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SL\  `&Times New RomanS7A(X75+ ` hp x 5  &  d d?)1dxd'dxd<:zTop of For7C(X7    5+ ` hp x 5?M%2A`Arial?  SL\  `&Times New RomanS7A(X75+ ` hp x 5  ?)2dxd0KS.SampleKK<6X9`(Courier NewKSL\  `&Times New RomanS0.Strong 8dl6TypewriterKK<6X9`(Courier NewKSL\  `&Times New RomanS42Variable: 8HTML MarkupB      2 0CommentB   35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.<6X9`(Courier New\  `&Times New Roman%2A`Arial(;3$2#  0  .3  0   Rӳ$USUS., XX      3      _Thecaseworkercalledthatofficeinpreparationfortheterminationproceeding.  Rӳ$USUS., XX      2      _ThistestimonycontradictedthetestimonyoftheDCScaseworkerandtheallegationsinthepetition.  Rӳ$USUS., XX      1      _Atthetriallevel,thecasealsoinvolvedterminationoftheparentalrightsofathirdchildofMother,_D.D.K._Ԁ  Thatchildhadadifferentfather,andissuesregardingterminationofparentalrightsto_D.D.K._Ԁarenotinvolvedinthis t appealbyFather.(YG2ӳ$ !USUS.,   XX      0     9 Rӳ$USUS., XX      6      _ThesummarystatesthatFathersaddressis LouiseAvenue,Clarksville,TN.Thesummaryischeckedto  indicatetheparents/caregivernotified.Thematernalauntappearstohaveattendedthereview.Therecommendedgoal t was relativeplacementduetomotherstotalnoncompliancewithpermanencyplanandpendingcriminalcharges. d N Rӳ$USUS., XX      4      _MothersrightswereterminatedafterthishearingbyorderdatedJuly8,2002.Mothersterminationisnot  atissueinthisappeal. 1 Rӳ$USUS., XX      5      _Meanwhile,onNovember4,2002,DCSpreparedanewpermanencyplanforthechildrenwiththegoalof  adoption. ##2Xd#  Rӳ$USUS., XX      7      _Whilewecustomarilylimitourconsiderationtothoseissuesraisedbytheparties,Tenn.R.App.P.13(b)  permitsustoconsiderotherissuesinordertopreventinjurytothepublicandprejudicetothejudicialprocess.Thiscase t involvesafundamentalrightprotectedbyourConstitutionaswellasstatutoryproceduralrequirementsforinterference 8 withthatright.Thus,itfallswithintheexceptioninRule13(b).XhX   COA P.J.BohnenbergerD.M.M. T.W. G.W. nunc tuncMcCloud NaleSantosky f]ewM.L.B.S.L.J. t]heODanielM.W.A. ToofWiltcherLettnerC.W.W.AcuffOLingerD.D.V.T.M.SrcaregiverC.L.H.A.J.H.LentzTJMSr TJMD.M.MT.J.J.T.J.M.3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)~i) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(-2$ !USUS.,  ($AA<< c(O$ !USUS.,  __XhXXX  HXXh  Z|2@ #XhXHx#I|XXhINTHECOURTOFAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @kk$ATNASHVILLE#XhXI|#HXXhԈ &   AssignedonBriefsDecember4,2003 L #XhXH# HXXhINRE:D.D.K.,D.M.M.,andT.J.M.,JR.#XhXH##  J @@ AppealfromtheJuvenileCourtforMontgomeryCounty  J @@No.64169L.RaymondGrimes,Judge  6 @@*AV) ` dE<` A   @@TTNo.M200301016COAR3PTFiledDecember30,2003 #XhXXXhM#XhXXXh    AV) ` dE<|` A }     Thisappealinvolves#XhXXXh.#apetitionfiledbytheDepartmentofChildrensServicestoterminatethe x  parentalrightsofFathertohistwominorchildren.ThetrialcourtgrantedthepetitionandFather d appealsthedecision.Becausewefindthepetitionwasimproperlygranted,wevacateandremand.XhXXXh P  Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentoftheJuvenileCourt (x VacatedandRemanded  d   PatriciaJ.Cottrell,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichWilliamC.Koch,Jr.,P.J., < M.S.,andFrankG.Clement,Jr.,J.,joined. ( AdrianR.Bohnenberger,Clarksville,Tennessee,fortheappellant,T.J.M.,Sr.  PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneralandReporter;P.RobinDixon,Jr.,AssistantAttorneyGeneral,  fortheappellee,StateofTennessee,DepartmentofChildrensServices. t  OPINION  L      #XhXXXhA#AtissueisthetrialcourtsgrantingthepetitiontoterminatetheparentalrightsofFatherin $"t! regardtohistwo(2)minorchildren,D.M.M.,asonbornOctober7,1989,andT.J.M.,Jr.,asonborn #`" January6,1992.Q #  1       #L# XhXXXh  OnSeptember4,1998,theDepartmentofChildrenServices( DCS)petitionedthe %$!% MontgomeryCountyjuvenilecourtfortemporarycustodyofsixyearoldT.J.M.,Jr.andhisolder &"& brother,nineyearoldD.M.M.Thepetitionallegedthatthechildrensmother,T.W.,wasusingcrack '"' cocaineonaregularbasisandwasnotprovidingadequatecaretothechildren.Thepetition (#( identifiedFatherbynameandstatedhisaddresswasunknown.Byorderenteredthesameday,the )$) Z|2 Z8hXXdd8 Z  _juvenilejudgefoundprobablecausethatthechildrenweredependentandneglectedandplacedthem  inDCScustody.AfterworkingwithMotherforayear,DCSdeterminedthatthechildrenwere   readytoreturnhome,andatrialhomevisitwasattemptedinNovember,1999.However,Mother  subsequentlytestedpositiveforcocaine,andonJanuary4,2000,thechildrenwereagainremoved t fromthehome,placedbrieflyinfostercare,andthenplacedwiththeirmaternalauntG.W. `   Atthetimeoftheremovals,thechildrenwerelivingwithMother.Fatherspentagreatdeal 8  oftimeattheapartment,butdenieshewaslivingthere.Hetestifiedhehaddailyvisitedorchecked $ t onthechildrenduringthetrialperiodwhenthechildrenwerereturnedtotheirmotherscustody.  ` HewasawareDCSremovedthechildren.  L    FathertestifiedhewenttotheDCSofficetwodaysaftertheremoval.Hetestifiedhewas $  notgivenanypaperworktofilloutandwasnottoldtocallorreturntotheDCSoffice.Henever   madeanotherattempttocontactDCSabouthischildren.Healsotestifiedheoncetelephonedthe   maternalauntwithwhomthechildrenwereliving.Hetestifiedshetoldhimhewasnotallowedto   visitthechildrenorcomearoundthem.Hedidnotmakeanyefforttoseeorcontactthechildren   becausehedidnotwanttocauseanytrouble.Hesawthechildrenatafamilyfuneralbutdidnot p visitwiththembecause,hetestified,hedidnotwanttocauseanyproblems. \   Duringthistime,Fatherlivedinashedbehindhisparentshouse.Hismailingaddresswas 4 hisparentshouse,andhereceivedmailthere.HestatedhehadtoldDCShisaddresswhenthe  p childrenwereremoved.ThechildrenscaseworkertestifiedthechildrenknewwhereFatherlived  \ andgavehergeneraldirectionstotheplace.Shealsotestifiedshelookedfortheparentshouseand H founditonce.Shedidnottestifythatshetriedtogoinorthatshetalked,ortriedtotalk,toFather 4 orhisparentsatthattime.     Fathertestifiedhewantedthechildrentolivewithhim,butitwashisunderstandinghecould  notgethischildrenbackbecausehedidnothaveasuitableplaceforthemtolive.Asofthedateof  trial,hestilldidnothavesuitablehousing,buttestifiedheknewthatitwouldbenecessarytohave  asuitableplacetoliveinordertogetthechildren.Healsotestified,however,thatarepresentative l oftheDepartmentofHumanServiceshadtoldhimonlysixmonthsearlierthathewouldhaveto X  establishasuitableresidenceandhehadthenfiledapplicationsforgovernmentsubsidizedhousing D! andwasontwowaitinglists. 0"    Apparently,FatherhadbeenunderapriorordertopaychildsupporttoMother.InJanuary $X" of2001,ayearafterthechildrenwerereturnedtoDCScustody,anewsupportorderwasentered. $D # TheAssistantDistrictAttorneyinchargeofchildsupportenforcementinthecountytestifiedthat %0!$ anorderwasenteredbydefaultbecauseFatherdidnotappearatthehearing.Consequently,child &"% supportwassetusingapresumptivesalaryof$25,761accordingtothechildsupportguidelines. '#&  RegularpaymentshadbeenmademoreorlessweeklysinceJulyof2001byFathersemployer (#' pursuanttoawageassignment.P #  2      #XhXXXh #XhXXXhԀTheamountpaidwaslessthantheamountordered.Fatherwas   employedbytheCityofClarksvilleinitsrecreationdepartment.Nothingintherecordindicates  howlonghehadbeensoemployed.Hewasnotaskedifhisjobwasfulltimeorparttime,ashad  beenindicatedthroughhearsaytestimonyearlierinthetrial,orhowmuchmoneyheearned.The t AssistantD.A.testifiedhisofficewouldhaveprovidedDCSinformationonFathersplaceof ` employmentifDCShadaskedforit.Fathertestifiedhecouldreceivetelephonecallsatwork.DCS L  neverattemptedtocontacthimthereandneveraskedthechildsupportofficeforinformationabout 8  Father.OT #  3       $ t @)II.  L    DCSfiledapetitiontoterminatetheparentalrightsofMotherandFatheronFebruary20, $  2002.ThepetitionallegedFatherhadabandonedthechildrenbynotvisitingandnotpayingsupport   forthefourmonthsimmediatelyprecedingthepetition.Anaffidavitaccompaniedthepetitionin   whichMs.Hall,theDCScaseworker,testifiedregardingherunsuccessfulattemptstolocateMother,   concludingMotherswhereaboutswereunknownandcouldnotbeascertained.Nosuchaffidavit   regardingFatheraccompaniedthepetition.Indeed,Fatherappearedatthehearingonthepetition p heldMay23,2002,andrequestedappointmentofcounsel.ThehearingwascontinuedastoFathers \ parentalrightsandanattorneywasappointedforhim.W #  4      ׀Thehearingonthepetitiontoterminate H FathersrightswasheldOctober17,2002.Theonlyorderintherecordbeforeus,entitledFinal 4 DecreeofGuardianship,thatappearstograntterminationofFathersparentalrightswasentered  p March25,2003,statingitwasenterednuncprotunc,butfailingtostatethedateitshouldhavebeen  \ entered.Theorderbeginswitharecitalthatthematter cameontobeheardOctober17,2002.Y0 #  5      ׀ H TheorderterminatedFathersparentalrightsonthegroundofabandonment,Tenn.CodeAnn.36 4 1113(g)(1),basedonhisfailuretovisit,andafindingthatsuchterminationisinthebestinterests   ofthechildren.     III.  )  Aparenthasafundamentalrighttothecare,custodyandcontrolofhisorherchild.Stanley l v.Illinois,405U.S.645,651,92S.Ct.1208,121213(1972);NashPutnamv.McCloud,921 X  S.W.2d170,17475(Tenn.1996);InReAdoptionofaFemaleChild,896S.W.2d546,547(Tenn. D! 1995);Nalev.Robertson,871S.W.2d674,678(Tenn.1994).Thisrightisafundamentalbutnot 0"  absoluteright,andthestatemayinterferewithparentalrightsifthereisacompellingstateinterest. #l! Santoskyv.Kramer,455U.S.745,747,102S.Ct.1388,1391(1982);NashPutnam,921S.W.2d  at17475.    Terminatingparentalrightshasthelegaleffectofreducingtheparenttotheroleofa t completestranger,#XhXXXh8#Ԁ severingforeveralllegalrightsandobligationsoftheparent.Tenn.CodeAnn. ` 361113(l)(1).TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourthasrecognizedtheuniquenatureofproceedings L  toterminateparentalrights,statingthat [f]ewconsequencesofjudicialactionaresograveasthe 8  severanceofnaturalfamilyties. XhXXXhM.L.B.v.S.L.J.,519U.S.102,119,117S.Ct.555,565(1996)#XhXX Xh/#XhXXXh $ t (quotingSantosky,455U.S.at787,102S.Ct.at1412(Rehnquist,J.,dissenting)).Asaresult, [t]he  ` interestofparentsintheirrelationshipwiththeirchildrenissufficientlyfundamentaltocomewithin  L  thefiniteclassoflibertyinterestsprotectedbytheFourteenthAmendment.Id.Theconstitutional  8  protectionsoftheparentchildrelationshiprequirecertainsafeguardsbeforetherelationshipcanbe $  severed.ODanielv.Messier,905S.W.2d182,186(Tenn.Ct.App.1995).Thismostdrastic   interferencewithaparentsrightsrequires#XhXXXh/#XhXXXh theopportunityforanindividualizeddeterminationthat   aparentiseitherunfitorwillcausesubstantialharmtohisorherchildbeforethefundamentalright   tothecareandcustodyofthechildcanbetakenaway.InreSwanson,2S.W.3d180,188(Tenn.   1999). p #XhXXXh2#XhXXXh  Ourlegislaturehasestablishedthosesituationsinwhichthestatesinterestinthewelfareof H achildjustifiesinterferencewithaparentsconstitutionalrightsbysettingforthgroundsonwhich 4 terminationproceedingscanbebrought,Tenn.CodeAnn.361113(g),andparentalrightsmay  p beterminatedonlyinthosestatutorilydefinedcircumstances.InreM.W.A.,980S.W.2d620,622  \ (Tenn.Ct.App.1998).#XhXXXhl4#XhXXXhBecausethedecisiontoterminateparentalrightsaffectsfundamental H constitutionalrights,courtsmustapplyahigherstandardofproofwhenadjudicatingtermination 4 cases.#XhXXXh6#XhXXXhSantosky,455U.S.at769,102S.Ct.at1403;#XhXXXh7#XhXXXhԀInreM.W.A.,980S.W.2dat622;ODaniel,   905S.W.2dat186.Tojustifytheterminationofparentalrights,thegroundsforterminationmust   beestablishedbyclearandconvincingevidence.Tenn.Code.Ann.36-1-113(c)(1);Inre  Valentine,79S.W.3d539,546(Tenn.2002). Thisheightenedstandard...servestopreventthe  unwarrantedterminationorinterferencewiththebiologicalparentsrightstotheirchildren.Inre  M.W.A.,980S.W.2dat622. l #XhXXXhP8#XhXXXh#XhXXXh;#  XhXXXhTheexistenceofanyonestatutorygroundwillsupportterminationofanindividualsparental D! rights.InreC.W.W.,37S.W.3dat473.Inaddition,ifacourt,applyingtheappropriateevidentiary 0"  standard,determinesthatoneofthegroundsexists,thecourtmustalsofind,usingtheclearand #l! convincingevidencestandard,thatterminationisinthechildsbestinterest.Tenn.CodeAnn.36 $X" 1113(c)(2).However,abestinterestsanalysisisnotwarrantedunlessgroundshavebeenproved.#XhXXXhU;#XhXXXh $D # #XhXXXh=#XhXXXh  ThesolegroundallegedasthebasisfortheterminationofFathersparentalrightswas &"% abandonment,assetoutinTenn.CodeAnn.361113(g)(l),whichincorporatesthedefinition '#& foundinTenn.CodeAnn.361102(1)(A)(I).Underthatstatute,abandonmentisthewillful (#' failuretovisit,tosupport,ortomakereasonablepaymentsforsupportforaperiodoffour )$( consecutivemonthsimmediatelyprecedingthefilingofthepetition.Whenusingthatground,DCS |*%) isrequiredbystatutetoprovidenoticetotheparentoftheconductthatwillconstituteabandonment, h+&* asaprerequisitetoterminationonthatground.Webeginouranalysisofthiscasewiththose  requirements.    IV. t A  #XhXXXh@>#LXhXXXhEvenafterachildhadbeenvalidlycommittedtothecustodyofDCS,theStatesfirstpriority L  istorestorethefamilyunitifatallpossible.IntheMatterD.D.V.,No.M200102282COAR3JV, 8  2002WL225891,*8(Tenn.Ct.App.Feb.14,2002)(noTenn.R.App.11applicationfiled).#XhXXLXh&B#XhXXXh $ t #XhXXXhC#XhXXXhAdditionally,foranychildplacedinfostercare,DCSmustprepareapermanencyplanwithinthirty  ` daysofthatplacement.Tenn.CodeAnn.372403(a)(1).Apermanencyplanisawrittenplanfor  L  achildplacedinfostercare.Theplansetsoutrequirementsfortheachievementofaspecificgoal,  8  suchasreunificationofthefamily,adoption,orpermanentfostercare.Tenn.CodeAnn.372 $  402(8)&403(a)(1).Tenn.CodeAnn.372403(a)(2)(A)mandatesthattherequirementsofthe   permanencyplanbestatedinspecifictermsandbereasonablyrelatedtothespecificgoal.The   permanencyplansaretobereviewedwithinaspecifiedtimeafterfostercareplacementandnoless   oftenthaneverysix(6)monthsthereafter,toassesscompliancewiththerequirementsandproject   alikelydateonwhichthegoaloftheplanwillbeachieved.Tenn.CodeAnn.372404(b).#XhXXXhD# p XhXXXh  Parentsareusuallyinvolvedinthedevelopmentandreviewofpermanencyplans.Through H thatprocesstheparentisinformedofthestepsheorshemusttaketohavethechildreturnedandto 4 avoidterminationofparentalrights.Inparticular,thelegislaturehasdeterminedthatthegroundof  p abandonmentmustbeexplainedtotheparents.Tothatend,Tenn.CodeAnn.372403provides  \ inpertinentpart: H e8  #XhXXXhH#LXhXXXh(a)#XhXXLXhJ#LXhXXXh(2)(A)Thepermanencyplanforanychildinfostercareshallincludeastatement   ofresponsibilitiesbetweentheparents,theagencyandthecaseworkerofsuchagency.   Suchstatementsshallincludetheresponsibilitiesofeachpartyinspecifictermsand  shallbereasonablyrelatedtotheachievementofthegoalspecifiedinsubdivision  (a)(1). Thestatementshallincludethedefinitionsof"abandonment"...  containedin361102andthecriteriaandproceduresforterminationof p parentalrights. Eachpartyshallsignthestatementandbegivenacopyofit.The \  courtmustreviewtheproposedplanwithinsixty(60)daysofthefostercare L! placement....#XhXXLXh=K#LXhXXXhԀ8" !!  8  (B)(i) Theparentsorlegalguardiansofthechildshallreceivenoticetoappearatthe $`" courtreviewofthepermanencyplanortheplanofcareand thecourtshallexplain %P # ontherecordthelawrelatingtoabandonmentcontainedin#XhXXLXhN#LXhXXXh#XhXXLXhWP#LXhXXXh361102#XhXXLXhP#LXhXXXh,andshall %@!$ explainthattheconsequencesoffailuretovisitorsupportthechildwillbe &,"% terminationoftheparents'orguardians'rightstothechild, ....#XhXXLXhP#LXhXXXhԀIftheparentsor '#& legalguardiansarenotatthehearingtoreviewthepermanencyplanorplanofcare, ($' thecourtshallexplaintotheparentsorguardiansatanysubsequenthearingregarding )$( thechild#XhXXLXhQ#LXhXXXhheldthereafter,thattheconsequencesoffailuretovisitorsupportthechild *%) willbeterminationoftheparentsorguardiansrightstothechild,....|+&*!! Ї8  (ii)Iftheparentsorguardiansofthechildcannotbegivennoticetoappearatthecourt  reviewofthepermanencyplanorplanofcare,oriftheyrefuseorfailtoappearatthe  courtreviewofthepermanencyplanorplanofcare,orcannotbefoundtoprovide  noticeforthecourtreviewofthepermanencyplanorplanofcare,anyagencywhich t holdscustodyofthechildinfostercareorinanyothertypeofcareand whichseeks ` toterminateparentalorguardianrightsbaseduponabandonmentofthatchild P  under#XhXXLXh@S#LXhXXXh#XhXXLXhV#LXhXXXh361102 #XhXXLXh1W#LXhXXXh, shall#XhXXLXh~W#LXhXXXhnotbeprecludedfromproceedingwiththetermination <  baseduponthegroundsofabandonment , if theagencydemonstratesatthetimeof , | theterminationproceeding: l!! 8  8` !!(a)Thatthecourtrecordshows,orthepetitioningpartypresentstothe  D  courtacopyofthepermanencyplanorplanofcarethatshowsthatthe 0  defendantparentsorlegalguardians,subsequenttothecourtreview   insubdivision(a)(2)(B)(I),hassignedtheportionofthepermanency   planorplanofcarewhichdescribesthecriteriaforestablishing   abandonmentunder361102,orthatthecourtrecordshowsthat,at   asubsequenthearingregardingthechild,thecourtmadethe | statementstotheparentsorlegalguardiansrequiredbysubdivision h (a)(2)(B)(I).T` `  8  8` !!(b)Byanaffidavit,thatthechildspermanencyplanorplanofcare ,| containinglanguagewhichdescribesthecriteriaforestablishing h abandonmentunder361102waspresentedbytheagencypartyto T theparentsorguardiansatanytimepriortofilingthetermination @ petition,orthattherewasanattemptatanytimetopresenttheplan , whichdescribesthecriteriaforestablishingabandonmentunder36  1102totheparentsorguardiansatanytimebytheagencyparty,and  thatsuchattemptwasrefusedbytheparentsorguardians.` `   #XhXXLXhW#LXhXXXh X   8  8` !!(#XhXXLXh*_#LXhXXXhc#XhXXLXh_#LXhXXXh)Thatifthecourtrecorddoesnotcontainasignedcopyofthe d  permanency#XhXXLXh_#LXhXXXhplanorplanofcare,orifthepetitioningagencycannot P! presentevidenceofapermanencyplanorplanofcareshowing <"  evidenceofsuchnoticehavingbeengivenoranaffidavitshowingthat (#x! theplanwasgivenorthattheplanwasattemptedtobegiventothe $d" parentsorguardiansbytheagencyandwasrefusedbytheparentsor %P # guardians,and,inthiscircumstance,ifthereisnoothercourtrecord %