ÿWPC_1 {ùö¹…>{ÒŒzúv:á÷=­Ý£d:Ùž¹áÚ¦nµŠ‚–þêÈU±,vóm1RëËŸ«'ˆ˜íÖ³çéTšún‚ƒÒœ*ÃÞ"^¨œJµZ tu½©‰³Ǹ…åU@°¹2(‰ø(¬´Ök+Ù$A˜Ñê—à-][óyxûˆíë#­õSã¹£uòäÿ'´`hǪ½‡ö5OF …Ï#ü5©ƒ6y@ý2”p¢$¹eŸ©.FƒbfwL¼ÿ@›z²eþí­õÔ‰ÚÓ4Ô’§Ð€ÜVf↦§d ýŸIæý•„·eSÐ#Œù—0jˆØâ1$³]ñÍúŸ_9· /Þ‘®>þ¹A8SÀ<¥øuÎË4_ìÆ€Î1Ïhaž‡åBy€²‘0WjõàBe¿í'ê´\YuˆÉ³XAëa ÿØ.75U‘=eE¼} ¯K_Ϩ_Ëõ±áUÿn—cªÖE;Œéd•:îQÉÖµ{Hs.„üuæ,6ˆ 5M„¬#=4JÌÇ«åj›¤4g¬xãš&‹Šdc• ò-›šåÇŠÇòbuÙýïXÙ­$}S¾õ [â;“ŽhâæP“QÏÝg :mxÊ b#Á\ % UN# 0ˆq UNù 0DG 1u‹ z Òz 72L L 1‡~ ~ Æ ÆË Æ‘ÆW^ N)w+Ö/E"4"" *";, m=,=,=,=,=,=,=,=,=,=,=,=,=,=,=,=,=,=,=,bT,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T,T, 0ë\,\,\,\, BG-G- 0¤d- D3. D-;. 0Kh.h. AS³.Æ/ 0¤Ì/ 0Dp0 A«´0˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpti)(5hCEKQW]cioAutoList11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5¹“œ+s  ÌÝ ƒRŠ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôæò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔSection€36„5„101(d)(1)€provides:Ð ° Ðà  àà ` àIt€is€the€intent€of€the€general€assembly€that€a€spouse€who€is€economicallyÐ tÄ Ðà  àà ` àdisadvantaged,€relative€to€the€other€spouse,€be€rehabilitated€wheneverÐ 8ˆ Ðà  àà ` àpossible€by€the€granting€of€an€order€for€payment€of€rehabilitative,€temporaryÐ üL Ðà  àà ` àsupport€and€maintenance.€€Where€there€is€such€relative€economic€disadvantageÐ À Ðà  àà ` àand€rehabilitation€is€not€feasible€in€consideration€of€all€relevant€factors,Ð „Ô Ðà  àà ` àincluding€those€set€out€in€this€subsection,€then€the€court€may€grant€an€order€for€Ð H ˜ Ðà  àà ` àpayment€of€support€and€maintenance€on€a€long„term€basis€or€until€the€death€Ð  \ Ðà  àà ` àor€remarriage€of€the€recipient€except€as€otherwise€provided€in€subdivision€(a)(3).Ð Ð  Ðà  àà ` àRehabilitative€support€and€maintenance€is€a€separate€class€of€spousal€supportÐ ” ä  Ðà  àà ` àas€distinguished€from€alimony€in€solido€and€periodic€alimony.€€In€determiningÐ X ¨  Ðà  àà ` àwhether€the€granting€of€an€order€for€payment€of€support€and€maintenance€toÐ  l  Ðà  àà ` àa€party€is€appropriate,€and€in€determining€the€nature,€amount,€length€of€term,Ð à 0  Ðà  àà ` àand€manner€of€payment,€the€court€shall€consider€all€relevant€factors,€including:Ð ¤ô  Ðà  àà ` à(A)€The€relative€earning€capacity,€obligations,€needs,€and€financial€resourcesÐ h¸  Ðà  àà ` àof€each€party,€including€income€from€pension,€profit€sharing€or€retirement€Ð ,|  Ðà  àà ` àplans€and€all€other€sources;Ð ð@  Ðà  àà ` à(B)€The€relative€education€and€training€of€each€party,€the€ability€and€opportunityÐ ´  Ðà  àà ` àof€each€party€to€secure€such€education€and€training,€and€the€necessity€of€a€partyÐ xÈ  Ðà  àà ` àto€secure€further€education€and€training€to€improve€such€partyððs€earning€capacityÐ <Œ Ðà  àà ` àto€a€reasonable€level;Ð P Ðà  àà ` à(C)€The€duration€of€the€marriage;Ð Ä Ðà  àà ` à(D)€The€age€and€mental€condition€of€each€party;Ð ˆØ Ðà  àà ` à(E)€€The€physical€condition€of€each€party,€including,€but€not€limited€to,€physicalÐ Lœ Ðà  àà ` àdisability€or€incapacity€due€to€a€chronic€debilitating€disease;Ð ` Ðà  àà ` à(F)€€The€extent€to€which€it€would€be€undesirable€for€a€party€to€seek€employmentÐ Ô$ Ðà  àà ` àoutside€the€home€because€such€party€will€be€custodian€of€a€minor€child€of€the€Ð ˜è Ðà  àà ` àmarriage;Ð \¬ Ðà  àà ` à(G)€The€separate€assets€of€each€party,€both€real€and€personal,€tangible€and€intangible;Ð  p Ðà  àà ` à(H)€The€provisions€made€with€regard€to€the€marital€property€as€defined€in€ðð€36„4„121;Ð ä4 Ðà  àà ` à(I)€€€The€standard€of€living€of€the€parties€established€during€the€marriage;Ð ¨ø Ðà  àà ` à(J)€€€The€extent€to€which€each€party€has€made€such€tangible€and€intangible€contributionsÐ l¼ Ðà  àà ` àto€the€marriage€as€monetary€and€homemaker€contributions,€and€tangible€and€intangibleÐ 0€  Ðà  àà ` àcontributions€by€a€party€to€the€education,€training€or€increased€earning€power€of€theÐ ôD! Ðà  àà ` àother€party;Ð ¸" Ðà  àà ` à(K)€€€The€relative€fault€of€the€parties€in€cases€where€the€court,€in€its€discretion,€deems€Ð |Ì# Ðà  àà ` àit€appropriate€to€do€so;€andÐ @ $ Ðà  àà ` à(L)€€€€Such€other€factors,€including€the€tax€consequences€to€each€party,€as€are€necessaryÐ !T% Ðà  àà ` àto€consider€the€equities€between€the€parties.Ð È!& ÐòòTenn.€Code€Ann.óó€ðð€36„5„101(d)(1)€(Supp.€2000).8n_+ hH¡3|x  Ý ƒRŠ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôæò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔSection€36„4„121(c)€provides:€Ð ° Ðà  àà ` àIn€making€equitable€division€of€marital€property,€the€court€shall€Ð tÄ Ðà  àà ` àconsider€all€relevant€factors€including:€Ð 8ˆ Ðà  àà ` à(1)€The€duration€of€the€marriage;€Ð üL Ðà  àà ` à(2)€The€age,€physical€and€mental€health,€vocational€skills,€Ð À Ðà  àà ` àemployability,€earning€capacity,€estate,€financial€liabilities€and€Ð „Ô Ðà  àà ` àfinancial€needs€of€each€of€the€parties;€Ð H ˜ Ðà  àà ` à(3)€The€tangible€or€intangible€contribution€by€one€(1)€party€to€the€Ð  \ Ðà  àà ` àeducation,€training€or€increased€earning€power€of€the€other€party;€Ð Ð  Ðà  àà ` à(4)€The€relative€ability€of€each€party€for€future€acquisitions€of€capital€Ð ” ä  Ðà  àà ` àassets€and€income;€Ð X ¨  Ðà  àà ` à(5)€The€contribution€of€each€party€to€the€acquisition,€preservation,€Ð  l  Ðà  àà ` àappreciation€or€dissipation€of€the€marital€or€separate€property,€including€Ð à 0  Ðà  àà ` àthe€contribution€of€a€party€to€the€marriage€as€homemaker,€wage€earner€Ð ¤ô  Ðà  àà ` àor€parent,€with€the€contribution€of€a€party€as€homemaker€or€wage€earner€Ð h¸  Ðà  àà ` àto€be€given€the€same€weight€if€each€party€has€fulfilled€its€role;€Ð ,|  Ðà  àà ` à(6)€The€value€of€the€separate€property€of€each€party;€Ð ð@  Ðà  àà ` à(7)€The€estate€of€each€party€at€the€time€of€the€marriage;€Ð ´  Ðà  àà ` à(8)€The€economic€circumstances€of€each€party€at€the€time€the€division€Ð xÈ  Ðà  àà ` àof€property€is€to€become€effective;€Ð <Œ Ðà  àà ` à(9)€The€tax€consequences€to€each€party;€and€Ô‡XáXòôæÔÐ P Ðà  àà ` àÔ#†ôæòXXáž#Ô(10)€Such€other€factors€as€are€necessary€to€consider€the€equities€Ð Ä Ðà  àà ` àbetween€the€parties.Ð ˆØ ÐòòTenn.€Code€Ann.óó€ðð€36„4„121(c)€(Supp.€2000).€Ð Lœ Ðà  àà ` à ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ- ù-(|G2Š$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€T»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôæò»»Ô d(|3dž$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€T»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3dž$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€T»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€T»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼T»»»ÔÑ8€áXXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ‡îPTÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼T»îîP #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓJULY€11,€2001€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XáX»¼TÔÌò òÔ#†¼T»XXáò#ÔPATRICIA€GOREòòóó€v.€GEORGE€D.€GOREòòóóÔ‡XáX»¼TÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Williamson€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€I„99389;€The€Honorable€Russ€Ô_ÔHeldmanÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2000„02412„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Filed€December€28,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡XáXXXáÔThis€appeal€arises€from€a€complaint€for€divorce€filed€by€the€Appellee€in€the€Circuit€Court€ofÐ xÈ  ÐWilliamson€County.€€The€trial€court€awarded€the€Appellee€a€divorce€on€the€grounds€of€inappropriateÐ d´ Ðmarital€conduct€and€adultery.€€The€trial€court€divided€the€marital€property€and€ordered€the€AppellantÐ P  Ðto€pay€the€Appellee€alimony€in€futuro€and€child€support€for€the€partiesðð€two€minor€children.€€The€trialÐ <Œ Ðcourt€ordered€the€Appellant€to€maintain€life€insurance€to€secure€the€alimony€and€child€supportÐ (x Ðobligations.€€Additionally,€the€trial€court€entered€a€permanent€injunction€restraining€the€AppellantÐ d Ðfrom€taking€the€children€in€the€presence€of€the€Appellantððs€girlfriend.Ð P ÐÌà  àThe€Appellant€appeals€the€decision€of€the€Circuit€Court€of€Williamson€County€regarding€theÐ Ø( Ðdivision€of€marital€property,€the€award€of€alimony€in€futuro,€the€amount€of€child€support€awarded,Ð Ä Ðthe€amount€of€life€insurance€ordered,€and€the€permanent€injunction.€€For€the€reasons€stated€herein,Ð ° Ðwe€affirm€in€part,€reverse€in€part,€and€vacate€in€part€the€trial€courtððs€decision.€€We€remand€this€caseÐ œì Ðto€the€trial€court€for€further€proceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.Ð ˆØ ÐÔ#†XáXXXáà#ÔÔ#†¼T»XXác#ÔÔ‡XáX»¼TÔÌÓÔÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmed€in€Part,Ð L œ ÐReversed€in€Part,€Vacated€in€Part€and€Remandedó óÐ 8!ˆ  ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼T»àXá¹ #ÔÔ‡XáX.¼TÔAlan€E.€Highers,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòW.€Frank€Crawford,€P.J.,€W.S.,óóÐ #`" Ðand€òòDavid€R.€Farmer,€J.óó,€joined.Ð ü#L# ÐÌRobert€L.€Jackson,€Larry€Hayes,€Jr.,€Nashville,€TN,€for€AppellantÐ Ô%$!% ÐÌDenise€Andre,€Franklin,€TN;€Thomas€F.€Bloom,€Nashville,€TN,€for€AppelleeÐ ¬'ü"' ÐÓ£ ÓÌò òÌÌÌÌÐ 4-„(-ý ÐOPINIONó óÔ#†¼T»XXáÒ #ÔÔ‡XáX»¼TÔÐ ° ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼T»XXá½ #ÔÔ‡XáX»¼TÔÓ  Óò òÔ‡XáXXXáÔà@ìàI.€€Facts€and€Procedural€Historyó óˆÐ ˆØ ÐÌà  àThe€Appellant,€George€D.€Gore€(ð ðMr.€Goreðð),€and€the€Appellee,€Patricia€A.€Gore€(ð ðMs.Ð `° ÐGoreðð),€were€married€for€twenty„five€years.€€The€parties€had€three€children€(ð ðthe€childrenðð)€born€ofÐ L œ Ðthe€marriage,€two€of€whom€were€minors€at€the€time€of€the€litigation€which€is€the€subject€of€thisÐ 8 ˆ Ðappeal.€€In€April,€1999,€the€parties€separated€after€Ms.€Gore€discovered€that€Mr.€Gore€was€havingÐ $ t Ðan€affair€with€Kim€Cannon€(ð ðMs.€Cannonðð).€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àOn€July€1,€1999,€Ms.€Gore€filed€a€complaint€for€divorce€in€the€Circuit€Court€of€WilliamsonÐ è 8  ÐCounty,€alleging€inappropriate€marital€conduct€and€adultery.€€Ms.€Gore€requested€that€a€restrainingÐ Ô$  Ðorder€issue€enjoining€Mr.€Gore€from€dissipating€marital€assets€and€from€taking€the€children€in€theÐ À  Ðpresence€of€Ms.€Cannon.€€€Mr.€Gore€failed€to€file€an€answer€to€the€complaint.€€On€July€2,€1999,€theÐ ¬ü  Ðtrial€court€granted€Ms.€Goreððs€request€for€a€restraining€order€with€regard€to€the€dissipation€of€assetsÐ ˜è  Ðbut€denied€Ms.€Goreððs€request€for€a€restraining€order€with€regard€to€Ms.€Cannon.€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àOn€July€28,€1999,€the€parties€entered€into€an€agreed€order€with€respect€to€the€Ô_ÔpendenteÔ_Ô€liteÐ \¬ Ðissues.€€€Pursuant€to€that€agreed€order,€Ms.€Gore€received€temporary€custody€of€the€children€andÐ H˜ Ðexclusive€use€of€the€marital€residence.€€Mr.€Gore€received€standard€visitation€with€the€children.€€Mr.Ð 4„ ÐGore€was€ordered€to€pay€Ms.€Gore€$300.00€every€two€weeks€and€was€ordered€to€maintain€certainÐ  p Ðdebts€of€the€parties.€€The€order€provided€that€the€restraining€order€with€regard€to€the€dissipation€ofÐ  \ Ðassets€was€to€remain€in€effect.€Ð øH ÐÌà  àThe€hearing€on€the€complaint€for€divorce€was€held€on€August€9,€2000.€€€Ms.€Gore€testifiedÐ Ð  Ðthat€she€was€forty„nine€years€old€and€had€a€high€school€education.€€€Ms.€Gore€testified€that€sheÐ ¼  Ðworked€as€a€hairstylist€for€the€first€five€years€of€the€marriage€but€had€been€a€homemaker€for€the€lastÐ ¨ø Ðtwenty€years€of€the€marriage.€€€Ms.€Gore€testified€that€she€no€longer€had€her€hairstylist€license€andÐ ”ä Ðdid€not€want€to€work€as€a€hairstylist.€€€Ms.€Gore€testified€that€she€had€a€medical€condition€during€theÐ €Ð Ðmarriage€called€acoustic€Ô_ÔneuromaÔ_Ô.€€€Ms.€Gore€testified€that€as€a€result€of€the€acoustic€Ô_ÔneuromaÔ_Ô,€sheÐ l¼ Ðhad€facial€nerves€cut.€€€Ms.€Gore€testified€that€she€was€fully€recovered€from€acoustic€Ô_ÔneuromaÔ_Ô.€€Ms.Ð X ¨ ÐGore€testified€that€she€had€high€blood€pressure€but€had€no€health€problems€that€prevented€her€fromÐ D!” Ðworking.€€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àMs.€Gore€testified€that€after€the€parties€separated,€she€took€two€jobs.€€She€stated€that€sheÐ $X" Ðworked€one€or€two€days€per€week€at€a€retail€store,€Northern€Reflections,€and€made€$6.50€per€hour.€Ð ô$D # ÐMs.€Gore€testified€that€she€also€worked€part€time€at€a€bakery,€Ô_ÔCostcoÔ_Ô,€and€made€$10.50€per€hour.€€Ð à%0!$ ÐShe€said€that€she€worked€full€time€hours€at€Ô_ÔCostcoÔ_Ô€during€busy€seasons€but€worked€part€time€hoursÐ Ì&"% Ðduring€slow€seasons.€€Ms.€Gore€testified€that€she€requested€to€work€full€time€at€Ô_ÔCostcoÔ_Ô€but€there€wereÐ ¸'#& Ðno€full€time€positions€open€at€that€time.€€€She€testified€that€her€gross€wages€per€month€based€on€fullÐ ¤(ô#' Ðtime€hours€and€including€her€pay€from€both€jobs€equaled€$1,928.22.€€She€also€testified€that€her€wagesÐ )à$( Ðvaried€each€month€depending€on€the€amount€of€hours€she€worked.€She€stated€that€she€had€the€abilityÐ |*Ì%) Ðto€make€between€$17,000.00€and€$20,000.00€per€year.€€Ms.€Gore€testified€that€Ô_ÔCostcoÔ_Ô€providedÐ h+¸&* Ðmedical,€dental,€and€eye€insurance€which€was€supposed€to€go€into€effect€in€October,€2000.€€She€alsoÐ ° Ðtestified€that€she€enjoyed€her€job€at€Ô_ÔCostcoÔ_Ô.€Ð œì ÐÌà  àMr.€Gore€testified€that€he€was€forty„eight€years€old€and€worked€as€a€tool€and€die€maker€forÐ tÄ ÐSaturn€Corporation.€€He€stated€that€he€worked€between€forty€and€sixty€hours€per€week.€€Mr.€GoreÐ `° Ðtestified€that€his€base€salary€was€$52,000.00€but€that€he€earned€overtime€in€addition€to€his€baseÐ L œ Ðsalary.€€He€said€that€he€was€not€guaranteed€to€have€overtime€hours.€€In€1997,€Mr.€Goreððs€grossÐ 8 ˆ Ðincome€was€$73,069.00.€€In€1998,€Mr.€Goreððs€gross€income€was€$75,721.00.€€In€1999,€his€grossÐ $ t Ðincome€was€$83,664.00.€€€Mr.€Gore€testified€that€his€gross€income€in€2000€through€July€31,€2000€wasÐ  ` Ð$53,741.00.€€Mr.€Gore€agreed€that€his€gross€income€through€July€31,€2000€amounted€to€$7,677.42Ð ü L  Ðin€gross€income€per€month.€€He€stated€that€a€portion€of€the€gross€income€through€July€31,€2000€wasÐ è 8  Ðbased€on€working€the€Christmas€shutdown.€€Mr.€Gore€testified€that€in€the€past€five€years,€he€had€onlyÐ Ô$  Ðworked€the€Christmas€shutdown€once.€Ð À  ÐÌà  àMr.€Gore€admitted€that€he€had€an€affair€with€Ms.€Cannon€while€he€was€married€to€Ms.€Gore.€Ð ˜è  ÐMr.€Gore€testified€that€since€July€2,€1999,€he€had€spent€approximately€$2,000.00€in€gambling€andÐ „Ô  Ðgambling„related€expenses€such€as€food€and€transportation.€€Mr.€Gore€stated€that€he€gambled€ð ðtoÐ pÀ Ðhave€a€good€time€and€have€some€fun.ðð€€Mr.€Gore€testified€that€he€had€reduced€the€amount€that€he€wasÐ \¬ Ðcontributing€to€the€401(k)€retirement€account.€€€He€listed€on€his€income€and€expense€statement€thatÐ H˜ Ðhis€monthly€gross€income€was€$5,600.00€per€month,€but€he€agreed€that€his€monthly€gross€incomeÐ 4„ Ðwas€actually€more€than€$5,600.00€per€month.€Ð  p ÐÌà  àOn€August€9,€2000,€the€trial€court€entered€an€order€granting€Ms.€Gore€an€absolute€divorceÐ øH Ðfrom€Mr.€Gore€on€the€grounds€of€inappropriate€marital€conduct€and€adultery.€€€The€trial€courtÐ ä4 Ðreserved€all€other€matters€for€inclusion€in€the€final€decree€of€divorce€entered€on€October€6,€2000.€Ð Ð  ÐThe€trial€court€stated€in€the€final€decree€of€divorce€that€all€averments€in€Ms.€Goreððs€complaint€wereÐ ¼  Ðdeemed€admitted€for€purposes€of€adjudication,€with€the€exception€of€the€claim€for€divorce,€due€toÐ ¨ø ÐMr.€Goreððs€failure€to€file€an€answer€to€the€complaint.€€The€trial€court€found€that€Mr.€Gore€hadÐ ”ä Ðviolated€the€temporary€restraining€order€with€regard€to€the€dissipation€of€assets€in€that€he€usedÐ €Ð Ðmarital€assets€to€gamble€which€was€not€a€reasonable€living€expense.€€He€also€found€that€Mr.€GoreÐ l¼ Ðviolated€the€temporary€restraining€order€with€regard€to€the€dissipation€of€assets€in€that€he€had€reducedÐ X ¨ Ðthe€amount€of€money€he€was€contributing€to€the€401(k)€retirement€account.€€The€trial€court€foundÐ D!” Ðthat€Mr.€Gore€had€ð ðunclean€handsðð€in€that€he€had€failed€to€follow€the€temporary€restraining€orderÐ 0"€  Ðwith€regard€to€the€dissipation€of€assets€and€had€given€inconsistent€testimony€to€the€trial€court€aboutÐ #l! Ðhis€monthly€income.€€As€a€result€of€Mr.€Goreððs€ð ðunclean€hands,ðð€the€court€stated€that€it€could€notÐ $X" Ðconsider€his€two€proposals€for€division€of€property€and€assets€that€he€submitted.€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àÌÌÌÌÌÐ h+¸&* ÐThe€trial€court€divided€the€marital€property€as€follows:Ð ° ÐÌòòÓ  ÓMs.€GoreóóÐ ˆØ ÐÓ³.ÓòòItemóóà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àòòà À àValueóóà0h(#h(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àòòDebtóóà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#àòòNet€ValueóóÐtÄx(#x(# Ð(1)€Marital€Residenceà0 ¸ àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#à$160,000.00à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#à$35,693.42à0xÈ(#È(#à$124,306.58Ð`°x(#x(# Ð(2)€Bank€of€America€Checking€Accountà0 À à$200.00à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$200.00ÐL œx(#x(# Ð(3)€ðð€Bank€of€America€Savings€Accountà0 À à$50.00à0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$50.00Ð8 ˆx(#x(# Ð(4)€ðð€Union€Planters€Checking€Accountà0 À à$300.00à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$300.00Ð$ tx(#x(# Ð(5)€ðð€Bank€of€America€Savings€Accountà0 À à$2,098.50à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$2,098.50Ð `x(#x(# Ð(6)€ðð€UAW€Credit€Unionà0  àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#à$359.00à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$359.00Ðü L x(#x(# Ð(7)€ðð€Bank€of€America€CDà0  àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#à$5,000.00à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$5,000.00Ðè 8 x(#x(# Ð(8)€ðð€Saturn€Corporation€401(k)à0 h àà0Àh(#h(#à$80,000.00à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$80,000.00ÐÔ$ x(#x(# Ðòò(9)€ðð€General€Motors€Pensionà0 h àà0Àh(#h(#ànone€givenà0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#ànone€givenóóÐÀ x(#x(# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àTOTAL€FOR€MS.€GORE:à0  àà0x (# (#à$212,314.08Ьü x(#x(# ÐòòÓ  ÓMr.€GoreóóÐ ˜è  ÐÓ7ÓòòItemóóà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àòòà À àValueóóà0h(#h(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àòòDebtóóà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#àòòNet€ValueóóÐ„Ô x(#x(# Ð(1)€Boat,€Trailer,€and€Motorà0  àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#à$1,500.00à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#à„0„à0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$1,500.00ÐpÀx(#x(# Ð(2)€Atmos€Energy€Stockà0  àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#à$636.00à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$636.00Ð\¬x(#x(# Ð(3)€Waterhouse€Securitiesà0  àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#à$6,333.00à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$6,333.00ÐH˜x(#x(# Ð(4)€New€York€Life€Insuranceà0  àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#à$10,459.70à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$10,459.70Ð4„x(#x(# Ð(5)€John€Hancock€Life€Insuranceà0 h àà0Àh(#h(#à$1,697.50à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$1,697.50€€Ð px(#x(# Ð(6)€ðð€Bank€of€America€Savings€Accountà0 À à$50.00à0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$50.00Ð \x(#x(# Ð(7)€ðð€Union€Planters€Checking€Accountà0 À à$300.00à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$300.00ÐøHx(#x(# Ð(8)€ðð€Bank€of€America€Savings€Accountà0 À à$2,098.50à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$2,098.50à @˜! àÐä4x(#x(# Ð(9)€ðð€UAW€Credit€Unionà0  àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#à$359.00à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$359.00ÐÐ x(#x(# Ð(10)€ðð€Bank€of€America€CDà0  àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#à$5,000.00à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$5,000.00м x(#x(# Ð(11)€ðð€Saturn€Corporation€401(k)à0 h àà0Àh(#h(#à$80,000.00à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àn/aà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à$80,000.00Шøx(#x(# Ðòò(12)€ðð€General€Motors€Pensionóóà0 h àà0Àh(#h(#àòònone€givenóóà0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àòòn/aóóà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#àòònone€givenóóДäx(#x(# Ðà@Ë Ë ìà€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€TOTAL€FOR€Ô_ÔMRÔ_Ô.€GORE:ˆà0  àà0x (# (#à$108,433.70ЀÐx(#x(# ÐÌAdditionally,€the€trial€court€ordered€Mr.€Gore€to€pay€the€partiesðð€unsecured€debt€in€the€amount€ofÐ X ¨ Ð$5,339.00.€€Taking€into€account€the€total€ascertainable€net€value€of€marital€property€awarded€to€eachÐ D!” Ðof€the€parties€including€the€marital€debt€that€Mr.€Gore€was€ordered€to€pay,€the€percentage€of€theÐ 0"€  Ðmarital€property€awarded€to€Ms.€Gore€was€approximately€sixty„seven€percent,€and€the€percentageÐ #l! Ðof€the€marital€property€awarded€to€Mr.€Gore€was€approximately€thirty„three€percent.Ð $X" ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€awarded€custody€of€the€children€to€Ms.€Gore€and€awarded€standard€visitationÐ à%0!$ Ðto€Mr.€Gore.€€Mr.€Gore€was€also€ordered€to€pay€alimony€in€futuro€to€Ms.€Gore€in€the€amount€ofÐ Ì&"% Ð$1,500.00€per€month€until€Ms.€Goreððs€death€or€remarriage.€€€Mr.€Gore€was€to€maintain€life€insuranceÐ ¸'#& Ðin€the€amount€of€$200,000.00€to€secure€his€alimony€obligation.€€The€trial€court€ordered€Mr.€Gore€toÐ ¤(ô#' Ðpay€child€support€to€Ms.€Gore€in€the€amount€of€$1,712.00€per€month.€€Mr.€Gore€was€ordered€toÐ )à$( Ðâ âmaintain€life€insurance€in€the€amount€of€$150,000.00€to€secure€his€child€support€obligation.€€The€trialÐ |*Ì%) Ðcourt€entered€a€permanent€restraining€order€enjoining€Mr.€Gore€from€permitting€the€children€to€haveÐ ° Ðcontact€with€Ms.€Cannon€during€his€visitation.€€This€appeal€followed.Ð œì Ðâ âÓ€ (5h83ÓÌà@ìàò òII.€€Standard€of€Reviewó óˆÐ tÄ ÐÌà  àThe€standard€of€review€for€a€non-jury€case€is€òòde€novoóó€upon€the€record.€€òòSee€Wright€v.€CityÐ L œ Ðof€Knoxvilleóó,€898€S.W.2d€177,€181€(Tenn.€1995).€€There€is€a€presumption€of€correctness€as€to€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðtrial€courtððs€factual€findings,€unless€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence€is€otherwise.€€òòSeeóó€òòTenn.€R.Ð $ t ÐApp.€P.€óó13(d).€€For€issues€of€law,€the€standard€of€review€is€òòde€novoóó,€with€no€presumption€ofÐ  ` Ðcorrectness.€€òòSee€Ô_ÔRidingsÔ_Ô€v.€Ralph€M.€Parsons€Co.óó,€914€S.W.2d€79,€80€(Tenn.€1996).Ð ü L  ÐÌÌà@00ìàò òIII.€€Law€and€Analysisó óˆÐ À  ÐÌà  àMr.€Gore€presents€the€following€issues€for€our€review:Ð ˜è  ÐÌ1.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€awarding€Ms.€Gore€sixty„seven€percent€of€the€partiesðð€maritalÐ pÀ Ðassets;Ð \¬ Ð2.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€awarding€Ms.€Gore€alimony€in€futuro€in€the€amount€of€$1,500.00Ð H˜ Ðper€month€instead€of€rehabilitative€alimony;Ð 4„ Ð3.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€requiring€Mr.€Gore€to€maintain€$200,000.00€in€life€insurance€toÐ  p Ðsecure€his€alimony€obligation;Ð  \ Ð4.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€taking€judicial€notice€of€certain€matters€in€this€case;Ð øH Ð5.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€awarding€Ms.€Gore€child€support€in€the€amount€of€$1,712.00€perÐ ä4 Ðmonth;Ð Ð  Ð6.€€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€requiring€Mr.€Gore€to€maintain€$150,000.00€in€life€insurance€toÐ ¼  Ðsecure€his€child€support€obligation;€and€Ð ¨ø Ð7.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€permanently€enjoining€Mr.€Gore€from€taking€the€children€in€theÐ ”ä Ðpresence€of€Ms.€Cannon.Ð €Ð ÐMs.€Gore€presents€the€following€additional€issues€for€our€review:Ð l¼ Ð8.€€Whether€Mr.€Goreððs€failure€to€file€a€responsive€pleading€constituted€an€admission€of€Ms.€GoreððsÐ X ¨ Ðallegations€regarding€the€financial€issues;Ð D!” Ð9.€€Whether€the€trial€court€properly€refused€to€consider€Mr.€Goreððs€proposals€as€to€property€divisionÐ 0"€  Ðand€alimony€due€to€Mr.€Goreððs€ð ðunclean€handsðð;€andÐ #l! Ð10.€€Whether€this€Court€should€award€Ms.€Gore€her€attorneyððs€fees€on€appeal.Ð $X" ÐWe€will€examine€each€issue€in€turn.€€Ð ô$D # ÐÌÒe°Òò òÓ  ÓDivision€of€Marital€Propertyó óÐ Ì&"% ÐÌÓTÓà ½ àThe€first€issue€presented€for€our€review€is€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€awarding€Ms.€GoreÐ ¤(ô#' Ðsixty„seven€percent€of€the€partiesðð€marital€assets.€€After€characterizing€the€partiesðð€assets€as€eitherÐ )à$( Ðmarital€or€separate€property,€the€trial€court€will€give€each€party€their€separate€property€and€then€makeÐ |*Ì%) Ðan€equitable€division€of€marital€assets.€€òòSee€Ô_ÔBatsonÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔBatsonÔ_Ôóó,€769€S.W.2d€849,€856€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.Ð h+¸&* Ð1988).€€An€equitable€division€of€property€does€not€necessarily€mean€an€equal€division.€€òòSee€Ô_ÔBookoutÔ_ÔÐ ° Ðv.€Ô_ÔBookoutÔ_Ôóó,€954€S.W.2d€730,€732€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997);€òòÔ_ÔBatsonÔ_Ôóó,€769€S.W.2d€at€859.€€ð ðThe€divisionÐ œì Ðof€the€estate€is€not€rendered€inequitable€simply€because€it€is€not€mathematically€equal,€or€because€eachÐ ˆØ Ðparty€did€not€receive€a€share€of€every€item€of€marital€property.ðð€€òòKing€v.€Kingóó,€986€S.W.2d€216,€219Ð tÄ Ð(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1998)€(citing€òòCohen€v.€Cohenóó,€937€S.W.2d€823,€832€(Tenn.€1996);€òòEllis€v.€Ellisóó,€748Ð `° ÐS.W.2d€424,€427€(Tenn.€1988);€òòBrown€v.€Brownóó,€913€S.W.2d€163,€168€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1994)).€€InÐ L œ Ðdetermining€what€constitutes€an€equitable€division€of€marital€assets,€the€court€will€consider€the€factorsÐ 8 ˆ Ðlisted€in€section€36„4„121(c)€of€the€Tennessee€Code.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€court€must€make€the€division€of€maritalÐ $ t Ðproperty€without€regard€to€marital€fault.€€òòSeeóó€òòTenn.€Code€Ann.óó€ðð€36„4„121(a)(1)€(Supp.€2000).Ð  ` ÐÌà ½ àThe€trial€courtððs€classification€and€division€of€marital€property€enjoys€a€presumption€ofÐ è 8  Ðcorrectness€and€will€be€reversed€or€modified€only€if€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trialÐ Ô$  Ðcourtððs€decision.€€òòSee€Lancaster€v.€Lancasteróó,€671€S.W.2d€501,€502€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1984);€òòÔ_ÔHardinÔ_ÔÐ À  Ðv.€Ô_ÔHardinÔ_Ôóó,€689€S.W.2d€152,€154€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1983).€€ð ð[Ô_ÔT]heÔ_Ô€trial€court€is€granted€broad€discretionÐ ¬ü  Ðin€adjusting€and€adjudicating€the€partiesðð€interest€in€all€jointly€owned€property.€€Its€decision€regardingÐ ˜è  Ðdivision€of€the€marital€property€is€entitled€to€great€weight€on€appeal.ðð€€òòÔ_ÔWattersÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔWattersÔ_Ôóó,€959€S.W.2dÐ „Ô  Ð585,€590€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997)€(citing€òòÔ_ÔBatsonÔ_Ôóó,€769€S.W.2d€at€859).€€òòóóThe€fairness€of€the€propertyÐ pÀ Ðdivision€is€judged€upon€its€final€results.€€òòSee€Wade€v.€Wadeóó,€897€S.W.2d€702,€717€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.Ð \¬ Ð1994)€(citing€òòThompson€v.€Thompsonóó,€797€S.W.2d€599,€604€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1990)).Ð H˜ Ðâ âÐ 4„ Ðà ½ àIn€the€case€at€bar,€Mr.€Gore€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€its€division€of€marital€property.€Ð ° Ðâ âMr.€Gore€suggests€that€this€Court€should€divide€the€house€and€the€New€York€Life€Insurance€policyÐ œì Ðequally€between€the€parties€so€that€Ms.€Gore€would€receive€fifty„one€percent€of€the€marital€propertyÐ ˆØ Ðand€Mr.€Gore€would€receive€forty„nine€percent€of€the€marital€property.€€Mr.€Gore€argues€that€an€equalÐ tÄ Ðdivision€of€the€partiesðð€marital€assets€would€constitute€an€equitable€division.€€As€stated€above,€anÐ `° Ðequitable€division€of€property€does€not€necessarily€mean€an€equal€division.€€The€primary€differenceÐ L œ Ðbetween€Ms.€Gore€receiving€sixty„seven€percent€of€the€marital€property€and€Mr.€Gore€receiving€thirty„Ð 8 ˆ Ðthree€percent€of€the€marital€property€is€due€to€the€award€of€the€marital€residence€to€Ms.€Gore.€€TheÐ $ t Ðtrial€court€was€not€required€to€divide€the€equity€in€the€marital€residence.€€€Rather,€in€awarding€theÐ  ` Ðmarital€residence,€the€trial€court€had€to€give€special€consideration€to€Ms.€Gore€as€the€spouse€havingÐ ü L  Ðphysical€custody€of€the€children.€€òòSeeóó€òòTenn.€Code€Ann.óó€ðð€36„4„121(d)€(Supp.€2000).€Ð è 8  ÐÌ€à ½ àThe€trial€court€stated€that€it€considered€all€the€factors€in€section€36„4„121€in€making€anÐ À  Ðequitable€distribution€of€marital€property.€€We€conclude€that€the€trial€court€properly€considered€theseÐ ¬ü  Ðfactors€in€awarding€Ms.€Gore€a€greater€share€of€the€marital€estate€than€Mr.€Gore€in€this€case.€€Mr.Ð ˜è  ÐGore€has€greater€income€and€earning€potential€than€Ms.€Gore,€as€well€as€a€greater€ability€toÐ „Ô  Ðaccumulate€assets€in€the€future.€€In€light€of€the€duration€of€the€partiesðð€marriage,€Ms.€GoreððsÐ pÀ Ðsignificant€contributions€to€the€marriage€as€a€homemaker,€and€the€great€disparity€in€the€partiesððÐ \¬ Ðearning€abilities,€we€hold€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€awarding€Ms.€Gore€a€largerÐ H˜ Ðportion€of€the€marital€assets€than€Mr.€Gore.€€Under€the€circumstances€of€this€case,€the€trial€courtÐ 4„ Ðachieved€an€equitable€distribution€of€the€partiesðð€marital€property.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€trialÐ  p Ðcourtððs€award€of€sixty„seven€percent€of€the€marital€property€to€Ms.€Gore.€Ð  \ ÐÌò òó óà@XX'Æàò òAlimonyó óˆÐ ä4 ÐÌà ½ àThe€second€issue€presented€for€our€review€is€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€awarding€Ms.Ð ¼  ÐGore€alimony€in€futuro€in€the€amount€of€$1,500.00€per€month€instead€of€rehabilitative€alimony.€€TheÐ ¨ø Ðtrial€court€has€broad€discretion€concerning€the€amount,€type,€and€duration€of€Ô_ÔspousalÔ_Ô€support€basedÐ ”ä Ðon€the€particular€facts€involved.€€òòSee€Ô_ÔWattersÔ_Ôóó,€959€S.W.2d€585€at€593.€€The€trial€courtððs€decision€isÐ €Ð Ðentitled€to€great€weight€on€appeal€and€will€not€be€disturbed€absent€a€showing€of€abuse€of€discretion.€Ð l¼ ÐòòSee€id.óó€(citing€òòAaron€v.€Aaronóó,€909€S.W.2d€408,€410€(Tenn.€1995);€òòLuna€v.€Lunaóó,€718€S.W.2d€673,Ð X ¨ Ð675€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1986));€òòWilson€v.€Mooreóó,€929€S.W.2d€367,€372€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1996).€Ð D!” ÐAccordingly,€this€Court€is€not€inclined€to€alter€a€trial€courtððs€award€of€alimony€ð ðunless€it€is€notÐ 0"€  Ðsupported€by€the€evidence€or€is€contrary€to€the€public€policy€embodied€in€the€applicable€statutes.ðð€Ð #l! ÐòòBrown€v.€Brownóó,€913€S.W.2d€163,€169€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1994)€(citing€òòÔ_ÔGilliamÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔGilliamÔ_Ôóó,€776€S.W.2dÐ $X" Ð81,€86€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1988);€òòÔ_ÔIngramÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔIngramÔ_Ôóó,€721€S.W.2d€262,€264€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1986)).Ð ô$D # ÐÌà ½ àWhether€an€alimony€award€is€appropriate€is€dependent€on€the€facts€and€circumstances€of€eachÐ Ì&"% Ðâ âcase.€€While€the€alimony€analysis€is€factually€driven,€the€court€must€also€balance€several€statutoryÐ ¸'#& Ðfactors€including€those€enumerated€in€section€36-5-101(d)(1)€of€the€Tennessee€Code.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€òòSee€Denton€v.Ð ° Ðâ âDentonóó,€902€S.W.2d€930,€932€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1995);€òòBrownóó,€913€S.W.2d€at€169.òòóó€€Although€allÐ œì Ðstatutory€factors€listed€in€section€36-5-101(d)(1)€are€important€and€will€be€considered€by€the€trialÐ ˆØ Ðcourt,€ð ðneed€and€the€ability€to€pay€are€the€critical€factors€in€setting€the€amount€of€an€alimony€award.ðð€Ð tÄ ÐòòÔ_ÔKojaÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔKojaÔ_Ôóó,€42€S.W.3d€94,€100€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€2000).Ð `° ÐÌà ½ àSection€36-5-101(d)(1)€reflects€a€preference€for€temporary€support,€or€rehabilitative€alimony,Ð 8 ˆ Ðas€opposed€to€long-term€support,€or€alimony€in€futuro.€€òòSeeóó€òòTenn.€Code€Ann.óó€ðð€36„5„101(d)(1);€òòseeÐ $ t Ðalso€Wilsonóó,€929€S.W.2d€at€375.€€ð ðThe€purpose€of€rehabilitative€alimony€is€to€enable€theÐ  ` Ðdisadvantaged€spouse€to€acquire€additional€job€skills,€education,€or€training€that€will€enable€him€orÐ ° Ðher€to€be€more€self-sufficient.ðð€€òòÔ_ÔKinardÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔKinardÔ_Ôóó,€986€S.W.2d€220,€234€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1998)€(citingÐ œì ÐòòSmith€v.€Smithóó,€912€S.W.2d€155,€160€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1995);€òòÔ_ÔCranfordÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔCranfordÔ_Ôóó,€772€S.W.2d€48,Ð ˆØ Ð51€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1989)).€€òòóóIn€contrast,€the€purpose€of€alimony€in€futuro€is€to€provide€support€to€anÐ tÄ Ðeconomically€disadvantaged€spouse€who€is€unable€to€achieve€some€degree€of€self-sufficiency.€€òòSeeÐ `° ÐÔ_ÔLoriaÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔLoriaÔ_Ôóó,€952€S.W.2d€836,€838€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997).€€A€court€may€grant€alimony€in€futuro€onlyÐ L œ Ðwhere€rehabilitation€of€the€economically€disadvantaged€spouse€is€not€feasible.€€òòSee€Aaron€v.€Aaronóó,Ð 8 ˆ Ð909€S.W.2d€408,€410€(Tenn.€1995);€òòSelf€v.€Selfóó,€861€S.W.2d€360,€361€(Tenn.€1993).Ð $ t ÐÌà ½ àIn€the€case€at€bar,€Mr.€Gore€argues€that€the€trial€court€should€have€awarded€Ms.€GoreÐ ü L  Ðrehabilitative€alimony€rather€than€alimony€in€futuro.€€Mr.€Gore€argues€that€Ms.€Gore€is€gainfullyÐ è 8  Ðemployed€and€has€the€ability€to€maintain€a€reasonable€level€of€earnings€and€remain€self„sufficient.€Ð Ô$  ÐBased€upon€the€evidence€presented€at€trial,€we€conclude€that€an€award€of€rehabilitative€alimony€is€notÐ À  Ðappropriate€in€this€case.€€In€consideration€of€the€disparity€in€the€partiesðð€earning€capacities,€Ms.€GoreððsÐ ¬ü  Ðlimited€earning€capacity,€the€infeasibility€of€Ms.€Goreððs€rehabilitation,€the€twenty„five€year€durationÐ ˜è  Ðof€the€marriage,€the€tangible€and€intangible€contributions€that€Ms.€Gore€made€as€a€homemaker€duringÐ „Ô  Ðthe€marriage,€and€the€fault€of€Mr.€Gore€in€precipitating€this€action€for€divorce,€we€hold€that€the€trialÐ pÀ Ðcourt€did€not€err€in€awarding€Ms.€Gore€alimony€in€futuro.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððsÐ \¬ Ðdecision€awarding€Ms.€Gore€alimony€in€futuro€in€the€amount€of€$1,500€per€month€until€her€death€orÐ H˜ Ðremarriage.Ð 4„ ÐÌà@F F Æàò òLife€Insurance€to€Secure€Alimony€Obligationó óˆÐ  \ ÐÌà ½ àThe€third€issue€presented€for€our€review€is€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€requiring€Mr.€GoreÐ ä4 Ðto€maintain€$200,000.00€in€life€insurance€to€secure€his€alimony€obligation.€€Mr.€Gore€does€not€disputeÐ Ð  Ðthat€he€is€required€to€maintain€life€insurance€to€secure€his€alimony€obligation.€€Rather,€Mr.€GoreÐ ¼  Ðargues€that€in€the€event€this€Court€modifies€Mr.€Goreððs€alimony€obligation,€$200,000.00€would€beÐ ¨ø Ðan€excessive€amount€of€life€insurance€for€Mr.€Gore€to€maintain.€€Because€we€decline€to€modify€Mr.Ð ”ä ÐGoreððs€alimony€obligation,€we€likewise€decline€to€modify€the€amount€of€life€insurance€he€mustÐ €Ð Ðmaintain€to€secure€his€alimony€obligation.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€order€requiringÐ l¼ ÐMr.€Gore€to€maintain€$200,000.00€in€life€insurance€to€secure€his€alimony€obligation.€Ð X ¨ ÐÌò òÓ  ÓJudicial€Noticeó óÐ 0"€  ÐÌÓ7„Óà ½ àThe€fourth€issue€presented€for€our€review€is€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€taking€judicialÐ $X" Ðnotice€of€certain€matters€in€this€case.€€Rule€201€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€permits€a€trialÐ ô$D # Ðcourt€to€take€judicial€notice€of€adjudicative€facts€whether€requested€or€not.€€òòSeeóó€òòTenn.€R.€Ô_ÔEvidÔ_Ô.óóÐ à%0!$ Ð201(c).€€A€trial€court€may€take€judicial€notice€of€only€certain€kinds€of€facts.€€ð ðA€judicially€noticed€factÐ Ì&"% Ðmust€be€one€not€subject€to€reasonable€dispute,€in€that€it€is€either€(1)€generally€known€within€theÐ ¸'#& Ðterritorial€jurisdiction€of€the€trial€court€or€(2)€capable€of€accurate€and€ready€determination€by€resortÐ ¤(ô#' Ðto€sources€whose€accuracy€cannot€reasonably€be€questioned.ðð€€òòTenn.€R.€Ô_ÔEvidÔ_Ô.óó€201(b).Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà ½ àIn€the€case€at€bar,€the€trial€court€took€judicial€notice€that€ð ðthere€is€an€implied€prejudice€toÐ ° Ðâ âpeople€with€facial€disfigurements,€in€the€workplace,€though€not€always€overtly€prejudiced,€thoseÐ œì Ðindividuals€with€facial€disfigurements€are€often€not€accorded€the€same€kind€of€treatment€as€peopleÐ ˆØ Ðwith€attractive€facial€features.€€As€a€result,€the€Court€found€that€Ms.€Gore€faces€an€uphill€battle€in€theÐ tÄ Ðwork€place€in€attempting€to€have€certain€options€available€to€her€that€she€might€not€otherwise€have.ðð€Ð `° ÐWe€find€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€taking€judicial€notice€that€Ms.€Goreððs€facial€disfigurement€wouldÐ L œ Ðcause€her€to€face€an€uphill€battle€in€the€workplace€due€to€an€implied€prejudice€to€people€with€facialÐ 8 ˆ Ðdisfigurements.€€This€is€not€the€kind€of€fact€of€which€a€court€may€take€judicial€notice.€€This€fact€isÐ $ t Ðsubject€to€reasonable€dispute€in€that€it€is€neither€generally€known€within€the€territorial€jurisdiction€ofÐ  ` Ðthe€trial€court€nor€capable€of€accurate€and€ready€determination€by€resort€to€sources€whose€accuracyÐ ü L  Ðcannot€reasonably€be€questioned.Ð è 8  ÐÌà ½ àAlthough€we€find€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€taking€judicial€notice,€we€find€this€error€wasÐ À  Ðharmless€in€that€it€did€not€affect€the€merits€of€the€trial€courtððs€decision.€€The€trial€court€took€judicialÐ ¬ü  Ðnotice€of€an€implied€prejudice€to€Ms.€Gore€in€the€workplace€in€the€context€of€its€alimony€award€to€Ms.Ð ˜è  ÐGore.€€The€trial€court€stated,€however,€that€it€also€considered€Ms.€Goreððs€age€and€limited€capacity€toÐ „Ô  Ðearn€income€comparable€to€Mr.€Gore,€Ms.€Goreððs€contributions€as€a€housewife€to€the€marital€estate,Ð pÀ ÐMr.€Goreððs€fault,€all€the€factors€listed€in€section€36„5„101(d)(1),€all€the€evidence,€and€the€credibilityÐ \¬ Ðof€Ms.€Gore€as€a€witness€in€making€its€award€of€alimony€in€futuro.€€We€find€that€the€evidenceÐ H˜ Ðpreponderates€in€favor€of€the€trial€courtððs€award€of€alimony€in€futuro€€even€absent€the€judiciallyÐ 4„ Ðnoticed€fact€of€an€implied€prejudice€to€Ms.€Gore€in€the€workplace.€€Accordingly,€we€find€that€the€trialÐ  p Ðcourtððs€error€was€harmless€error€in€that€it€did€not€affect€the€merits€of€the€trial€courtððs€decision.Ð  \ ÐÌà@^^$Æàò òChild€Supportó óˆÐ ä4 ÐÌà ½ àThe€fifth€issue€presented€for€our€review€is€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€awarding€Ms.€GoreÐ ¼  Ðchild€support€in€the€amount€of€$1,712.00€per€month.€€In€determining€child€support,€courts€must€applyÐ ¨ø Ðas€a€Ô_ÔrebuttableÔ_Ô€presumption€the€Tennessee€Child€Support€Guidelines€(ð ðthe€Guidelinesðð)€promulgatedÐ ”ä Ðby€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Human€Services.€€òòSeeóó€òòTenn.€Code€Ann.óó€ðð€36„5„101(e)(1)€(Supp.Ð €Ð Ð2000).€€Under€the€Guidelines,€the€amount€of€child€support€is€calculated€based€on€a€percentage€of€theÐ l¼ ÐÔ_ÔobligorÔ_Ô€parentððs€net€income.€€òòSeeóó€òòTenn.€Comp.€R.€&€Ô_ÔRegsÔ_Ô.óó€ch.€1240„2„4„.03€(1994).€€For€two€minorÐ X ¨ Ðchildren,€as€in€the€case€at€bar,€that€percentage€is€thirty„two€percent.€€òòSee€id.óó€€òòóóSince€the€GuidelinesÐ D!” Ðspeak€in€terms€of€percentages,€the€trial€court€is€required€to€determine€the€Ô_ÔobligorÔ_Ôððs€net€income€beforeÐ 0"€  Ðit€can€set€child€support.€€òòSee€id.óó€Ð #l! ÐÌà ½ àApplying€the€Guidelines€is€straightforward€when€the€Ô_ÔobligorÔ_Ôððs€income€is€stable.€€It€is€commonÐ ô$D # Ðfor€an€Ô_ÔobligorÔ_Ôððs€income€to€fluctuate,€however,€because€income€may€include€overtime€pay,€bonuses,Ð à%0!$ Ðstock€options,€or€other€incentive€compensation.€€The€Guidelines€require€that€gross€income€includesÐ Ì&"% Ðall€income€from€any€source€including€variable€income€such€as€commissions,€bonuses,€overtime€pay,Ð ¸'#& Ðor€dividends.€€òòSeeóó€òòTenn.€Comp.€R.€&€Ô_ÔRegsÔ_Ô.óó€r.€1240„2„4„.03(3)(a)€(1994).€€If€an€Ô_ÔobligorÔ_Ô€parentÐ ¤(ô#' Ðreceives€overtime€pay,€as€in€the€case€at€bar,€that€variable€income€ð ðshould€be€averaged€and€added€toÐ )à$( Ðthe€Ô_ÔobligorÔ_Ôððs€fixed€salary.ðð€€òòTenn.€Comp.€R.€&€Ô_ÔRegsÔ_Ô.€óór.€1240„2„4„.03(3)(b)€(1994).€€€The€GuidelinesÐ |*Ì%) Ðdo€not€prescribe€how€variable€income€should€be€averaged€for€establishing€current€child€supportÐ h+¸&* Ðobligations.€€For€past€child€support€obligations,€however,€the€Guidelines€do€prescribe€that€incomeÐ ° Ðshould€be€averaged€over€a€period€of€two€years.€€òòSeeòòóó€Tenn.€Comp.€R.€&€Ô_ÔRegsÔ_Ô.óó€r.€1240„2„4„.04(e)Ð œì Ð(1997).€€Referring€to€this€provision,€the€court€of€appeals€in€òòBrown€v.€Brownóó,€No.€03A01„9812„CV„Ð ˆØ Ð00417,€1999€WL€552854,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€July€28,€1999),€stated:Ð tÄ ÐÌà ½ àà  àWhile€this€provision€does€not€mandate€that€trial€courts€average€Ð L œ Ðà ½ àà  àvariable€monthly€income€from€the€past€two€years€to€determine€Ð 8 ˆ Ðà ½ àà  àgross€income€for€current€child€support,€it€does€reflect€the€legislative€Ð $ t Ðà ½ àà  àintent€that€when€the€exact€amount€of€gross€income€is€not€known€Ð  ` Ðà ½ àà  àan€average€must€be€taken,€and€a€period€of€two€years€is€an€appropriate€Ð ü L  Ðà ½ àà  àtime€period€to€average€that€income.€Ð è 8  ÐòòId.óóÐ Ô$  ЀÌà ½ àThe€courts€must€determine€on€a€case„by„case€basis€the€most€appropriate€way€to€averageÐ ¬ü  Ðvariable€income€for€current€child€support.€€òòSee€Ô_ÔHanselmanÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔHanselmanÔ_Ôóó,€No.€M1998„00919„COA„Ð ˜è  ÐR3„CV,€2001€WL€252792,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Mar.€15,€2001).€€In€Tennessee,€courts€haveÐ „Ô  Ðconsistently€rejected€basing€child€support€obligations€on€variable€income€averages€of€short€duration.€Ð pÀ ÐòòSee€id.óó€at€*5€(rejecting€a€proposed€several„months€average€in€favor€of€a€three„year€average);€òòÔ_ÔMiglinÔ_ÔÐ \¬ Ðv.€Ô_ÔMiglinÔ_Ôóó,€No.€01A01„9802„CH„00080,€1999€WL€398205,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€June€18,€1999)Ð H˜ Ð(rejecting€a€proposed€four„month€average€in€favor€of€a€one„year€average);€òòÔ_ÔWhitfieldÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔWhitfieldÔ_Ôóó,€No.Ð 4„ Ð03A01„9404„CV„00140,€1994€WL€465796,€at€*2€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Aug.€30,€1994)€(rejecting€a€five„Ð  p Ðpay„period€average€in€favor€of€a€one„year€average).€€Courts€have€consistently€approved€basing€childÐ  \ Ðsupport€obligations€on€variable€income€averages€for€periods€of€a€year€or€longer€when€warranted€byÐ øH Ðthe€circumstances.€€òòSee€Alexander€v.€Alexanderóó,€34€S.W.3d€456,€464„65€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€2000)Ð ä4 Ð(adopting€a€four„year€average);€òòNorton€v.€Nortonóó,€No.€W1999-02176-COA-R3CV,€2000€WL€52819Ð Ð  Ðat€*7€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Jan.€10,€2000)€(adopting€a€two„year€average);€òòSmith€v.€Smithóó,€No.€01A01„9705„Ð ¼  ÐCH„00216,€1997€WL€672646,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Oct.€29,€1997)€(adopting€a€three„year€average);Ð ¨ø ÐòòBell€v.€Bellóó,€No.€01A01„9511„CH„00493,€1996€WL€548150,€at€*1€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Sept.€25,€1996)Ð ”ä Ð(adopting€a€four„year€average).€Ð €Ð ÐÌà ½ àIn€the€case€at€bar,€the€trial€court€ordered€Mr.€Gore€to€pay€child€support€to€Ms.€Gore€in€theÐ X ¨ Ðamount€of€$1,712.00€per€month.€€The€trial€court€stated€that€it€calculated€child€support€based€on€Mr.Ð D!” ÐGoreððs€gross€average€income€of€$7,676.00€per€month€for€the€first€seven€months€of€the€year€2000.€Ð 0"€  ÐBecause€Mr.€Goreððs€gross€income€includes€overtime€pay,€and€in€accordance€with€the€courts€inÐ #l! ÐTennessee,€we€find€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€averaging€Mr.€Goreððs€gross€income€over€a€period€ofÐ $X" Ðonly€seven€months.€€A€two„year€average€would€be€a€more€appropriate€period€in€the€case€at€bar.€Ð ô$D # ÐAccordingly,€we€reverse€the€trial€courtððs€award€of€child€support€in€the€amount€of€$1,712.00€per€monthÐ à%0!$ Ðand€remand€for€a€redetermination€of€child€support€based€on€an€average€of€Mr.€Goreððs€overtime€payÐ Ì&"% Ðover€the€two€year€period€prior€to€the€trial.€€Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà@ÆÆ*ÆàˆÌÌÐ h+¸&* Ðà@L L Æàò òLife€Insurance€to€Secure€Child€Support€Obligationó óˆÐ ° ÐÌà ½ àThe€sixth€issue€presented€for€our€review€is€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€requiring€Mr.€GoreÐ ˆØ Ðto€maintain€$150,000.00€in€life€insurance€to€secure€his€child€support€obligation.€€Mr.€Gore€does€notÐ tÄ Ðdispute€that€he€is€required€to€maintain€life€insurance€to€secure€his€child€support€obligation.€€Rather,Ð `° ÐMr.€Gore€argues€that€the€amount€of€life€insurance€that€the€trial€court€ordered€that€he€maintain€is€inÐ L œ Ðerror.€€We€agree.€€We€reversed€the€amount€of€child€support€Mr.€Gore€was€ordered€to€pay€by€the€trialÐ 8 ˆ Ðcourt€and€remanded€for€a€redetermination€of€child€support€in€accordance€with€this€opinion.€€Likewise,Ð $ t Ðwe€must€reverse€the€amount€of€life€insurance€Mr.€Gore€was€ordered€to€maintain€to€secure€his€childÐ  ` Ðsupport€obligation€because€the€trial€court€based€this€determination€upon€the€original€amount€of€childÐ ü L  Ðsupport€that€Mr.€Gore€was€ordered€to€pay.€€Accordingly,€we€remand€to€the€trial€court€for€aÐ è 8  Ðredetermination€of€the€amount€of€life€insurance€Mr.€Gore€must€maintain€to€secure€his€child€supportÐ Ô$  Ðobligation€based€upon€the€redetermination€of€child€support.€Ð À  ÐÌò òó óà@¯¯"Æàò òRestraining€Orderó óˆÐ ˜è  ÐÌà ½ àThe€seventh€issue€presented€for€our€review€is€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€permanentlyÐ pÀ Ðenjoining€Mr.€Gore€from€taking€the€children€in€the€presence€of€Ms.€Cannon.€€On€July€19,€2001,€Mr.Ð \¬ ÐGore€filed€a€motion€in€this€Court€to€consider€the€post€judgment€fact€that€he€had€married€Ms.€CannonÐ H˜ Ðon€June€16,€2001.€€At€oral€argument€in€this€case,€the€attorney€for€Mr.€Gore€argued€that€the€marriageÐ 4„ Ðhad€a€bearing€on€whether€the€restraining€order€should€remain€in€effect.€€The€attorney€for€Ms.€GoreÐ  p Ðagreed€at€oral€argument€that€the€children€could€be€in€the€presence€of€Ms.€Cannon€now€that€Mr.€GoreÐ  \ Ðand€Ms.€Cannon€were€married.€€The€attorney€for€Ms.€Gore€stated€that€as€a€result€of€the€marriage,€theÐ øH Ðrestraining€order€was€no€longer€an€issue€on€appeal.€€Without€reaching€the€merits€of€the€trial€courtððsÐ ä4 Ðdecision€to€initially€impose€the€restraining€order,€we€find€that€the€restraining€order€is€no€longerÐ Ð  Ðappropriate€in€light€of€the€marriage€of€Mr.€Gore€and€Ms.€Cannon.€€Accordingly,€we€vacate€theÐ ¼  Ðrestraining€order€enjoining€Mr.€Gore€from€taking€the€children€in€the€presence€of€Ms.€Cannon.€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà@œ œ Æàò òFailure€to€File€a€Responsive€Pleadingó óˆÐ €Ð ÐÌà ½ àThe€eighth€issue€presented€for€our€review€is€whether€Mr.€Goreððs€failure€to€file€a€responsiveÐ X ¨ Ðpleading€constituted€an€admission€of€Ms.€Goreððs€allegations€regarding€the€financial€issues.€€BecauseÐ D!” Ðwe€have€resolved€the€financial€issues€without€regard€to€Mr.€Goreððs€failure€to€file€a€responsiveÐ 0"€  Ðpleading,€this€issue€is€Ô_ÔpretermittedÔ_Ô.Ð #l! ÐÌà@88$Æàò òUnclean€Handsó óˆÐ ô$D # ÐÌà ½ àThe€ninth€issue€presented€for€our€review€is€whether€the€trial€court€properly€refused€to€considerÐ Ì&"% ÐMr.€Goreððs€proposals€as€to€property€division€and€alimony€due€to€Mr.€Goreððs€ð ðunclean€hands.ðð€Ð ¸'#& ÐBecause€we€have€resolved€the€property€division€and€alimony€issues€without€regard€to€whether€Mr.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐGore€had€ð ðunclean€hands,ðð€this€issue€is€Ô_ÔpretermittedÔ_Ô.Ð )à$( ÐÌà@ÆÆ*ÆàˆÐ h+¸&* Ðà@,,#Æàò òAttorneyððs€Feesó óˆÐ ° ÐÌà ½ àThe€final€issue€presented€for€our€review€is€whether€this€Court€should€award€Ms.€Gore€herÐ ˆØ Ðattorneyððs€fees€on€appeal.€€Ms.€Gore€argues€that€she€lacks€liquid€assets€to€pay€her€attorneyððs€fees€onÐ tÄ Ðappeal€and€will€be€compelled€to€dissipate€marital€assets€if€this€Court€fails€to€award€her€attorneyððs€feesÐ `° Ðon€appeal.€€An€award€of€attorneyððs€fees€is€ð ðappropriate€when€the€spouse€seeking€them€lacks€sufficientÐ L œ Ðfunds€to€pay€his€or€her€own€legal€expenses€or€would€be€required€to€deplete€his€or€her€resources€inÐ 8 ˆ Ðorder€to€pay€these€expenses.ðð€òòSmith€v.€Smithóó,€984€S.W.2d€606,€610€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997)€(citingÐ $ t ÐòòBrown€v.€Brownóó,€913€S.W.2d€163€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1994)).€€If€a€wife€is€financially€unable€to€affordÐ  ` Ðcounsel€and€the€husband€has€the€ability€to€pay,€the€court€may€order€the€husband€to€pay€the€attorneyððsÐ ü L  Ðfees€of€the€wife.€€òòSee€Ô_ÔKincaidÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔKincaidÔ_Ôóó,€912€S.W.2d€140,€144€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1995).€€Though€oneÐ è 8  Ðspouse€may€receive€most€of€the€assets€in€a€trial€courtððs€division€of€property,€the€court€may€still€awardÐ Ô$  Ðattorneyððs€fees€to€allow€that€spouse€to€preserve€the€assets€awarded.€€òòSee€Wilson€v.€Wilsonóó,€987Ð À  ÐS.W.2d€555,€566€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1998)€(citing€òòLancaster€v.€Lancasteróó,€671€S.W.2d€501€(Tenn.€Ct.Ð ¬ü  ÐApp.€1984)).€€We€find€that€Ms.€Gore€does€not€have€sufficient€liquid€assets€to€pay€her€attorneyððs€feesÐ ˜è  Ðon€appeal€and€Mr.€Gore€has€the€financial€ability€to€pay€Ms.€Goreððs€attorneyððs€fees.€€Mr.€Gore€shouldÐ „Ô  Ðbear€the€reasonable€fees€of€Ms.€Goreððs€attorney€on€appeal.€€Accordingly,€we€remand€this€issue€to€theÐ pÀ Ðtrial€court€to€determine€and€award€a€reasonable€fee€for€the€time€and€expense€of€Ms.€Goreððs€attorneyÐ \¬ Ðon€appeal.€€òòSee€Holt€v.€Holtóó,€995€S.W.2d€68,€78€(Tenn.€1999).Ð H˜ ÐÌà@--#Æàò òIV.€€Conclusionó óˆÐ  p ÐÌà ½ àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€the€decision€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed€in€part,€reversed€in€part,Ð øH Ðand€vacated€in€part.€€We€remand€this€case€to€the€trial€court€for€further€proceedings€consistent€with€thisÐ ä4 Ðopinion.€Costs€of€this€appeal€are€taxed€against€the€Appellant,€George€D.€Gore,€and€his€surety,€forÐ Ð  Ðwhich€execution€may€issue€ifÔ#†XáXXXáI#ÔÔ#†¼T»XXá#Ô€Ô€XáX»¼TÔnecessary.Ð ¼  ÐÔ_ÔÌÌÔ_Ôà@ÆÆ*ÆàˆÌÌÌÌà ½ àà  àà m àà Å àà  àà u àà Í àà % àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð V"¦  Ðóóà ½ àà  àà m àà Å àà  àà u àà Í àà % àALAN€E.€HIGHERS,€Ô_ÔJUDGEÔ_Ô