ÿWPCî  u“ÔHoPoPÝä‹` ¤8Qdné.žøМȆ’cëƒ?&Ó¿/mÓÉÖqÕ,„sŸÀ/ÙÝȺÍ4Òc~©‘mŸ«í/û^mc~ƒÕ'…Ë7n–$‹´´*]Æ{¾®G3|ÞÀLᥘXË ¿gúú5ÄE š¸cªçR¶á@<<Ã¥E0 OòV÷§¹|‘ä2)|Ù7ãäF ×–ëtiåÜŒ0CºÐaþ,ü÷=¾ÏÉØ_Ó§òr&#ó‹úBrPRËh‚²ŽÏóR¡°¡˜6ñC×\f— t÷‘$éKõ.ÓÄH®Pì7¤ŠÛ<ÓûWUŒbrH¤7(š.>'muy Îþz8ÁÓê5y Jdñ}À Iè<©Ànö¯C(ë},¿Ýõ#VšØ.…à¤!®â5yzÎgრK"PäÌÃ9~°¼ÑFéöqt9/$²Ç½̸Ol°N+ÿ9^KŦ •q×) ø%ãÛWÄη¾+–MévÈÁñT¬>SΉ³Ž&WuÄh5J믖\Î;õz‰|õÒQ?ì#Âþ©„”Ô¤š,ú[§ÈÐV\‡=Ššã†Ú3Áñ¶o™»è:—šéSoÍ¥Í?&ÔÊ '1b %\^ b 0ˆnU)NöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ #ÁÐ Ð Æ‘ ÆW Æ Æã 0D©NííUNïE=Ï???/á=YJw"ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁbãããããããããããããããããããããããããããããããããããã 0ëëëëë BÖÖ 0¤ó D3— D-Ê 0K÷÷ ASBÆ• 0¤[ 0Dÿ A«C »=l“,s (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular8n_+¬P¥3|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular ÅÝ ƒRIJ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô£Mò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Husband€argued€to€the€trial€court€that€the€amount€of€Wifeððs€fees€were€unreasonable€because€his€fees€wereÐ ° Ðsignificantly€less.€€Wife€argued€that,€while€excessive,€a€large€portion€of€her€fees€were€generated€because€of€HusbandððsÐ tÄ Ðrefusal€to€cooperate€and€abide€by€court€orders.€€The€trial€court€determined€that€Wifeððs€attorneyððs€fees€were€notÐ 8ˆ Ðunreasonable€in€light€of€the€circumstances.€€From€our€review€of€the€record,€we€cannot€conclude€that€the€evidenceÐ üL Ðpreponderates€against€that€finding.€€€€ %Ý ƒRIJ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô£Mò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€36„4„121(a)(1)€(2001)€reads€in€pertinent€part:Ð ° Ðà8  àÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  à€€€€€Distribution€of€marital€property.€ð!ð€(a)(1)€In€all€actions€for€divorce€or€legal€separation,€the€courtÐ 8ˆ Ðhaving€jurisdiction€thereof€may,€upon€request€of€either€party,€and€prior€to€any€determination€as€toÐ üL Ðwhether€it€is€appropriate€to€order€the€support€and€maintenance€of€one€(1)€party€by€the€other,€equitablyÐ À Ðdivide,€distribute€or€assign€the€marital€property€between€the€parties€without€regard€to€marital€fault€inÐ „Ô Ðproportions€as€the€court€deems€just. ×Ý ƒRIJ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô£Mò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ô£Mòòô£MÔThe€difference€can€be€accounted€for€by€the€fact€that€$8,175.20Ô#†ô£Mòòô£M~#ÔÔ‡ô£Mòòô£MÔ€in€Husbandððs€BellSouth€stock€was€awarded€toÐ ° ÐWife€and€$4,741.46€was€awarded€to€Husband.€€Also,€Ô#†ô£Mòòô£Mþ#ÔÔ‡ô£Mòòô£MÔthe€court€awarded€Wife€€the€1992€Ford€Van€($3,770),€the€1993Ð tÄ ÐHonda€($1,675),€John€Deere€Mower€($800),€and€a€sewing€machine€($300).€€The€remainder€of€the€property€was€dividedÐ 8ˆ Ðevenly.€€Ô#†ô£Mòòô£M¶#Ô OÝ ƒRIJ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô£Mò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€According€to€the€partiesðð€1999€W„2€statements€and€federal€tax€returns,€Husband€had€gross€earnings€ofÐ ° Ð$56,962.00€and€Wife€had€earned€$14,095.87×Ã×× C ×.€Husband€quit€working€his€extra€jobs,€however,€and€now€claims€that€hisÐ tÄ Ðearnings€will€cap€at€approximately€$45,000€per€year€as€long€as€he€works€for€BellSouth.€€Wife€has€submitted€no€evidenceÐ 8ˆ Ðthat€Husband€is€willfully€underemployed. @Ý ƒR6ï$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ‡ô¯í ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Wifeððs€$14,095.87€includes€$11,502.62€earned€from€her€teaching€position,€$2,248.25€from€her€work€at€theÐ ° ÐBoys€and€Girls€Club,€and€$345.00€from€work€at€a€local€flower€shop. Tangipahoa- ù-(|G2IJ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€õ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô£Mò»»Ô d(|3¿|$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€õ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3¿|$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€õ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€õ»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼õ»»»ÔÑ8€UùXXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ‡îÔõÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼õ»îîÔ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓJuly€9,€2001€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XUùX»¼õÔÌò òÔ#†¼õ»XXUùñ#ÔSHERRY€ANN€HALLòòóó€v.€MARK€STEPHEN€HALLòòóóÔ‡XUùX»¼õÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAn€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Rutherford€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€99DR„347€€€€€€Royce€Taylor,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2000„01788„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Filed€April€19,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThis€is€a€divorce€case.€€The€wife€was€awarded€more€than€half€of€the€martial€assets€and€alimony€inÐ xÈ  Ðfuturo€in€amounts€that€would€step€down€after€three€years€and€end€when€the€wife€òòóóreaches€retirementÐ d´ Ðage.€€In€addition,€the€trial€court€awarded€the€wife,€in€lieu€of€attorneyððs€fees,€ownership€in€a€lifeÐ P  Ðinsurance€policy€on€the€husbandððs€life.€€The€husband€now€appeals€the€trial€courtððs€division€of€maritalÐ <Œ Ðproperty,€the€award€of€alimony€in€futuro,€and€the€award€relating€to€attorneyððs€fees.€€We€affirm€theÐ (x Ðtrial€courtððs€division€of€marital€property€and€the€award€relating€to€attorneyððs€fees,€but€we€reverse€theÐ d Ðtrial€courtððs€award€of€alimony€in€futuro€and€instead€award€rehabilitative€alimony.€€Ð P ÐÓ¨ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€is€Affirmed€in€Part,€Ð Ø( ÐReversed€in€Part,€and€Remandedó óÐ Ä ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼õ»àXUùg#ÔÔ‡XUùX.¼õÔHolly€K.€Lillard,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòAlan€E.€Ô_ÔHighersÔ_Ô,€J.,óó€and€òòDavidÐ œì ÐR.€Farmeróó,€J.,€joined.Ð ˆØ ÐÌThomas€F.€Bloom,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Mark€Stephen€Hall.Ð `° ÐÌJanet€D.€Powell,€Murfreesboro,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellee,€Sherry€Ann€Hall.Ð 8!ˆ  ÐÌÓÊÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼õ»XXUùù#ÔÔ‡XUùX»¼õÔÐ ü#L# ÐÌÔ#†¼õ»XXUùî #ÔÔ‡XUùX»¼õÔÓ  ÓÓ Óà  àThis€is€a€divorce€case.Ô#†¼õ»XXUùF #ÔÔ€XUùX»¼õÔ€€Appellant€Mark€Stephen€Hall€(ð ðHusbandðð)€and€appellee€Sherry€AnnÐ Ô%$!% ÐHall€(ð ðWifeðð)€were€married€on€February€26,€1972,€in€Louisiana.€€Shortly€thereafter,€the€coupleÐ À&"& Ðmoved€to€Texas€for€about€one€year€where€Husband€continued€his€career€in€the€Air€Force€at€LaughlinÐ ¬'ü"' ÐAir€Force€Base.€€During€that€time,€Wife€did€not€work€outside€the€home.€€Thereafter,€the€partiesÐ ˜(è#( Ðmoved€to€Louisiana,€where€Husband€began€working€for€BellSouth€as€an€electronics€technician.€Ð „)Ô$) ÐHusband€earned€additional€income€by€opening€a€gun€shop€and€working€as€a€soccer€referee.€€Ð p*À%* Ðà  àAfter€the€couple€moved€back€to€Louisiana,€Wife€began€working€at€a€shipyard€as€a€payrollÐ H,˜', Ðclerk.€€Shortly€thereafter,€she€quit€working€due€to€complications€with€her€pregnancy€with€the€partiesððÐ 4-„(-ý Ðfirst€child,€a€son.€€Two€years€later,€Wife€gave€birth€to€a€second€child,€a€daughter.€€When€the€daughterÐ ° Ðwas€eighteen€months€old,€Wife€returned€to€work€at€the€shipyard,€working€approximately€thirty€hoursÐ œì Ða€week.€€The€shipyard€eventually€went€out€of€business,€at€which€time€Wife€went€to€work€as€aÐ ˆØ Ðtemporary€secretary.€€She€also€worked€periodically€as€a€substitute€teacher€at€her€childrenððs€school.€Ð tÄ ÐWhile€in€Louisiana,€Wife€took€some€classes€at€a€local€university€to€pursue€her€degree€in€specialÐ `° Ðeducation.Ð L œ Ðà  àIn€1987,€Husband€was€transferred€through€his€employment€at€BellSouth€to€Murfreesboro,Ð $ t ÐTennessee.€€After€moving€to€Tennessee,€Wife€waited€about€a€year€before€resuming€college€classesÐ  ` Ðat€Middle€Tennessee€State€University.€€In€the€meantime,€she€worked€for€three€years€in€the€RutherfordÐ ü L  ÐCounty€School€System€as€a€substitute€teacher,€earning€minimum€wage.€€After€about€two€and€one„halfÐ è 8  Ðyears,€as€a€substitute€teacher,€she€became€an€educational€assistant.€€Husband€completed€courses€atÐ Ô$  Ðthe€university€in€Louisiana€and€at€Middle€Tennessee€State€University,€majoring€in€computer€science,Ð À  Ðbut€he€never€earned€a€college€degree.€€BellSouth€reimbursed€him€for€his€college€tuition.€€Wife€paidÐ ¬ü  Ðfor€her€own€educational€pursuits,€at€times€borrowing€money€from€her€aunt€to€help€pay€tuition.€€€€Ð ˜è  Ðà  àIn€1993,€Wife€left€her€job€as€an€educational€assistant€to€work€at€Bedford€Trucking.€€She€laterÐ pÀ Ðleft€the€trucking€company€and€worked€on€a€part„time€basis€at€a€doctorððs€office€for€approximately€fiveÐ \¬ Ðmonths.€€After€that,€she€went€back€to€work€for€the€school€system€as€an€educational€assistant,€workingÐ H˜ Ðthirty„five€(35)€hours€per€week€and€earning€$9.27€per€hour.€€Prior€to€the€divorce,€however,€Wife€wasÐ 4„ Ðinformed€that€her€position€as€an€educational€assistant€would€be€terminated€within€six€weeks€of€theÐ  p Ð2000„2001€school€year€due€to€federal€funding€cutbacks.€Ð  \ Ðà  àOn€March€12,€1999,€Wife€filed€a€petition€for€divorce€based€on€Husbandððs€inappropriateÐ ä4 Ðmarital€conduct.€€Wife€also€requested€that€the€trial€court€grant€her€alimony€pendent€lite€during€theÐ Ð  Ðcourse€of€the€proceedings.€€ò òó óBy€report€of€a€special€master,€Husband€was€ordered€to€pay€$708€perÐ ¼  Ðmonth€in€alimony€Ô_ÔpendenteÔ_Ô€lite,€and€was€also€òòóóordered€to€pay€the€partiesðð€monthly€house€note€of€$646Ð ¨ø Ðduring€the€pendency€of€the€case.Ð ”ä Ðà  àThe€trial€below€was€conducted€on€May€25,€2000.€€In€an€order€filed€on€June€15,€2000,€the€trialÐ l¼ Ðcourt€granted€Wife€the€divorce.€€The€trial€court€held€that€Wife€was€incapable€of€being€rehabilitatedÐ X ¨ Ðand€awarded€her€alimonyòò€óóin€futuro€of€$1,000€per€month€from€September€1,€2000,€through€May€1,Ð D!” Ð2003,€and€$600€per€month€from€June€1,€2003,€through€May€1,€2015,€when€Wife€reaches€socialÐ 0"€  Ðsecurity€retirement€age.€€With€respect€to€the€division€of€marital€property,€the€trial€court€ordered€thatÐ #l! Ðthe€marital€residence€be€sold,€the€proceeds€of€which€were€to€be€used€to€pay€off€the€mortgage€andÐ $X" Ðother€marital€debts.€€Because€the€marital€debt€exceeded€the€equity€in€the€house,€the€parties€ultimatelyÐ ô$D # Ðreceived€no€proceeds€from€the€sale.€€With€regard€to€the€other€marital€property,€Wife€was€awardedÐ à%0!$ Ðapproximately€$48,624.70€in€marital€assets,€which€was€approximately€55.7%€of€the€total€maritalÐ Ì&"% Ðassets.€€Husband€was€awarded€approximately€$38,645.96€in€marital€assets,€or€approximately€44.3%Ð ¸'#& Ðof€the€total.€€Finally,€in€lieu€of€attorney€fees,€the€trial€court€awarded€Wife€ð ðall€interest€including€butÐ ¤(ô#' Ðnot€limited€to€the€cash€value€[approximately€$15,500]€in€the€Jefferson€Pilot€life€insurance€policyÐ )à$( Ðinsuring€the€life€of€Mark€Stephan€[sic]€Hall,€Sr.,€and€the€ownership€of€said€policy€shall€be€transferredÐ |*Ì%) Ðto€the€name€of€[Wife].ðð€€The€trial€court€also€stated€that€Wife€would€be€obligated€to€continueÐ h+¸&* Ðpayments€on€the€policy,€but€if€Husband€were€to€be€found€otherwise€uninsurable,€he€would€beÐ ° Ðobligated€to€pay€the€cost€of€the€policy.€€Husband€now€appeals€from€that€order.Ð œì Ðà  àHusband€argues€on€appeal€that€the€trial€courtððs€division€of€the€marital€property€wasÐ tÄ Ðinequitable.€€He€argues€further€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€finding€Wife€incapable€of€rehabilitation,Ð `° Ðand€in€awarding€alimony€in€futuro€rather€than€rehabilitative€alimony.€€Finally,€Husband€claims€thatÐ L œ Ðthe€trial€court€erred€in€awarding€Wife€the€interest€in€the€life€insurance€policy€in€lieu€of€attorneyððsÐ 8 ˆ Ðfees.Ð $ t Ðà  àThe€trial€court€has€substantial€discretionÔ‡XUùXXXUùÔ€in€dividing€the€marital€property,€and€its€distributionÐ ü L  Ðwill€be€given€ð ðgreat€weightðð€on€appeal.€€ò òòòSeeó óóó€òòò òFord€v.€Fordó óóó,€952€S.W.2d€824,€825€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.Ð è 8  Ð1996)€(quoting€ò òòòÔ_ÔBarnhillÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔBarnhillÔ_Ôó óóó,€826€S.W.2d€443,€449€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1991)).€€Accordingly,Ð Ô$  Ðits€division€of€the€marital€estate€is€presumed€to€be€correct€unless€the€evidence€preponderatesÐ À  Ðotherwise.€€òòò òLancaster€v.€Lancasteró óóó,€671€S.W.2d€501,€502€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1984);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ð ¬ü  Ð13(d).Ð ˜è  Ðà  àHusband€first€argues€that€the€trial€courtððs€division€of€the€marital€property€was€inequitableÐ pÀ Ðunder€the€circumstances€in€this€case.€€Ô#†XUùXXXUù<$#ÔThe€division€of€marital€property€in€divorce€cases€is€governedÐ \¬ Ðby€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€36„4„121,€which€generally€provides€that€the€trial€court€is€to€divideÐ H˜ Ðthe€property€equitably€without€regard€to€fault.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ô‡XUùXXXUùÔIn€dividing€the€marital€property,€the€trial€courtÐ 4„ Ðconsidered€the€relevant€factors€listed€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€36„4„121(c):Ð  p Ðà8  à(1)€The€duration€of€the€marriage;ÐøHÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(2)€The€age,€physical€and€mental€health,€vocational€skills,€employability,€earningÐ Ð  Ðcapacity,€estate,€financial€liabilities€and€financial€needs€of€each€of€the€parties;м Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(3)€The€tangible€or€intangible€contribution€by€one€(1)€party€to€the€education,€trainingÐ ”ä Ðor€increased€earning€power€of€the€other€party;ЀÐÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(4)€The€relative€ability€of€each€party€for€future€acquisitions€of€capital€assets€andÐ X ¨ Ðincome;ÐD!”Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(5)€The€contribution€of€each€party€to€the€acquisition,€preservation,€appreciation,Ð #l! Ðdepreciation€or€dissipation€of€the€marital€or€separate€property,€including€theÐ $X" Ðcontribution€of€a€party€to€the€marriage€as€homemaker,€wage€earner€or€parent,€with€theÐ ô$D # Ðcontribution€of€a€party€as€homemaker€or€wage€earner€to€be€given€the€same€weight€ifÐ ° Ðeach€party€has€fulfilled€its€role;ÐœìÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(6)€The€value€of€the€separate€property€of€each€party;ÐtÄÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(7)€The€estate€of€each€party€at€the€time€of€the€marriage;ÐL œÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(8)€The€economic€circumstances€of€each€party€at€the€time€the€division€of€property€isÐ $ t Ðto€become€effective;Ð `Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(9)€The€tax€consequences€to€each€party,€costs€associated€with€the€reasonablyÐ è 8  Ðforeseeable€sale€of€the€asset,€and€other€reasonably€foreseeable€expenses€associatedÐ Ô$  Ðwith€the€asset;ÐÀ Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(10)€The€amount€of€social€security€benefits€available€to€each€spouse;€andИè Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(11)€Such€other€factors€as€are€necessary€to€consider€the€equities€between€the€parties.ÐpÀÐ Ð  ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„4„121(c)€(2001).€€Though€their€calculations€differ€slightly,€the€parties€agreeÐ H˜ Ðthat€Wife€received€approximately€55.7%€of€the€total€marital€assets€and€that€Husband€receivedÐ 4„ Ðapproximately€44.3%.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ô#†XUùXXXUù)#ÔÔ‡XUùXXXUùÔHusband€contends€that€the€trial€courtððs€property€division€was€inequitableÐ  p Ðconsidering€the€above„enumerated€factors.Ð  \ Ðà  àAfter€a€careful€review€of€the€record,€we€find€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretionÐ ä4 Ðin€dividing€the€marital€property€in€this€case.€€At€the€time€of€their€divorce,€the€parties€were€both€fifty„Ð Ð  Ðone€(51)€years€of€age,€and€they€had€been€married€for€over€twenty„seven€(27)€years.€€Though€WifeÐ ¼  Ðsuffers€from€minor€heath€problems,€both€parties€enjoy€relatively€good€health.€€Husband€concedes€thatÐ ¨ø Ðthe€parties€have€disparate€earning€capacities.€€At€the€time€of€the€hearing€below,€Husband€earnedÐ ”ä Ðapproximately€$45,000€per€year,€and€Wife€had€an€annual€income€of€about€$14,000.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ô#†XUùXXXUùB3#ÔÔ‡XUùXXXUùÔ€€However,€WifeÐ €Ð Ðhas€the€potential€to€earn€between€$21,000€and€$24,000€as€a€teacher€after€she€earns€her€college€degree.€Ð l¼ ÐÔ#†XUùXXXUù&7#ÔÔ‡XUùXXXUùÔAlthough€Wifeððs€salary€as€a€teacher€will€likely€increase€somewhat€over€time,€she€will€not€beginÐ X ¨ Ðearning€a€full€salary€until€approximately€age€55,€and€the€amount€of€increase€in€her€salary€is€uncertain.€Ð D!” ÐIt€is€undisputed€that€Wife€did€not€work€on€a€full„time€basis€during€the€marriage,€and€that€sheÐ 0"€  Ðcontributed€to€the€family€primarily€as€a€homemaker€and€a€caretaker€for€the€children.€€ConsideringÐ #l! Ðthese€factors,€we€find€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€distributing€the€marital€assets€as€it€did,€givingÐ ° Ða€small€proportionate€advantage€to€Wife.€€ò òòòSeeóó€òòFordó óóó,€952€S.W.2d€at€826„27€(affirming€award€to€wifeÐ œì Ðof€69%€of€marital€assets€when€the€husband€had€greater€earning€capacity€and€the€wife€had€contributedÐ ŒÜ Ðto€the€marriage€as€a€homemaker€and€mother).Ð xÈ Ðà  àNext,€Husband€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€awarding€alimony€in€futuro€rather€thanÐ P   Ðrehabilitative€alimony.€€As€noted€above,€the€trial€court€awarded€Wife€alimony€in€futuro€in€the€amountÐ < Œ Ðof€€$1,000€per€month€until€May€of€2003,€and€thereafter€òòóó$600€per€month€until€May€of€2015€whenÐ ( x ÐWife€reaches€social€security€retirement€age.€Ð  d Ðà  àThe€trial€court€is€afforded€substantial€discretion€in€making€decisions€regarding€Ô_ÔspousalÔ_ÔÐ ì <  Ðsupport.€€ò òòòHawkins€v.€Hawkinsóóó ó,€883€S.W.2d€622,€625€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1994).€€In€Tennessee,Ð Ø(  Ðrehabilitative€alimony€is€preferred€over€alimony€in€futuro€in€order€to€eliminate€the€dependency€of€oneÐ Ä  Ðspouse€on€the€other€ð ðand€to€relieve€the€parties€of€ððimpediments€incident€to€the€dissolved€marriage.ððððÐ °  Ðòòò òÔ_ÔCrabtreeÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔCrabtreeÔ_Ôó óóó,€16€S.W.3d€356,€358„59€(Tenn.€2000)€(quoting€òòò òSelf€v.€Selfó óóó,€861€S.W.2d€360,Ð œì  Ð361€(Tenn.€1993)).€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€36„5„101(d)€provides€in€pertinent€part:Ð ˆØ  Ðà8  àIt€is€the€intent€of€the€general€assembly€that€a€spouse€who€is€economicallyÐ `° Ðdisadvantaged,€relative€to€the€other€spouse,€be€rehabilitated€whenever€possible€by€theÐ Lœ Ðgranting€of€an€order€for€payment€of€rehabilitative,€temporary€support€andÐ 8ˆ Ðmaintenance.€€Where€there€is€such€relative€economic€disadvantage€and€rehabilitationÐ $t Ðis€not€feasible€in€consideration€of€all€relevant€factors,€including€those€set€out€in€thisÐ ` Ðsubsection,€then€the€court€may€grant€an€order€for€payment€of€support€andÐ üL Ðmaintenance€on€a€long„term€basis€or€until€the€death€or€remarriage€of€the€recipientÐ è8 Ðexcept€as€otherwise€provided€in€subdivision€(a)(3).€€€€€€ÐÔ$Ð Ð  ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„5„101(d)(1)€(2001).€€The€following€factors€should€be€considered€by€a€trialÐ ¬ü Ðcourt€in€determining€the€nature€and€amount€of€alimony€to€be€awarded:Ð ˜è Ðà8  à€€€€€(A)€The€relative€earning€capacity,€obligations,€needs,€and€financial€resources€ofÐ pÀ Ðeach€party,€including€income€from€pension,€profit€sharing€or€retirement€plans€and€allÐ \ ¬ Ðother€sources;€ÐH!˜Ð Ð  Ðà8  à€€€€€(B)€The€relative€education€and€training€of€each€party,€the€ability€and€opportunityÐ  #p! Ðof€each€party€to€secure€such€education€and€training,€and€the€necessity€of€a€party€toÐ  $\" Ðsecure€further€education€and€training€to€improve€such€partyððs€earning€capacity€to€aÐ ø$H # Ðreasonable€level;Ðä%4!$Ð Ð  Ðà8  à€€€€€(C)€The€duration€of€the€marriage;м' #&Ð Ð  Ðâ âà8  à€€€€€(D)€The€age€and€mental€condition€of€each€party;Д)ä$(Ð Ð  Ðà8  à€€€€€(E)€The€physical€condition€of€each€party,€including,€but€not€limited€to,€physicalÐ ° Ðâ âdisability€or€incapacity€due€to€a€chronic€debilitating€disease;€ÐœìÐ Ð  ÐÔ_ÔÔ_Ôà8  à€€€€€(F)€The€extent€to€which€it€would€be€undesirable€for€a€party€to€seek€employmentÐ tÄ Ðoutside€the€home€because€such€party€will€be€custodian€of€a€minor€child€of€theÐ `° Ðmarriage;ÐL œÐ Ð  Ðà8  à€€€(G)€The€separate€assets€of€each€party,€both€real€and€personal,€tangible€andÐ $ t Ðintangible;Ð `Ð Ð  Ðà8  à€€€€€€(H)€The€provisions€made€with€regard€to€the€marital€property€as€defined€in€ðð€36„4„Ð è 8  Ð121;ÐÔ$ Ð Ð  Ðà8  à€€€€€(I)€The€standard€of€living€of€the€parties€established€during€the€marriage;Ьü Ð Ð  Ðà8  à€€€(J)€The€extent€to€which€each€party€has€made€such€tangible€and€intangibleÐ „Ô  Ðcontributions€to€the€marriage€as€monetary€and€homemaker€contributions,€and€tangibleÐ pÀ Ðand€intangible€contributions€by€a€party€to€the€education,€training€or€increased€earningÐ \¬ Ðpower€of€the€other€party;ÐH˜Ð Ð  Ðà8  à€€€€€(K)€The€relative€fault€of€the€parties€in€cases€where€the€court,€in€its€discretion,Ð  p Ðdeems€it€appropriate€to€do€so;€and€Ð \Ð Ð  Ðà8  à€€€€(L)€Such€other€factors,€including€the€tax€consequences€to€each€party,€as€areÐ ä4 Ðnecessary€to€consider€the€equities€between€the€parties.ÐÐ Ð Ð  ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„5„101(d)(1)(A)€„€(L)€(2001).€€Because€the€statute€reflects€the€legislative€policyÐ ¨ø Ðof€eliminating€Ô_ÔspousalÔ_Ô€dependency,€alimony€in€futuro€should€be€awarded€only€when€the€trial€courtÐ ”ä Ðfinds€that€ð ðeconomic€rehabilitation€is€not€feasible€and€long„term€support€is€necessary.ðð€€ò òòòÔ_ÔCrabtreeÔ_Ôóóó ó,Ð €Ð Ð16€S.W.3d€at€359€(quoting€òòò òSelfó óóó,€861€S.W.2d€at€361).Ð l¼ Ðà  àIn€considering€the€statutory€factors€listed€above,€the€trial€court€determined€that€ð ðthere€is€aÐ D!” Ðrelative€economic€disadvantage.€€[Husband]€makes€in€excess€of€three€times€what€[Wife]€earns€andÐ 0"€  Ðcan€earn.ðð€€The€trial€court€then€found€that,€although€Wife€was€attempting€to€rehabilitate€herself,€ð ðatÐ #l! Ðher€age€[51]€itððs€not€feasible€that€sheððll€ever€reach€the€earning€capacity€of€[Husband].ðð€€On€that€basis,Ð $X" Ðand€because€ð ðjust€about€every€oneðð€of€the€statutory€factors€applied€in€favor€of€Wife,€the€trial€courtÐ ô$D # Ðawarded€the€stated€amount€of€alimony€in€futuro,€rather€than€rehabilitative€alimony.€€òòò òó óóóÐ à%0!$ Ðà  àHusband€argues€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€WifeÐ ¸'#& Ðcannot€be€rehabilitated.€€He€asserts€that€òòò òó óóóit€is€not€necessary€for€Wife€to€reach€the€same€earningÐ ¤(ô#' Ðcapacity€as€Husband€to€be€considered€economically€rehabilitated.€€òòò òSee€Ô_ÔCrabtreeÔ_Ôó óóó,€16€S.W.3d€at€360.€Ð )à$( ÐÔ_ÔRather,€under€ò òòòCrabtreeó óóó€she€need€only€be€able€to€achieve€a€reasonable€income.€€Wife€argues€that€thereÐ |*Ì%) Ðis€no€evidence€in€the€record€to€support€Husbandððs€contention€that€she€will€be€able€to€raise€her€Ð h+¸&* Ðearning€capacity€to€a€reasonable€level€as€compared€to€his€earning€capacity.€€She€argues€that,€becauseÐ ° Ðshe€will€be€entering€the€workforce€at€age€55,€her€level€of€income€will€never€be€raised€to€a€ð ðreasonableÐ œì Ðlevelðð€as€compared€to€the€income€of€Husband.Ð ˆØ Ðà  àUnder€the€standard€in€ò òòòCrabtreeó óóó,€we€are€compelled€to€conclude€that€the€trial€court€erred€inÐ `° Ðfinding€Wife€incapable€of€rehabilitation.€€During€the€marriage,€Wife€consistently€worked€on€a€part„Ð L œ Ðtime€basis,€and€is€working€toward€earning€her€teaching€degree.€€If€Wife€works€as€a€teacher€for€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðcounty€system,€she€will€earn€Ô#†XUùXXXUù8#ÔÔ‡XUùXXXUùÔa€starting€salary€of€$21,000€to€$24,000€per€year.€€Under€ò òòòCrabtreeó óóó,€when€Ð $ t ÐWifeððs€salary€is€ò òòòÔ#†XUùXXXUùKY#ÔÔ‡XUùXXXUùÔóóó ócompared€to€Husbandððs€salary€of€$45,000,€we€must€conclude€that€Wife€can€beÐ  ` Ðrehabilitated€in€that€her€earning€capacity€can€reach€a€reasonable€level.€€òòò òSee€Dempsey€v.€Dempseyóóó ó,Ð ü L  ÐNo.€M1998„00972„COA„R3„CV,€2000€Tenn.€App.€LEXIS€477,€at€*10€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€July€21,Ð è 8  Ð2000)€(finding€that€a€trial€court€should€determine€whether€the€disadvantaged€spouse€can€improve€hisÐ Ô$  Ðor€her€earning€capacity€to€a€ð ðreasonableðð€level);€òòò òbÔ#†XUùXXXUùZ#ÔÔ‡XUùXXXUùÔutó óóó€ò òòòseeó óóó€ò òòòPage€v.€Pageó óóó,€No.€W2000„01314„COA„R3„Ð À  ÐCV,€2001€Tenn.€App.€LEXIS€361,€at€*13€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€May€15,€2001)€ò òó ó(ð ðò òòòCrabtreeó óóó€appears€to€forceÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€trial€court€to€award€rehabilitative€alimony,€and€no€alimony€in€futuro,€if€rehabilitative€alimony€isÐ ˜è  Ðfeasible€òòto€any€degreeóó.ðð€(Emphasis€added.)€(Lillard,€J.,€concurring€in€part€and€dissenting€in€part)).Ð „Ô  Ðà  à€The€òòò òCrabtreeóóó ó€Court€held€that€where€ð ðan€award€of€rehabilitative€alimony€is€justified€by€theÐ \¬ Ðpartiesðð€circumstances,€a€trial€court€initially€should€award€rehabilitative€alimony€only.€.€.€.€€OnceÐ H˜ Ðawarded,€rehabilitative€alimony€may€be€modified€if€the€recipientððs€prospects€for€economicÐ 4„ Ðrehabilitation€materially€change.ðð€€òòò òCrabtreeó óóó,€16€S.W.3d€at€360.€€Therefore,€underò òòò€Crabtreeó óóó,€becauseÐ  p ÐWife€is€entitled€to€rehabilitative€alimony,€she€cannot€also€receive€alimony€in€futuro.€€We€òòóórecognizeÐ  \ Ðthat€each€of€the€statutory€factors€weigh€in€favor€of€Wife,€particularly€considering€the€duration€of€theÐ øH Ðmarriage,€the€age€of€the€parties,€and€the€Husbandððs€undisputed€inappropriate€marital€conduct,€but€thisÐ ä4 Ðresult€is€compelled€by€the€standard€in€ò òòòCrabtreeó óóó.€€Accordingly,€we€reverse€the€trial€courtððs€award€ofÐ Ð  Ðalimony€in€futuro€and€award€Wife€$1,000€per€month€in€rehabilitative€alimony€for€five€years.€€€ThisÐ ¼  Ðfive„year€income€stream€will€help€Wife€with€her€expenses€while€she€completes€her€college€degreeÐ ¨ø Ðand€for€a€reasonable€time€thereafter€to€assist€her€in€making€the€transition€into€being€financially€self„Ð ”ä Ðsufficient.€€òòò òSee€id.€ó óóóat€361€(modifying€award€to€enable€wife€to€have€a€smooth€transition€from€part„timeÐ €Ð Ðto€full„time€employment).Ð l¼ Ðà  àFinally,€Husband€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€awarding€Wife€the€cash€value€in€a€lifeÐ D!” Ðinsurance€policy€on€his€life€worth€approximately€$15,500€in€lieu€of€$11,326.50€in€attorneyððs€feesÔ#†XUùXXXUù]\#ÔÔ‡XUùXXXUùÔ.€Ð 0"€  ÐHusband€does€not€argue€that€Wife€is€not€entitled€to€attorneyððs€fees.€€Rather,€he€claims€that€Wife€canÐ #l! Ðafford€to€pay€her€attorneyððs€fees€by€liquidating€the€$8,175.20€in€BellSouth€stock€she€received€in€theÐ $X" Ðproperty€division.€€Though€sale€of€the€stock€would€€be€insufficient€to€cover€the€total€amount€ofÐ ô$D # Ðattorney€fees,€Husband€argues€that€the€attorney€fees€charged€to€Wife€were€grossly€excessive.€Ð à%0!$ ÐFurthermore,€Husband€argues€that€the€trial€court€had€no€basis€on€which€to€award€Wife€an€asset€wrothÐ Ì&"% Ðâ â$15,500€to€cover€an€$11,326.50€fee,€where€the€value€of€the€award€exceeds€the€amount€of€the€fee€Ô_ÔbyÐ ¸'#& Ð$4,173.50.€€Husband€argues€that€ð ðthere€is€no€support€in€Tennessee€law€for€an€award€of€attorneyððsÐ ° Ðfees€that€is€greater€than€the€amount€of€actual€fees€incurred.ðð€×ƒ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€Ô#†XUùXXXUù‘e#ÔÔ‡XUùXXXUùÔ€€Ð œì Ðâ âà  àFrom€a€review€of€the€record,€we€must€conclude€that€the€trial€courtððs€award€was€not€an€awardÐ tÄ Ðof€attorneyððs€fees.€€Rather,€the€award€appears€to€be€an€extension€of€the€trial€courtððs€division€ofÐ `° Ðmarital€property,€allowing€the€Wife€to€have€sufficient€assets€out€of€which€to€pay€her€attorneyððs€fees.Ô#†XUùXXXUùäi#ÔÔ‡XUùXXXUùÔÐ L œ ÐThis€slight€increase€in€Wifeððs€proportion€of€assets€does€not€alter€our€initial€decision€that€the€trialÐ 8 ˆ Ðcourt€properly€exercised€its€discretion€in€dividing€the€marital€property€between€these€parties.€€ForÐ $ t Ðthese€reasons,€and€for€the€reasons€we€have€discussed€in€affirming€the€courtððs€initial€division€ofÐ  ` Ðmarital€property,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€award€of€the€cash€value€of€the€life€insurance€policy€inÐ ü L  Ðlieu€of€attorneyððs€fees.€€€Ð è 8  Ðà  àIn€sum,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€division€of€marital€property€and€the€award€of€the€cashÐ À  Ðvalue€of€the€life€insurance€policy.€€We€reverse€the€trial€courtððs€award€of€alimony€in€futuro€and€awardÐ ¬ü  Ðrehabilitative€alimony€to€Wife€in€the€amount€of€$1,000€per€month€for€five€years.Ð ˜è  Ðà  àAccordingly,€the€decision€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed€in€part€and€reversed€in€part€as€set€forthÐ pÀ Ðabove.€€The€cause€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€any€further€proceedings€consistent€with€thisÐ \¬ ÐOpinion.€€Costs€are€to€be€taxed€equally€to€appellant,€Mark€Stephen€Hall,€and€his€surety,€and€appellee,Ð H˜ ÐSherry€Ann€Hall,€for€which€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.Ô#†XUùXXXUù¬k#Ô€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð 4„ ÐÌÌÔ_ÔÓ ÓÔ_Ôà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ¼  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àHOLLY€K.€LILLARD,€JUDGE