ÿWPCï ·Rs™¨Äÿûb´{œö‰t™’Ù÷Mÿ»·–“þ‹âU­Øï¶ð_­ªï8tuœñŒ€.]šI…„6º®Ìô÷YxãYš%r6 PQ/„ŸÈáÙ³&ŒäN“ ¼¢Ö( |õÓåKÅkVQÞsØï ¶{ýÔÜžìÞrx+nm o[à’IW/6¶I£áDy·Ú‚.€Ÿ`&sW/ÏÏãë¼ê!Þ¼Qg¶µmZ±)ûž"Cõš£*¸A3L{®úrÏà5)'éÉŽºï’í^¥‡G{„N Äaà³¢ŸÔm3ýaeQá¢U@“þìlBÕGÖ¡Ñë#}· ¦ü!™³4NËy]ú \í}Œ‘É]ÛÙŸc¤Þ÷±¢¾úX¡š^‘G§5møÂÎìøæ8V±'Ž%¸Ðæoœ^1‰ ªÊwAÔZÑçL€Ò°’ K´BQÀ`¸-¤Fñ²îܽŽtµ–™‚Ìc)×o4VŠßG³¾Nçj5æÆV¾»‚uVVjÜ™o[øY˜7üu²ûe??ëá_ó:Ìq×Ü ³ ÅÔž~‹"R,>Õ;G„â­È=¯Š¦¸pöuü¨ÆSÌŧ®uÓ•`@|¢„ëÇÍd~bU N\ %ª 0ˆ°#Á8 Œù Ú… ^ _ zk Òå V· ¹ m» wÒ ÆÖ Æœ ÆbÆ(4îN  & E022 bA ^£ 0D EM U ] e m u } …  C—  ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚbääääääääääääääääääääääääääääääääääää 0ëìììì B×× 0¤ô D3˜ D-Ë 0Køø ASCÆ– 0¤\ 0D A«D(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular»(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó˜HP LaserJet 4Si,ü,,,,,ü0˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\CUSTOM~1\OPINION3.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\Custom WP Templates\opinion3.wptL—ÿ(L  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿU‹ÿÀÀÀLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ö~ì(´¥¡H\Opinion Summary3|x?\Appellants Attorney Name & Appellant's Name.?\Appellees Attorney Name & Appellee's Name.(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó1 345678910 9Ý ƒRõ‰$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€X¢òX»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€ôÜí òXX¢òÔ€The€DNA€test€indicates€a€€99.94%€probability€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMaconiÔ_Ô€is€the€father€of€Jill€Ô_ÔFreethyÔ_Ô.12- ù-(|G2õ‰$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€´•»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€X¢òX»»Ô d(|3Á $££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€´•»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Á $¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€´•»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€´•»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑTRY,3Ø' LetterXà3Ø' Letter 3Ø' Letterÿ3Ø'TÑÑ` °ÑÔ€¼´•»»»ÔÔ‡¼´•»»¼´•Ôà  àà ` àÔ#†¼´•»»¼´• #ÔÔ‡îé´•Ôà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àÔ#†¼´•»îîéf#ÔÔ‡îé´•Ôà Ð àà@ü ü ìàIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ `  Ðà@kk$ìàAT€ò òó óNASHVILLEÔ#†¼´•»îîé#ÔÔ€¼´•»»¼´•ÔÔ‡¼´•»»¼´•ԈРŒ , ÐÔ#†¼´•»»¼´•ñ#ÔÓ  ÓÔ‡¼´•»»¼´•ÔJune€2000€SessionÔ#†¼´•»»¼´•U#ÔÔ‡X¢òX»¼´•ÔÐ ¸ X ÐÌÓIÓò òÔ#†¼´•»XX¢ò¨#ÔÔ‡¼´•»»¼´•ÔÔ% ‡ ÔÓ  ÓJILL€MARIE€Ô_ÔFREETHYÔ_ÔÔ%†2Ôòòóó€v.€STEVEN€Ô_ÔMACONIÔ_ÔÔ#†¼´•»»¼´•#ÔÔ‡X¢òX»¼´•Ôó óÐ À ` ÐÓ?ÓÌà@##ìàò òInterlocutoryÔ% ‡ ÔÔ%†RÔ€Appeal€from€the€Ô% ‡ ÔCircuit€Court,€Juvenile€Division,€Ô%†Ôfor€MontgomeryÔ% ‡ Ô€Ô%† ÏÔCountyˆÐ Èh Ðà@g g ìàNo.€Ô% ‡! Ô90„180Ô%†! Ô€€€€€€Ô% ‡" ÔRaymond€Grimes,€JudgeÔ%†"JԈР¸X ÐÌÌà@ìì*ìàßA€V)` d©2E` A߈Ìà@@ @ ìàNo.€M2000„00107„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R9„CVÔ% ‡# ÔÔ%†#5Ô€„€Filed€July€31,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ԈРx  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<W` AßÐ Xø  Ðó óÌThis€Rule€9€interlocutory€appeal€consists€of€the€singular€issue€of€whether€Ô% ‡ ÔÔ%†E ÔSteven€Ô_ÔMaconiÔ_Ô€hasÐ W÷  Ðsufficient€minimum€contacts€with€the€state€of€Tennessee€for€it€to€exercise€personal€jurisdiction€overÐ Gç Ðhim,€thus€requiring€him€to€defend€a€€paternity€action€brought€in€Tennessee.€€The€Trial€Court€held€thatÐ 7× ÐMr.€Ô_ÔMaconiÔ_Ô€had€sufficient€minimum€contacts€with€the€state€of€Tennessee,€and€thus,€it€could€exerciseÐ 'Ç Ðpersonal€jurisdiction€over€him.€€We€reverse€the€finding€of€the€Trial€Court€and€hold€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔMaconiÔ_ÔÐ · Ðdoes€not€have€sufficient€minimum€contacts€with€the€state€of€Tennessee€for€it€to€exercise€personalÐ § Ðjurisdiction€over€him.Ð ÷— ÐÌò òÔ% ‡$ ÔÓ  ÓTenn.€R.€App.€P.€9€Interlocutory€AppealÔ%†$s Ô;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Reversed,Ð ×w ÐDismissed€and€RemandedÔ% ‡% ÔÔ%†% Ôó óÐ Çg ÐÓ€ ÓÌòòHouston€M.€Ô_ÔGoddardÔ_ÔÔ#†¼´•»àX¢òè#ÔÔ‡X¢òX.¼´•Ô,óó€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ô,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòHerschel€P.€óóFòòranksóó€andÐ §!G ÐòòCharles€D.€óóSòòusanoóó,€òòJr.,óó€JJ.òòÔ% ‡' ÔòòóóÔ%†'•Ôóó,€joined.Ð —"7 ÐÌÔ% ‡ ÔDeborah€S.€Evans,€Clarksville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Steven€Ô_ÔMaconiÔ_Ô.Ô%†ÛÔÐ w$ ÐÌÔ% ‡ ÔÔ%†zÔVanessa€Saenz€and€Roland€Robert€Ô_ÔLenardÔ_Ô,€Clarksville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellee,€Jill€MarieÐ W&÷ ÐÔ_ÔFreethyÔ_Ô.Ð G'ç  ÐÌà@55'ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼´•»XX¢ò· #ÔòòòòóóóóÔ‡X¢òX»¼´•ԈР')Ç" ÐÔ#†¼´•»XX¢òµ#ÔÔ% € ÔÔ€X¢òX»¼´•ÔÌà  àà ` àSteven€Ô_ÔMaconiÔ_Ô,€the€Appellant,€is€before€this€Court€pursuant€to€an€interlocutory€appealÐ +§!$ Ðunder€Rule€9€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure.€€His€only€issue,€which€we€restate,€isÐ ÷+—"% Ðwhether€his€capacity€as€a€licensed€stockbroker€in€Tennessee€prior€to€1998€constitutes€sufficientÐ ç,‡#& Ðminimum€contacts€that€he€should€be€required€to€defend€a€paternity€suit€brought€in€Tennessee.€€TheÐ ×-w$'ýŽ ÐÔ_ÔTrial€Court€did€not€hear€any€oral€testimony,€but€relied€on€affidavits€and€interrogatories.Ð `  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àÌÌà  àà ` àWe€hold€that€Mr.€Maconi€does€not€have€sufficient€minimum€contacts€with€the€stateÐ 0 Ð Ðof€Tennessee€for€it€to€exercise€personal€jurisdiction€over€him.€€Therefore,€we€vacate€the€findings€ofÐ  À Ðthe€Trial€Court€and€remand€for€further€proceedings,€if€any,€consistent€with€this€opinion.Ð ° ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àÌÌà  àà ` àMr.€Maconi€and€Donna€Freethy,€Jill€Freethy's€mother,€admit€that€they€had€a€briefÐ Ðp  Ðrelationship€during€the€summer€of€1980€in€New€Jersey.€€€Although€Donna€Freethy€was€married€atÐ À`  Ðthe€time,€she€contends€that€Mr.€Maconi€is€the€father€of€€her€daughter,€Jill€Freethy,€who€was€born€onÐ °P  ÐMarch€27,€1981.€€€Donna€Freethy€maintains€that€after€she€told€Mr.€Maconi€that€she€was€pregnant,Ð  @  Ðhe€moved€to€Pennsylvania€and€has€never€taken€any€responsibility€for€Jill€Freethy.€€According€toÐ 0  ÐDonna€Freethy,€she€and€Mr.€Maconi€had€a€short€relationship€in€1982,€and€then€in€1993,€she€movedÐ €  Ðto€Clarksville,€Tennessee.€€She€asserts€that€in€November€1998€she€initiated€telephone€contact€withÐ p ÐMr.€Maconi€regarding€Jill€Freethy.€€Donna€Freethy€contends€that€she€has€"exchanged€numerousÐ ` Ðtelephone€calls€and€photographs€of€Jill€with€Mr.€Maconi€since€[she€has]€been€a€resident€ofÐ Pð ÐMontgomery€County,€TN."€€€€Donna€Freethy€further€argues€that€"[i]n€one€of€our€conversations€Mr.Ð @à ÐMaconi€admitted€to€me€that€as€a€Merrill€Lynch€Stock€Broker€he€has€numerous€clients€in€the€StateÐ 0Ð Ðof€Tennessee€and€conducts€business€with€residents€of€this€State."€Ð  À Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àÌÌà  àà ` àWhile€Mr.€Maconi€does€not€dispute€the€existence€of€a€relationship€with€Ms.€FreethyÐ ð Ðin€1980,€he€has€denied€through€the€years€that€he€is€the€father€of€Jill€Freethy.€€He€contends€that€heÐ à€ Ðterminated€his€relationship€with€Donna€Freethy€when€he€learned€that€she€was€married,€and€heÐ Ð p Ðmaintains€that€he€did€not€believe€that€he€was€the€father€of€Jill€Freethy€because€Donna€Freethy'sÐ À!` Ðhusband€had€returned€home€from€his€work€in€construction€overseas.€€Ð °"P ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àMr.€Maconi€maintains€that€he€has€never€initiated€any€telephone€contact€with€JillÐ p& ÐFreethy€or€Donna€Freethy.€€Mr.€Maconi€does€state€that€he€called€Donna€Freethy€when€he€wasÐ `'  Ðnotified€of€the€paternity€suit€against€him€and€that€they€spoke€for€approximately€one€minute.€€Mr.Ð P(ð! ÐMaconi€contends€that€Donna€Freethy's€"infrequent€telephone€calls€would€sometimes€span€a€periodÐ @)à" Ðof€years€in€between€them."€€Moreover,€Mr.€Maconi€asserts€that€he€has€never€exchanged€photographsÐ 0*Ð # Ðwith€Donna€Freethy€and€that€he€has€never€visited€the€state€of€Tennessee€to€see€Donna€Freethy.€€€HisÐ  +À!$ Ðonly€visit€to€the€state€of€Tennessee€was€approximately€ten€years€ago€for€a€family€reunion€at€a€rentalÐ ,°"% Ðhome€in€Pigeon€Forge,€Tennessee.Ð `  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àÌÌà  àà ` àMr.€Maconi€argues€that€he€has€never€visited€Tennessee€to€conduct€any€personal€orÐ 0 Ð Ðprofessional€business.€€He€explains€that€as€a€stockbroker€with€Merrill€Lynch,€he€is€"sometimesÐ  À Ðrequired€.€.€.€to€receive€client€accounts€when€another€broker€leaves€Merrill€Lynch€or€retires."€€HeÐ ° Ðnotes€that€he€had€at€one€time€seven€accounts€in€Tennessee:€four€of€these€were€clients€that€hadÐ   Ðlived/worked€in€the€New€Jersey€and€Delaware€area€and€who€relocated€to€Tennessee€upon€retirement,Ð ð Ðtwo€of€the€clients€were€referrals€by€DuPont€in€Delaware,€and€one€client€was€received€from€a€retiringÐ à€ Ðbroker.€€Mr.€Maconi€asserts€that€these€accounts€were€not€obtained€as€a€result€of€soliciting€businessÐ Ðp  Ðin€the€state€of€Tennessee.€€He€adds€that€he€does€a€significant€amount€of€work€on€the€DuPont€account.Ð À`  ÐHe€notes€that€"[t]he€temporary€assignment€of€these€accounts€to€me€primarily€consisted€of€generalÐ °P  Ðadvice€to€these€clients€over€the€phone."€€€€Mr.€Maconi€denies€ever€telling€Donna€Freethy€that€he€hadÐ  @  Ðnumerous€clients€in€Tennessee.Ð 0  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àÌÌà  àà ` àRegarding€the€DNA€test€which€was€obtained€to€determine€Jill€Freethy's€paternity€andÐ Pð Ðwhich€was€analyzed€by€a€laboratory€in€Tennessee,€Mr.€Maconi€asserts€that€he€never€entered€into€aÐ @à Ðcontract€for€such€services€in€Tennessee.€€He€claims€that€he€"was€told€that€Jill€Freethy€had€a€seriousÐ 0Ð Ðinjury€as€a€result€of€an€automobile€accident€and€it€was€necessary€that€[he]€undergo€the€DNA€test€inÐ  À Ðorder€that€proper€family€medical€records€could€be€compiled,€therefore,€[he]€agreed€to€the€tests.€.€.€.Ð ° ÐMrs.€Freethy€lead€me€to€believe€that€the€only€purpose€for€this€testing€was€to€acquire€informationÐ   Ðregarding€medical€history€since€her€daughter€had€been€in€an€accident."€€Mr.€Maconi€states€that€theÐ ð Ðtest€was€administered€in€Wilmington,€Delaware.€€He€further€states€that€he€had€contacted€a€laboratoryÐ à€ Ðin€North€Carolina€to€conduct€the€DNA€test,€but€was€informed€that€Genetic€Assays,€which€is€locatedÐ Ð p Ðin€Tennessee,€€had€been€contacted€by€Donna€Freethy€and€that€"they€were€quick,€readily€available,Ð À!` Ðand€relatively€inexpensive."׃&×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€€Mr.€Maconi€asserts€that€he€"had€no€knowledge€of€their€whereaboutsÐ °"P Ðor€headquarters€location."€Ð  #@ Ðà  àà ` àÌÌà  àà ` àThe€Trial€Court€in€its€order€states€that€"[t]here€have€been€at€least€four€minimumÐ p& Ðcontacts€in€this€matter,"€although€the€Court€does€not€elaborate€on€what€the€"four€minimum€contacts"Ð `'  Ðare.à  àÐ P(ð! ÐÐ @)à" Їà  àà ` àDue€process€requires€that€a€€nonresident€defendant€have€certain€"minimum€contacts"Ð `  Ðwith€the€forum€such€that€the€maintenance€of€the€suit€does€not€offend€the€"traditional€notions€of€fairÐ P ð Ðplay€and€substantial€justice."€€òòInternationalóó€òòShoe€Company€v.€Washingtonóó,€326€U.S.€310,€316€(1945).€Ð @ à Ð"In€the€case€of€òòBurger€King€Corporation€v.€Rudzewiczóó,€471€U.S.€462,€472€€(1985),€the€Court€statedÐ 0 Ð Ðthat€€a€defendant€must€have€"fair€warning"€that€a€particular€activity€might€subject€him€to€jurisdictionÐ  À Ðin€the€forum€and€that€requirement€is€satisfied€if€the€defendant€has€"'purposefully€directed'€hisÐ ° Ðactivities€at€residents€of€the€forum,€and€the€litigation€results€from€alleged€injuries€that€'arise€out€ofÐ   Ðor€relate€to'€those€activities."€òòBurger€Kingóó,€471€U.S.€at€472.Ð ð Ðà@ìì*ìàˆÌÌÌà  àà ` àIn€òòShelby€Mutual€Insurance€Company€v.€Mooreóó,€645€S.W.2d€242,€246€(Tenn.€Ct.Ð °P  ÐApp.€1981),€this€Court€noted€that€three€primary€factors€are€to€be€considered€when€determiningÐ  @  Ðwhether€the€requisite€minimum€contacts€were€present:€the€quantity€of€the€contacts,€their€nature€andÐ 0  Ðquality,€and€the€source€and€connection€of€the€cause€of€action€with€those€contacts.€€Two€lesser€factorsÐ €  Ðto€be€considered€are€the€interest€of€the€forum€state€and€convenience.€€Ð p Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àÌà@ìì*ìàˆÌÌà  àà ` àWe€are€of€the€opinion€that€Mr.€Maconi's€contacts€with€Tennessee€do€not€meet€theÐ 0Ð Ðminimum€contacts€requirement.€€With€the€exception€of€one€visit€to€a€relative's€rental€home€ten€yearsÐ  À Ðago,€Mr.€Maconi€has€never€been€to€Tennessee.€€€€All€contact€with€Mr.€Maconi€was€initiated€by€JillÐ ° ÐFreethy€or€Donna€Freethy€in€Tennessee.€€€While€Mr.€Maconi€was€licensed€in€Tennessee€as€aÐ   Ðstockbroker€by€Merrill€Lynch€until€1998,€his€business€dealings€with€Tennessee€clients€consisted€ofÐ ð Ðtelephone€conversations€with€clients€who€had€moved€from€another€state€to€Tennessee€upon€theirÐ à€ Ðretirement,€not€as€a€result€of€his€solicitation€of€business€in€Tennessee.€€€Perhaps€more€importantly,€Ð Ð p ÐJill€Freethy's€paternity€suit€is€not€related€in€any€respect€to€Mr.€Maconi's€profession€as€a€stockbroker.€Ð À!` ÐTherefore,€we€€believe€that€the€maintenance€of€the€paternity€suit€would€offend€the€"traditionalÐ °"P Ðnotions€of€fair€play€and€substantial€justice."Ð  #@ ÐÌà  àà ` àÌà  àà ` àÌà  àà ` àFor€the€foregoing€reasons€the€judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€is€reversed,€the€case€€Ð `'  Ðdismissed,€and€the€cause€remanded€for€collection€of€costs€below.€€€Costs€of€the€appeal€are€adjudgedÐ P(ð! Ðagainst€Jill€Freethy.Ð @)à" ÐÌÌÐ ,°"% Їà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à__________________________________________Ð `  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àHOUSTON€M.€GODDARD,€PRESIDING€JUDGE