation›]€of€his€wife's€services€and€her€acts€of€love€and€affection."óóÌ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòThe€judgment€was€made€final€as€to€Modine€in€accordance€with€Rule€54.02,ÏTennessee€Rules€of€Civil€Procedure.óóÌ “Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ ôÔMike€Swee€accompanied€Vsetula€up€to€the€rooms.€€The€plaintiff€testifiedÏthat€she€heard€Vsetula€talking€to€someone€else,€but€that€she€neither€heard€norÏsaw€the€other€person€from€inside€her€room.Ô€ XÔÌ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ ôÔWebster's€Third€New€International€Dictionary€(1993).Ô€ XÔÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ ¸ ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›Ñ7€YýXXdÖdÈ7ÑÞ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALSÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓ` è` ˜XÓTERESA€DAVIS€and€husband€€€€€€)à àANDERSON€CHANCERYÌÓ ` °œXÓFRANK€DAVIS,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àC.A.€NO.€03A01„9705„CH„00170Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€œPlaintiffs„Appellants›€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìvs.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àHON.€WILLIAM€E.€LANTRIPÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àCHANCELLORÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌMODINE€MANUFACTURING€CO.,€€€€€)à àAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌCHRISTOPHER€œVESTULA›€and€MIKE€€)ÌœSWEE›,à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ì€€€€€œDefendants„Appellees€›€€€€)ÌÌÌÌÌDAVID€A.€STUART,€Stuart€&€Van€Riper,€Clinton,€for€Appellants.ÌÌÌRALPH€A.€MORRIS€and€WENDY€L.€œNUTT›,€œBrittain›,€œSledz›,€Morris€&ÏSlovak,€Chicago,€and€EDWARD€G.€PHILLIPS,€Kramer,€Rayson,€Leake,ÏRodgers€&€Morgan,€Knoxville,€for€Appellee€Modine€Manufacturing€Co.ÌÌÇÓÓà@ àòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÌÌà€ àMcMurray,€J.ÌÌà àPlaintiff,€Teresa€Davis,€brought€this€sexual€harassmentÏaction€against€Modine€Manufacturing€Co.€and€its€employee,€ChrisÏVsetula,× ƒ! ××  ×€alleging€unlawful€sexual€discrimination€in€violation€ofÏthe€Tennessee€Human€Rights€Act,€T.C.A.€4„21„101€et€seq.× ƒ" ××  ×€€ModineÏmoved€for€summary€judgment€upon€all€claims.€€The€Motion€was€grant…ed.€Vsetula€did€not€move€for€summary€judgment€and€is€not€involvedÏin€this€appeal.× ƒ# ××  ×€€The€issue€presented€is€whether€the€chancellorÏerred€in€granting€Modine€summary€judgment.€€We€affirm€the€judgmentÏof€the€chancellor.ÌÌà àIn€early€1995,€the€plaintiff,€a€Modine€employee€of€approxi…mately€16€years,€successfully€bid€on€a€transfer€to€a€different€jobÏposition€within€Modine.€€As€part€of€her€training€for€the€newÏposition,€Modine€sent€the€plaintiff,€along€with€five€other€employ…ees€including€defendant€Vsetula,€to€its€McHenry,€Illinois,€plantÏfor€a€training€mission.€€Ìà àPlaintiff€was€an€hourly€employee€at€Modine's€plant€inÏClinton,€Tennessee.€€Vsetula€was€a€salaried€engineer€who€wasÏresponsible€for€the€transfer€of€a€new€product€manufacturing€lineÏfrom€the€McHenry€plant€to€the€Clinton€plant.€€The€party€alsoÏincluded€one€other€salaried€employee.€€While€in€McHenry,€theÏemployees€stayed€at€a€local€hotel€at€Modine's€expense.ÌÌà àDuring€the€day,€the€employees€were€involved€in€training€onÏnew€equipment€and€manufacturing€processes€used€at€the€McHenryÏplant€which€were€going€to€be€implemented€at€the€Clinton€plant.€€OnÏMonday€night,€the€first€night€of€the€trip,€the€Clinton€employeesÏate€dinner€together.€€They€used€a€rental€van€provided€by€ModineÏfor€transportation.€€On€Tuesday€night,€they€split€up€and€ate€atÏtwo€different€restaurants.ÌÌà àThe€events€which€led€to€this€lawsuit€took€place€on€WednesdayÏnight,€April€5,€1995.€€That€evening,€the€plaintiff€and€three€otherÏClinton€employees€traveled€to€a€riverboat€casino.€€Vsetula€spentÏthe€evening€in€the€hotel€lounge€with€an€employee€from€the€McHenryÏplant,€Mike€Swee.€€The€employees€returned€from€the€casino€atÏaround€10:30€PM,€and€the€plaintiff€retired€to€her€hotel€room.€ÏAfter€calling€her€husband,€she€went€to€bed€around€midnight.€€ÌÌà àShe€was€awakened€shortly€thereafter€by€a€loud€pounding€at€herÏdoor.€€She€heard€a€voice€which€she€recognized€as€Vsetula's,€yell…ing€for€her€to€let€them€in.× ƒ$ ××  ×€€Plaintiff€testified€Vsetula€yelledÏthat€if€she€did€not€let€them€in,€they€would€break€the€door€down.€ÏShe€also€stated€that€he€said€"I€want€to€see€you€in€your€nightie."€ÏShe€looked€through€the€peephole€and€saw€Vsetula€holding€his€handsÏto€his€head€if€they€were€horns,€bellowing€animal€noises€and€charg…ing€at€the€door.€€He€was€obviously€intoxicated,€and€plaintiffÏtestified€that€she€was€terrified€that€he€would€break€the€door€downÍand€attack€her.€€Plaintiff€stated€that€the€incident€lasted€two€orÏthree€minutes,€and€then€Vsetula€went€away.ÌÌà àVsetula€testified€that€he€spent€the€evening€drinking€in€theÏhotel€lounge€with€Swee,€and€watched€the€Chicago€Bulls€basketballÏgame€on€television.€€He€stated€that€between€them,€they€probablyÏdrank€three€or€four€pitchers€of€beer€and€a€couple€of€shots€ofÏschnapps.€€Around€midnight,€they€decided€to€go€up€to€the€employ…ees'€rooms€to€see€how€they€had€done€gambling.€€The€first€door€theyÏreached€after€getting€off€the€elevator€was€the€plaintiff's.€€ÌÌà àVsetula€stated€that€he€knocked€on€the€door€and€asked€theÏplaintiff€to€open€the€door€and€talk€to€him€about€how€she€had€doneÏgambling.€€The€plaintiff€told€him€to€go€away€and€he€proceeded€toÏknock€on€the€next€hotel€door,€that€of€Richard€Hawkins,€anotherÏModine€employee.€€Hawkins€did€not€open€his€door€either,€so€theyÏreturned€to€the€hotel€lounge.€€Vsetula€denied€saying€anythingÏabout€the€plaintiff's€nightie€and€charging€the€door€like€a€bull,Ïthough€he€did€admit€he€was€being€loud€and€boisterous.€€à àÌÌà àAfter€Vsetula€left€her€door,€plaintiff€called€Hawkins€andÏstated€that€he€had€just€come€beating€on€her€door€and€that€she€wasÏvery€scared.€€She€stated€that€Hawkins€responded€by€saying€he€knew,Ïand€that€Vsetula€was€pounding€on€his€door€as€they€were€speaking.€ÏAfter€talking€to€Hawkins,€plaintiff€called€her€husband€and€toldÏhim€what€happened.€€Mr.€Davis€insisted€that€she€return€home€on€theÏnext€available€flight.€€After€talking€to€his€wife,€Mr.€DavisÏcalled€several€Modine€officers,€told€them€what€had€happened€andÏdemanded€that€they€send€her€home€immediately.ÌÌà àThe€plaintiff,€afraid€to€stay€in€her€room€alone,€spent€theÏremainder€of€the€night€in€a€female€co„employee's€room.€€The€nextÏmorning,€Modine€made€arrangements€for€her€to€fly€back€to€Clinton,Ïaccompanied€by€Richard€Hawkins,€thus€leaving€the€training€missionÏseveral€days€early.€€ÌÌà à€Modine€initiated€an€investigation€of€the€incident€upon€theÏplaintiff's€arrival€back€in€Clinton.€€Plaintiff€was€met€at€theÏairport€by€the€Clinton€plant€superintendent,€the€engineeringÏmanager€who€was€Vsetula's€supervisor,€and€the€plant€human€resourc…es€manager.€Statements€of€all€the€employees€who€traveled€on€theÏtraining€mission€were€taken.€€Mr.€and€Mrs.€Davis€met€with€theÏplant€officials€the€afternoon€of€plaintiff's€arrival.€€At€thatÏmeeting,€Mr.€Davis€demanded€that€his€wife€be€given€a€week€off€withÏpay,€and€the€plant€officials€complied.€ÌÌà àThe€plaintiff€testified€that€she€continued€to€be€upset€andÏnervous€about€the€incident,€and€could€not€get€it€off€her€mind.€ÏShe€eventually€sought€psychological€counseling€from€Dr.€DeborahÏDennis,€a€licensed€clinical€psychologist.€€Dr.€Dennis€diagnosedÏthe€plaintiff€as€suffering€from€post„traumatic€stress€disorder€andÏa€depressive€disorder,€in€addition€to€agoraphobia€("abnormal€fearÏof€crossing€or€of€being€in€the€midst€of€open€or€public€places")× ƒ% ××  ×Ïand€claustrophobia€("abnormal€dread€of€being€in€closed€or€narrowÏplaces")€which€she€opined€was€caused€by€the€incident.€€Dr.€DennisÏrecommended€that€the€plaintiff€be€put€on€a€medical€leave€of€ab…sence€from€work.ÌÌà àIt€appears€that€after€the€plaintiff's€week€off€with€pay,€sheÏtook€some€vacation€time.€€She€came€back€to€work€on€Monday,€May€1,Ï1995€and€worked€a€half€day€on€May€2.€€From€May€2,€1995,€the€dateÏof€Dr.€Dennis'€letter€recommending€a€medical€leave,€until€July€31,Ï1995€the€plaintiff€was€placed€on€a€medical€leave€of€absence€fromÏwork.€€On€August€10,€1995,€she€gave€notice€that€she€was€quittingÏher€job€with€Modine€effective€August€11,€1995.€€On€the€notice,€forÏ"specific€reason"€she€wrote€"found€another€job."€€She€testified€inÏher€deposition€that€the€reason€she€left€Modine€was€that€she€foundÏother€employment.ÌÌà àThe€plaintiff€testified€that€when€she€returned€to€work€at€theÏClinton€plant,€several€co„workers€told€her€about€various€rumorsÏregarding€her€and€the€McHenry€trip.€€In€her€affidavit,€plaintiffÏstates:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà àI€learned€that€various€rumors€regarding€what€hadÏhappened€in€McHenry€were€circulating€at€work.€€One€rumorÏwas€that€I€had€been€raped€by€Mr.€Vsetula.€€Another€rumorÏwas€that€I€had€been€caught€in€bed€with€Richard€Hawkins.€ÏAnother€rumor€was€that€I€had€bought€sexy€lingerie€espe…cially€for€the€trip€and€that€I€deserved€what€had€hap…pened€because€I€was€nothing€but€a€flirt.€€Plant€managersÏtold€me€that€they€believed€me€about€what€had€happened€inÏMcHenry,€and€I€asked€my€employer€to€take€steps€to€informÍthe€work€force€of€what€had€happened,€and€to€put€a€stopÏto€the€rumors,€but€my€employer€refused€to€do€so.ÌÌÌÓÓà àOn€June€14,€1995,€before€she€returned€to€work,€plaintiffÏfiled€suit€in€Anderson€County€Chancery€Court,€alleging€sexualÏharassment€and€discrimination€against€Modine€and€Vsetula.€€SheÏalso€alleged€Vsetula€was€guilty€of€outrageous€conduct€and€assault,Ïand€that€Modine€was€vicariously€liable€for€Vsetula's€actions€underÏòòrespondeat€superioróó.€€The€chancellor€found€that€even€assuming€allÏof€€plaintiff's€assertions€to€be€true,€she€failed€to€state€a€causeÏof€action€against€Modine,€and€consequently€granted€the€companyÏsummary€judgment.ÌÌà àWe€now€turn€to€the€question€of€whether€the€chancellor€proper…ly€granted€summary€judgment€under€the€Tennessee€Human€Rights€ActÏ(œTHRA›).€Our€Supreme€Court€has€stated€that€an€analysis€of€a€plain…tiff's€claim€under€the€œTHRA›€is€identical€to€that€under€the€TitleÏVII€of€the€Federal€Civil€Rights€Act.€€òòCampbell€v.€Florida€SteelÏCorp.óó,€919€S.W.2d€26,€31€(Tenn.€1996).€€Therefore,€our€courts€Ïhave€turned€to€federal€Title€VII€cases€for€guidance€in€sexualÏharassment€cases.€€òòSeeóó€òòSpicer€v.€Beaman€Bottling€Co.óó,€937€S.W.2dÍ884,€888€(Tenn.€1996).€€The€òòCampbellóó€court€noted€that€"it€isÏbeyond€dispute€that€both€the€Federal€and€State€acts€apply€toÏclaims€of€discrimination€based€on€the€existence€of€a€hostile€workÏenvironment,"€òòIdóó.,€such€as€the€claim€at€bar.ÌÌà àThe€òòCampbellóó€court€set€forth€the€following€analysis:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà àTo€prevail€on€a€hostile€work€environment€claim€in€aÏsexual€harassment€case,€an€employee€must€assert€andÏprove€that€(1)€the€employee€is€a€member€of€a€protectedÏclass;€(2)€the€employee€was€subjected€to€unwelcomedÏsexual€harassment;€(3)€the€harassment€occurred€becauseÏof€the€employee's€gender;€(4)€the€harassment€affected€aÏ"term,€condition,€or€privilege"€of€employment;€and€(5)Ïthe€employer€knew,€or€should€have€known€of€the€harass…ment€and€failed€to€respond€with€prompt€and€appropriateÏcorrective€action.Ìà àÌœà@ à*€€€€€*€€€€€*›ÌÌà8 à[œc]onduct›€that€is€not€severe€or€pervasive€enough€toÏcreate€an€objectively€hostile€or€abusive€work€environ…mentð"ðan€environment€that€a€reasonable€person€would€findÏhostile€or€abusiveð"ðis€beyond€Title€VII's€purview.ÌÌœà@ à*€€€€€*€€€€€*Ì›Ìà8 àIn€determining€whether€an€environment€is€hostile€orÏabusive,€a€court€must€consider€the€totality€of€theÏcircumstances.€€While€no€single€factor€is€required€orÏconclusive,€considerations€relevant€to€the€determinationÏinclude,€but€are€not€limited€to,€the€frequency€of€theÏdiscriminatory€conduct;€its€severity;€whether€it€isÏphysically€threatening€or€humiliating,€or€a€mere€offen…sive€utterance;€whether€it€unreasonably€interferes€withÏan€employee's€work€performance;€and€the€employee'sÏpsychological€well„being.ÌÌÌÓÓòòCampbellóó,€919€S.W.2d€at€31„32€(citations€omitted).€€ÌÌà àIn€this€case,€the€April€5,€1995,€McHenry€incident€is€the€soleÏoccurrence€of€alleged€harassment€about€which€plaintiff€complains.€ÏUnder€these€circumstances,€accepting€all€of€plaintiffs'€testimonyÏas€true,€we€do€not€think€this€solitary€incident€was€sufficient€toÏcreate€an€objectively€hostile€or€abusive€work€environment.€€WeÏconsider€it€significant€that€during€the€whole€two€to€three€minuteÏincident,€a€locked€hotel€door€remained€between€the€plaintiff€andÏVsetula.€€In€addition,€while€the€employees€were€admittedly€inÏMcHenry€for€a€work€training€mission,€the€incident€occurred€afterÏthe€employees€had€been€off„duty€for€many€hours,€and€away€fromÏcompany€premises.€€ÌÌà àThe€plaintiffs€correctly€point€out€that€a€single€incident,€ifÏsufficiently€severe,€"may€be€actionable€as€sexual€harassmentÏdespite€the€fact€that€the€conduct€was€not€repeated."€€òòMcClellan€v.ÏBoard€of€Regents€of€State€Universityóó,€921€S.W.2d€684,€692€(Tenn.Í1996).€€In€the€òòMcClellanóó€case,€however,€the€defendant's€conductÏwas€significantly€more€severe€than€in€the€present€case.€€ÌÌà àThe€òòMcClellanóó€defendant,€a€university€professor,€entered€aÏroom€notwithstanding€that€he€had€been€told€that€the€plaintiff€wasÏnot€wearing€a€shirt,€forcibly€removed€the€shirt€that€the€plaintiffÏwas€covering€herself€with,€and€made€a€derisive€comment€about€herÏbreasts.€òòIdóó.€at€686.€€€The€òòMcClellanóó€court€specifically€noted€thatÏthe€defendant€was€allegedly€guilty€of€"inappropriate€physicalÏconduct,€including€physical€contact€as€well."€€òòIdóó.€at€692.€€ÌÌà àWhile€we€do€not€suggest€a€hostile€work€environment€claimÏbased€on€sexual€harassment€hinges€on€physical€contact,€we€noteÏthat€in€this€case,€the€defendant€neither€saw€nor€touched€theÏplaintiff,€who€remained€behind€a€locked€door.€€In€summary,€whileÏwe€find€Vsetula's€action€to€be€irresponsible€and€thoughtlessÏconduct€for€which€he€may€ultimately€be€found€personally€liable,€itÏis€insufficient,€standing€alone,€to€create€an€objectively€hostileÏand€abusive€work€environment€for€which€his€employer€is€liable.€€ÌÌà àWe€further€find€that€the€plaintiff€has€failed€to€demonstrateÏthat€Modine€"failed€to€respond€with€prompt€and€appropriate€correc…tive€action."€€Modine€instituted€an€immediate€and€thorough€inves…tigation€of€the€incident€as€soon€as€it€received€notice.€€CompanyÏofficials€interviewed€and€took€statements€from€all€of€the€partiesÏinvolved.€€After€several€meetings€with€Vsetula,€Modine€suspendedÏhim€for€two€weeks,€forcing€him€to€take€his€yearly€vacation€timeÏover€that€period.€€Modine€officials€told€Vsetula€that€€if€such€anÏincident€ever€happened€again€he€would€be€immediately€fired,€andÏthe€notes€regarding€the€incident€were€placed€in€his€permanentÏemployee€personnel€file.€€ÌÌà àIn€addition,€Modine€acceded€to€Mr.€Davis'€demands€that€hisÏwife€be€sent€home€immediately€after€the€incident,€and€that€she€beÏgiven€a€week€off€with€pay.€€The€company€allowed€her€to€take€aÏmedical€leave€of€nearly€three€months.€€On€May€2,€Modine€set€up€aÏmeeting€at€the€plant€where€Vsetula€apologized€to€the€plaintiff€andÏher€husband,€indicating€that€he€did€not€intend€to€harm€or€scareÏher.ÌÌà àThe€plaintiff€complains€about€the€presence€of€rumors€circu…lating€among€her€co„workers€at€the€plant,€and€states€that€theyÏcontributed€to€a€hostile€work€environment.€€She€testified€that€sheÏrequested€company€officials€to€gather€all€her€co„workers€togetherÏin€a€meeting€and€explain€what€happened€at€McHenry,€an€action€sheÏargues€would€have€ended€the€rumors.€€Modine€declined€this€request,Ïstating€that€company€policy€was€to€keep€in€strict€confidentialityÏits€decisions€regarding€discipline€of€its€workers.€€Pursuant€toÏthis€policy,€Modine€officials€did€not€want€to€announce€its€punish…ment€of€Vsetula€to€the€entire€plant.€€ÌÌà àRegarding€an€employer's€duty€to€take€corrective€action,€theÏòòCampbellóó€court€stated:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà àTitle€VII€does€not€impose€strict€liability€forÏhostile€environment€claims.€€Even€if€an€employee€estab…lishes€the€existence€of€a€hostile€work€environment,€theÏplaintiff€will€not€recover€under€Title€VII€unless€theÏproof€demonstrates€that€the€employer€either€knew€orÏshould€have€known€of€the€harassment,€òòandòòóó€óófailed€to€takeÏprompt€and€appropriate€remedial€action.€.€.ÌÌà8 àà àTitle€VII€does€not€precisely€define€"prompt€andÏappropriate€remedial€action;"€however,€in€general,Ïemployers€are€required€to€take€steps€"reasonably€calcu…lated"€to€terminate€the€harassment...€.€€Of€course,€whatÍremedial€action€is€reasonable€and€appropriate€will€varyÏdepending€on€the€circumstances€of€each€case.ÌÌòòCampbellóó,€919€S.W.2d€at€32„33€[emphasis€in€original;€citationsÏomitted].€ÌÓÓÌà àWe€are€of€the€opinion€that,€under€the€circumstances€of€thisÏcase,€a€trier€of€fact€could€only€reasonably€conclude€that€ModineÏtook€prompt€and€appropriate€corrective€action,€reasonably€calcu…lated€to€terminate€the€alleged€harassment.€€The€THRA's€purpose,Ïamong€other€things,€is€"to€prohibit€discrimination€in€employment"Ïand€not€to€restrict€the€employer's€right€to€make€legitimate€busi…ness€decisions.€€òòBruce€v.€Western€Auto€Supply€Co.óó,€€669€S.W.2d€95,Ï97€(Tenn.€App.€1984).€€We€think€Modine's€decision€not€to€call€aÏplant€meeting€to€discuss€what€had€happened€in€McHenry€was€such€aÏreasonable€and€legitimate€business€decision.€€ÌÌà àIn€a€meeting€between€Vsetula,€his€supervisor,€the€plant€humanÏresources€manager€and€the€plant€superintendent,€the€Modine€offi…cers€apparently€attempted€to€make€sure€Vsetula€understood€theÏseriousness€of€his€conduct.€€The€human€resources€manager€madeÏnotes€of€the€meeting€in€the€form€of€an€internal€memorandum€whichÏstated:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà à...€All€the€facts€point€to€one€issue,€harassment€orÏpossibly€sexual€harassment.ÌÌà8 àà àGerald€commented€that€from€Chris['s]€perspectiveÏthis€is€a€much€different€issue€than€from€Teresa['s]Ïperspective.€€This€has€a€much€higher€level€of€importanceÏto€Teresa.€€In€addition,€when€you€are€out€of€the€plantÏrepresenting€Modine,€you€have€to€consider€the€perceptionÏof€your€actions€Vs€what€is€received.€€All€of€your€ac…tions€can€put€Modine€in€jeopardy.ÌÌà8 àà àGerald€add[ed]€that€I€think€you€made€some€badÏjudgment,€going€out€and€getting€drunk€is€not€in€the€bestÏinterest€of€anybody,€particularly€when€you€are€in€aÏsupervisory€roll€[sic].€€We€must€prevent€this€from€everÏhappening€again.€€I'm€not€sure€you€realize€who€[sic]Ïserious€this€could€have€been,€you€and€Modine€both€couldÏhave€been€sued€and€still€could€be€sued.€.€.ÌÌÌÓÓà àPlaintiffs€argue€that€the€above€statements,€particularly€theÏone€referring€to€"a€supervisory€rol[e],"€are€party„opponent€admis…sions€and€raise€a€question€of€fact€as€to€whether€Modine€should€beÏheld€vicariously€liable€for€Vsetula's€actions€that€night.€€It€hasÏlong€been€a€well„established€rule€that€for€an€employer€to€be€heldÏvicariously€liable,€through€the€òòrespondeat€superioróó€doctrine,€€forÏan€employee's€actions,€the€plaintiff€must€prove€that€the€employeeÏwas€acting€within€the€course€and€scope€of€his€employment€when€theÏinjury€occurred.€€òòHamrick€v.€Spring€City€Motor€Co.óó,€708€S.W.2dÍ383,€386€(Tenn.€1986);€òòTennessee€Farmers€Mut.€Ins.€Co.€v.€AmericanÏMut.€Liability€Ins.€Co.óó,€840€S.W.2d€933,€937€(Tenn.€App.€1992).€€ÌÌà àOrdinarily€the€question€of€whether€an€employee€is€actingÏwithin€the€course€and€scope€of€his€employment€is€one€of€fact€forÏthe€jury;€however,€where€the€departure€from€the€employer's€busi…ness€is€of€such€a€"marked€and€decided€character"€that€reasonableÏminds€could€reach€but€one€conclusion€under€the€undisputed€facts,Ïsummary€judgment€is€proper.€€òòCraig€v.€Gentryóó,€792€S.W.2d€77,€80Ï(Tenn.€App.€1990);€òòHome€Stores,€Inc.€v.€Parkeróó,€166€S.W.2d€619,Ï622€(Tenn.€1942);€òòTennessee€Farmersóó,€840€S.W.2d€at€936„7.ÌÌà àIn€this€case,€a€reasonable€person€could€not€conclude€VsetulaÏwas€acting€in€the€course€and€scope€of€his€employment.€The€incidentÏoccurred€past€midnight,€off€company€premises,€and€after€VsetulaÏhad€been€drinking€on€his€own€time€and€money€for€many€hours.€€TheÏplaintiff€recognized€that€"it€was€after€work€time"€and€the€employ…ees€were€free€to€spend€their€time€as€they€chose.€€Modine€cannot€beÏheld€liable€under€a€òòrespondeat€superioròòóó€óótheory€in€this€case.€ÌÌà àThe€plaintiffs€also€complains€of€the€award€of€discretionaryÏcosts€adjudged€against€them.€€They€candidly€recognize,€however,Ïthat€the€award€of€discretionary€costs€is€discretionary€with€theÏtrial€court,€citing€òòLock€v.€National€Union€Fire€œIns›.€Co.óó,€809ÏS.W.2d€483€(Tenn.€1991)€and€òòœOster›,€œDiv›.€of€Sunbeam€Corp.€v.€œYates›óó,Ï845€S.W.2d€215€(Tenn.€1992).€€They€ask€for€relief€only€if€thisÏcase€is€reversed€and€remanded€to€the€trial€court.€€We€find€theÏplaintiffs'€candor€to€be€œcommendable.€€The€plaintiff€statesÏ"plaintiffs€have€included€this€issue€on€appeal€for€the€purpose€ofÏrequesting€this€court€to€reverse€the€award€of€discretionary€costsÏif€it€remands€any€or€all€of€the€plaintiffs'€claims€for€trial."€ÏOur€disposition€of€the€issue€relating€to€the€motion€for€summaryÏjudgment,€therefore,€renders€the€issue€moot.€€ÌÌà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed€in€its€entiretyÏand€the€case€remanded€for€such€further€action€as€may€be€necessary.€ÏCosts€on€appeal€are€assessed€to€the€appellants.€ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à____________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDon€T.€McMurray,€JudgeÌÌ›ÌÌ___________________________________ÌHouston€M.€Goddard,€Presiding€Judge̛̜Ì_________________________________ÌHerschel€P.€Franks,€JudgeÌœÇÑ  ÑÑ  Ñ›œ›Ñ7€9XXdðXXdð7Ñà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALSÌÌÌÌÌÓ` è` ˜XÓTERESA€DAVIS€and€husband€€€€€€)à àANDERSON€CHANCERYÌÓ ` °œXÓFRANK€DAVIS,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àC.A.€NO.€03A01„9705„CH„00170Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€Plaintiffs„Appellees€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìvs.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àHON.€WILLIAM€E.€LANTRIPÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àCHANCELLORÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌMODINE€MANUFACTURING€CO.,€€€€€)à àAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDÌCHRISTOPHER€œVESTULA›€and€MIKE€€)ÌSWEE,à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ì€€€€€Defendants„Appellants€€€€)ÌÌÓ` ܸ ™XÓÌà@ àò òòòJUDGMENTóóó óÌÌÓÓà àThis€appeal€came€on€to€be€heard€upon€the€record€from€theÏChancery€Court€of€Anderson€County,€briefs€and€argument€of€counsel.€ÏUpon€consideration€thereof,€this€Court€is€of€opinion€that€thereÏwas€no€reversible€error€in€the€trial€court.Ìà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed€in€its€entiretyÏand€the€case€remanded€for€such€further€action€as€may€be€necessary.€ÏCosts€on€appeal€are€assessed€to€the€appellants.€ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPER€CURIAMÌ