ÿWPCÇ hÐI8Ú!ÊeÔ2Ê`ÔåÖð†¹³¡peÙgZ©bšÆò§^WÙpö׿ß+Ñ!Òb`ÎÊèUøZ¬}熑âI™]pT´ZNZ#Ú…ºðôjï¯ÝÎÃ!¾Æ*ùbu/L à"#ÔÔ‡X—ÿXXX—ÿÔòòò ò€WhitakerÐ v%Æ $ Ðv.€Whitakeróóó óÔ#†X—ÿXXX—ÿ’@#ÔÔ‡X—ÿXXX—ÿÔ,€957€S.W.2d€834,€837€(Tenn.€App.€1997).€€The€weight,€faith,€and€credit€to€be€givenÐ `&°!% Ðto€any€witnessððs€testimony€lies€in€the€first€instance€with€the€trier€of€fact,€and€the€credibilityÐ J'š"& Ðaccorded€will€be€given€great€weight€by€the€appellate€court.€€òòò òIdó óóó.;€ò òòòIn€re€Estate€of€Walton€v.€Youngó óóó,Ð 3(ƒ#' Ð950€S.W.2d€956,€959€(Tenn.€1997).Ô#†X—ÿXXX—ÿ A#ÔÔ‡X"ÔXXX—ÿÔÐ )m$( Ðò òòòÌâ âAllocation€of€Faultó óóóÐ ð*@&* Ðò òòòà  àó óóóThe€Graves€first€assert€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€allocating€forty€percent€(40%)€of€theÐ ° Ðâ âfault€in€this€case€to€Mr.€Graves.€Although€appellate€courts€generally€give€the€trier€of€factÐ ™é Ðð ðconsiderable€latitude€in€allocating€percentages€of€fault€to€negligent€parties,ðð€where€the€evidenceÐ ‚Ò Ðpreponderates€against€the€trial€courtððs€findings,€we€may€modify€the€allocation€of€fault.€òòò òWright€v.Ð k» ÐCity€of€Knoxvilleó óóó,€898€S.W.2d€177,€181€(Tenn.1995).׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€In€reviewing€the€allocation€of€fault,€weÐ U¥ Ðreview€issues€of€fact€òòò òde€novo€ó óóóon€the€record€of€the€trial€court.€òòò òSee€id.ó óóóÐ ?  ÐÌà  àIn€this€case,€we€hold€that€the€trial€court€did€err€in€allocating€Mr.€Graves€forty€percentÐ  b Ð(40%)€of€the€fault€and€allocating€Mr.€Jeter€sixty€percent€(60%€)€of€the€fault.€Our€review€of€Mr.Ð û K ÐGravesðð€actions€reveals€that€his€only€negligent€act€was€failing€to€check€his€blind€spot€beforeÐ ä 4  Ðproceeding€with€his€turn.€€Although€his€negligence€was€a€contributing€cause€of€the€accident,€itÐ Í   Ðwas€relatively€minor€when€viewed€in€light€of€Mr.€Jeterððs€actions.€It€is€uncontested€in€the€recordÐ ¶  Ðthat€Mr.€Jeter€was€traveling€at€an€excessive€rate€of€speed€and€that€he€was€attempting€to€pass€Mr.Ð Ÿï  ÐGraves€in€a€no€passing€zone.€€Because€the€record€clearly€shows€that€the€majority€of€the€fault€forÐ ˆØ  Ðthis€accident€lay€with€Mr.€Jeter,€we€accordingly€modify€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€and€assignÐ qÁ  Ðninety€percent€(90%)€of€the€fault€to€Mr.€Jeremy€Jeter€and€ten€percent€(10%)€of€the€fault€to€Mr.Ð Zª  ÐGraves.€€We€now€turn€to€the€Appellantsðð€remaining€issues,€which€involve€the€trial€courtððs€awardÐ C“ Ðof€damages.Ð ,| Ðò òòòÌDamagesóóó óÐ ÿO ÐòòÌEarning€CapacityóóÐ Ò" ÐÌà  àIn€an€action€for€personal€injury€in€Tennessee,€a€plaintiff€may€recover€damages€for€loss€ofÐ ¤ô Ðearning€capacity.€òòò òSee€Marress€v.€Carolina€Direct€Furniture,€Inc.ó óóó,€785€S.W.2d€121,€123€(Tenn.Ð Ý ÐCt.€App.1989);€òòò òSouthern€Coach€Lines,€Inc.€v.€Wilsonó óóó,€214€S.W.2d€55,€56€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.1948).Ð wÇ ÐDamages€for€lost€earning€capacity€are€measured€not€by€the€amount€of€the€plaintiff's€lost€wagesÐ a± Ðbut€by€the€extent€of€impairment€to€the€plaintiff's€ability€to€earn€a€living.€òòò òSee€Terminex€Int'l€Co.Ð Jš ÐLtd.€Partnership€v.€Tennessee€Ins.€Guar.€Ass'nó óóó,€845€S.W.2d€772,€777€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.1992);Ð 4„ Ðòòò òDingus€v.€Cainó óóó,€406€S.W.2d€169,€171€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.1966)òòò òó óóó.€In€determining€the€extent€of€aÐ n Ðplaintiff's€loss€of€earning€capacity,€this€Court,€in€ò òòòLawrence€v.€Brightonó óóó,€No.Ð  X Ð02A01-9801-CV-00020,€1998€WL€749418,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1998),€discussed€factors€to€beÐ ò B Ðconsidered,€to€wit:Ð Û!+  ÐÓ  ÓÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[I]t€is€proper€to€take€into€consideration€plaintiff's€age,€and€in€likeÐ ­#ý" Ðmanner,€attention€may€be€brought€to€his€health,€character,€capacity,Ð –$æ# Ðability€to€work,€intelligence,€skill,€talents,€experience,€training,€andÐ %Ï $ Ðindustry.€In€addition,€it€is€proper€to€consider€plaintiff's€habits,€andÐ h&¸!% Ðother€personal€qualities.€Other€matters€to€be€considered€are€plaintiff'sÐ Q'¡"& Ðsurroundings,€record€of€employment,€and€station€in€life,€hisÐ :(Š#' Ðexpectancy€of€life,€his€occupation,€business€or€profession,€the€effectÐ ° Ðof€the€injury€thereon,€the€value€of€his€services,€avenues€of€occupationÐ ™é Ðopen€to€him,€and€the€physical€capacity€of€plaintiff€to€perform€hisÐ ‚Ò Ðwork€at€the€time€he€was€injured€and€thereafter.€òòò òMarrassó óóó,€785€S.W.2dÐ k» Ðat€123-24;€òòò òClinchfield€R.R.€Co.ó óóó,€417€S.W.2d€at€215;€25€C.J.S.Ð U¥ ÐDamages€ðð€87(b)€(1966).€Ð? ` x` x ÐÌÓ PÓThe€role€of€the€trier€of€fact€is€to€consider€all€evidence€regarding€these€and€other€relevant€factors,Ð  a Ðgiving€proper€weight€to€each€item€of€proof€as€it€deems€appropriate.€òòò òSee€Clinchfield€R.R.€Co.ó óóó,Ð ú J Ð417€S.W.2d€210,€215€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1966).Ð ä 4  ÐÌà  àPrior€to€this€accident,€Mr.€Graves€ran€a€small€logging€business,€in€which€he€did€most€ofÐ ¶  Ðthe€physical€labor€himself.€He€had€also€worked€as€a€carpet€layer€for€his€son„in„law.€€€Due€to€theÐ Ÿï  Ðdegenerative€problems€in€his€neck,€Mr.€Graves€was€forced€to€cut€back€on€his€work€in€the€monthsÐ ˆØ  Ðpreceding€the€accident.€€We€quote€from€his€treating€physicianððs€deposition:Ð qÁ  ÐÓ  ÓÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ€[to€Dr.€Segal,€Mr.€Gravesðð€neurologist].€And€the€reason€why€heÐ C“ Ð[Mr.€Graves]€was€in€your€office€is€because€he€was€starting€to€haveÐ ,| Ðsome€problems,€wasnððt€he?Ðe` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€He€was€having€pain€in€the€neck€and€arms,€yes,€sir.Ðç7` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€€And€he€had€already€told€you€that€the€problems€were€soÐ ¹  Ðsignificant€that€they€were€causing€him€to€cut€back,€to€some€degree,€onÐ ¢ò Ðhis€work,€is€that€correct?ЋÛ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes.Ð]­` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€So€when€he€was€in€your€office€the€very€first€time€prior€to€theÐ / Ðaccident,€he€already€was€starting€to€cut€back€work€on€his€own.Ðh` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes.Ðê :` x` x ÐÌà  àIn€addition€to€Mr.€Gravesðð€ability€to€work€being€hindered€by€his€degenerative€condition€priorÐ ¼" ! Ðto€this€accident,€Dr.€Segal€testified€that,€although€Mr.€Gravesðð€prognosis€after€surgery€was€good,Ð ¥#õ" Ðthere€was€no€guarantee€of€full€recovery€given€Mr.€Gravesðð€particular€diagnosis:Ð Ž$Þ# ÐÓmWÓÓ  ÓÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€And€at€the€time€that€you€recommended€the€surgery,€what€wasÐ `&°!% Ðyour€prognosis€for€him€if€he€had€had€the€surgery€as€you€hadÐ I'™"& Ðanticipated?Ð2(‚#'` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€His€prognosis€was€good.€€I€mean€there€was€no€absolute€guarantee,Ð *T%) Ðas€I€told€him.€€Thereððs€about€a€one€or€two€percent€chance€of€causingÐ í*=&* Ðsome€paralysis€or€difficulty€with€the€spinal€cord€from€the€surgeryÐ Ö+&'+ Ðitself€because€the€surgery€is€moving€a€disk€from€off€the€spinal€cord.€Ð ° ÐBut€overall€I€told€him€there€was€a€good€chance€he€would€get€back€toÐ ™é Ðwork€with€some€mild€limitations€because€he€would€have€two€disksÐ ‚Ò Ðremoved,€two€bone€grafts,€and€this€is€going€to€give€him€a€littleÐ k» Ðstiffness€and€soreness€of€his€neck,€but€I€would€expect€him€to€get€backÐ T¤ Ðto€work€after€this.Ð= ` x` x ÐÌà  àWhere€the€issues€involve€expert€medical€testimony€and€all€the€medical€proof€is€contained€inÐ  _ Ðthe€record€by€deposition,€as€it€is€in€this€case,€then€this€Court€may€draw€its€own€conclusions€aboutÐ ø H Ðthe€weight€and€credibility€of€that€testimony,€since€we€are€in€the€same€position€as€the€trial€judge.€WithÐ á 1  Ðthese€principles€in€mind,€we€review€the€record€to€determine€whether€the€evidence€preponderatesÐ Ê   Ðagainst€the€findings€of€the€trial€court.€òòò òKrick€v.€City€of€Lawrenceburgó óóó,€945€S.W.2d€709,€712Ð ³  Ð(Tenn.1997).€€The€Appellants€contend€that,€but€for€the€alleged€additional€spinal€cord€injuries€broughtÐ í  Ðabout€by€the€accident,€Mr.€Graves€would€have€made€a€full€recovery€and€would€have€been€able€toÐ †Ö  Ðresume€full€duties€as€a€logger.€€The€testimony€of€Dr.€Segal€indicates€that€such€a€result€is€the€goal€ofÐ o¿  Ðsurgery€but€is€not€absolutely€guaranteed.€In€fact,€Dr.€Segal€testified€that,€in€his€opinion,€Mr.€GravesÐ X¨  Ðwill€not€be€able€to€return€to€logging€in€the€near€future:Ð A‘ ÐÓÖ\ÓÓ  ÓÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€...And€I€[Dr.€Segal]€feel€that€my€statement€of€July€of€last€yearÐ c Ðwhen€I€said€logging€was€not€for€him€[Mr.€Graves]€now,€and€thatððsÐ üL Ðstill€true.Ðå5` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Do€you€think€thatððs€permanent?з` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€I€feel€that€his€problems€are€permanent.€€Heððs€made€a€goodÐ ‰Ù Ðrecovery€but€heððs€left€with€permanent€problems€that€prevent€him€fromÐ r Ðcarrying€out€his€ò òmainó ó€occupation...Ð[«` x` x ÐÌÓ‹eÓÓZÓ(Emphasis€added).à8 ¸ àà8¸ ¸ àÐ0€ÈÈ ÐÌà  àAlthough€Dr.€Segal€opined€that€logging€was€not€within€Mr.€Gravesðð€present€abilities,€thereÐ  R Ðis€nothing€in€this€record€to€suggest€that€Mr.€Graves€is€unable€to€resume€some€form€of€employment.€Ð ë ; ÐThis€coupled€with€the€fact€that€Mr.€Graves€had€already€been€forced€to€cut€back€on€his€work€beforeÐ Ô!$  Ðthe€accident€and€the€testimony€of€Dr.€Segal€that€there€were€no€guarantees€of€recovery€to€the€extentÐ ½" ! Ðthat€Mr.€Graves€would€have€been€able€to€resume€a€full€work€load,€leads€us€to€conclude€that€theÐ ¦#ö" Ðevidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€Mr.€Graves€suffered€noÐ $ß# Ðadditional€loss€of€earning€capacity€as€a€direct€result€of€this€accident.Ð x%È $ ÐÓ"hÓÓPÓòòÌPermanent€InjuryÐ J'š"& ÐóóÌà0  àAppellants€also€assert€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€finding€that€Mr.€Graves€suffered€onlyÐ)l$((#(# Ðminimal€permanent€injury€as€a€result€of€the€accident.€€As€noted€above,€Dr.€Segalððs€testified€that€Mr.Ð *U%) ÐGraves€is€left€with€ð ðpermanent€problems€that€prevent€him€from€carrying€on€his€main€occupation.ðð€Ð î*>&* ÐPrior€to€the€accident,€Dr.€Segal€reviewed€Mr.€Gravesðð€MRIs€and€found€degenerative€changes,€whichÐ ×+''+ ÐDr.€Segal€testified€meant€ð ðwear€and€tear€with€age,€wearing€outðð.€€Dr.€Segal€further€testified€that€heÐ ° Ðfound€these€degenerative€changes€ð ðfrighteningðð€in€that€they€put€Mr.€Gravesðð€spinal€cord€at€great€riskÐ ™é Ðfor€injury.€€Another€set€of€MRIs€was€taken€on€November€23,€2000,€one€day€after€the€accident€inÐ ‚Ò Ðquestion.€€Dr.€Segal€testified,€in€relevant€part,€as€follows€concerning€any€changes€he€noted€betweenÐ k» Ðthe€first€set€of€MRIs€(taken€before€the€accident)€and€the€set€of€MRIs€taken€after€the€accident:Ð T¤ ÐÓºkÓÓ  ÓÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€...But€now€in€the€cervical,€at€C„3€and€C„4,€at€each€level€[the€post„Ð & v Ðaccident€MRIs€show]€there€is€significant€dorsal€cord€displacement,Ð  _ Ðspinal€cord€diameter€narrowing,€and€cord€compression.Ðø H` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Is€there€any€document€that€you€have€that€indicates€that€[injury]Ð Ê   Ðwas€not€present€before€the€accident?г ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€No.€€This€is€essentially€what€he€[Mr.€Graves]€had€at€the€timeÐ …Õ  Ðwhen€I€first€saw€him.Ðn¾ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€So€this€is€the€same€thing€he€had€when€you€first€saw€him€in€earlyÐ @ ÐNovember€of€2000;€correct?Ð)y` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Correct.ÐûK` x` x ÐÓ_pÓÓgÓÌDr.€Segal€went€on€to€testify€that,€although€the€MRIs€taken€before€and€after€the€accident€are€the€same,Ð Í Ðneurological€symptoms€may€be€evident€that€are€not€picked€up€on€an€MRI.€€The€record€does,Ð ¶ Ðhowever,€indicate€that€Dr.€Segal€performed€the€exact€surgery€on€Mr.€Gravesðð€cervical€spine€that€wasÐ Ÿï Ðplanned€prior€to€the€accident.€€In€the€instant€case,€Appellants€take€issue€with€the€trial€courtððsÐ ˆØ Ðcharacterization€of€Mr.€Gravesðð€permanent€injuries€as€ð ðminimalðð.€€We€note€that€no€evidence€wasÐ qÁ Ðadduced€at€trial€concerning€the€percentage€of€impairment€suffered€by€Mr.€Graves€and€no€expertsÐ Zª Ðopined€as€to€whether€his€injuries€were,€in€fact,€drastic€or€minimal.€€Consequently,€we€cannot€say€thatÐ C“ Ðthe€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€any€permanent€injuries€Mr.€GravesÐ ,| Ðmay€have€suffered€as€a€direct€result€of€this€accident€were€minimal.€€Ð e Ðò òòòÌReasonable€CompensationÐ è 8 Ðó óÌà  àóóAppellants€contend€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€award€ð ðreasonable€compensationðð€to€them.€Ð »" ! ÐSpecifically,€Appellants€assert€three€points€of€error:€(1)€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€awarding€Mr.Ð ¤#ô" ÐGraves€damages€for€lost€income;€(2)€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€adequately€compensating€Mrs.Ð $Ý# ÐGraves€for€her€alleged€injuries;€and€(3)€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€award€any€damages€for€lossÐ v%Æ $ Ðof€consortium.€Ð _&¯!% ÐòòÌLost€IncomeóóÐ 1(#' ÐÌà  àAs€set€out€òòsupraóó,€the€trial€court€awarded€Mr.€Graves€$30,000€in€damages€and€awarded€Mrs.Ð *S%) ÐGraves€$2,000€in€damages€without€itemization.€€It€is,€therefore,€difficult€to€discern€exactly€howÐ ì*<&* Ðmuch,€if€any,€compensation€Mr.€Graves€received€for€lost€income.€€In€other€words,€there€is€noÐ Õ+%'+ Ðevidence€that€part€or€all€of€the€$30,000€award€was€not€for€lost€income.€€The€following€relevantÐ ° Ðtestimony€concerning€actual€lost€income€was€adduced€at€trial:Ð ™é ÐÓ tÓÓ  ÓÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€...Letððs€talk€about€your€[Mr.€Gravesðð]€income,€first.€€I€want€to€talkÐ k» Ðto€you€now€about€your€area€of€income,€sir,€and€what€you€say€are€yourÐ T¤ Ðwages.€€Do€you€have€present€in€front€of€you€your€income€tax€returns,Ð =  Ðsir?Ð& v` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à*€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€*Ðø H` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àIf€you€would,€letððs€look€first€at€your€1997€records.€€Okay.ÐÊ  ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àYou€have€that€in€front€of€you,€Mr.€Graves?Мì ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à*€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€*Ðn¾ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Okay.Ð@` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Now,€the€ðð97€return,€that€was€the€year€that€you€were€also€in€theÐ b Ðcarpet...business;€is€that€correct?ÐûK` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à*€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€*ÐÍ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Пï` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à*€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€*ÐqÁ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€And€that€year,€the€numbers€that€you€were€asked€about€by€Ms.Ð C“ ÐPhillips€[attorney€for€the€Graves],€you€were€asked€about€the€grossÐ ,| Ðreceipts.€€In€other€words,€all€of€the€money€that€that€business€took€inÐ e Ðbefore€it€paid€out€expenses;€isnððt€that€right?ÐþN` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes.ÐÐ!  ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€So,€the€gross€receipts€[are]€not€the€same€thing€as€the€amount€ofÐ ¢#ò" Ðmoney€that€you€actually€earned€that€was€your€spending€money;€true?Ћ$Û#` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ð]&­!%` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Now,€the€gross€that€you€testified€to€in€ðð97€in€the€carpet€business,Ð /(#' Ðyou€had€gross€receipts€of€$10,644,€didnððt€you?Ð)h$(` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ðê*:&*` x` x ÐÐ Ó+#'+ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€But,€you€didnððt€tell€us€what€the€expenses€were,€did€you?а` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€No,€sir.ЂÒ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€After€the€expenses€were€taken€out,€you€made€a€profit€of€onlyÐ T¤ Ð$5,265.00;€true?Ð= ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ð _` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Now,€I€donððt€mean€only,€I€am€just€saying€that€the€gross€receiptsÐ á 1  Ð[are]€not€what€you€earned;€true?ÐÊ  ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€True.Мì ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€What€you€earned€was€$5,265.00;€correct?Ðn¾ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ð@` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Now,€there€was€no€income€that€year,€gross€income,€gross€receiptsÐ b Ðthat€year€with€respect€to€the€logging€business;€is€that€true?ÐûK` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.ÐÍ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€That€came€in€ðð98,€didnððt€it?Пï` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.ÐqÁ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€And€you€were,€again,€asked€by€Ms.€Phillips€about€how€muchÐ C“ Ðmoney€you€made€in€ðð98,€didnððt€you,€sir?Ð,|` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.ÐþN` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€And€you€testified€that€the€carpeting€business,€that€you€said€thatÐ Ð!   Ðyour€income€was,€and€you€testified€was€$9,188.00.€€Is€that€what€youÐ ¹" ! Ðsaid?Т#ò"` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ðt%Ä $` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€But€thatððs€not€what€you€made€with€your€expenses€taken€out,€wasÐ F'–"& Ðit?Ð/(#'` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€No,€sir.Ð*Q%)` x` x Ðâ âÐ ê*:&* Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€So,€your€expenses,€after€they€were€taken€out,€left€you€with€moneyÐ ° Ðâ âthat€you€earned,€and€that€amount€was€$4,856.00;€is€that€true?Йé` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€I€donððt€know.€€I€canððt€find€it.Ðk»` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Well,€I€will€tell€you€this,€that€according€to€your€documents€andÐ =  Ðrecords€in€front€of€you,€your€expenses€were€as€follows:€Car€and€truckÐ & v Ðexpenses€$3,858.00;€repairs€and€maintenance€$436.00;€legal€expensesÐ  _ Ðof€$38.00;€leaving€you€a€total€expenses€of€$4,342.00.€€Have€you€anyÐ ø H Ðreason€to€doubt€those€figures?€€Those€are€from€your€own€records.Ðá 1 ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€No,€sir.г ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€And€what€you€actually€earned€was€not€$9,000,€but€actually€youÐ …Õ  Ðearned€$4,856.00€isnððt€that€right?Ðn¾ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ð@` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Now,€you€also€had€some€gross€receipts€from€a€logging€businessÐ b Ðin€ðð98,€didnððt€you,€sir?ÐûK` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.ÐÍ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€And€that€figure,€that€you€testified€earlier,€when€you€were€askedÐ Ÿï Ðwhat€you€made,€you€said€that€you€made€$16,845.00;€true?ЈØ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.ÐZª` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€But,€thatððs€not€what€you€actually€made.€€And€that€was€before€youÐ ,| Ðtook€out€expenses,€wasnððt€it?Ðe` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ðç 7` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Actually,€you€had€a€loss€that€year€of€$8,742.00,€didnððt€you,€sir?й" !` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.€€I€guess€so.Ћ$Û#` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Well,€this€is€ðð98.€€Take€your€time.€€And€please€look€at€yourÐ ]&­!% Ðrecords€to€see€if€I€am€right€or€wrong.ÐF'–"&` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Okay.Ð)h$(` x` x Ðâ âÐ *Q%) Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Now,€again,€my€question€is€this:€You€testified€previously,€whenÐ ° Ðasked€how€much€you€earned€in€ðð98€from€the€logging€business,€youÐ ™é Ðsaid€$16,845.00;€didnððt€you?ЂÒ` x` x Ðâ âÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€I€believe€I€was€asked€what€was€my€gross,€is€what€I€was€asked.€Ð T¤ ÐAnd€thatððs€what€I€answered.Ð= ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Okay.€€Letððs€talk€about€what€you€actually€earned,€then,€okay?Ð _` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Okay.Ðá 1 ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€You€actually€lost€$8,743.00,€didnððt€you,€sir?г ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ð…Õ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€And€you€had€expenses€of€$25,588.00,€true?ÐW§ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ð)y` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€So,€there€was€no€income€that€year€at€this€point€to€you;€correct?ÐûK` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€No,€sir.ÐÍ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€And€you€lost€almost€$9,000.00;€didnððt€you?Пï` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€I€guess€so.ÐqÁ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Donððt€guess.€€Is€that€true€or€not€true?ÐC“` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Thatððs€what€it€[the€tax€return]€says.Ðe` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Okay.€€Now,€letððs€look€at€1999.€€You€were€asked€about€grossÐ ç 7 Ðreceipts€from€1999.€€You€testified€that€there€was€$59,562.00;€true?ÐÐ!  ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Т#ò"` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€However,€after€the€expenses€were€taken€out,€your€income€thatÐ t%Ä $ Ðyear€from€the€logging€business€was€$2,726.00;€true?Ð]&­!%` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ð/(#'` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€You€had€expenses€of€costs€of€goods,€depreciation,€repairs€andÐ *Q%) Ðmaintenance,€and€other€expenses,€which€added€up€to€$35,192.00;Ð ê*:&* Ðisnððt€that€true?ÐÓ+#'+` x` x Їà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.а` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€And€leaving€you€with€$2,726.00€to€take€home;€true?ЂÒ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.ÐT¤` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Letððs€look€at€2000.€€You€testified€that€the€gross€receipts€that€youÐ & v Ðearned€in€2000€were€$74,632.00;€true?Ð _` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ðá 1 ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€However,€the€2000€return€that€you€have€in€front€of€you€has€no€W„Ð ³  Ð2€to€support€that€number;€does€it?Мì ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€No.Ðn¾ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Those€are€gone.€€We€donððt€know€where€they€are,€do€we?Ð@` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€No,€sir.Ðb` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€So,€we€canððt€look€and€see€if€thatððs,€in€fact,€the€correct€amount,€canÐ ä4 Ðwe,€sir?ÐÍ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€No,€sir.Пï` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€And,€also,€you€were€not€asked€what€the€expenses€were.€€And€theÐ qÁ Ðexpenses€in€2000€were€$46,899.00;€true?ÐZª` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ð,|` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€You€made€a€profit€the€year€of€the€accident€of€$1,022.00;€true,€sir?ÐþN` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.ÐÐ!  ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€So,€what€we€know€is,€that€the€first€year€you€went€into€business,Ð ¢#ò" Ðyou€lost€$9,000.00;€true?Ћ$Û#` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€True.Ð]&­!%` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€And€the€second€year€that€you€were€in€business,€you€made€justÐ /(#' Ðunder€$3,000.00;€true?Ð)h$(` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ðê*:&*` x` x ÐÐ Ó+#'+ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€And€the€third€year€you€were€in€business,€you€made€just€overÐ ° Ð$1,000.00;€true?Йé` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ðk»` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€So,€when€Ms.€Phillips€asked€you€earlier,€was€your€businessÐ =  Ðincreasing€or€decreasing,€you€were€actually€making€less€money€thanÐ & v Ðthe€first€year€that€you€made€a€profit;€true?Ð _` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ðá 1 ` x` x ÐÓá|ÓÓsÓÌFrom€our€review€of€the€entire€record,€we€cannot€say€that€there€is€any€evidence€to€suggest€that€Mr.Ð ³  ÐGravesðð€lost€income€exceeded€$30,000.00,€or€was,€in€actuality,€close€to€that€figure.€€Consequently,Ð œì  Ðwe€cannot€say€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trial€courtððs€award€of€damages€for€lostÐ …Õ  Ðincome.Ð n¾  ÐòòÌCompensation€for€Mrs.€Graves€injuriesÐ @ ÐóóÌà0  àMrs.€Graves€received€a€total€award€of€$2,000.00.€€As€with€the€award€of€$30,000.00€to€Mr.Ðb(#(# ÐGraves,€there€is€no€indication€in€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€as€to€exactly€what€injuries,€and€in€whatÐ ûK Ðproportion,€the€$2,000€is€meant€to€compensate.€€What€we€glean€from€the€record€is€that€Mrs.€GravesÐ ä4 Ðsuffered€no€permanent€injuries€in€the€accident.€€In€terms€of€the€number€of€days€of€work€that€sheÐ Í Ðmissed€due€to€the€accident,€at€trial€she€testified€that€she€had€missed€approximately€six€weeks€to€fifty„Ð ¶ Ðnine€days€of€work€to€care€for€Mr.€Graves€after€the€accident.€€On€cross€examination,€attorney€for€theÐ Ÿï ÐDefendants€confronted€Mrs.€Graves€with€an€earlier€sworn€Interrogatory€Response€where€she€statedÐ ˆØ Ðthat€she€had€missed€nineteen€days€from€work,€to€wit:Ð qÁ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€...[W]hen€you€[Mrs.€Graves]€signed€this€[Interrogatory€Response],Ð C“ Ðyou€only€missed€19€days;€true?Ð,|` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€No.€€I€donððt€think€it€is€true€because€they€called€me€up.€€After€youÐ þN Ðtake€off€so€many€days,€they€call€you€in€and€talk€to€you€about€the€time,Ð ç 7 Ðthat€you€have€lost€from€work.ÐÐ!  ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àSo,€actually,€at€that€time,€that€was€a€hard€time€for€not€just€forÐ ¢#ò" Ðme,€but€for€the€Jeters€also,€I€am€sure.Ћ$Û#` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àBut,€if€you€want€to€take€the€19€days,€thatððs€fine€with€me.Ð]&­!%` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€What€I€would€like€to€take€is€whatððs€true.Ð/(#'` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Well,€sir,€when€I€signed€that€19€days€sounded€fine,€but€I€know€IÐ *Q%) Ðtook€six€weeks€off.Ðê*:&*` x` x ÐÐ Ó+#'+ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Nineteen€days€sounded€fine,€but€today,€six€weeks€sounds€better.а` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€It€doesnððt€sound€any€better.€€I€wish,€that€I€hadnððt€had€to€be€off€atÐ ‚Ò Ðall,€sir.Ðk»` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à*€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€*Ð= ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€I€am€going€to€read€to€you€the€Interrogatories€that€was€[sic]€issued:€Ð  _ Ðð ðIf€Plaintiffs€are€making€any€claim€for€lost€wages,€state€the€amountÐ ø H Ðof€income€alleged€to€have€been€lost€and€the€name€of€the€employerÐ á 1  Ðregarding€same.€€Please€give€the€days€Plaintiffs€claim€to€be€off€workÐ Ê   Ðand€rate€of€pay€for€all€times€relevant.ðð€€Did€you€hear€what€I€read?г ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ð…Õ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€And€thatððs€what€the€Interrogatories€are€talking€about,€isnððt€it?ÐW§ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ð)y` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Is€there€anything€in€there€that€you€didnððt€understand?ÐûK` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€No,€sir.ÐÍ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€And€I€am€reading€Interrogatory€Number€5€from€the€PlaintiffsððÐ Ÿï ÐResponses€to€Defendants,€Hubert€Jeter€and€Jeremy€Jeter.ЈØ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àAnd€now,€here€is€my€point,€Mrs.€Graves,€according€to€thisÐ Zª Ðprintout€that€I€am€looking€at,€there€are€59€days€claimed€to€have€beenÐ C“ Ðmissed.€€You€agree€with€that?€€I€have€counted€them,€59.Ð,|` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Okay.ÐþN` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Fifty„seven€of€them€occurred€before€September€11,€2001.€€YouÐ Ð!   Ðunderstand€that?й" !` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ћ$Û#` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€All€right.€€So,€on€September€11òòthóó,€2001,€according€to€this,€you€hadÐ ]&­!% Ðmissed€57€days.€€Do€you€understand€that?ÐF'–"&` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€I€understand€what€it€says.Ð)h$(` x` x Ðâ âÐ *Q%) Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€But,€yet,€on€September€11òòthóó€when€you€signed€this€[InterrogatoryÐ ° ÐResponse],€and€you€swore€it€was€true,€you€swore€you€only€missed€19Ð ™é Ðdays;€is€that€right?ЂÒ` x` x Ðâ âÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Thatððs€what€I€said.ÐT¤` x` x ÐÌBased€upon€the€conflict€between€Mrs.€Gravesðð€answers€to€Defendantsðð€Interrogatories€and€herÐ & v Ðtestimony€at€the€hearing,€we€cannot€say€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€its€finding€that€Mrs.€GravesÐ  _ Ðð ðmiss[ed]€19€days€of€work€as€a€result€of€the€accident.ðð€€Any€conflict€between€the€InterrogatoryÐ ø H ÐResponse€and€the€testimony€at€trial€comes€down€to€a€question€of€Mrs.€Gravesðð€credibility.€As€notedÐ á 1  Ðòòsupraóó,Ô#†X—ÿXXX"ÔÜB#Ô€wòòóóÔ‡X—ÿXXX—ÿÔhen€the€resolution€of€the€issues€in€a€case€depends€upon€the€truthfulness€of€witnesses,€theÐ Ê   Ðtrial€judge€who€has€the€opportunity€to€observe€the€witnesses€in€their€manner€and€demeanor€whileÐ ³  Ðtestifying€is€in€a€far€better€position€than€this€Court€to€decide€those€issues.€€ò òòòMcCaleb€v.€Saturn€Corp.ó óóó,Ð œì  Ð910€S.W.2d€412,€415€(Tenn.€1995);Ô#†X—ÿXXX—ÿÿÅ#ÔÔ‡X—ÿXXX—ÿÔòòò ò€Whitaker€v.€Whitakeróóó óÔ#†X—ÿXXX—ÿÎÇ#ÔÔ‡X—ÿXXX—ÿÔ,€957€S.W.2d€834,€837€(Tenn.€App.€1997).Ð †Ö  ÐÌà  àConcerning€Mrs.€Gravesðð€medical€expenses,€during€preliminary€matters,€Plaintiffsðð€counselÐ Y©  Ðstated€that€Mrs.€Gravesðð€medical€expenses€had€not€been€attached€to€the€Complaint,€to€wit:Ð B’ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMR.€BRAGORGOS€[attorney€for€Defendants]:€...[T]here€has€been€noÐ d Ðmedical€proof€taken€for€Mrs.€Graves.€€And€it€has€not€been€attached.€Ð ýM ÐAnd€it€has€never€been€proven.€€And€I€would€ask€that€it€not€be€broughtÐ æ6 Ðup€because€there€is€no€proof€documenting€it....ÐÏ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMS.€PHILLIPS€[attorney€for€Plaintiffs]:€Your€Honor,€Mrs.€GravesÐ ¡ñ Ðhas,€approximately,€$700€worth€of€medical€bills,€which€we€did€not,Ð ŠÚ Ðthrough€inadvertance,€attach€to€our€complaint.ÐsÃ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àHer€injuries€were€slight,€bruising,€headaches€and€that€sort€ofÐ E• Ðthing....ÓÓà  àÐ.~` x` x ÐÓÓà  àAlthough€the€trial€court€did€allow€Mrs.€Graves€to€testify€about€what€happened€and€whatÐ  P Ðinjuries€she€suffered,€no€proof€was€offered€at€trial€concerning€her€medical€expenses.€€Mrs.€GravesððÐ é 9 Ðtestimony€concerning€her€injuries€was€as€follows:[134]Ð Ò!"  ÐÓ‹®ÓÓ  ÓÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€What€happened€to€you€in€the€interior€of€the€cab€of€the€truck€at€theÐ ¤#ô" Ðaccident?€€What€happened€to€you?Ð$Ý#` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Well,€I€hit€my€head.€€I€had€severe€headaches.€€And€my€neck€andÐ _&¯!% Ðshoulders€hurt.€€But€as€far€as€being€seriously€injured,€I€wasnððt.€€I€hadÐ H'˜"& Ðhigh€blood€pressure€after€that.€€And€I€had€headaches€after€that.Ð1(#'` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€Had€you€had€high€blood€pressure€before?Ð*S%)` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€I€did.ÐÕ+%'+` x` x ЇÓ3ÎÓÓ­ÓBased€upon€Mrs.€Gravesðð€own€testimony€concerning€the€extent€of€her€injuries€and€the€fact€that€noÐ ° Ðproof€of€medical€expenses€was€offered€at€trial,€€we€cannot€say€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€reasonablyÐ ™é Ðcompensate€Mrs.€Graves€in€this€regard.Ô#†X—ÿXXX—ÿ1È#ÔÔ‡X"ÔXXX—ÿÔÐ ‚Ò ÐòòÌLoss€of€ConsortiumÐ T¤ ÐóóÌà  àThe€evidence€supporting€the€Gravesðð€claim€for€loss€of€consortium€is€based€upon€theÐ & v Ðrespective€testimony€of€Mr.€Graves€and€Mrs.€Graves.€€Mrs.€Graves€testified€that,€when€Mr.€GravesÐ  _ Ðwas€released€from€the€hospital€after€the€accident,€he€suffered€bowel€and€bladder€incontinence€andÐ ø H Ðthat€he€had€to€be€fed,€dressed,€and€bathed€by€her€for€some€weeks.€€Both€of€the€Graves€testified€aboutÐ á 1  Ðthe€loss€of€their€sexual€relationship€due€to€his€neurological€injury.€€The€Graves€also€testified€that€theyÐ Ê   Ðwere€no€longer€able€to€enjoy€certain€activities€such€as€fishing€and€hunting€and€participation€in€aÐ ³  Ðpuppet€ministry€at€church.€€The€testimony€concerning€any€loss€of€consortium€comes€down€toÐ œì  Ðwhether€the€trial€court€trusted€in€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses.€€Ô#†X—ÿXXX"ÔKÒ#ÔÔ‡X—ÿXXX—ÿÔThe€weight,€faith,€and€credit€to€beÐ …Õ  Ðgiven€to€any€witnessððs€testimony€lies€in€the€first€instance€with€the€trier€of€fact,€and€the€credibilityÐ n¾  Ðaccorded€will€be€given€great€weight€by€the€appellate€court.€€òòò òIn€re€Estate€of€Walton€v.€Youngó óóó,€950Ð W§  ÐS.W.2d€956,€959€(Tenn.€1997).Ô#†X—ÿXXX—ÿVÖ#ÔÔ‡X"ÔXXX—ÿÔ€€In€addition€to€the€credibility€issues,€from€the€trial€courtððs€judgment,Ð A‘ Ðwe€cannot€determine€what,€if€any,€portion€of€the€$30,000€and€$2,000€judgments€in€favor€of€Mr.Ð *z ÐGraves€and€Mrs.€Graves€respectively,€was€for€loss€of€consortium.€€However,€be€it€all€or€none€of€theÐ c Ðaward,€we€cannot,€based€upon€the€record€before€us,€say€that€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trialÐ üL Ðcourtððs€finding.Ð å5 Ðò òòòÌReduction€in€the€Standard€of€LivingÐ ¸ Ðó óóóÌà  àThe€Appellants€contend€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€finding€that€they€suffered€ð ðno€loss€of€theirÐ ‹Û Ðstandard€of€living.ðð€€Concerning€any€detriment€to€their€standard€of€living,€Mr.€Graves€testified,€inÐ tÄ Ðrelevant€part,€as€follows:Ð ]­ ÐÓýÐÓÓ  ÓÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€And€your€incomes€have€not€changed,€your€adjusted€gross€incomesÐ / Ðha[s]€not€changed,€has€it,€sir?Ðh` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€No,€sir.Ðê :` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€But,€yet€you€told€us€that€the€standard€of€living€that€you€enjoyedÐ ¼" ! Ðis€gone;€isnððt€that€right?Ð¥#õ"` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ðw%Ç $` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€But,€the€money€to€pay€for€the€standard€of€living€which€you€andÐ I'™"& Ðyour€wife€enjoyed€hasnððt€changed€at€all,€has€it,€really,€sir?Ð2(‚#'` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€No,€sir.Ð*T%)` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à*€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€*ÐÖ+&'+` x` x Їà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€So,€to€recap€very€quickly,€when€you€told€us€that€your€standard€ofÐ ° Ðliving€had€changed,€we€know€now€that€that€is€not€true;€is€that€right,Ð ™é Ðsir?ЂÒ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€I€guess.ÐT¤` x` x ÐÌMrs.€Graves€testified,€in€relevant€part,€as€follows:Ð & v ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€So€when€you€tell€us€that€you€donððt€have€money€to€do€things€likeÐ ø H Ðyou€used€to€or€when€your€husband€says€you€donððt€have€money,Ð á 1  Ðactually€your€earning€power€has€not€changed€at€all,€based€on€theÐ Ê   Ðincome€tax€returns€this€Court€is€looking€at€today,€is€that€a€trueÐ ³  Ðstatement?Мì ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ðn¾ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.€€That€is€true?Ð@` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.€€Yes,€sir.Ðb` x` x ÐÌBased€upon€the€Gravesðð€own€testimony,€we€cannot€say€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€finding€that€theÐ ä4 ÐGravesðð€standard€of€living€was€not€adversely€altered€as€a€result€of€this€accident.Ð Í ÐÌà  àBased€on€the€foregoing,€we€modify€the€findings€of€the€trial€court€as€to€the€percentage€of€faultÐ Ÿï Ðto€90%€for€Jeremy€Jeter€and€10%€to€William€Graves,€thus€modifying€the€damages€allotted€toÐ ˆØ ÐWilliam€Graves€to€$27,000.00€and€allotted€to€Tressie€Graves€to€$1,800.00.€€As€modified,€theÐ qÁ Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€Costs€of€the€appeal€are€assessed€to€the€Appellee,€Jeremy€S.Ð Zª ÐJeter.Ð C“ ÐÓÛÓÔ#†X—ÿXXX"Ôî×#ÔÔ#†¼Ññ»XX—ÿ #ÔÔ€X—ÿX»¼ÑñÔÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h à__________________________________________Ð Ð!   Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àW.€FRANK€CRAWFORD,€PRESIDING€JUDGE,€W.S.