ÿWPCô V|ÀŧŽ$I¦µožE[lA)_–Ú™.§zÍ5ßÂeëŸK§Œîð`‰îÉðÉ{Ô±Ž¼l2ä­KÑáí.óÏ&õÀœ{ƒÙ:Ë4V'3=ºY±&êä_^(³ÜÁ…wÃ&õÀžŠÍ€o$ `€žÒÆÎF¿ï€ -t S¤yù¸ z@c^8«!܇ˆ„I‚9kT£ †A•ëcRŒ‹'=–§yÞ7ý/qPOL¬~ر9"F›%ËAä”C£qiz[øA|[Û×Q+O»#¹t·1°l»M ß=‰Çd4øÑ˜4z’ß¹ó´oFôiO‰è®Ÿû):ªZSÏ9À!FÄÜ4®q»ï×YŸÝÒÈ}‚Ër^ÊÉâòá¹r%%ÐãCúΫ"Pˆ.[2Ç´‘Üãû$8¾-ØÎSº0³±Î3RœÑŠ”ºÐ ãNOÔÑ8”Ÿ„(¡T/+Òβe(‡¤Âý°]U…ý‡Kj+Äm’û"bQÐá¶ÀÝ/÷dËU,`’˜r`ü½ JÎþ!ö˜ú–¶QK®XU—ú¥UVTƒ\ÕE«å(_qà[TÏ>{J„×½ï™ “{d¬Ò>‡ýšÊ?Ž²Ô«]D…# F UNQ %Ÿ 0(¥ UFÍ w@ 4S g UPv UFÆ \ 0lh 0DÔ UF^UFf¬ï´U:£ïÝU:Ì UF9WUF 0DÖÖÆ D3à B A©000000000000000000000 0KÙÙÙÙÙ D+$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ AOOÆžž 0Dd D/¨ BטHP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡<¾½Q 9Z ‹.Courier New Regular 3D45D6789E:;Ó€Fw€#%3|xH&@FÐZ ‹8CaslonOpnface BT Regular<(Mç 9Z ‹.Courier New Regular RÝ ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€XÿXXXÔÔ€ôZôXXÿÔThe€jury€also€awarded€the€plaintiff€$8,100€as€compensation€for€theÐ P  Ðdamage€to€her€1989€Oldsmobile,€which€was€a€total€loss.€€The€appellant€does€notÏcontest€this€part€of€the€juryððs€verdict.((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó<¾½Q 9Z ‹.Courier New Regular þÝ ƒ þÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€XâXXXÔÔ€ôs>ôXXâÔFor€some€unexplained€reason,€the€stipulated€expenses€do€not€include€theÐ P  Ðexpense€of€the€two€eye€surgeries.<¾½Q 9Z ‹.Courier New Regular åÔ€X4XXXÔÔ€è¡: èXX4ÔÔ Ad ÔÓ  ÓFILEDÔ€üù  èè¡:ÔÐ  ÐÌò òDecember€28,€1998Ð  ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌAppellate€CourtÏClerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular åÔ€X4XXXÔÔ€è¡: èXX4ÔÔ Ad ÔÓ  ÓFILEDÔ€üù  èè¡:ÔÐ  ÐÌò òDecember€22,€1998Ð  ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌAppellate€CourtÏClerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ý ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€XÿXXXÔÔ€ôZôXXÿÔThere€were€actually€two€plaintiffs€below,€Margie€Frady€and€her€husband,Ð P  ÐRobert€Eugene€Frady.€€The€jury€declined€to€award€Mr.€Frady€damages€on€his€lossÏof€consortium€claim.€€The€trial€courtððs€judgment€approving€the€juryððs€verdictÏas€to€Mr.€Frady€is€not€before€us€on€this€appeal.€€As€used€in€this€opinion,€theÏsingular€ð ðplaintiffðð€refers€to€Margie€Frady.<¾½Q 9Z ‹.Courier New Regular /Ý ƒ þÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€XâXXXÔÔ€ôs>ôXXâÔPhotographs€of€the€two€vehicles€reflect€substantial€damage€to€the€frontÐ P  Ðof€each€of€the€vehicles.€€These€photographs€depict€an€impact€of€significantÏforce.<¾½Q 9Z ‹.Courier New Regular(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5++++'ÿÿdxd d)'BG›&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKK( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'ÈÈÈÈdxd€'‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñ;ñ›ñ;ñÑP °ÑÔ€XÿXXXÔÑ7€¶gXXdìdÈ7ÑÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑñFññ;ñßl€*6&"h 8 `€€EQ tt06HP ¨çlßñ;ññFññFñßl€*6&"h 8 `€€EQ tt06HP ¨çlßâ °H°H°(#°(#âñFññ;ñ›ñ;ñà@  |àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÌÌà@¬ ¬ |àAT€KNOXVILLEˆÌÌÌÌÌMARGIE€FRADY,à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)€C/A€NO.Ð *Ú М03A01›„9803„CV„00097Ìâ °(#°(#°H°Hâà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà  àà ` àPlaintiff„Appellee,à À àà  à)Ð ¬\  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìandà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð X  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)ÌROBERT€EUGENE€FRADY,à h àà À àà  à)Ð °`  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)€APPEAL€AS€OF€RIGHT€FROM€THEÌà  àà ` àPlaintiff,à h àà À àà  à)€œBLEDSOE›€COUNTY€CIRCUIT€COURTÐ \  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìv.à  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð ÞŽ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)ÌJEFFREY€C.€LADD,à  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð  ¼ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)€HONORABLE€BUDDY€PERRY,Ìà  àà ` àDefendant„Appellant.à  à)€JUDGEÐ ¸!h ÐÌÌÌÌÌFor€Appellantà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à€€For€œAppellee›Ð ¼&l" ÐÌREBECCA€L.€HICKSà  àà h àà À àà  à€€HOWARD€L.€œUPCHURCH›Ð h($ МMcPheeters›€Law€Officesà h àà À àà  à€€œPikeville›,€TennesseeÐ >)î% ÐDayton,€TennesseeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ŸŸ$ìàÔ€ X¹ÊXXXÿÔÔ€  b X X¹ÊÔO€P€I€N€I€O€NÔ€  ^   bÔÔ€ XÿX  ^ԈР4Ì)2 ÐÌÌÌÌÌAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àœSusano›,€J.Ð  ˆ98/8 ÐÓÓÑ  Ñà  àà ` àThis€is€a€negligence€action€arising€out€of€a€two„¼vehicle,€head„on€collision€that€occurred€on€a€rural€road€inÏœBledsoe›€County€on€March€31,€1995.€€The€jury€found€the€defendant,ÏJeffrey€C.€Ladd,€100%€at€fault,€and€awarded€the€plaintiff,œ×ƒ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  כРT ÐMargie€Frady,€$52,078€in€compensatory€damages€for€her€personalÏinjuries.׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€defendant€appealed,€presenting€the€followingÐ ¬\  Ðissues€for€our€review:ÌÌÓÓà  àà8 ` à1.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€toÏset€aside€the€verdict€as€thirteenth€juror€in€thatÏthe€verdict€was€contrary€to€the€weight€of€theÏevidence.Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà  àà8 ` à2.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€toÏgrant€a€remittitur.Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà  àà8 ` à3.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€toÏgive€special€instructions€requested€by€theÏdefendant.Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌÌÌÓÓWe€affirm.ÌÌà@tt)ìàI.ˆÌÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€argues€two€concepts€in€his€first€issue.€ÏFirst,€he€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€refused€toÏset€aside€the€juryððs€verdict€because,€so€the€argument€goes,€theÏevidence€preponderates€against€the€juryððs€determination€that€theÏdefendant€was€100%€at€fault.€€In€addition,€the€defendant€callsÏour€attention€to€the€fact€that,€in€a€simultaneously„triedÐ p2 (0 Ðcompanion€case,€the€trial€court€did€set€aside€verdicts€againstÏthe€same€defendant,€and€contends€that€it€was€inconsistent€for€theÏtrial€court€to€approve€the€verdict€in€the€instant€case€whileÏsetting€aside€the€œverdicts€in€the€other€case.›ÌÌà@tt)ìàA.ˆÌÌà  àà ` àWith€respect€to€the€defendantððs€first€contention,€heÏurges€us€to€do€something€that€is€beyond€our€œauthority.›€€In€a€juryÏcase,€we€are€not€authorized€to€weigh€the€evidence€and€attempt€toÏjudge€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses.€€ò òòòœReynolds›€v.€Ozark€MotorÐ à ÐLines,€Incó óóó.,€887€S.W.2d€822,€823€(Tenn.€1994);€ò òòòœPoole›€v.€œKroger›Ð ¨X ÐCoó óóó.,€604€S.W.2d€52,€54€(Tenn.€1980).€€This€is€the€collective€roleÐ p  Ðof€the€12€individuals€who€serve€on€a€jury€in€any€given€case.€ÏOnce€the€jury€renders€its€verdict,€and€that€verdict€is€approvedÏby€the€trial€court,€our€review€is€limited€to€determining€whetherÏthere€is€material€evidence€in€the€record€to€support€the€verdict.€ÏRule€13(d),€T.R.A.P.;€ò òòòœReynolds›ó óóó,€887€S.W.2d€at€823.€€In€theÐ Ø&ˆ" Ðinstant€case,€our€review€of€the€record€persuades€us€that€there€isÏmaterial€evidence€in€the€record€which,€if€œaccredited,›€supportsÏœthe›€conclusion€that€the€sole€cause€of€this€accident€was€theÏdefendantððs€negligence.€€œTherefore,€the›€juryððs€verdict€œñ9ññ8ñAS€TOñ8ññ9ññ:ñas€toÏliability€ñ:ñcannot€be€successfulñ7ñlyñ7ñ›€œassailed›€on€the€facts.ÌÌà@tt)ìàB.ˆÌÌà  àà ` àThe€plaintiffððs€suit€in€the€instant€case€wasÏconsolidated€for€trial€with€a€joint€suit€for€damages€arising€outÏof€the€injuries€sustained€by€two€minors€who€were€riding€as€guestÐ 09à.8 Ðpassengers€in€the€defendantððs€vehicle.€€The€latter€suit€was€filedÏagainst€œFrady›€as€well€as€œLadd.›€€In€both€cases€„„€the€instant€caseÏas€well€as€the€companion€case€„„€the€jury€found€the€defendantÏLadd€100%€at€fault.€€In€the€suit€arising€out€of€the€guestÏpassengersðð€injuries,€the€trial€court€granted€those€plaintiffs€aÏnew€trial,€òòbut€on€the€issue€of€damages€onlyóó.€€In€so€doing,€theÐ ˜H  Ðtrial€court€expressed€its€disapproval€of€œthe€juryððs€decision›€thatÏhad€awarded€the€parents€of€the€passengers€the€full€amount€of€œthe›Ïstipulated€medical€expenses,€but€had€refused€to€award€the€minorÏpassengers€any€recovery.€€The€trial€court€apparently€concludedÏthat€the€verdicts€in€the€companion€case€were€inconsistent;€henceÏthe€new€trial€on€the€issue€of€damages.ÌÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€in€the€instant€case€argues€that€the€trialÏcourt€acted€inconsistently€when€it€approved€the€verdict€in€theÏinstant€case,€but€disapproved€the€verdicts€in€the€companion€case.€ÏThe€defendant€relies€upon€the€cases€of€ò òòòœSlaten›€v.€Earl€CampbellÐ è$˜  ÐClinicó óóó,€565€S.W.2d€483€(Tenn.€œ1978),›€and€ò òòòœMilliken›€v.€Smithó óóó,€405Ð °&`" ÐS.W.2d€475€(Tenn.€1966).€€These€cases€stand€for€the€propositionÏthat€ð ðthere€must€be€consistency€in€verdicts€in€consolidatedÏcases.ðð€€ò òòòIdó óóó.€at€477.Ð È+x!( ÐÌà  àà ` àThere€is€no€inconsistency€in€the€juryððs€determination,Ïòòin€both€of€the€casesóó,€that€the€defendant€Ladd€was€100%€at€œfault.›€Ð à0&. ÐThe€trial€court€did€not€act€in€an€inconsistent€manner€byÏapproving€the€juryððs€liability€and€damages€determination€in€oneÏcase€while€only€approving€œits›€liability€determination€in€theÏother€case.€€The€damages€to€which€any€one€of€the€plaintiffs€wasÏentitled€was€based€on€evidence€totally€unrelated€to€the€evidenceÐ @9ð.8 Ðupon€which€the€other€plaintiffsðð€awards€must€be€evaluated.€€TheÏtrial€court€obviously€approved€of€the€amount€of€damages€awardedÏto€the€plaintiff€Frady,€but€did€not€approve€of€the€other€awardsÏof€damages.€€This€being€the€case,€the€trial€court€actedÏappropriately€in€approving€one€verdict€while€disapproving€theÏother€verdicts.ÌÌà  àà ` àThe€defendantððs€first€issue€is€found€to€be€withoutÏmerit.ÌÌà@88)ìàII.ˆÌÌà  àà ` àThe€plaintiff€claims€œthat€the›€juryððs€verdict€of€$52,078Ïfor€the€plaintiffððs€personal€injuries€is€excessive.€€We€disagree.ÌÌà  àà ` àOur€task€with€respect€to€this€issue€is€clear.€€We€ð ðareÏrequired€to€take€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€all€theÏevidence,€including€all€reasonable€inferences€therefrom,€toÏsustain€the€verdict;€to€assume€the€truth€of€all€the€evidence€thatÏsupports€it;€and€to€discard€all€evidence€to€the€contrary.ðð€Ïò òòòMiller€v.€Williamsó óóó,€970€S.W.2d€497,€498€(Tenn.App.€1998).€€òòSeeÐ p+ !( Ðalso€ò òœPoole›€v.€œKroger›€Coó óóó.,€604€S.W.2d€at€54€(Tenn.€1980);€ò òòòCity€ofÐ 8-è"* ÐColumbia€v.€œLentz›ó óóó,€282€S.W.2d€787,€790€(Tenn.App.€1955).Ð /°$, ÐÌà  àà ` àAt€the€time€of€the€trial€below,€the€plaintiff€was€43Ïyears€old.€€She€then€had€a€life€expectancy€of€35.35€years.€€SheÏtestified€that€she€had€no€recollection€of€the€impact€of€the€twoÏvehicles.€€She€stated€that€when€she€woke€up€at€the€emergency€roomÏof€the€local€hospital,€she€was€hurting€in€her€back€and€feltÐ 9À.8 Ðð ðachyðð€all€over€her€body.€€When€she€opened€her€eyes,€she€saw€twoÏimages€of€Dr.€Charles€œBownds›,€her€family€œphysician.€€Dr.›€BowndsÏordered€that€she€be€transported€by€helicopter€to€œErlanger›€MedicalÏCenter€in€Chattanooga,€where€she€was€treated€for€a€concussion.ÌÌà  àà ` àThe€next€day,€the€plaintiff€continued€to€œsuffer€fromÏstiffness,€soreness,€and€double€vision.›€€She€began€having€intenseÏheadaches.€€She€received€several€stitches€in€her€forehead€œwhich›Ïultimately€left€a€scar.€€She€testified€that€she€continues€to€haveÏsharp,€stabbing€pain€in€her€head€that€bothers€her€two€or€threeÏtimes€a€week.€€She€had€never€experienced€such€pain€prior€to€theÏaccident.ÌÌà  àà ` àFrom€the€moment€she€awoke€following€this€accident,€theÏplaintiff€had€double€vision.€€She€testified€that€upon€releaseÏfrom€the€hospital,€she€continued€to€be€disoriented€from€theÏdouble€vision€and€walked€by€shuffling€her€feet€and€holding€ontoÏobjects.€€Dr.€Bownds€referred€her€to€Dr.€Kenneth€Wayne€Nix,€anÏoptometrist,€who€attempted€to€correct€the€double€vision€withÏthick€prism„œlensed›€œglasses.€€This€treatment€was€unsuccessful,Ïhowever,€and€the€plaintiff€subsequently€underwent€surgery€by€anÏopthalmologist€on€two€occasions€in€an€attempt›€to€correct€herÏdouble€vision.ÌÌà  àà ` àThe€plaintiff€continues€to€have€visual€difficulties.€ÏœWhen€looking€straight€ahead,€she€must€tilt€her€head€to€avoidÏseeing›€double.€€She€also€experiences€problems€when€looking€down.€ÏAs€a€result,€she€no€longer€drives€unless€she€absolutely€has€œto,›Ïand€she€no€longer€reads€as€much€as€she€did€prior€to€thisÏaccident.€€Although€she€returned€to€work€within€two€weeks€of€theÐ X:0: Ðaccident,€she€finally€resigned€her€job€because€she€was€makingÏerrors€due€to€her€œfaulty€eyesight.›ÌÌà  àà ` àIn€addition€to€these€vision€problems,€the€plaintiffÏtestified€that€she€suffers€continuing€pain€in€her€low€back.€€SheÏtestified€that€her€low€back€was€hurting€in€the€emergency€roomÏimmediately€following€the€accident.€€She€testified€that€she€hadÏnot€had€low€back€problems€before€the€accident.€€She€now€has€backÏpain€that€begins€in€the€middle€of€her€back€and€radiates€into€herÏleft€hip€and€leg.€€She€stated€that€it€is€rare€for€her€to€have€aÏday€without€back€pain.ÌÌà  àà ` àThe€plaintiff€testified€that€her€injuries€have€impactedÏher€daily€life€in€many€ways.€€She€no€longer€does€as€muchÏhousework€or€œyardwork›€as€before€the€œaccident,›€and€she€no€longerÏhelps€her€husband€in€the€dairy€barn.€€She€continues€to€seekÏemergency€room€treatment€from€time€to€time€for€the€pain€in€herÏback.€€Her€recreation€and€social€life€have€been€impacted€as€aÏresult€of€this€collision.ÌÌà  àà ` àThe€plaintiffððs€œhusband›€testified€that€he€witnessed€theÏcollision.€€He€and€his€wife€were€heading€home,€in€separate€cars,Ïfrom€the€dairy€barn€where€he€worked.€€He€testified€that€the€forceÏof€the€head„on€collisionœ×ƒ×Ý ƒ %ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€spun€his€wifeððs€car€completely€aroundÐ h0&. Ðand€moved€it€some€fifty€feet€from€the€point€of€impact.€€HeÏâ âtestified€that€his€wife€was€unconscious€and€had€a€gash€on€herÐ ¸3h)2 Ðhead€with€blood€gushing€out.€€He€called€an€ambulance€to€take€herÏto€the€hospital.Ìâ âÌà  àà ` àMr.€Frady€testified€that€since€the€accident,€his€wifeÏis€not€œable›€to€do€œmuch€of€anything›€around€the€house€and€thatÏtheir€social€life€has€totally€changed.€€They€no€longer€haveÏfriends€œover›€or€entertain€as€œmuch€as€they€did€before€theÏaccident.›€€Mr.€Frady€now€does€most€of€the€cooking€and€housework.€ÏHe€testified€that€a€drastic€change€has€occurred€in€their€maritalÏrelations€since€the€accident€and€that€his€wife€did€not€enjoy€aÏvacation€that€they€had€recently€taken.€€He€testified€thatÏeverything€they€did€around€the€house€had€changed€since€theÏaccident.ÌÌà  àà ` àThe€plaintiffððs€treating€physician,€Dr.€œBownds›,Ïtestified€by€deposition.€€He€stated€that€the€plaintiff€had€a€lowÏlumbar€œstrain›€with€a€compressed€disc€and€left€lumbar€pain.€€OnÏcross„examination,€he€was€asked€if€the€plaintiffððs€low€backÏcondition€was€caused€by€the€accident.€€He€responded€as€follows:ÌÌÓÓà  àà8 ` àœQ€›€There€was€nothing€„„€thereððs€nothing€that€wouldÏlead€you€to€attribute€this€low„back€pain€to€thisÏaccident;€is€there,€Doctor?Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà  àà8 ` àA€œ€Well,›€the€fact€that€the€accident€was€veryÏtraumatic€could€make€you€think€that€if€she€had€anyÏreasons€to€have€a€back€problem,€backing€up€to€tryÏto€figure€out€what€would€have€caused€it,€and€thisÏis€the€traumatic€thing€that€happened€in€her€lifeÏrecently€that€could€have€caused€some€back€pain.Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌÌÌÓÓIn€our€judgment,€this€opinion,€while€somewhat€inarticulatelyÏœstated,›€œexpresses€the€doctorððs›€opinion€that€the€accident€was€theÏcause€of€the€plaintiffððs€back€injury.€€òòœCf›.€€ò òAct„O„Lane€GasÐ „94/9 ÐService€Co.€v.€Halló óóó,€248€S.W.2d€398,€404€(Tenn.App.€1951).€€œDr.›Ð P  МBownds›€testified€that€the€plaintiffððs€back€problems€œare€permanentÏin€nature.›ÌÌà  àà ` àThe€trial€court€also€received€the€testimony€of€Dr.€Nix,Ïa€board€certified€optometrist.€€Without€objection,€Dr.€NixÏtestified€as€to€the€plaintiffððs€problems€with€double€vision.€€HeÏtestified€that€the€blow€to€the€plaintiffððs€head€had€damaged€aÏnerve€on€the€left€œside,›€resulting€in€a€muscle€not€functioningÏproperly.€€He€stated€that€the€plaintiff€had€twice€had€surgery€toÏcorrect€her€vision€problems,€and€that€while€the€double€visionÏcondition€had€been€substantially€corrected,€her€present€conditionÏrequires€that€she€make€an€adjustment€when€viewing€things€at€closeÏrange:ÌÌÔ‡XâXX XâÔÓÓà  àà8 ` à...€and€she€has€mild€limitation€with€the€head€tiltÐ H#ø Ðdown,€but€that€could€be€overcome€with€just€mereÏpractice€in€moving€her€head€about.Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌÌÌÓ¸>ÓDr.€Nix€testified€that€her€present€œeye€problem›€is€permanent€inÏnature.ÌÌà  àà ` àThe€plaintiffððs€medical€expenses׃×Ý ƒ %ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€were€stipulated€to€beÐ 8-è"* Ð$1,790.€€This€does€not€include€the€cost€of€the€helicopterÏtransportation€to€œErlanger›€Hospital€in€Chattanooga,€which€wasÏestimated€to€be€between€$2,000€and€$3,000.€€The€plaintiff€claimedÏ$288€in€lost€wages.Ìâ âÐ €50+4 ÐÔ#† XâXXXâ™>#ÔÔ‡XâXX XâÔà  àà ` àIn€this€case,€we€must€decide€if€the€record€containsÏâ âð ðmaterial€evidence€to€support€the€[juryððs]€verdict.ðð€€Rule€13(d),ÏT.R.A.P.;€òòò òÔ#† XâXXXâÀA#ÔÔ‡XâXX XâÔœCoffey›€v.€œFayette›€Tubular€Productsóóó ó,€929€S.W.2d€326,€331Ð   P Ðn.2€(Tenn.€1996)Ô#† XâXXXâ³B#ÔÔ‡XâXX XâÔ;€òòò òÔ#† XâXXXâ[C#ÔÔ‡XâXX XâÔœPoole›óóó ó,€604€S.W.2d€at€54;Ô#† XâXXXâ¥C#ÔÔ‡XâXX XâÔ€ò òòòœPettus›€v.€œHurst›óóó ó,€882Ð h ÐS.W.2d€783,€788€(Tenn.App.€1993);€ò òòòBenson€v.€Tennessee€ValleyÐ 0à МElec›.€Coop.óóó ó,€868€S.W.2d€630,€640€(Tenn.App.€1993).Ð ø¨  ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€ò òòòFoster€v.€œAmcon›€œIntððl›,€Incó óóó.,€621€S.W.2d€142€(Tenn.Ð h  Ð1981),€the€Supreme€Court€said€thatÌÌÓÓà  àà8 ` à[a]€reasoned€examination€of€the€credible€proof€ofÏdamages€leads€to€a€determination€of€the€figureÏbeyond€which€excessiveness€or€inadequacy€lies€andÏbeyond€which€there€is€no€evidence,€upon€anyÏreasonable€view€of€the€case,€to€support€theÏverdict.Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌÓÓÌòòò òId.óóó ó€at€146.€€In€reviewing€the€adequacy€of€the€juryððs€award,€weÐ ô"¤ Ðnote€thatÌÌÓÓà  àà8 ` à[the€determination€of]€the€amount€of€compensationÏin€a€personal€injury€case€is€primarily€for€theÏjury,€and€that€next€to€the€jury,€the€mostÏcompetent€person€to€pass€on€the€matter€is€theÏtrial€judge€who€presided€at€the€trial€and€heardÏthe€evidence.Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌÓÓò òòòÌId.óóó ó€at€143„44;€ò òòòœCoffey›óóó ó,€929€S.W.2d€at€331€n.2.€€Ð  /P%, ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€effect€of€a€trial€courtððs€approval€of€the€amount€ofÏa€jury€award€is€clear:ÌÌÓÓà  àà8 ` à...€the€trial€judgeððs€approval€of€the€amount€ofÏthe€juryððs€verdict€invokes€the€material€evidenceÏrule,€just€as€it€does€with€respect€to€all€otherÐ °9`/8 Ðfactual€issues€upon€which€appellate€review€isÏsought....Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà@XX%ìà*€€€€*€€€€*ˆÌÌà  àà8 ` àð ð[œa]ll›€of€the€evidence€in€the€record€that€tends€toÏsupport€the€amount€of€the€verdict€should€be€givenÏfull€faith€and€credit€upon€appellate€review.ððÐ ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌÓÓÌò òòòœPoole›óóó ó,€604€S.W.2d€at€54€(citing€òòò òEllis€v.€White€FreightlinerÐ l  ÐCorp.ó óóó,€603€S.W.2d€125€(Tenn.€1980)).Ð 4ä  ÐÌà  àà ` àWe€recognize€that€there€is€evidence€in€the€recordÏmilitating€against€the€œñ-ñamount€of€the€ñ-ñplaintiffððs›€award;€but€sinceÏthis€evidence€is€ð ðcontraryðð€to€the€verdict,€we€are€required€toÏignore€it.€€òòSee€ò òMilleró óóó,€970€S.W.2d€at€498.Ð œL ÐÌÔ#† XâXXXâD#Ôà  àà ` àœñ.ñWhen€we€ignore€the€ð ðcontraryðð€evidence,€wñ.ññ/ñWñ/ñe›€cannot€sayÐ  !¼ Ðthat€there€is€no€material€evidence€to€support€the€verdict€ofÏ$52,078€in€compensatory€œdamages.ñ0ñ€€While€the€plaintiffððs€medicalÏspecials€and€lost€wages€are€low€in€relation€to€the€juryððs€award,Ïthis€is€only€one€part€of€the€damages€equation.ñ0ñ›€€The€jury€wasÏjustified€in€finding€that€the€plaintiff€had€suffered€œñ1ñsignificantÏñ1ñhead›€and€œback›€injuries€resulting€in€permanent€impairment.€€ThereÏwas€evidence€that€these€impairments€substantially€impact€theÏquality€of€œñ2ñherñ2ññ3ñthe›€plaintiffððsñ3ñ›€life.€€When€all€of€this€is€taken€intoÏconsideration,€we€find€material€evidence€to€support€the€award.ÌÌà@üü(ìàIII.ˆÌÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€itÏrefused€certain€special€instructions€submitted€by€him.ÌÐ ä9”/9 Ðà  àà ` àWe€review€the€jury€charge€in€its€entirety€and€as€aÏwhole€to€determine€whether€the€trial€judge€committed€reversibleÏerror.€€ò òòòOtis€v.€Cambridge€œMut›.€Fire€œIns›.€Coó óóó.,€850€S.W.2d€439,€446Ð   P Ð(Tenn.€1992);€ò òòòIn€re€Estate€of€Elamó óóó,€738€S.W.2d€169,€174€(Tenn.Ð h Ð1987);€ò òòòœGrissom›€v.€Metropolitan€œGovððt›€of€Nashvilleó óóó,€817€S.W.2dÐ 0à Ð679,€685€(Tenn.App.€1991).€€We€will€not€invalidate€a€charge€if€itÏð ðfairly€defines€the€legal€issues€involved€in€the€case€and€doesÏnot€mislead€the€jury.ðð€€ò òòòOtisó óóó,€850€S.W.2d€at€446;€ò òòòœGrissom›ó óóó,€817Ð Hø  ÐS.W.2d€at€685.€€Further,€it€is€not€error€for€a€trial€court€toÏdeny€a€requested€instruction€if€its€substance€has€already€beenÏincluded€in€other€portions€of€the€charge.€€ò òòòOtisó óóó,€850€S.W.2d€atÐ ` Ð445;€ò òòòMitchell€v.€Smithó óóó,€779€S.W.2d€384,€390€(Tenn.App.€1989).€Ð (Ø Ðð ðWhere€the€court€correctly€charges€the€law€applicable€to€theÏcase,€it€is€not€error€to€deny€a€special€request€that€embodies€aÏtheory€of€a€party€if€the€court€charges€in€general€terms€and€withÏclearness€sound€propositions€of€law€which€would€guide€the€jury€inÏreaching€a€correct€decision€in€the€case.ðð€€ò òòòOtisó óóó,€850€S.W.2d€atÐ %@  Ð445.€€We€will€not€reverse€a€trial€court€unless€the€failure€toÏgive€a€requested€charge€ð ðmore€probably€than€notðð€affected€theÏjudgment.€€T.R.A.P.€36(b).€€òòSee€ò òœDeRossett›€v.€œMalone›ó óóó,€239€S.W.2dÐ ¨*X & Ð366,€378€(Tenn.App.€1950).ÌÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committedÏreversible€error€when€it€failed€to€œñ4ñreadñ4ññ5ñgrantñ5ñ›€his€requestedÏœinstructionsñ6ñ€to€the€juryñ6ñ.›€€In€particular,€œhe›€cites€threeÏrequested€jury€instructions€as€critical€to€the€issue€ofÏliability:€an€instruction€on€sudden€emergency;€an€instruction€onÏskidding;€and€an€instruction€on€the€testimony€of€a€witness€whoÏlooks€and€does€not€see€what€was€plainly€visible.Ð °9`/8 Їà  àà ` àIn€its€charge€to€the€jury,€the€trial€court€properlyÏinstructed€the€jury€on€the€doctrine€of€comparative€fault.€€TheÏsudden€emergency€doctrine€ð ðno€longer€constitutes€a€defense€as€aÏmatter€of€law€but,€if€at€issue,€must€be€considered€as€a€factor€inÏthe€total€comparative€fault€analysis.ðð€€ò òòòMcCall€v.€Wilderó óóó,€913Ð ð  ÐS.W.2d€150,€157€(Tenn.€1995).€€In€addition,€the€trial€courtÏincluded€a€number€of€common€law€and€statutory€violations€of€theÏrules€of€the€road€in€œits›€charge€to€the€jury,€including€keeping€aÏproper€lookout;€keeping€a€vehicle€under€control;€and€yielding€theÏright„of„way€to€approaching€traffic.€€A€careful€analysis€of€theÏcourtððs€charge€to€the€jury€indicates€that€the€œrequested›€specialÏjury€instructions€relating€to€liability€were€included€in€otherÏportions€of€the€charge.€€As€such,€the€trial€court€did€not€err€inÏdenying€these€instructions.€€ò òòòOtisó óóó,€850€S.W.2d€at€445.Ð ø¨ ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€addition,€the€trial€court€denied€the€defendantððsÏrequest€for€instructions€regarding€expert€testimony,€medicalÏexpenses,€and€the€course€of€travel€of€automobiles€after€aÏcollision.€€Again,€we€find€no€error€in€the€trial€courtððs€chargeÏto€the€jury.€€The€trial€courtððs€instructions€were€ð ðin€generalÏterms€and€with€clearness€sound€propositions€of€law€which€wouldÏguide€the€jury€in€reaching€a€correct€decision€in€the€case.ðð€Ïò òòòOtisó óóó,€850€S.W.2d€at€445.€€The€trial€court€did€not€err€in€denyingÐ /°$, Ðthese€requested€jury€instructions.ÌÌà@88)ìàIV.ˆÌÌà  àà ` àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€Costs€onÏappeal€are€taxed€against€the€appellant.€€This€case€is€remanded€toÐ 9À.8 Ðthe€trial€court€for€enforcement€of€the€judgment€and€forÏcollection€of€costs€assessed€below,€all€pursuant€to€applicableÏlaw.ÌÌÓÓà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à__________________________Ìà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àCharles€D.€œSusano›,€Jr.,€J.ÌÌœÌCONCUR:›ÌÌÌÌ_______________________ÌœHerschel›€P.€Franks,€J.ÌÌÌÌ_______________________ÌWilliam€H.€œInman›,€œSr.J.›