ÿWPC>/ °— iî7f-+öjS›ž->wl/+ÈöêË%8²Qæ)Ú×fÒNÃÈE’z²C¢ Ü„‰Âœ¤‚-®ÎQûc׻߳î*V†/ý 5÷’Ë3GÉzþjª[l)[£7z5Œ5«äÉý”qƒÒÞmuÃÈ1ïÅ–²ªž«Æù„IæÄ“^x®³ˆÍ´2 ¢Ã|÷Áf“«ßïXb§ãð30"8*‘‰øçÌ0“î˜Ã¡šßÝÄ_~ào¯|žRo•XÉÊJ„ŸÔöû£òžp1—Ißç&‹Ó÷F½tŠ BD\¦ý%ñÅ¥²Ìô g¶´ü+@-§Zz/Öø˜Ó¯p’ˆ°ÁxÂÂ=EMÎö[÷÷µ柕ç*ÿ±˜v«ýDÂÐWììGËp*†Ú¼;8›Ì;´z‚ï†.ÿ@ãµ ŒúI•r³Û¬Vw¶yÏšx]qâFåª` ž‘íÑ 8{@9A…{wíï¼»t“­52 <(B€‚Y¬žÀÀ5ˆ›žÊþÃ|?ñh•R³÷?ܪÚ+IQ¯'îƒ*ÃcѬ79†ƒ¥W¶wk:2hSxùY©…ÑÉßUì HeS9ï÷Û}ÁU}Clùbü”² óv_kº÷®Ó¦3­m(W#ÉÂUN‹ %Ù 0:ß UN ^ g ws 4w ‹ š mœ N³ ܵ 0 ©‘ 0 D: Ì~ 2J-|©gk‡ÒEYê[[[€EÅ"lÚ*yF-F- 0b¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿.¿. B!/˜\\IB01S01\CLERK1NASÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularûzG1Ï éJE1t4.dll3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ ÒÝ ƒu.$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ôÐòXXÔà  àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€trial€court€ordered€the€joint€custody€arrangement€to€continue.(Y(2u.$¤¤Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÔ€ôÐòXXÔà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó MCREYNOLDSDELBRIDGE COA P.J.WaldronShelbyville TransParenting foreseeabilitychildrens Evid T]heKendrickShowmakeBadenhope S.W.VaccarellaLentz AabyEldridgeGaskillAdelsperger (Ý ƒu.$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ôÐòXXÔà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔCourtney,€the€older€child,€testified€at€the€August€2002€hearing€that€she€was€a€junior€high€cheerleader€and€activeÐ ° Ðin€student€council€and€the€Fellowship€of€Christian€Athletes.€€She€expressed€her€love€for€school,€said€she€had€planned€toÐ tÄ Ðtryout€for€cheerleader€and€run€for€9th€grade€class€president,€and€was€confident€she€would€make€the€soccer€and€softballÐ 8ˆ Ðteam€at€Central€High€School€in€Bedford€County.€€Courtney€was€upset€that€her€mother€had€not€permitted€her€to€tryout€forÐ üL Ðcheerleader€for€the€fall€of€2002€since€she€would€be€transferring€to€Blackman€High€School€in€Rutherford€County.€ #Ñ#€<2Xÿÿd#Ñ ¸Ý ƒu.$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ôÐòXXÔà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThis€agreed€order€was€triggered€by€Fatherððs€1999€petition€to€change€custody€so€the€girls€could€live€with€him.€Ð ° ÐCourtney€had€characterized€the€split€living€arrangement€as€ð ðridiculousðð€since€she€could€not€get€settled€at€either€place,Ð tÄ Ðand€her€complaints€were€the€basis€for€Fatherððs€petition.€€In€addition,€the€issue€of€school€placement€had€arisen.€At€theÐ 8ˆ Ðhearing,€Circuit€Judge€Lee€warned€that€ð ðthe€partiesðð€inability€to€agree€as€to€where€their€children€would€attend€school€doesÐ üL Ðconstitute€such€a€significant€change€in€material€circumstances€as€to€mandate€the€entry€of€a€modification€order€in€whichÐ À Ðjoint€custody€would€be€ended.ðð€€Father,€fearing€losing€joint€custody,€reached€an€agreement€with€Mother€that€allowed€theÐ „Ô Ðparents€to€continue€to€share€joint€custody€and€permit€the€girls€to€attend€their€Bedford€County€schools€through€the€2001„Ð H ˜ Ð2002€school€year,€but€thereafter€attend€Rutherford€County€schools. ]Ý ƒu.$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ôÐòXXÔà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔFather€acknowledged€that€his€petition€triggered€the€new€parenting€statute.€€Accordingly,€both€parentsÐ ° Ðsuccessfully€completed€the€TransParenting€class€and€filed€proposed€parenting€plans. }Ý ƒu.$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ôÐòXXÔà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔMother€complains€that€the€trial€court€committed€reversible€error€by€setting€a€hearing€to€review€its€August€orderÐ ° Ðin€December.€€The€record€does€not€indicate€that€she€objected€at€trial,€at€either€hearing,€to€the€procedure.€€Therefore,€itÐ tÄ Ðis€waived.€€Further,€although€the€court€found€in€August€there€had€been€a€change€in€circumstances€justifying€a€change€ofÐ 8ˆ Ðcustody,€the€court€changed€neither€the€joint€custody€arrangement€nor€the€planned€transfer€of€schools.€€In€other€words,Ð üL Ðthe€court€gave€Mother€the€advantage€of€the€1999€order€pending€proof€of€whether€the€change€in€schools€turned€out€to€beÐ À Ðin€the€childrenððs€best€interests€or€contrary€to€them. àÝ ƒu.$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ôÐòXXÔà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔChancellor€Cox€is€the€third€judge€to€hear€the€partiesðð€dispute€over€custody.€ vÝ ƒu.$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ôÐòXXÔà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔJust€as€at€the€August€hearing,€Courtney€and€Ashley€were€questioned€by€the€lawyers€and€the€court€in€chambers.€Ð ° ÐMotherððs€trial€counsel€specifically€asked€the€court€to€speak€to€the€children€òòin€camera.€€óóMoreover,€the€court€asked€counselÐ tÄ Ðfor€the€parties€if€they€objected,€and€neither€side€did€so.€€Chancellor€Coxððs€procedure€was€considerate€of€the€girls€whoÐ 8ˆ Ðwere€placed€in€a€delicate€and€stressful€situation.€€The€trial€court€wanted€the€children€to€testify€outside€the€presence€of€theirÐ üL Ðparents.€€The€court€allowed€the€partiesðð€attorneys€to€be€present€and€allowed€counsel€to€disclose€to€their€respective€clientsÐ À Ðthe€substance€of€the€testimony.€€However,€the€parties€were€admonished€that€neither€parent€was€to€question€or€criticizeÐ „Ô Ðthe€children€concerning€their€testimony.€€On€appeal,€Mother€objects,€not€to€the€in„chambers€procedure€òòper€se,€óóbut€to€theÐ H ˜  Ðtrial€courtððs€ruling€that€the€childrenððs€testimony€ð ðcould€not€be€addressed€specifically€by€in„court€testimony€or€statementÐ ° Ðof€counsel.ðð€€Again,€Mother€is€not€clear€about€any€adverse€effect€of€this€procedure€and€has€not€pointed€out€any€objectionÐ tÄ Ðor€attempt€to€introduce€evidence€at€trial€relating€to€this€issue.€€Mother€also€acknowledges€that€ð ðresolution€of€this€issueÐ 8ˆ Ðwill€not€be€determinative€of€her€appeal.ðð€€We€agree. Ý ƒu.$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ôÐòXXÔà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔOn€appeal,€Mother€agues€that€the€trial€court€committed€reversible€error€when€it€allowed€Mr.€Pate€to€testify€asÐ ° Ðto€statements€made€to€him€by€the€children.€€At€trial,€Mother€made€the€same€argument€before€Mr.€Pate€testified.€€HavingÐ tÄ Ðreviewed€Mr.€Pateððs€testimony,€we€find€little€reference€to€specific€statements€made€to€him€by€the€girls.€€Mother€did€notÐ 8ˆ Ðobject€to€any€particular€question€or€testimony€and€has€pointed€to€none€in€her€brief.€€€Mr.€Pate€testified€at€the€August€2002Ð üL Ðhearing€regarding€treating€the€girls.€€The€trial€court€was€apparently€impressed€enough€with€Mr.€Pate€to€ask€the€parentsÐ À Ðand€stepfather€to€also€meet€with€Mr.€Pate,€and€they€did€so.€€At€the€December€2002€status€hearing,€Mr.€Pate€was€calledÐ „Ô Ðand€gave€his€opinion€as€to€how€the€girls€were€handling€their€situation.€€Mr.€Pate€was€treated€as€an€expert€based€upon€hisÐ H ˜ Ðtraining€and€knowledge€under€Rule€702,€Tenn.€R.€Evid.,€and€we€see€no€error€committed€in€admitting€his€testimony.Ð  \ ÐÌà  àMother€also€complains€that€Mr.€Pateððs€records€reflecting€statements€by€the€children€were€improperly€admittedÐ ” ä  Ðunder€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€803(4)€because€Mr.€Pate€is€not€a€doctor€and€the€statements€were€not€made€for€diagnostic€orÐ X ¨  Ðtreatment€purposes.€€We€find€nothing€in€the€record€or€in€the€courtððs€orders€to€indicate€that€the€court€relied€on€any€out„ofÐ  l  Єcourt€statements€by€the€children€that€may€have€been€reflected€in€Mr.€Pateððs€records.€€The€court€heard€directly€from€theÐ à 0  Ðgirls€themselves.€€Mother€has€pointed€to€no€particular€statement€in€the€records€that€was€objectionable€and€has€failed€toÐ ¤ô  Ðstate€how€any€error€in€the€admission€of€the€records€may€have€affected€the€outcome€of€the€case. bÝ ƒu.$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ôÐòXXÔà  àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€parties€herein€were€not€attempting€to€modify€a€prior€permanent€parenting€plan,€since€one€was€not€in€effect;Ð ° Ðthey€were€seeking€modification€of€a€prior€custody€order.€€However,€the€parties€agreed€that€this€proceeding€was€under€theÐ tÄ Ðnew€parenting€plan€legislation€and,€consequently,€that€the€court€was€required€to€approve€or€fashion€a€permanent€parentingÐ 8ˆ Ðplan.€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„404(a).€€ oÝ ƒu.$ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ôÐòXXÔà  àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔIn€contrast€to€their€activities€in€Bedford€County,€òòinfraóó€at€n.4,€neither€girl€participated€in€athletics€at€their€newÐ ° Ðschools.€€Nor€did€they€serve€in€student€government€or€try€out€for€cheerleading.(:3¡]$««Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ d Ô dÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡Xÿ´XXXÔÑ  ÑÔ‡¼G!»XXÿ´ÔÑ  ÑÑ€{Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ#†Xÿ´X»¼G!h#ÔÔ‡îZØîXXÿ´ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†Xÿ´XîîZØÙ#ÔÔ‡¼G!»XXÿ´ÔˆÐ Ö& ÐÓ  ÓMay€5,€2004€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ#†Xÿ´X»¼G!s#ÔÌò òÔ‡¼G!»XXÿ´ÔNANCY€RENEE€(MCREYNOLDS)€DELBRIDGE€v.€ROBERT€IRVINGÐ úJ ÐMCREYNOLDSÔ#†Xÿ´X»¼G!#Ôó óÐ  ^ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Chancery€Court€for€Bedford€CountyÐ  ^ Ðà@@øøìàNo.€19,185€€€€€€James€B.€Cox,€ChancellorÐ ú J ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<½` AßÐ ¾  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2003„00681„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Filed€October€7,€2004Ð ¹  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<` AßÐ ‘á  Ðó óÌÔ#†Xÿ´XXXÿ´=#ÔÓ  ÓMother€appeals€from€the€trial€courtððs€order€modifying€a€prior€agreed€custody€order€concerning€schoolÐ ŒÜ Ðplacement€for€the€partiesðð€two€minor€children.€€Mother€argues€that€there€was€no€material€change€ofÐ xÈ Ðcircumstances€that€warranted€the€trial€courtððs€decision.€€Because€we€determine€that€the€evidence€doesÐ d´ Ðnot€preponderate€against€the€trial€courtððs€findings€that€a€material€change€in€circumstances€occurredÐ P  Ðand€that€the€modification€of€the€school€placement€arrangement€was€in€the€best€interests€of€theÐ <Œ Ðchildren,€we€affirm€the€decision€of€the€trial€court.Ð (x ÐÌÔ‡Xÿ´XXXÿ´Ôò òÓ  ÓTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Chancery€Court€Affirmedó óÐ P ÐÓ•ÓÌòòPatricia€J.€Cottrell,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòWilliam€C.€Koch,€Jr.,€P.J.,Ð Ø( ÐM.S.,óó€and€òòFrank€G.€Clement,€Jr.,€J.óó,€joined.Ð Ä ÐÌR.€Steven€Waldron,€Murfreesboro,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Nancy€Renee€(McReynolds)Ð œì ÐDelbridge.Ð ˆØ ÐÌJohn€H.€Norton,€III,€Shelbyville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellee,€Robert€Irving€McReynolds.Ð `!°  ÐÌò òÓ  ÓOPINIONó óÐ 8#ˆ" ÐÓà ÓÌÔ#†Xÿ´XXXÿ´s#Ôà  àFollowing€the€partiesðð€divorce€in€1994,€they€were€given€joint€custody€of€their€two€minorÐ %` $ Ðchildren,€both€daughters,€Courtney,€born€August€31,€1988,€and€Ashley,€born€May€17,€1990.€€UnderÐ ü%L!% Ðthis€arrangement,€the€girls€spend€half€the€week€with€Mother€and€the€remainder€with€Father.€€SinceÐ è&8"& ÐMotherððs€remarriage€and€relocation€from€Bedford€County€to€Rutherford€County€where€she€and€herÐ Ô'$#' Ðhusband€teach€in€the€public€school€system,€Mother€has€wanted€the€girls€to€attend€Rutherford€CountyÐ À($( Ðschools€rather€than€Bedford€County€schools.€€In€1999€the€parties€entered€into€an€agreed€custodyÐ ¬)ü$) Ðâ âmodification€order€approved€by€Circuit€Judge€Charles€Lee€providing€that€the€children€would€remainÐ ˜*è%* ÐÑ{Ñâ âÑ8€ÿ´XXdìXXdì8Ñâ âÑ  ÑÔ_Ôin€their€Bedford€County€schools€until€the€oldest€daughter€began€9òòthóó€grade€in€the€fall€of€2002.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€At€thatÐ ° Ðâ âtime,€both€Courtney€and€Ashley€were€to€transfer€to€Rutherford€County€schools,€although€the€sharedÐ œì Ðresidential€schedule€would€continue.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àAs€the€time€to€change€school€systems€approached€the€girls€became€more€resistant,€wantingÐ `° Ðto€remain€at€their€respective€Bedford€County€schools€where€they€were€active€in€athletics,Ð L œ Ðextracurricular€activities,€and€happy€with€many€friends.׃°×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€girlsðð€relationship€with€their€motherÐ 8 ˆ Ðbegan€to€deteriorate€over€their€desire€to€stay€active€in€their€Bedford€County€community€and€theirÐ $ t Ðmotherððs€refusal€to€allow€it€in€hopes€of€weaning€them€from€Bedford€County€in€anticipation€of€theirÐ  ` Ðmove€to€their€new€Rutherford€County€schools.Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àAs€a€consequence€of€the€girlsðð€resistance,€Father€filed€a€petition€in€December€2001€to€modifyÐ Ô$  Ðboth€custody€and€the€school€placement€for€the€girls.׃L ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Specifically,€Father€moved€for€primary€custodyÐ À  Ðand€permission€for€the€girls€to€remain€in€their€Bedford€County€schools€alleging€in€his€petition€thatÐ ¬ü  Ðð ðsince€the€entry€of€the€1999€Modified€Order€.€.€.€there€have€been€numerous€problems€by€and€betweenÐ ˜è  Ðthe€parties€that€have,€without€question,€adversely€impacted€upon€the€children.ðð€€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àAt€the€August€2002€hearing,€Chancellor€Cox׃œ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€heard€testimony€from€the€girls,€Mother,€Father,Ð \¬ ÐStepfather,€and€David€Pate,€the€childrenððs€counselor.€€Based€upon€the€evidence€the€trial€court€foundÐ H˜ Ðthat€ð ðthere€do€exist€exigent€material€changes€in€circumstances€not€foreseeableðð€at€the€time€the€partiesÐ 4„ Ðentered€into€the€1999€Agreed€Order,€but€nonetheless€upheld€the€prior€order€that€required€the€girls€toÐ  p Ðchange€school€systems€in€the€fall€of€2002€when€Courtney€began€high€school.€€The€trial€court€listedÐ  \ Ðthe€changes€in€circumstances,€including€the€deterioration€of€relationships,€including€specifically€theÐ øH Ðrelationship€between€Mother€and€the€children.€€Having€found€a€material€change€of€circumstances,Ð ä4 Ðâ âthe€court€addressed€comparative€fitness.€€Although€the€court€found€both€parents€fit,€it€expressed€someÐ Ð  Ðconcerns€that€ð ðboth€parents€have€acted€in€a€way€that€is€inconsistent€with€their€fitness.ðð€€The€court€hadÐ ° Ðconcern€about€the€1999€Order:Ð œì Ðâ âÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(a)€€There€is€a€dilemma€created€by€the€October€28,€1999€Order€in€thatÐ tÄ Ðcontinuity,€as€envisioned€by€the€appellate€courts,€is€not€the€continuityÐ `° Ðenvisioned€by€that€Order;ÐL œ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(b)€Continuity€envisioned€by€the€appellate€courts€is€a€continuation€ofÐ $ t Ðthe€circumstances€that€have€clearly€been€shown€to€be€in€the€bestÐ  ` Ðinterests€of€the€children€over€time;€andÐü L ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(c)€€The€Order€of€October€28,€1999,€is€squarely€at€odds€with€thisÐ Ô$  Ðcontinuity€in€that€the€Order€mandates€that€the€children€change€schoolÐ À  Ðattendance€as€of€this€school€year.Ьü ` x` x ÐÌà@oo(ìà.€.€.ˆÐ „Ô  ÐÌà8  àContinuity,€as€dictated€by€the€statute,€would€lean€in€favor€of€leaving€the€children€inÐ \¬ ÐBedford€County€where€they€have€had€school,€where€they€have€had€consistentÐ H˜ Ðextracurricular€activity,€where€they€have€had€stability€with€a€parent€and€where€theyÐ 4„ Ðhave€had€stability€with€grandparents.€.€.€.€Ð pÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€court€clearly€struggled€with€foreseeability€issues€related€to€the€1999€Order.€€AfterÐ øH Ðweighing€all€the€factors,€the€court€held:Ð ä4 ÐÌà8  àThe€Court€finds€that€the€joint€custody€arrangement€previously€existing€under€theÐ ¼  ÐOrder€of€October€28,€1999,€should€remain€in€place,€although€the€Court€questionsÐ ¨ø Ðwhether€it€will€continue€to€work.€Ð”äÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€court€also€made€specific€orders€regarding€conduct€by€each€parent€and€the€stepfather.Ð l¼ ÐAdditionally,€it€ordered€that€the€girls€continue€counseling€with€Mr.€Pate€and€that€the€parents€beginÐ X ¨ Ðcounseling€so€they€could€foster€better€relationships€with€the€children.€€The€court€also€ordered€thatÐ D!” Ðthe€parties€continue€joint€decision„making€regarding€the€children.€€Having€found€a€material€changeÐ 0"€  Ðof€circumstances€and€given€the€courtððs€reservations€about€the€1999€Order,€it€provided€in€its€AugustÐ #l! Ð2002€order€that:Ð $X" ÐÌà8  àThe€Court€will€review€this€case€near€the€Christmas€school€break€for€the€2002/2003Ð à%0!$ Ðschool€year,€it€being€the€feeling€of€the€Court€that,€between€now€and€the€ChristmasÐ Ì&"% Ðbreak,€the€childrensðð€grades€should€show€their€true€capability€as€students,€provided,Ð ¸'#& Ðhowever,€if€their€school€performance€is€not€good,€the€Court€will€consider€returningÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthem€back€to€the€Bedford€County€school€system€.€.€.€.Ð)à$(Ð Ð  Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àÔ‡Xÿ´XXXÿ´ÔAt€the€December€2002€status€hearing,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€the€trial€court€heard€testimony€from€the€girlsððÐ ° Ðâ âcounselor,€David€Pate,€several€teachers€at€the€girlsðð€new€schools€in€Rutherford€County,€Mother€andÐ œì Ðboth€the€girls.€€Mother€and€the€teachers€testified€that€the€girls€were€adjusting€and€doing€well€inÐ ˆØ Ðschool.€€However,€the€girls€and€their€counselor€painted€a€different€picture.€€The€trial€court€questionedÐ tÄ Ðthe€family€counselor,€Mr.€Pate:׃(×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð `° ÐÌà8  àCourt:€Do€you€have€any€opinion€as€a€counselor€as€it€relates€to€adjustment€of€theseÐ 8 ˆ Ðchildren€€.€.€.€.Ð$ tÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àPate:€[T]he€children€are€in€the€process€and€they€adjusted€to€some€degree€to€theirÐ ü L  Ðcurrent€living€arrangements.€They€have€not€accepted€at€all€that€arrangement€and€dueÐ è 8  Ðto€that€fact€they€are€exhibiting€through€their€actions€emotional€upheaval€that€isÐ Ô$  Ðcausing€stress€and€anger€in€both€of€their€lives€.€.€.€And€it€is€continuing€to€increaseÐ À  Ðrather€than€decrease€based€on€my€observations.Ьü Ð Ð  ÐÔ#†Xÿ´XXXÿ´†%#ÔÌà  àThe€trial€court€also€questioned€fourteen€year€old€Courtney€in€chambers:׃l×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð „Ô  Їà  àCM:à8 ` àA€school€is€a€school.€Academically€„€„€Iððm€not€trying€to€be€conceited.€Ð ° ÐIððm€smart.€€Iððm€going€to€do€good.Мì` x` x Ðà  àCourt:à8 ` àYou€donððt€have€to€work€too€hard€to€get€good€grades?ЈØ` x` x Ðà  àCM:à8 ` àI€donððt€do€anything.€€I€donððt€even€take€books€home.€.€.Iððm€going€to€doÐ tÄ Ðgood€wherever€I€go.€So€why€not€let€me€be€happy.€.€.€€For€a€long€timeÐ `° ÐI€didnððt€want€to€hurt€anybody.€€But€now€Iððm€hurting.€€I€canððt€do€itÐ L œ Ðanymore.Ð8 ˆ` x` x Ðà  àCourt:à8 ` àOkay.€€Do€you€feel€like€youððve€reached€a€breaking€point?Ð$ t` x` x Ðà  àCM:à8 ` àDangerously€close..€..€Nobody€should€be€forced€to€be€this€unhappy.Ð `` x` x Ðà  àCourt:à8 ` àWhat€about€living€with€your€dad€full€time€if€you€got€your€way€in€thatÐ ü L  Ðregard€would€it€make€your€relationship€with€your€mother€better?Ðè 8 ` x` x Ðà  àCM:à8 ` àIt€would€make€it€a€little€better.€€It€canððt€get€much€worse.€€Maybe€if€sheÐ Ô$  Ðdidnððt€have€the€ability€to€force€me€to€be€so€unhappy€maybe€we€couldÐ À  Ðactually€work€on€our€relationship.€.€.€.€€My€mother€is€a€very€selfishÐ ¬ü  Ðperson.€I€mean,€sheððs€changing€or€sheððs€making€an€attempt€to€changeÐ ˜è  Ðmy€life€to€make€hers€a€little€better.Ð„Ô ` x` x Ðà  àCourt:à8 ` àHow€much€do€you€know€about€the€prior€order€in€this€case?€.€.€.€.ÐpÀ` x` x Ðà  àCM:à8 ` àAll€I€knew€was€that€the€judge€said€something€like€thereððs€going€to€beÐ \¬ Ða€big€winner€and€a€big€loser.€€And€both€my€parents€freaked€outÐ H˜ Ðbecause€I€remember€my€mom€was€all€nervous€and€my€dad€was€allÐ 4„ Ðscared,€and€they€didnððt€know€what€to€do.€€So€basically€they€came€toÐ  p Ðan€agreement€that€I€would€go€to€school€in€Murfreesboro.€€I€couldnððtÐ  \ Ðbelieve€it.€€I€was€mad.€€But€I€figured€hey,€I€was€like€maybe€I€can€eitherÐ øH Ðchange€my€momððs€mind,€maybe€sheððll€come€to€her€senses.€€Iððll€makeÐ ä4 Ðher€see€how€good€things€are€€here.€€And€then€you€were€my€last€hope.€ÐÐ ` x` x ÐÔ‡Xÿ´XXXÿ´ÔÌÔ#†Xÿ´XXXÿ´5#Ôà  àFollowing€the€December€status€hearing,€the€trial€court€found€ð ðthat€the€preponderance€of€theÐ ¨ø Ðevidence€is€that€the€childrenððs€attending€Rutherford€County€schools€is€not€going€to€workðð€andÐ ”ä Ðordered€his€August€order€modified€so€that€the€children€be€allowed€to€return€to€their€Bedford€CountyÐ €Ð Ðschools€for€the€spring€semester€of€the€2001„2002€school€year.׃ d×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€trial€court€reasoned€thatÔ‡Xÿ´XXXÿ´Ô€the€1999Ð l¼ ÐOrder€ð ðfrustrated€the€current€appropriate€analysis€of€this€case€.€.€.€and€that€it€might€not€have€approvedÐ X ¨ Ðthe€1999€Agreed€Order,ððÔ#†Xÿ´XXXÿ´à7#Ô€and€that€it€was€not€in€the€childrenððs€best€interest€to€continue€in€their€newÐ D!” Ðschools.€€Mother€appeals.Ð 0"€  ÐÌÌÐ ô$D # Їà@  ìàò òòòI.€€The€Childrenððs€School€Placementóóó ó€ˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àThis€appeal€does€not€involve€a€change€in€custody.€€It€does€not€involve€a€change€in€visitation.€Ð ŒÜ ÐInstead,€the€decision€under€review€was€about€what€schools€the€children€would€attend€whileÐ xÈ Ðcontinuing€to€spend€their€residential€time€almost€equally€with€the€parents.€€Educational€decisions€areÐ d´ Ðgenerally€left€to€parents.€€After€divorce,€decision„making€authority€on€such€issues€was€generally€leftÐ P   Ðto€the€primary€custodian€or,€in€this€case€of€joint€custody,€to€the€parents€jointly.€€Under€newerÐ < Œ Ðlegislation,€a€permanent€parenting€plan€is€required€to€allocate€decision„making€authority€on€issuesÐ ( x Ðsuch€as€education.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„404(a)(5).€€In€the€case€before€us,€the€court€was€requiredÐ  d Ðto€make€the€educational€decision,€or,€as€the€court€put€it,€to€pick€the€schools€the€children€would€attend.Ð  P  ÐÌà  àAlthough€this€case€is€not€about€change€of€custody,€our€analysis€must€begin€with€the€lawÐ Ø(  Ðregarding€such€changes€because€custody,€visitation,€and€parental€decision„making€are€part€of€theÐ Ä  Ðwhole€arrangement€designed€to€further€the€welfare€of€the€children€involved.€€Our€analysis,€however,Ð °  Ðis€governed€by€admonition€that,€ð ðIt€is€not€the€function€of€appellate€courts€to€tweak€a€visitation€orderÐ œì  Ð.€.€.€.€€When€no€error€is€evident€from€the€record,€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€must€stand.ðð€€òòEldridge€v.Ð ˆØ  ÐEldridgeóó,€42€S.W.3d€82,€88€(Tenn.€2001).€€Because€of€the€broad€discretion€given€trial€courts€inÐ tÄ Ðmatters€of€child€custody,€visitation,€and€related€issues,€including€change€in€circumstances€and€bestÐ `° Ðinterests,€and€because€of€the€fact€specific€nature€of€such€decisions,€appellate€courts€are€reluctant€toÐ Lœ Ðsecond„guess€a€trial€courtððs€determination€regarding€custody€and€visitation.€€òòParker€v.€Parkeróó,€986Ð 8ˆ ÐS.W.2d€557,€563€(Tenn.€1999);€òòNelson€v.€Nelsonóó,€66€S.W.3d€896,€901€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€2001);€òòóóÐ $t ÐòòGaskill€v.€Gaskillóó,€936€S.W.2d€626,€631(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1996)).€€Accordingly,€this€court€will€declineÐ ` Ðto€disturb€a€parenting€arrangement€fashioned€by€a€trial€court€unless€that€decision€is€based€on€theÐ üL Ðapplication€of€incorrect€legal€principles,€is€unsupported€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence,€or€isÐ è8 Ðagainst€logic€or€reasoning.€€òòEldridge€v.€Eldridgeóó,€42€S.W.3d€82,€85€(Tenn.€2001);òò€Adelsperger€v.Ð Ô$ ÐAdelspergeróó,€970€S.W.2d€482,€485€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997).Ð À ÐÌà  àOnce€a€valid€order€of€custody€has€been€issued,€a€court€may€modify€that€custody€arrangementÐ ˜è Ðwhen€both€a€material€change€in€circumstances€has€occurred€and€a€change€of€custody€is€in€the€childððsÐ „Ô Ðbest€interests.€€òòKendrick€v.€Shoemakeóó,€90€S.W.3d€566,€570€(Tenn.€2002);€òòBlair€v.€Badenhopeóó,€77Ð pÀ ÐS.W.3d€137,€148€(Tenn.€2002)Ô‡Xÿ´XXXÿ´Ôòòóó.òòóó€Ô#†Xÿ´XXXÿ´JF#Ô€ð ðWhile€there€are€no€hard€and€fast€rules€for€determining€when€aÐ \ ¬ Ðchildððs€circumstances€have€changed€sufficiently€to€warrant€a€change€of€his€or€her€custody,ðð€òòBlairóó,Ð H!˜ Ð77€S.W.3d€at€150,€a€€material€change€of€circumstance€does€not€require€a€showing€of€a€substantial€riskÐ 4"„  Ðof€harm€to€the€child.€€òòKendrickóó,€90€S.W.3d€at€570€n.5€(citing€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„101(a)(2)).€ToÐ  #p! Ðjustify€modification,€the€change€must€have€occurred€after€entry€of€the€order€sought€to€be€modified,Ð  $\" Ðmust€be€one€that€was€not€known€or€reasonably€anticipated€when€the€original€order€was€entered,€andÐ ø$H # Ðmust€affect€the€childððs€well„being€in€a€meaningful€way.€€òòKendrickóó,€90€S.W.3d€at€570;€òòBlairóó,€77€S.W.Ð ä%4!$ Ðâ âat€150.€€Although€òòKendrick€óóspeaks€in€terms€of€an€actual€change€in€custody,€its€principles€apply€toÐ Ð& "% Ðchanges€in€a€custodial€and€visitation€arrangement,€including€arrangements€that€are€now€establishedÐ ° Ðin€a€permanent€parenting€plan.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àThe€prior€agreed€order€set€up€the€change€in€circumstances,€and,€as€the€trial€court€observed,Ð tÄ Ðactually€triggered€the€actions€that€destabilized€the€childrenððs€environment€and€exacerbated€strainsÐ `° Ðin€the€relationships€involved.€€However,€the€court€considered€the€actual€effects€of€the€change€inÐ L œ Ðschools€before€deciding€whether€to€modify€the€prior€order.€òò€óóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„101(a)(2)(B)Ð 8 ˆ Ðprovides:€Ð $ t ÐÌà8  àIf€the€issue€before€the€court€is€a€modification€of€the€courtððs€prior€decree€pertainingÐ ü L  Ðto€custody€or€a€residential€parenting€arrangement,€the€petitioner€must€prove€by€aÐ è 8  Ðpreponderance€of€the€evidence€a€material€change€in€circumstance.€€A€material€changeÐ Ô$  Ðof€circumstance€does€not€require€a€showing€of€a€substantial€risk€of€harm€to€the€child.€Ð À  ÐA€material€change€of€circumstance€may€include,€but€is€not€limited€to,€failures€toÐ ¬ü  Ðadhere€to€the€parenting€plan€or€an€order€of€custody€€and€visitation€or€circumstancesÐ ˜è  Ðwhich€make€the€parenting€plan€no€longer€in€the€best€interest€of€the€child.Ð„Ô Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àEvidence€that€an€existing€custody€and€visitation€arrangement€is€not€working€is€sufficient€toÐ \¬ Ðsupport€a€finding€of€material€change€of€circumstances.€€òòVaccarella€v.€Vaccarellaóó,€49€S.W.3d€307,Ð H˜ Ð315„16€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€2001);€òòDalton€v.€Daltonóó,€858€S.W.2d€324,€326€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1998).€€Here,Ð 4„ Ðclearly€the€facts€support€the€trial€courtðð€s€finding€that€the€childrenððs€move€to€Rutherford€CountyÐ  p Ðschools€is€ð ðnot€working.ðð€€The€girls€are€not€happy€being€forced€to€leave€their€schools,€activities€andÐ  \ Ðfriends.€€Their€relationship€with€their€mother€is€far€worse€than€before€and,€contrary€to€the€motherððsÐ øH Ðhopes€that€the€move€would€bring€them€closer,€it€has€had€the€opposite€effect.€€Although€the€girlsððÐ ä4 Ðgrades€are€still€quite€good,€they€certainly€cannot€be€characterized€as€the€well„rounded€children€thatÐ Ð  Ðthey€were€while€attending€Bedford€County€schools.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ¼  ÐÌÔ‡Xÿ´XXXÿ´Ôà  àòòóóThe€welfare€and€best€interests€of€the€children€are€the€paramount€concern€in€custody€andÐ ”ä Ðresidential€placement€determinations,€and€the€goal€of€any€such€€decision€is€to€place€the€child€in€anÐ €Ð Ðenvironment€that€will€best€serve€his€or€her€needs.€€òòEldridgeóó,€42€S.W.3d€at€85;€òòParkeróó,€986€S.W.2dÐ l¼ Ðat€562;òò€Lentz€v.€Lentzóó,€717€S.W.2d€876,€877€(Tenn.€1986).€€The€General€Assembly€has€found€thatÐ X ¨ Ðð ð[t]he€best€interests€of€the€child€are€served€by€a€parenting€arrangement€that€best€maintains€a€childððsÐ D!” Ðemotional€growth,€health€and€stability,€and€physical€care.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„401(a).€€The€aimÐ 0"€  Ðof€a€custodial€or€residential€arrangement€is€to€promote€the€childððs€welfare€by€creating€an€environmentÐ #l! Ðthat€promotes€a€nurturing€relationship€with€each€parent.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„404(b);€òòAaby€v.Ð $X" ÐStrangeóó,€924€S.W.2d€623,€629€(Tenn.€1996).Ð ô$D # ЇÔ#†Xÿ´XXXÿ´èT#Ôà  àWe€review€the€findings€of€fact€by€a€trial€court€òòde€novoóó€with€a€presumption€of€correctness€forÐ ° Ðthe€trial€courtððs€decision,€unless€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence€is€otherwise.òòóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ð œì Ð13(d);€òòKendrickóó,€90€S.W.3d€at€569„70;òò€Brooks€v.€Brooksóó,€992€S.W.2d€403,€404€(Tenn.€1999)òòóó.€TheÐ ˆØ Ðevidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€the€prior€school€placementÐ tÄ Ðarrangement€was€not€working€and€was€a€material€change€of€circumstances€affecting€the€childrenððsÐ `° Ðwell„being€in€a€negative€and€meaningful€way.Ô‡Xÿ´XXXÿ´Ô€€The€trial€court€correctly€recognized€that€the€1999Ð L œ ÐOrder€did€not€promote€stability,€but€was€fostering€only€discord€and,€therefore,€it€was€no€longer€in€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðchildrenððs€best€interests.€€Ô#†Xÿ´XXXÿ´ü[#ÔSimilarly,€the€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€finding€thatÐ $ t Ðmodification€of€that€order€is€in€the€childrenððs€best€interests.€€Ô‡Xÿ´XXXÿ´ÔThe€court€appropriately€modified€theÐ  ` Ðprior€decision€regarding€school€placement€to€one€that€was€in€the€childrenððs€best€interests.€Ð ü L  ÐÔ#†Xÿ´XXXÿ´Á]#ÔAccordingly,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€modification€of€the€prior€order€to€allow€the€girls€to€continueÐ è 8  Ðattending€schools€in€the€system€they€had€been€in€throughout€their€educational€experience.Ð Ô$  Ðà  àÔ‡Xÿ´XXXÿ´Ôò òòò¹Ó  ÓII.€€Attorneyððs€Feesóóó óÐ ¬ü  ÐÓÏ_ÓÌà  àÔ#†Xÿ´XXXÿ´©_#ÔMother€complains€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€awarding€her€attorneyððs€fees€incurred€inÐ „Ô  Ðdefending€Fatherððs€petition€for€modification€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„5„103(c).€€ThatÐ pÀ Ðstatute€permits€reasonable€attorney€fees€to€be€awarded€the€prevailing€party€in€an€action€concerningÐ \¬ Ðthe€adjudication€of€custody€or€change€of€custody.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àA€decision€on€attorneyððs€fees€will€be€reviewed€on€an€abuse€of€discretion€standard.€Under€theÐ  p Ðabuse€of€discretion€standard,€a€trial€court€abuses€its€discretion€only€when€it€ð ðapplies€an€incorrect€legalÐ  \ Ðstandard,€or€reaches€a€decision€which€is€against€logic€or€reasoning€or€that€causes€an€injustice€to€theÐ øH Ðparty€complaining.ðð€€òòEldridgeóó,€42€S.W.3d€at€85.€€Here,€although€the€trial€court€declined€to€changeÐ ä4 Ðthe€joint€custody€or€residential€placement€arrangement,€Mother€did€not€prevail€with€respect€to€theÐ Ð  Ðcrucial€issue€of€the€childrenððs€school€placement.€€The€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€inÐ ¼  Ðrequiring€each€party€to€pay€his€or€her€own€attorneyððs€fees€in€this€dispute,€the€seeds€of€which€wereÐ ¨ø Ðsown€by€the€agreed€order€entered€earlier.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àConsequently,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€denial€of€attorney€fees€to€Mrs.€Delbridge.Ð l¼ ÐÌà@ÀÀ%ìàò òòòConclusionó óóóˆÐ D!” ÐÌà  àWe€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€modification€of€the€custody€order€which€permits€the€minorÐ #l! Ðchildren€to€return€to€their€Bedford€County€schools.€€òòóóCosts€of€this€appeal€are€taxed€equally€betweenÐ $X" Ðthe€two€parties.Ð ô$D # ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à____________________________________Ð ¤(ô#' Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àPATRICIA€J.€COTTRELL,€JUDGE