ÿWPCÎ /# ¢UN­ %û 0(w@)4i}Œb” 0Jœ 0Tæ 0^: 0h˜ 0r 0|r 0†î 0t 1u 0dyU>ÝB) AQD Æ• 0D[ 0@Ÿ 0Dß DC# D/f B• B² D3Ï AM U*O y v~} vÓû˜HP LaserJet 4 PlusHPPCL5MS,ð,,,,,ð0nLHÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ <D=>D?I@AIBCÓ€MN]tÁ$tttttt3|xN- ù-2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d!"#$&Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó7Border 1dd(('÷ÿ dxd düÿP Pd'''''ÿÿdxd!#%Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial úÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ""ÝÝ  ÝÔ€+ÔÔ€+ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€+XÔÌÌJuly€22,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ € ÒÒ „ ÒÑ  ÑÓ` °‡XøÈ“XÓÔ€¼ÔÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›œÞ ÞÌJEANIE›€DIANNE€(WHITE)à àà à)ÌHANNAH,à àà àà àà à€à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌÓ#` Ü‚Xøôx‘X#Óà àPlaintiff/Appellee,à à)à àAppeal€No.Ìà àà à)à à01„A„01„9712„CV„00694Ìv.à àà à)Ìœ›à àà à)à àSumner€œCircuitÌGARY€R.€HANNAH;€CARL€EDà à)à àNo.€€17178„CÌÙ€!ÙßR€*,%A1-j|¬`` ç `€€@ÿRßHANNAH€and€wife,€DIANEà à)ÌCARROLL€HANNAH,à à)Ìà àà à)Ìà àDefendants/Appellants.à à)Ìà àà à)ÌÌÌÓ  ÓCOURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAPPEAL€FROM€THE€CIRCUIT›€COURT€FOR€SUMNER€COUNTYÌÌAT€GALLATIN,€TENNESSEEÌÌTHE€HONORABLE€THOMAS€GOODALL,€œJUDGEÌÓ ` Ü‚XœÈ“X ÓÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÌMICHAEL€W.€EDWARDSÌ177€East€Main€StreetÌHendersonville,€Tennessee€€37075Ìà àATTORNEY€FOR€PLAINTIFF/APPELLEEÌÌÌROBERT€G.€INGRUMÌPhillips€&€IngrumÌ117€East€Main€StreetÌGallatin,€Tennessee€€37066Ìà àATTORNEY€FOR€DEFENDANTS/APPELLANTSÌÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌREVERSED€IN€PART,ÌMODIFIED€IN€PART,Ìand€REMANDED.ÌÌÌÌÌÓ  Óà àà àWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEÌÑ7€æFXXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ ÑÌÓ  ÓÓÓòòÔ€°ÔOPINIONóóÌÓ  ÓÓ#` Ü` ä œÈ“X#ÓÓ€ÓÔ€¼Ôà àDefendant/husband€and€his€father€and€stepmother€appeal€a€divorceÏdecree€on€issues€of€property€rights,€personal€property€values€and€amount€ofÏchild€support.ÌÌà àPlaintiff,€Jeanie€Dianne€(White)€Hannah€and€defendant,€Gary€RayÏHannah€were€married€May€18,€1991.€€Two€children€were€born€to€theÏmarriage,€to„wit:€€Chelsea€Alexandria€Hannah€born€June€26,€1990,€andÏCollin€Ray€Hannah€born€January€24,€1994.€€Defendant€had€one€child€by€aÏprevious€marriage€and€at€the€time€of€the€proceedings€herein€was€payingÏ$75.00€per€week€for€support€of€this€child€under€proper€court€order.ÌÌà àDefendants€Carl€Ed€Hannah€and€wife,€Diane€Carroll€Hannah€are€theÏfather€and€stepmother€of€Gary€Ray€Hannah.ÌÌà àOn€August€6,€1992,€Carl€Ed€Hannah€and€wife,€Diane€CarrollÏHannah€purchased,€by€warranty€deed,€property€located€at€121€MockingbirdÏHill€Road€in€Hendersonville,€Tennessee.€€Simultaneously,€they€executed€aÏpromissory€note€and€deed€of€trust€encumbering€the€property€in€the€amountÍof€$30,000.00€to€First€American€National€Bank.€€A€mobile€home€was€locatedÏon€the€property€and€included€within€the€deed€and€the€deed€of€trust.€€MonthlyÏpayments€on€the€note€to€the€bank€were€$638.76€for€a€period€of€five€years.ÌÌà àThis€property€was€purchased€for€use€as€a€home€by€Jeanie€DianneÏHannah,€Gary€Ray€Hannah€and€their€children€but€title€to€the€property€wasÏheld€by€Carl€Ed€Hannah€and€Diane€Carroll€Hannah€subject€to€the€deed€ofÏtrust€to€First€American€National€Bank.€€Neither€Gary€Ray€Hannah€nor€JeanieÏDianne€Hannah€were€in€any€way€obligated€on€the€debt€to€the€bank.€€ÌÌà àAn€oral€agreement€was€made€among€all€parties€that€Gary€RayÏHannah,€Jeanie€Dianne€Hannah€and€their€children€would€live€in€the€mobileÏhome,€make€the€monthly€payments€to€First€American€National€Bank,€payÏinsurance€and€property€taxes€and€otherwise€generally€maintain€the€property.€ÏThey€would€pay€no€rent€and€if€Gary€Ray€Hannah€and€Jeanie€Dianne€HannahÏmade€all€payments€sufficient€to€discharge€the€mortgage€indebtedness,€Carl€EdÏHannah€and€Diane€Carroll€Hannah€would€then€deed€the€property,€in€feeÏsimple,€to€them.ÌÌà àFirst€payment€on€the€deed€of€trust€note€was€due€September€15,Ï1992€and€a€like€payment€due€monthly€thereafter,€through€and€including€finalÏpayment,€due€August€15,€1997.ÌÌà àGary€and€Jeanie€Hannah€moved€into€the€property€and€made€certainÏof€the€payments€to€the€bank€until€November€1994€when€these€partiesÏseparated€for€the€first€time€and€simply€stopped€making€the€mortgageÏpayments.€€By€April€1995€with€Gary€and€Jeanie€Hannah€having€failed€andÍrefused€to€make€payments€to€the€bank€and€the€note€being€five€paymentsÏoverdue,€Carl€Ed€Hannah€and€Diane€Carroll€Hannah€paid€off€the€loan€balanceÏto€the€bank€in€the€amount€of€$16,120.07.ÌÌà àAfter€the€payoff€of€the€bank€by€Carl€Ed€and€Diane€Hannah,€GaryÏand€Jeanie€Hannah€reconciled€and€moved€back€into€the€Mockingbird€HillÏRoad€property€and€lived€rent€free€with€neither€of€them€recognizing€anyÏobligation€to€pay€anything€to€Carl€Ed€and€Diane€Hannah.€€Gary€and€JeanieÏseparated€in€1997€and€suit€for€divorce€was€filed€by€Jeanie€Hannah€on€July€24,Ï1997.ÌÌà àNo€issue€is€made€on€appeal€as€to€the€action€of€the€trial€court€inÏgranting€the€divorce€to€Jeanie€Dianne€Hannah€nor€to€the€action€of€the€trialÏcourt€vesting€custody€of€the€two€minor€children€in€her.ÌÌà àThe€first€issue€on€appeal€involves€the€disposition€of€the€property€atÏ121€Mockingbird€Hill€Road.ÌÌà àIn€the€final€decree€the€trial€court€held€in€part:ÌÓÓà8 à(2)€€The€Court€finds€the€following€marital€estate:ÌÌÓ)` Ü` ä ZœÈx‘X)Óà8 àà à(a)€€òòREAL€ESTATEóó:€€The€house€and€lot€located€atÏ121€Mockingbird€Hill€Road,€Hendersonville,€SumnerÏCounty,€Tennessee,€has€a€fair€market€value€of€Sixty„fourÏThousand€and€00/100€Dollars€($64,000.00).€€ThisÏproperty€is€titled€in€the€name€of€the€HUSBAND's€parents,ÏCARL€E.€HANNAH€and€wife,€DIANE€C.€HANNAH,€andÏthe€Court€finds€that€an€agreement€was€made€between€theÏparties€that€the€HUSBAND€and€WIFE€would€make€theÏmortgage€payments€and€once€the€house€was€paid€off,€itÏwould€be€titled€and€deeded€in€their€names.€€Without€theÍknowledge€of€the€WIFE,€the€HUSBAND's€parents€paid€theÏhouse€off€in€the€amount€of€Twenty„one€Thousand€andÏ00/100€Dollars€($21,000.00).€€The€Court€finds€that€the€netÏequity€which€constitutes€the€marital€estate€is€Forty„threeÏThousand€and€00/100€Dollars€($43,000.00).Ìà8 àà àThe€Court€finds€that€the€best€interests€of€all€partiesÏinvolved€in€this€case€would€be€served€in€placing€theÏproperty€located€at€121€Mockingbird€Hill€Road,ÏHendersonville,€Sumner€County,€Tennessee,€in€the€handsÏof€Mahailiah€Hughes,€Circuit€Court€Clerk,€as€specialÏcommissioner€to€sell€said€property€and€make€the€divisionÏthereof€based€on€this€Court's€Final€Decree.ÌÌÓ€ÓÌà àAfterwards,€as€a€part€of€the€division€of€the€marital€estate,€the€trialÏcourt€granted€$12,850.00€of€the€121€Mockingbird€Hill€Road€equity€to€theÏhusband€and€$30,150.00€thereof€to€the€wife.ÌÌà àThe€evidence€in€the€case€strongly€preponderates€against€the€actionÏof€the€trial€court.€€The€final€judgment€does€not€state€the€basis€for€the€trialÏcourt€holding€and€the€evidence€does€not€support€either€a€resulting€orÏconstructive€trust€as€asserted€on€appeal€by€appellee.€€It€is€undisputed€that€theÏproperty€at€all€times€belonged€to€Carl€Ed€Hannah€and€Diane€Carroll€Hannah.€ÏAn€oral€agreement€between€all€parties€provided€bilateral€obligations.€€CarlÏEd€and€Diane€Hannah€provided€the€means€by€which€the€home€was€purchasedÏand€assumed€all€obligations€to€the€bank.€€Gary€and€Jeanie€Hannah€agreed€toÏmake€the€mortgage€payments,€together€with€paying€the€taxes€and€upkeep€onÏthe€property,€during€the€five€year€term€of€the€mortgage.€€Barely€two€yearsÏinto€the€mortgage€term€Gary€and€Jeanie€Hannah€repudiated€their€oralÏobligation€by€failing€and€refusing€to€make€the€mortgage€payments.€€SinceÏthey€were€not€obligated€to€the€bank€on€the€mortgage€debt€the€entirety€of€thisÏobligation€fell€back€on€Carl€Ed€and€Diane€Hannah.€€Five€€months€passed€withÍno€payments€on€the€mortgage€debt€and€no€indication€by€either€Gary€or€JeanieÏHannah€of€any€intention€to€make€any€further€mortgage€payments.€€FacedÏwith€this€problem€and€being€the€sole€obligors€on€the€note€to€the€bank,€CarlÏEd€and€Diane€Hannah€paid€off€the€balance€of€the€note€to€the€bank.€€The€trialÏcourt€found€that€the€payoff€at€the€bank€was€made€without€Jeanie€Hannah'sÏknowledge.€€This€determination€is€of€no€consequence.€€Jeanie€well€knew€thatÏboth€she€and€Gary€Hannah€had€breached€the€contract€with€Carl€Ed€and€DianeÏHannah€by€refusing€to€pay€the€mortgage€installments€after€November€œ1994.€ÏUnder€this€analysis,€the€payments€made€by€Gary€and€Jeanie€amount€to€mereÏrental€payments,€justly€compensating€Gary's€parents€for€Gary€and€Jeanie'sÏuse€of€the€property.›ÌÌà àAfter€their€reconciliation,€following€the€payoff€of€the€mortgageÏindebtedness,€Gary€and€Jeanie€Hannah€lived€rent€free€on€the€propertyÏpurchased€by€Carl€Ed€and€Diane€Hannah.€€As€such,€Gary€and€Jeanie€becameÏno€more€than€gratuitous€tenants€of€sufferance.ÌÌà àThis€charitable€forbearance€by€Carl€Ed€and€Diane€Hannah€is€theÏantithesis€of€the€fraud,€abuse€of€confidence,€unconscionable€conduct,€artificeÏor€concealment€necessary€to€justify€a€constructive€trust.€€ò òòòRowlett€v.ÏGuthrieó óóó,€867€S.W.2d€732€(Tenn.Ct.App.1993).€€ÌÌà àSince€Gary€and€Jeanie€Hannah€abandoned€and€disavowed€theirÏobligation€to€pay€the€mortgage€payments€as€they€became€due€and€thus€leftÏtheir€benefactors€to€pay€off€the€mortgage,€the€most€they€could€hope€forÏwould€be€a€resulting€trust€pro€tanto€as€to€the€amount€of€money€they€hadÏactually€paid.ÌÌÓÓà8 àà à[7]€€Payment€of€a€part€of€the€consideration,€underÏsuch€circumstances€that€if€the€whole€were€paid€a€trustÏwould€result,€creates€a€trust€òòpro€tantoóó,€if€the€amount€paidÏbe€definite€or€constitute€an€aliquot€part€of€the€wholeÏconsideration.€€But€a€general€contribution€is€not€sufficientÏto€raise€a€resulting€trust.€€2€Lawrence€on€Eq.Jur.€(1929Ïed.)€sec.€571;€Pomeroy's€Eq.Jur.€(5th€ed.),€sec.€1038,€pp.Ï77„78;€Perkins€v.€Cheairs,€61€Tenn.€194,€200„202;ÏHaggard€v.€Benson,€3€Tenn.Ch.€(Cooper's),€263,€278;ÏBotsford€v.€Burr,€1817,€2€Johns.Ch.,N.Y.,€405,€410;ÏSocol€v.€King,€36€Cal.2d€342,€223€P.2d€627;€Annotation,Ï42€A.L.R.€52.€Ìà àÌà8 àà à[8]€€To€set€up€a€resulting€trust€by€parol€requires€aÏgreater€degree€of€proof€than€a€mere€preponderance€of€theÏevidence.€€The€evidence€must€be€clear€and€convincing.€ÏHoffner€v.€Hoffner,€32€Tenn.App.€98,€104,€221€S.W.2dÏ907;€Hunt€v.€Hunt,€169€Tenn.€1,€9,€80€S.W.2d€666;ÏWalker€v.€Walker,€supra;€see€other€Tennessee€cases€citedÏin€Annotation,€23€A.L.R.€1513„14.ÌÌÓ  Ó.€.€.ÌÓ  ÓÌà8 àà à.€.€.€Referring€to€parol€evidence€to€establish€aÏresulting€trust,€Pomeroy€says:ÌÌà àà8 à€€€"It€is€settled€by€a€complete€unanimity€ofÏdecision€that€such€evidence€must€be€clear,Ïstrong,€unequivocal,€unmistakable,€and€mustÏestablish€the€fact€of€the€payment€by€theÏalleged€beneficiary€beyond€a€doubt.€€WhereÏthe€payment€of€a€part€only€is€claimed,€theÏevidence€must€show,€in€the€same€clearÏmanner,€òòthe€exact€portion€of€the€whole€priceÏwhich€was€paid.óó"€€(Italics€supplied.)€ÏPomeroy's€Eq.Jur.€(5th€ed.),€sec.€1040,€pp.Ï82„84.€ÌÌò òòòGreene€v.€Greeneó óóó,€38€Tenn.€App.€238,€249„50,€272€S.W.2d€483,€488Í(1954).ÌÌÓ€ÓÌà àThe€proof€in€the€case€at€bar€does€not€establish€any€definite€amountÏpaid€by€Gary€and€Jeanie€Hannah,€and€considered€as€a€whole,€the€evidenceÏfalls€far€short€of€the€clear,€strong,€unequivocal€and€unmistakable€testimonyÏnecessary€to€establish€a€resulting€trust€òòpro€tantoóó.ÌÌà àIndeed,€such€seems€to€have€been€the€conclusion€of€the€trial€court€atÏthe€end€of€the€trial:ÌÓ)` Ü` ä ZŽœx‘X)ÓÓÓà8 àà àMR.€INGRUM:à àNow€does€Your€honor€wantÏto€hear€any€proof€from€Mr.€and€Mrs.€Hannah€concerningÏtheir€ownership€rights€and€what€they've€paid,€or€have€youÏalready€decided€„„Ìà8 àà àTHE€COURT:à àNo.€€They€own€the€property.Ìà8 àà àÌÌÓ€Óà àThe€property€at€121€Mockingbird€Hill€Road€belongs€in€fee€simpleÏto€Carl€Ed€Hannah€and€wife,€Diane€Carroll€œHannah.€€As€such€neither€theÏproperty€nor€the€fair€market€rents€paid€for€its€use€are€to€be€considered€asÏmarital€property.€€The€decision€of€the€trial€court€holding€otherwise€isÏreversed.ÌÌà àAppellant€next€takes€issue€with€the€amount€of€child€support€orderedÏbelow.€€The€court€found€that€the€earning€capacity€of€the€appellant€was€far€inÏexcess€of€the€actual€income€reported€by€him.€€The€evidence€does€notÏpreponderate€against€this€finding€of€fact.€€This€court,€however,€does€takeÏissue€with€the€calculation€method€the€trial€court€used.€€In€ordering€theÏsupport€obligation,€the€court€below€apparently€considered€a€$2,280.96€netÏincome€for€an€individual€earning€$3,000€gross.€€The€court€used€this€netÍfigure€in€calculating€the€support€obligation€of€the€appellant.€€Although€theÏproof€below€showed€that€Gary€Ray€Hannah€was€"self„employed,"€the€trialÏjudge€apparently€imputed€the€earnings€$3,000€wages€as€those€of€an€employedÏindividual.€€However,€this€court€finds€that€in€calculating€the€appellant'sÏsupport€obligation,€the€trial€court€failed€to€consider€appellant's€prior€supportÏobligation€of€$325€per€month€for€the€child€of€a€prior€marriage€per€the€ChildÏSupport€Guidelines.€€ò òòòTenn.€Comp.€R.€&€Regs.€r.€1240„2„4„.03ó óóó(1994).€ÏBy€subtracting€that€$325€from€the€monthly€gross,›€we€arrive€at€theÏappropriate€net€income€of€œ$1,955.96.›€€This€figure€corresponds€more€closelyÏwith€œ$627›€per€month€child€support,€payable€at€$146.00€per€week€through€theÏRegistry€of€the€Circuit€Court€Clerk's€Office,€plus€an€additional€5%Ïcommission€for€a€total€of€$153.30€per€œweek.Ì›Ìà àAppellant€complains€of€the€allocation€and€valuation€of€maritalÏproperty€made€by€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àFirst€of€all,€since€this€court€reverses€the€action€of€the€trial€courtÏallocating€the€property€at€121€Mockingbird€Hill€Road€as€marital€property,Ïthere€is€no€division€thereof€to€be€made.€€The€valuation€of€the€1978€SkiÏSupreme€boat€was€valued€by€both€parties€at€$2,500.00€but€the€value€in€theÏfinal€decree€is€$5,000.00.€€The€value€of€this€item€is€set€at€$2,500.00€and€sameÏis€awarded€to€appellant.€€The€value€of€the€Kabota€lawn€mower€is€establishedÏby€the€testimony€to€be€$600.00€but€is€valued€at€$3,500.00€in€the€final€decree.€ÏThe€value€thereof€is€$600.00€and€same€is€awarded€to€appellant.€€The€value€ofÏthe€GMC€Jimmy€is€not€established€by€the€record€but€in€the€decree€is€valued€atÏ$2,000.00.€€Regardless€of€its€value€same€is€awarded€to€appellee.€€The€1972ÏNova€is€valued€by€the€appellee€between€$4,500.00€and€œ$5,500.00›€and€foundÍby€the€trial€court€to€have€a€value€of€$5,500.00.€€œWe€award€the€1972›€œNova,Ïwhatever€its€value,€to€Jeanie€Hannah.€€The€tools€of€the€appellant€are€valuedÏby€the€appellant€at€$1,000.00€and€by€the€appellee€at€$8,000.00€but€found€byÏthe€decree€to€have€a€$3,500.00€value.€€The€tools€are€valued€at€$3,500.00€andÏare€awarded€to€the€appellant.ÌÌà àAll€other€property€of€any€kind€or€character,€regardless€of€value,€isÏawarded€to€appellee.ÌÌà àIt€is€necessary€to€comment€briefly€on€the€procedure€used€in€the€trialÏcourt€bringing€about€the€final€decree.€€At€the€conclusion€of€the€hearing€theÏtrial€judge€instructed€both€counsel€to€submit€their€proposals€separately€to€theÏcourt€without€exchanging€same.€€The€result€is€that€the€trial€court€adopted€theÏdecree€submitted€by€counsel€for€the€appellee,€and€the€first€time€that€counselÏfor€the€appellant€was€made€aware€of€the€contents€thereof,€was€when€heÏreceived€a€copy€of€the€final€decree.€€A€motion€to€alter€or€amend€wasÏthereafter€denied€by€the€trial€court.€€In€many€respects€the€final€decree€isÏsimply€contrary€to€the€evidence€in€the€case.€€This€is€a€procedure€whichÏshould€not€be€encouraged.ÌÌà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€reversed€in€part,€modified€inÏpart,€and€remanded.€€Costs€on€appeal€are€assessed€equally€against€the€parties.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà à_________________________________Ìà àà àà àWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌHENRY€F.€TODD,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGE€€€à àÌà8 àà à