WPC P^ٻ?.>ܠm,-`'a|bߌ xolІn nPXo_1F!LҾR}VU)/"},`0 ]k 6͎'BB@:B]G@h VSDrgL.N%u4ZIrӂe!cNGD~\"@pX*9&mmf,)pYU{Q$OcԚ<~Y3#S"|J@%+Mfvw[i4j D^nʏ^|ݷy//%US2&RpD-R߹zJ&﮿*D<,ik5|EҕnbN GŬOvе'*Ҵ4o&p'*AbZ{is˺͈,]dNyO'ZcyXv1m`Llƾ&"y5ƘPFb#\ % ^ # 0/ U%N w 4 z  i x mz E  Y   0DNUN 1GU> 1u  72 0 c 1 1 1$$$$$$$$$$$$$$b 0 B 0 D3_ D- 0K AS ] 0# 0D A HP LaserJet 40500m-s (`$.8dd8    ("  Z6Times New Roman Regular|&-:i+00 C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xULevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#$  0   (uH Z6Times New Roman Regular(CEKQW]cioAutoList1A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.\  `&Times New Roman3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)(;3$2#  0  .3  0  (CEKQW]cioAutoList2A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(CEKQW]cioAutoList3A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(CEKQW]cioAutoList4A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.- -(|G2P$ !.8Bdd8         0  X-X d(|3ǎ$ !.8Bdd8     VVVV'dxd)!dxdx( $ Figure  1  ^_X`YE<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3ǎ$ !.8Bdd8     ($$   1  X[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK !.8Bdd8     _B8-XXdd8@ INTHECOURTOFAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @$ATKNOXVILLE  @ September30,2002Session $ X-XB #BXX-#  WILLIAMC.DUTYandwifeWANDADUTY,v.JOSEPHR. " DAUGHERTYand_LORENE_ԀDAUGHERTYX-XB   6 @^ ^  DirectAppealfromtheChanceryCourtforScottCounty  6 @6 6 No.8568Hon.BillyJoeWhite,Judge  " _   `    _ h FILEDNOVEMBER13,_2002_@*AV ) ` dE<` A߈   @No.E200102861COAR3CV   AV ) ` dE<h` A i     Inthisboundarylinedispute,theTrialCourtestablishedtheboundarylinebetweentheparties P propertiesbasedontestimonythatpriorownershadagreedonthelocationoftheboundary,which < alteredtheboundaryestablishedbyanaccuratesurvey.Wereverse. (x #BXX-#X-XB Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentoftheChanceryCourtReversed.  P HerschelPickensFranks#BX-#X-X.B,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichHoustonM.Goddard,#BX-[#X-X.B ( P.J.,and#BX-#X-X.BCharlesD.Susano,Jr.,J.,joined.  HaroldG._Jeffers_,Oneida,Tennessee,forAppellants,WilliamC.Dutyandwife,WandaDuty.  MaxE.Huff,Oneida,Tennessee,forAppellees,_Lorene_ԀDaughertyandJosephDaugherty. t @66' OPINION #BXX-P#X-XBԈ $"t! #BXX- #X-XB   ` InthisX-XXX-disputeoverthelocationofaboundarylinebetweenthepartiesproperties, $8 $ afterhearingevidence,theTrialCourtsaid: %$!% 0  0` (#(#...IthinkMr.Reedssurvey[plaintiffssurveyor]correctlyshowsthedeed '"' boundaries.Barringeverythingelse,barringsomeothertheory,thatwouldcorrectly (#( maketheboundarybetweentheseproperties.)$)` (#` (# 0  0` (#(#...\+&+` (#` (# 0  0` (#(# Ifthereisalegalboundaryagreementastestifiedtoby_Raney_ԀDaugherty,the 4-(-  Courtwillsettheboundarylinebetweentheangleironandtheblackgum.` (#` (#    ` IntheFinalDecree,theTrialCourtestablishedaboundaryinaccordancewithan  agreementtestifiedtoby_Raney_ԀDaugherty. t    ` Onappeal,plaintiffsarguethattheevidencerelatingtotheverbalagreementto L  establishaboundarybetweenthetractswasinviolationoftheparolevidencerule,andthat 8  defendantsareestoppedundertheirDeedfromclaimingtheboundarylineestablishedbytheCourt. $ t    ` EverettandRoyDaughertywerebrothers.In1961theypurchasedapproximately  L  4acresoflandcarvedoutofthe_Pemberton_ԀEstate.Roy,nowdeceased,wasmarriedto_Lorene_  8  Daugherty;hissonisJosephDaugherty,adefendantherein.Everett,nowdeceased,wasWanda $  DaughertyDutysfather,aplaintiffherein.In1962EverettandRoydecidedtopartitiontheir   property.Roytookthenorthernportion;Everettthesouthern.Deedsweredrawntomakethe   partition,butnosurveywasdoneatthetime.In1998plaintiffshiredJimReedtosurveytheir   property.Inmakinghissurvey,hetalkedtotheadjoininglandownersandfoundnodisputeastoany   surroundingboundaries. p    ` Reedtestifiedheestablishedtheboundaryusingtherelevantdeeddescriptions.First, H helocatedallfourcornersoftheoriginal4#X-XXX- #X-XXX-#BXX-j #X-XBacretractwhichwasclearlymarkedandarenot 4 disputed.TheplaintiffspurchasedtheirpropertyfromWandasfatherin1968.Everettcontinued  p toliveonthepropertyuntilhishomeplaceburnedin1970,andplaintiffsbasicallylettheirproperty  \ sitvacantwhileWilliamDutywasstationedoverseasinthemilitary. H    ` In1998,JoeDaughertymovedhismobilehomeontotheproperty,resultinginthis   dispute.Duringthecourseofthetrial,WandaDutytestifiedthatwhenReedbeganhissurvey,   _Lorene_ԀDaughertyadvisedher IknowthatJoeisoveronyourpropertyafewfeet,butwelljust  havetoworkitout._Raney_ԀDaugherty,Roysbrother,testifiedfordefendants.TheTrialCourt  found_Raney_Ԁcredibleandpivotalindecidingwheretheboundarylinewaslocated._Raney_Ԁtestified  thathehadunderstoodRoyandEveretttohaveswitchedlandbackandforthseveraltimes. l However,thisisnotborneoutbythedeedsofrecord._Raney_Ԁwasnotfamiliarwithanyofthedeeds, X  buthehadbeenshownthelineasachild.Hetestifiedthatwhenhewas12or13yearsold,Royand D! Everettgotintoafistfightovertheboundaryline.Theyresolveditbywalkingdownthroughthe 0"  areaandthendrivinganangleironinthewesternline,whichhewitnessed,andtheyalsodesignated #l! ablackoakorgumtreeinthebackastheeasterncorner.Hefurthertestifiedthatitwas always $X" knownbyotherfamilymembersthatthelinewasattheironstake,andthatitwasrumored $D # throughoutthefamilythatplaintiffsdidnotmakeaclaimwhenRoywasalive,becausetheywere %0!$ afraidofhim.Whenthisdisputearose,Joeaskedhisadviceand_Raney_ԀadvisedJoethatheshould &"% cometoanagreementorbuyit,ratherthangointocourt. '#&    ` SurveyorTony_Crutchfield_ԀsurveyedtheDaughertypropertyatJoeDaughertys )$( requestinDecemberof2000.Heusedthesubjectdeedsandthoseofadjoiningpropertyowners, |*%) andlocatedallofthecornermarkers,confirmingReedssurvey.HedidnotfindtheironpinReed h+&* hadplacedontheeasternline,butwasabletolocatetheexactplacewhereitshouldhavebeenby  usingReedssurvey.     ` _Crutchfield_ԀtestifiedtheoldDaughertyandDutydeeddescriptionsonlyused t distances,andthetwoparcelsdistancesdidntfittogether,againconfirmingReedsfindings. ` _Crutchfield_ssurveylocatestheDaughertysouthernlineasrunningfromtheangleirontotheblack L  gumtree.Significantly,heessentiallybasedthislinefrommeetingwithJoeDaughertywhoshowed 8  himtheangleironandalsopointingoutwhathecontendedtobethedividingline._Crutchfield_ $ t testifiedthathecouldnotconclusivelydeterminetheline.  `  (83! !"3"  0  0` (#(#3d$2  Q  .3  0 ` (#` (#  Inyouropinion,whatistheDaughertyline,baseduponwhatyouveseenat  8  thesceneImean,theland,thedeeds?3d$$݌$  (# (# Ќ  ! ! (88"3"  0  0` (#(#3&2  A  .3  0 ` (#` (#  MyhonestopiniononthedividinglinebetweenDaughertyandDutyisone   whereIIcannottakethesewarrantydeedsandgiveyouanhonest   assessmentaboutwherethispropertylineislocated.AsIhavenotedonthis   exhibit,onthesurveythatIvedoneforMr.Daugherty,thisisabasically p thiswherehesclaimingtobyoccupationandpossession,andthatitoverlaps \ theDutysurveythatwasperformedbyReed.3&&݌H (# (# Ќ  0  0` (#(#... p` (#` (# 0  0` (#(#A.0 ` (#` (#Ifoundthatbasically,IwhatMr.Reedplacedintherewasbasedon H probablythebestavailableevidencegivenwhathehadtoworkwithonthat. 4 Itdoesoverlap.LikeIsaid,itsdifficulttomeshhisthedeedsthathehad   toworkwith,thedeedsthatwerethatIhadtoworkwithasmysubject   piece.Ithat___it_Ԁwastomeitwasinconclusive. (# (#    ` Oncrossexamination,_Crutchfield_Ԁadmittedthatexceptforthelineindispute,hedoes  nottakeissuewithanyotherlinesinReedssurvey.HeadmitteddeviatinghislinesouthofReeds l lineasheapproachedthemobilehome,andhebasedthisonmeetingwithJoeDaugherty. X  Significantly,_Crutchfield_Ԁtestified: D!  (88! !"3"  0  0` (#(#3.2  Q  .3  0 ` (#` (#  Soyouhavenobasisbydeedortitleinstrumentforlocatingalinesouthof #l! theReedline,otherthanwhatMr.Daughertyhastoldyouandhisclaimfor $X" possession?3..݌$D # (# (# Ќ  ! ! (88"3"  0  0` (#(#312  A  .3  0 ` (#` (#  Yes.Well,thatsthatsessentiallywhatmytestimonywas,thatIanswered &"% topreviously....31T1݌'#& (# (# Ќ     ` Ourreviewinboundarylinedisputesisdenovowithapresumptionofcorrectness )$( ofthetrialcourtsfactualdetermination._Thornburg_Ԁv.Chase,606S.W.2d672,675(Tenn.App. |*%) 1980);Tenn.R.App.P.13(d).However,theinterpretationandlegaleffectofadeedisamatterof h+&* law,andtheTrialCourtsdeterminationonsuchmatterscreatesnopresumptionofcorrectnessin  theappellatecourt.Brownv.Brown,320S.W.2d721(Tenn.1958).     ` Plaintiffsdidnotobjecttotheadmissionof_Raney_ԀDaughertystestimonyregarding t RoyandEverettsfistfightandthendrivinganangleironanddesignatingablackgumtreeasthe ` linemarkersforaboundary.However,theparolevidenceruleisnotaruleofevidencebutarule L  ofsubstantivelaw.Noexceptionorassignmentoferrorisnecessarytoensureitsapplication. 8  Maddoxv.Webb,562S.W.2d198(Tenn.1978).Thedeedsinvolvedin#X-XXX-#X-XXX-thiscasedonotcontain $ t ambiguouslanguage,nordotheycontain irreconcilableconflicts;thatcannotberesolvedby  ` applyingtherulesofconstructionfordeeds.Thesurveyin1998revealedsomeinaccuratedistances  L  inthedeeddescriptions,butotherwise,thelanguageofthedeedsthemselvesisclearandconsistent  8  andneedsnointerpretationtoascertaintheintentofthegrantors.Thesedeedsenabledthesurveyor $  todeterminetheboundaries.Inthisconnection,seeMoonv.Webb,584S.W.2d803(Tenn.Ct.App.   1979);alsosee_Muray_Ԁv.CityofRedBoilingSprings,1985Tenn.App.Lexis3281).      ` Theparolevidenceof_Raney_ԀDaugherty,uponwhichtheTrialCourtrelied,was   inadmissible._Raney_stestimony,aswellasdefendants,variedand/orcontradictedthewritten p languageofthedeedsinplacingtheeasternpointatablackoakorblackgumtree.Allofthedeeds \ unambiguouslyplacetheeasternpoint toasetstonein_Pemberton_sline!nottoatreeandthe H westernsideisclearlydescribedastwelvefeetnorthofthe_Burress_ԀTract.Thetestimonyaltering 4 thesepointswas,therefore,inadmissible.An_unascertained_Ԁanddisputedboundarylinedividingthe  p landsofadjoiningpropertyownersmaybeestablishedbyparolagreementandisnotwithintheState  \ ofFrauds.See#X-XXX-j7#X-XXX-_Thornburg_Ԁv.Chase,606S.W.2d672,674(Tenn.App.1980).InasmuchasEverett H andRoyoriginallypartitionedthisproperty,theywouldbepresumedtohaveknownandagreed 4 upontheinstrumentstheydrew.Theirdeedstoeachotherareconsistentandcomplimentaryinthe   linedescription.Clearly,theevidenceshowsthattheReedsurveycorrectly showsthedeed   boundariesasfoundbytheTrialCourt.Sincethepartiesdeedsestablishedtheboundaryline,there  wasnobasistoresorttoparolevidencetoestablishaboundarylineatadifferentplace.  Accordingly,wereversetheJudgmentoftheTrialCourtandremandwithinstructionstoestablish  theboundarylinebetweenthepartiesasdeterminebytheReedSurvey. l    ` ThecostsoftheappealareassessedtodefendantsJosephR.Daughertyand_Lorene_ D! Daugherty. 0"  #X-XXX->##BXX-$#X-XBX-XXX-#X-XXX-C##BXX-C#X-XB   `     h     _________________________ '#&    `     h     HerschelPickensFranks,J.#BXX-)D#X-XB (#' ___________#BXX-cE#X-XB_