ÿWPCù 2Q3ß(JÜíÉCÑ·Ù3!_ç|Ü/‚ G')ö“.¨`Šàùd´¦u$GeÚtœRfSxà Tå«hlNƒEL˜zùxØ¡½sr#mÙî²(?§4¼G ¢™êpÿé—˜SóéTõóøû]³à廄LcG½‡ŒïŒÇÖZ…ÛëOX‚ ܱÅ)9@GÝ_We2äõêx ÓÁÇrœêcx¦oc¬ÎÜ+ æfì­wÄÑ6aâÄ–×÷­…ÎGǿΘqUÕˆs"ã'gyO€ä§†êÆNµI-úÛCöÐoéš ÒÅUS·yBëÀF8…¦€¬cA…y|žMwi¶#œ-$®·]6Ö÷¬¦Xº:’Ó©Zäé~‰»šAr`lÕ5®Œ¸ñŒƒvz¸ê‡z ú !Íg†°QL“vظ•BSîÏ=*àÒ29wÒq&!†ÿ_Äû·Š5¶ˆŠKá!¶1Öù¹—{ 89Ú„^õUºRhêaý—/ëìô@ÒÑE7óêk};[ðÚ©åxäâf4ØÏè—zéýðÔ_+Å|a‚b†__¼XÕóäS–hùBYöH;°äMù[×—‹Ì§9­w ÈO… Y{ݯB%åPühó®)`4@T 0(c‹w“—UN™ 0lç 0DS m—#!®NÏ ^ Ñ 0›Ý 0x 0r UBw UN¹    5 U:DDUB~ %ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ BÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆ AQãÆ4 0Dú 0D> 0D‚‚ D3ÆtpO'ÔøÔô3|x($¡¡(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular((3úÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 8000 DN PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ05…S'L L9ÿÿ6Block TextBlock TextÒ   ÒÒ à ÒÓ  ÓÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔV!ÿÿ:footnote texfootnote textÓ  ÓÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  Ô`‰‰ÿÿ:footnote reffootnote referenceÔ‡XXXÔÔW‡ô\  `*Times New RomanTTWÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔòòóóÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ‡ôôôÔÔW‡ô\  `*Times New RomanTTWÔô\  `*Times New RomanTT(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman Regular  +Ý ƒ[¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€XýXXXÔÔ€è¶EçXXýÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€næçè¶EÔÐ  ÐÌOctober€15,€1999ÌÌCecil€Ô_ÔCrowsonÔ_Ô,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAxÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX dZ[\]_Cþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó&&&&'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔѰÑÒܰÒÑ ý ÑÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ8€ÀXXdêdÈ8ÑÔ€XðlXXXÔÔ€ŠÄЋXXðlÔò òßx€Y_B2.jzÿI `€€@ÿE­QŽtt¨¦å‰ xßÔ_Ôà 4 àà Œ àà ä àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALSÐ  ÐÌà@44%‚àAT€KNOXVILLEˆà œ àà ô àÐ   Ðó óÌÌÌLORI€LEE€GRISSOM€(BROWN),à0 ì à)€C/A€NO.€03A01„9902„CV„00061Ð ì(#ì(# Ðà 4 àà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì à)Ìà 4 àà Œ àAppellant,à0 < àà0”<(#<(#àà0ì”(#”(#à)€KNOX€CIRCUITÐì(#ì(# Ðà 4 àà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì à)Ìvs.à0 4 àà0Œ 4(#4(#àà0ä Œ (#Œ (#àà0<ä (#ä (#àà0”<(#<(#àà0ì”(#”(#à)€HON.€BILL€SWANN,Ð ì(#ì(# Ðà 4 àà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì à)€JUDGEÌJEFFREY€DONALD€GRISSOM,à0 ì àà0Dì(#ì(#à)Ð D(#D(# Ðà 4 àà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì à)€REVERSED€ANDÌà 4 àà Œ àAppellee.à0 < àà0”<(#<(#àà0ì”(#”(#à)€REMANDEDÐì(#ì(# ÐÌÌJACK€W.€PIPER,€JR.,€OððCONNOR,€PETTY,€CHILD€&€BOSWELL,€Knoxville,€forÏAppellant.ÌÌROBERT€L.€CROSSLEY,€THE€CROSSLEY€LAW€FIRM,€P.C.,€Knoxville,€forÏAppellee.ÌÌÌÌÌÌà@%‚àò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óˆÐ " ÐÌÌà 4 àà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àFranks,€J.ÌÌÌÔ‡ŠÄЋ‹ŠÄÐÔÓÓà 4 àà Œ àIn€this€action,€the€Trial€Judge€determined€the€former€husband€(husband)Ð (!! Ðwas€no€longer€obligated€to€make€alimony€payments€to€the€former€wife€(wife),€asÏagreed€upon€by€the€parties€in€their€Marital€Dissolution€Agreement.Ìà 4 àà Œ àThis€matter€was€previously€before€the€Court€on€appeal€after€the€TrialÏJudge,€allowing€only€legal€arguments€and€no€witnesses,€ruled€that€the€monthlyÏpayments€terminated€as€a€matter€of€law€upon€the€wifeððs€remarriage.€€This€CourtÏremanded,€holding€that€ð ðan€evidentiary€hearing€is€required€in€order€to€determine€theÏintention€of€these€parties€and€arrive€at€the€justice€of€the€caseðð.Ìà 4 àà Œ àUpon€remand,€an€evidentiary€hearing€was€held,€and€the€Trial€Court€thenÏentered€its€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€which€can€be€summarized€as€follows:Ð :33ýÀ ÐÔ_Ô‡ÓÓà0 4 àà0Œ 4(#4(#à1.à ä àThe€termination€on€death€provision€was€added€to€the€alimonyÐ  Ðparagraph€in€order€to€make€the€payments€taxable€to€wife€and€deductibleÐ   Ðto€husband.€Ð Œ (#Œ (# ÐÌà0 4 àà0Œ 4(#4(#à2.à ä àThe€alimony€payments€were€support€and€not€property€division.€€Ð Œ (#Œ (# ÐÌà0 4 àà0Œ 4(#4(#à3.à ä àThe€parties€and€the€attorneys€then€representing€the€partiesÐ   Ðintended€that€the€alimony€payments€would€not€be€modified€unless€theÐ $ Ðwife€died,€otherwise€they€would€continue€for€the€ten€year€period.€€Ð( Œ (#Œ (# ÐÌà0 4 àà0Œ 4(#4(#à4.à ä àThe€alimony€was€not€calculable€on€the€date€the€Final€Decree€wasÐ 0(  Ðentered.€€Ð4, Œ (#Œ (# ÐÌà0 4 àà0Œ 4(#4(#à5.à ä àChapter€96€of€the€Public€Acts€of€1994€(T.C.A.€ðð36„5„Ð <4  Ð101(a)(2)(B))€should€be€applied€to€this€alimony€obligation,€such€that€itÐ @8 Ðwould€automatically€terminate€as€of€the€date€of€wifeððs€remarriage€onÐ D< ÐMay€26,€1995,€and€amended€the€partiesðð€Marital€Dissolution€AgreementÐ H@ Ðin€accordance€therewith.€€ÐLDŒ (#Œ (# ÐÌà0 4 àà0Œ 4(#4(#à6.à ä àHusband€can€recover€from€wife€the€sum€of€$1,275.00,€whichÐ TL Ðrepresents€the€alimony€paid€to€her€since€the€date€of€her€remarriage,€sinceÐ XP Ðshe€did€not€give€husband€notice€of€her€remarriage.€€(Execution€of€thisÐ \T Ðmoney€judgment€was€stayed€pending€conclusion€of€this€appeal,€butÐ `X Ðinterest€was€ordered€at€the€statutory€rate€from€the€date€of€the€courtððsÐ d\ Ðorder€forward.)€Ðh`Œ (#Œ (# ÐÌÓÓòòà 4 àóóà Œ àThe€Trial€Judgesðð€finding€of€fact€come€to€us€with€a€presumption€ofÐ p!h Ðcorrectness,€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€otherwise,€but€the€conclusions€made€byÐ x#p Ðthe€Trial€Judge€come€to€us€without€presumption€of€Correctness.€€T.R.A.P.€Rule€13(d).Ð €%x Ðà 4 àà Œ àWhen€the€parties€were€divorced€they€executed€a€Ô‡X[BXˆŠi›Ô€Ô#†Ši›ˆXX[BØ#ÔMarital€DissolutionÐ ˆ'€  ÐAgreement€which€was€incorporated€in€the€Final€Decree,€and€provides,€in€pertinentÐ )ˆ"" Ðpart:Ð ˜+$$ ÐÓÓà0 4 àà0Œ 4(#4(#àHusband€shall€pay€the€Wife€as€alimony€in€solido€the€sum€ofÐ  -˜&& Ð$221,000.00,€which€alimony€in€solido€shall€be€payable€$425.00€perÐ ¤.œ'' Ðweek€for€ten€(10)€years,€or€520€consecutive€weeks,€on€Fridays€of€eachÐ ¨/ (( Ðweek,€beginning€the€first€Friday€after€the€Final€Judgment€of€Divorce€isÐ ¬0¤)) Ðentered,€however,€the€alimony€in€solido€monthly€payments€shallÐ °1¨** Ðterminate€upon€the€Wifeððs€death.д2¬++Œ (#Œ (# ÐÌÓÓÒ °Òà 4 àà Œ àWithin€one€year€of€the€partiesðð€divorce,€the€wife€remarried,€and€theÐ ¼4´-- Ðhusband€€filed€a€Petition€for€Contempt€of€Court€and€Modification€of€the€FinalÐ Ä6¼// ÐDecree,€which€raised€the€issue€of€whether€the€monthly€payments€should€beÐ Ì8Ä11 Ðterminated€due€to€the€wifeððs€remarriage.€€Significantly,€both€parties€and€theirÐ  Ðattorneys€testified€that€they€believed€the€payments€would€continue€for€the€entireÐ   Ðten„year€period,€unless€the€wife€died.€€All€witnesses€further€testified€that€no€otherÐ   Ðconditions€were€imposed€that€would€terminate€the€alimony.€€The€wife€testified€thatÐ   Ðshe€and€the€husband€discussed€whether€she€might€remarry,€and€she€told€the€husbandÐ (  Ðthat€ð ðthere€is€no€way€that€I€could€answer€thatðð.€€The€wife€testified€that€she€and€theÐ 0(  Ðhusband€discussed€that€if€she€did€remarry,€the€alimony€would€not€end.€€TheÐ 80  Ðhusband€testified€that€he€ð ðdidnððt€feel€like€she€would€remarryÔ#†ŠÀ¶ˆˆŠi›} #ÔÔ‡Ši›ˆˆŠÀ¶Ôðð.€€Ð @8 Ðà 4 àà Œ àEvery€witness€except€the€husband€testified€that€ð ðalimony€in€solidoððÐ H@ Ðmeant€alimony€that€was€not€modifiable.€€The€husband€and€his€attorney€testified€thatÐ PH Ðthey€reviewed€the€Marital€Dissolution€Agreement€before€husband€signed€it,€and€feltÐ XP Ðthat€it€accurately€reflected€the€partiesðð€agreement.Ð `X Ðà 4 àà Œ àThe€record€before€us€supports€the€findings€of€fact€made€by€the€TrialÐ h` ÐCourt,€that€the€parties€intended€the€payments€would€not€be€modified€and€that€theÐ p!h Ðparties€intended€the€payments€would€be€financial€security€for€wife€in€lieu€of€herÐ x#p Ðcontinued€employment€in€the€partiesðð€business.€€T.R.A.P.€Rule€13(d).€€However,€weÐ €%x Ðconclude€that€the€Trial€Courtððs€determination€that€the€this€obligation€terminatedÐ ˆ'€  Ðautomatically€as€a€result€of€the€wifeððs€remarriage€pursuant€to€T.C.A.€ðð36„5„Ð )ˆ"" Ð101(a)(2)(B),€is€erroneous.€€This€statute€provides:Ð ˜+$$ ÐÓÓà0 4 àà0Œ 48"48"àIn€all€cases€where€a€person€is€receiving€alimony€in€futuro€or€alimonyÐ  -˜&& Ðthe€amount€of€which€is€not€calculable€on€the€date€the€decree€wasÐ ¤.œ'' Ðentered,€and€that€person€remarries,€the€alimony€in€futuro€or€alimonyÐ ¨/ (( Ðthe€amount€of€which€is€not€calculable€on€the€date€the€decree€wasÐ ¬0¤)) Ðentered,€will€terminate€automatically€and€unconditionally€upon€theÐ °1¨** Ðremarriage€of€the€recipient.€€The€recipient€shall€notify€the€obligor€ofÐ ´2¬++ Ðthe€remarriage€timely€upon€remarriage.€€Failure€of€the€recipient€toÐ ¸3°,, Ðtimely€give€notice€of€the€remarriage€will€allow€the€obligor€to€recoverÐ ¼4´-- Ðall€amounts€paid€as€alimony€in€futuro€or€alimony€the€amount€of€whichÐ À5¸.. Ðis€not€calculable€on€the€date€the€decree€was€entered,€to€the€recipientÐ Ä6¼// Ðafter€the€recipient's€marriage.ÐÈ7À00Œ 8"Œ 8" ÐÌÓú"Óð ðA€basic€principle€of€statutory€construction€is€to€ascertain€and€give€effect€toÐ Ð9È22 Ðlegislative€intent€without€unduly€restricting€or€expanding€the€intended€scope€of€aÐ  Ðstatute.€€This€means€the€Court€must€examine€the€language€of€a€statute€and,€ifÐ   Ðunambiguous,€apply€its€ordinary€and€plain€meaning.ðð€€òòParks€v.€Tennessee€Mun.Ð   ÐLeague€Risk€Management€Pool,óó€974€S.W.2d€677,€679€(Tenn.€1998).€€Ð   Ðà 4 àà Œ àT.C.A.€ðð36„5„101€is€subtitled€ð ðDecree€for€support€of€spouse€andÐ (  Ðchildren€„€Modification€„€Delinquencies.ðð€€The€entire€section€deals€with€instructingÐ 0(  Ðtrial€courts€on€making€awards€of€alimony/child€support,€the€factors€which€may€beÐ 80  Ðproperly€considered€to€determine€the€amount,€etc.€€The€subsection€in€questionÐ @8 Ð[(a)(2)(B)]€follows€directly€after€the€subsection€which€authorizes€the€court€toÐ H@ Ðð ðprovide€for€the€future€support€of€a€spouseðð€by€setting€an€amount€to€be€paid€inÐ PH Ðmonthly,€semimonthly,€or€weekly€installments.€€T.C.A.€ðð36„5„101(a)(2)(B)€appliesÐ XP Ðwhen€the€court€has€ordered€alimony€in€futuro,€not€when€the€parties€haveÐ `X Ðcontractually€bound€themselves€to€a€fixed€alimony€provision.€T.C.A.€ðð36„4„Ð h` Ð103(a)(2),€by€contrast,€specifically€provides€that€parties€may€enter€into€a€MaritalÐ p!h ÐDissolution€Agreement€which€ð ðmay€include€the€obligation€and€payment€ofÐ x#p Ðalimony,€in€solido€or€in€futuro,€to€either€of€the€parties,€any€other€provision€of€theÐ €%x Ðlaw€notwithstanding.ðð€€Ð ˆ'€  Ðà 4 àà Œ àFurther,€the€language€of€T.C.A.€ðð36„5„101(a)(2)(B)€expresslyÐ )ˆ"" Ðprovides€that€it€only€applies€to€ð ðalimony€in€futuro€or€alimony€the€amount€of€whichÐ ˜+$$ Ðis€not€calculable€on€the€date€the€decree€was€enteredðð,€and€does€not€expresslyÐ  -˜&& Ðprovide€that€it€applies€to€awards€of€alimony€in€solido.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòIsbell€v.€Isbellóó,€816Ð ¨/ (( ÐS.W.2d€735€(Tenn.€1991)€(where€the€Supreme€Court€held€that€the€language€ofÐ °1¨** ÐT.C.A.ðð36„5„101(a)(3)€demonstrates€that€the€presumption€that€a€former€spouse€nowÐ ¸3°,, Ðliving€with€a€third€party€no€longer€needs€support€only€applies€to€awards€of€alimonyÐ À5¸.. Ðin€futuro.)€€Based€upon€the€language€of€the€statute,€the€legislature€did€not€intend€forÐ È7À00 Ðthis€statute€to€apply€to€alimony€in€solido.€€ò òó óÐ Ð9È22 Ðà 4 àà Œ àThe€case€of€òòSelf€v.€Selfóó,€861€S.W.2d€360€(Tenn.€1993),€is€instructive.€Ð  ÐIn€that€case,€the€trial€court€ordered€ð ðalimony€in€solidoðð€in€the€amount€of€$3,000.00Ð   Ðper€month€for€48€months,€with€the€payments€to€terminate€upon€wifeððs€death€orÐ   Ðremarriage,€and€with€the€payments€being€tax€deductible€to€the€husband.€€When€theÐ   Ðwife€later€sought€to€extend€the€term€of€these€payments,€the€trial€court€found€that€itÐ (  Ðhad€lost€jurisdiction€because€the€alimony€was€in€solido€and€thus€not€modifiableÐ 0(  Ðonce€the€order€became€final.€€The€Supreme€Court€upheld€the€trial€courtððs€ruling,Ð 80  Ðexplaining€that€the€alimony€was€for€a€set€period€of€time,€and€the€contingency€that€itÐ @8 Ðwould€terminate€upon€wifeððs€death€or€remarriage€would€not€defeat€its€purpose.€€òòId.Ð H@ Ðóóat€363.€€òòAlso€seeóó€òòIsbell€v.€Isbellóó,€816€S.W.2d€735€(Tenn.€1991),€citing€with€approvalÐ PH ÐòòGerlach€v.€Gerlachóó,€1988€Tenn.€€App.€LEXIS€(October€6,€1988);€€òòBowers€v.Ð XP ÐBowersóó,€1997€Tenn.€App.€LEXIS€583€(August€28,€1997).€€In€these€cases,€the€courtÐ `X Ðupheld€an€award€of€alimony€which€was€paid€in€installments€as€alimony€in€solido,Ð h` Ðeven€though€the€sum€was€not€specified.€€Ð p!h Ðà 4 àà Œ àIn€the€case€before€us,€the€Marital€Dissolution€Agreement€provided€forÐ x#p Ðthe€total€sum€to€be€paid,€and€the€weekly€amount€of€the€installment€payments€andÐ €%x Ðtheir€duration.€€The€Agreement€further€expressly€stated€that€the€alimony€was€ð ðinÐ ˆ'€  Ðsolidoðð€in€at€least€three€places.€€The€fact€that€the€payments€would€terminate€uponÐ )ˆ"" Ðthe€wifeððs€death€does€not€render€the€amount€indefinite.€€òòSelf,óó€861€S.W.2d€at€363.€Ð ˜+$$ ÐòòAlso€see€Towner€v.€Towneróó,€858€S.W.2d€888€(Tenn.€1993)Ô#†ŠÀ¶ˆˆŠi›q#ÔÔ‡Ši›ˆˆŠÀ¶Ôòò,€óóand€òòHussey€v.€Husseyóó,Ð  -˜&& Ð1996€Tenn.€App.€Lexis€219€(Apr.10,€1996).€Ð ¨/ (( Ðà 4 àà Œ àThe€husband€relies€upon€the€unreported€decision€of€òòBarzizza€v.Ð °1¨** ÐBarzizzaóó,€1992€WL€139862€(Tenn.€App.),€where€the€Western€Section€of€this€CourtÐ ¸3°,, Ðbroadly€stated€that€ð ð(a)s€a€matter€of€law,€alimony€payments€subject€to€aÐ À5¸.. Ðcontingency€„„€in€this€case€Wifeððs€death€„„€cannot€be€alimony€in€solido.ðð€Since€thatÐ È7À00 Ðdecision,€the€Supreme€Court€òòóódecided€òòTowneróó,€and€òòSelf€v.€Selfóó,€861€S.W.2d€360Ð Ð9È22 Ð(Tenn.€1993).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòSpencer€v.€Spenceróó,€1995€Tenn.€App.€LEXIS€498€(July€19,Ð  Ð1995).€Ð   Ðà 4 àà Œ àIn€sum,€we€hold€that€the€parties€did€not€intend€for€the€payments€toÐ   Ðterminate€unless€the€wife€died.€€Further,€we€disagree€with€the€Trial€Judge€thatÐ   ÐT.C.A.€ðð36„5„101(a)(2)(B),€by€operation€of€law,€terminated€these€payments€uponÐ (  Ðthe€remarriage€of€the€wife.€€The€foregoing€authorities€which€we€have€discussed,Ð 0(  Ðdemonstrate€that€the€statute€does€not€apply€to€this€case.€€Ð 80  Ðà 4 àà Œ àWe€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€and€remand€for€the€entryÐ @8 Ðof€a€judgment€in€accordance€with€this€Opinion.€€The€cost€of€the€appeal€will€be€taxedÐ H@ Ðto€the€appellee.Ð PH ÐÌÔ#†ŠÀ¶ˆˆŠi›”9#ÔòòóóÓÓà 4 àà Œ àà0 ä àà0<ä 8"ä 8"àà0”<8"<8"àà0ì”8"”8"à__________________________Ð`Xì8"ì8" Ðà 4 àà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àHerschel€P.€Franks,€J.Ð `X ÐÌCONCUR:Ð ` X ÐÌÌÌ___________________________Ð `$X ÐHouston€M.€Goddard,€P.J.Ð `%X ÐÌÌÌ___________________________Ð `)X"" ÐÔ‡ŠÀ¶ˆˆŠÀ¶ÔD.€Michael€Swiney,€J.Ô#†ŠÀ¶ˆˆŠÀ¶°A#ÔÐ `*X## ÐÌ