ÿWPCq 0# °UN» %  0(w@74w‹ 0lš 0D 0@J 0JŠ 0TÔ 0^( 0h† 0rî 0|` 0†Ü 0b 1uò 0dg U>Ë B) B2 D3O DC‚ AMÅ U* < ˜A \Ùv~5 AQ³Æ 0DÊ 0D D/R BvÓž˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ žUŸ   ¡ ¢ ££¤¥¦Ó€²Œƒ*#а°3|x²((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d d 'ÿÿdxd7Border 1dd* "Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial ûÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ+"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€$ÔÔ€$ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€$XÔÌÌò òOctober€8,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€$ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó ŽÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ýò ò29„16„123.€€Action€initiated€by€owner.€„„ó ó€(a)€If,€however,€such€person€orÏcompany€has€actually€taken€possession€of€such€land,€occupying€it€for€the€purposes€of€internalÏimprovement,€the€owner€of€such€land€may€petition€for€a€jury€of€inquest,€in€which€case€the€sameÏproceedings€may€be€had,€as€near€as€may€be,€as€hereinbefore€provided;€or€he€may€sue€for€damagesÏin€the€ordinary€way,€in€which€case€the€jury€shall€lay€off€the€land€by€metes€and€bounds€and€assessÏthe€damages,€as€upon€the€trial€of€an€appeal€from€the€return€of€a€jury€of€inquest.Ì RÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ýò ò54„5„111.€€Rights„of„way€for€state€highways€„„€Liability€for€cost.ó 󀀄„€(a)€TheÏstate€of€Tennessee€is€liable€for€and€shall€be€held€to€pay,€through€its€department€of€transportationÏand€as€other€highway€expenses€are€paid,€for€all€rights„of„way€and€damages€and€costs€incident€toÏthe€acquisition€and€use€of€same,€whether€by€condemnation€suits€or€otherwise€as€provided€byÏexisting€laws,€necessary€to€the€construction€of€any€highway,€or€parts€thereof,€designated€andÏadopted€by€the€department€as€and€for€a€state€or€state€and€federal€aid€highway€in€the€stateððs€systemÏof€highways.Ìà à(b)€No€county€affected€by€such€highways€will€be€liable€therefor,€nor€shall€any€county€payÏor€enter€into€an€agreement€to€pay€any€part€of€such€costs.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`*+ ,-Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó..'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  Ýò òÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ` Ü` p”XÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÞ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEE,€WESTERN€SECTIONÌà@ àAT€JACKSONó óÌÌà@ à_______________________________________________________ÌÌà à)Ìò òJAMES€C.€HISE,€JR.€and€wifeó ó,à à)à àShelby€County€Circuit€CourtÌò òBRENDA€L.€HISEó ó,à à)à àNo.€74283€T.D.Ìà à)à àÌ€€€€€Plaintiffs/Appellants.à à)Ìà à)ÌVS.à à)à àC.A.€No.€02A01„9701„CV„00023ÌÙ€*ÙßR€#%"A1-j|‘ù8` Å `€€@ÿRßà à)Ìò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEó ó,€à à)Ìò òDEPARTMENT€OF€ó óà à)Ìò òTRANSPORTATION,€BRUCE€ó óà à)Ìò òSALTSMAN,€COMMISSIONERó ó,à à)Ìà à)Ì€€€€€Defendants/Appellees.à à)Ìà à)Ì______________________________________________________________________________ÌÌFrom€the€Circuit€Court€of€Shelby€County€at€Memphis.Ìò òHonorable€Kay€S.€Robilio,€Judgeó ó€ò ò€ó óÌÌÌÌò òJohn€D.€Horneó ó,€THE€WINCHESTER€LAW€FIRM,€Memphis,€TennesseeÌAttorney€for€Plaintiffs/Appellants.ÌÌÌò òJohn€Knox€Walkupó ó,€Attorney€General€&€ReporterÌò òMichael€E.€Mooreó ó,€Solicitor€GeneralÌò òLarry€M.€Teagueó ó,€Senior€CounselÌAttorney€for€Defendants/Appellees.ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:ÌÌò òAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDó óÌÌÌà àò òFARMER,€J.ó óÌÌò òHIGHERS,€J.ó ó:€(Concurs)Ìò òINMAN,€Sr.€J.ó ó:€(Concurs)ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓÓÓ  ÓÓ` Ü` ˜XÓà àJames€C.€Hise,€Jr.€and€wife,€Brenda€L.€Hise€sued€the€State€of€Tennessee,€theÏDepartment€of€Transportation€and€its€commissioner€for€damages€in€an€inverse€condemnationÏaction.€€The€complaint€alleges€that,€after€conveying€a€portion€of€their€property€to€the€state,€theyÏlearned€that€the€project€adversely€impacted€their€commercial€property.€€The€defendants€filed€aÏmotion€to€dismiss€on€the€basis€of€sovereign€immunity.€€The€motion€was€granted€and€the€plaintiffsÏappealed.ÌÌà àAppellants€contend€that€they€are€authorized€to€bring€this€action€against€the€StateÏpursuant€to€T.C.A.€ðð€29„16„123(a).× ƒ& ××  ×€€As€noted€below,€this€section€of€the€eminent€domain€statutesÏpermits€suit€by€the€landowner,€commonly€referred€to€as€inverse€condemnation.€€They€further€relyÏon€Art.€I,€ðð€21€of€the€Constitution€of€Tennessee€which€provides,€in€part,€that€no€oneððs€propertyÏshall€be€taken€without€just€compensation.ÌÌà àAppellants€acknowledge€Art.€I,€ðð€17,€which€provides€in€part€that€ð ðsuits€may€beÏbrought€against€the€State€in€such€manner€and€in€such€courts€as€the€Legislature€may€by€law€direct.ðð€ÏThey€contend€that€the€legislature€has€authorized€a€suit€such€as€theirs€against€the€state€by€the€passageÏof€ðð€29„16„102(a)€of€the€eminent€domain€statute,€which€provides:ÌÌÓÓà8 àThis€chapter€shall€be€deemed,€unless€expressly€stated€to€theÏcontrary,€and€without€incorporation€or€reference,€to€be€a€part€ofÍevery€section,€or€legislative€act,€present€or€future,€which€grants€theÏpower€of€such€condemnation.ÌÌÌÌÓÓThey€further€rely€on€T.C.A.€ðð€29„20„105€of€the€Governmental€Tort€Liability€Act€which€providesÏthat€ð ð[t]his€chapter€shall€not€apply€to€any€action€in€eminent€domain€initiated€by€a€landowner€underÏðððð€29„16„123€and€29„16„124€nor€be€construed€to€impliedly€repeal€those€statutes.ðð€€However,€thisÏAct€does€not€apply€to€the€state€government,€its€agencies€and€departments.€€òòò òLucius€v.€City€ofÏMemphisóóó ó,€925€S.W.2d€522,€525€(Tenn.€1996).ÌÌà àT.C.A.€ðð€20„13„102(a)€provides€as€follows:ÌÌÓÓà8 àò òActions€against€state€prohibited.€€„„ó ó€(a)€No€court€in€the€stateÏshall€have€any€power,€jurisdiction,€or€authority€to€entertain€any€suitÏagainst€the€state,€or€against€any€officer€of€the€state€acting€byÏauthority€of€the€state,€with€a€view€to€reach€the€state,€its€treasury,Ïfunds,€or€property,€and€all€such€suits€shall€be€dismissed€as€to€theÏstate€or€such€officers,€on€motion,€plea,€or€demurrer€of€the€lawÏofficer€of€the€state,€or€counsel€employed€for€the€state.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àIt€has€long€been€the€law€in€this€state€that€the€state€cannot€be€subject€to€litigation€byÏindividuals€unless€the€words€of€the€act€are€so€plain,€clear€and€unmistakable€as€to€leave€no€doubt€ofÏthe€legislative€intent€that€it€should€be€done.€€òòò òQuinton€v.€Board€of€Claimsóóó ó,€54€S.W.2d€953Ï(Tenn.€1932).€€The€State€is€immune€from€suit€in€a€state€court€unless€the€legislature€specificallyÏprovides€to€the€contrary.€€òòò òShell€v.€Stateóóó ó,€893€S.W.2d€416,€420€(Tenn.€1995).€€In€òòò òPhillips€v.ÏMarion€Countyóóó ó,€59€S.W.2d€507€(Tenn.€1933),€suit€was€brought€against€the€county€to€recoverÏdamages€for€land€taken€for€the€construction€of€a€state€highway.€€Counterpart€summons€was€issuedÏagainst€the€State€of€Tennessee,€Department€of€Highways€and€Public€Works.€€In€holding€that€theÏdemurrer€filed€on€behalf€of€the€state€should€have€been€sustained,€the€court€said:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àPublic€Acts€1931,€chapter€57,€(now€T.C.A.€ðð€54„5„111)× ƒ' ××  ×€inÏso€far€as€it€was€made€to€apply€to€rights€of€way€taken€or€condemnedÏprior€to€its€enactment,€was€designed€and€intended€to€relieve€theÏseveral€counties€of€burdens€theretofore€cast€upon€them€by€law,€asÏwe€have€heretofore€held,€but€it€contains€no€provision€authorizingÏenforcement€of€the€assumed€liability€by€suit€against€the€state€or€itsÏofficers.€€The€statute€and€rule€cited€above€clearly€forbid€the€courtsÏfrom€assuming€jurisdiction€of€such€a€suit,€in€the€absence€of€statutoryÏauthority.€€We€think€therefore€that€we€must€hold€that€theÏenforcement€of€the€act€of€1931€was€left€by€the€Legislature€to€theÏdiscretion€of€the€commissioner€of€highways€and€public€works.€€HisÏcompliance€with€the€terms€of€the€act€may€be€enforced€by€mandamus,Ïwhen€the€right€of€the€claimant€is€clear€and€the€facts€are€undisputed€orÏnot€subject€to€dispute,€so€that€an€exercise€of€discretion€is€notÏinvolved.€€òòò òPeerless€Construction€Co.€v.€Bassóóó ó,€158€Tenn.Ï518,€14€S.W.(2d)€732.ÌÌÌòòò òÓÓPhillipsóóó ó,€59€S.W.2d€at€509.ÌÌà àThe€question€before€the€court€in€òòò òBrooksbank€v.€Leechóóó ó,€332€S.W.2d€210€(Tenn.Ï1959),€was€whether€a€landowner€may€maintain€a€suit€against€the€state€highway€commissioner€forÏthe€taking€of€land€for€the€construction€of€a€limited€access€highway.€€The€court€noted€that€by€theÏenactment€of€ðð€54„511€(now€T.C.A.€ðð€54„5„111)€the€state€assumed€the€burden€for€the€damageÏsustained€by€one€whose€property€is€taken€for€state€highway€purposes.€€The€court€cited€òòò òPhillipsÏv.€Marion€Countyóóó ó€for€the€proposition€that,€under€this€statute,€the€county€was€liable€to€theÏlandowner€and€not€the€state,€that€is,€the€state€was€not€directly€liable€to€the€landowner€but€theÏlandownerððs€right€of€action€was€against€the€county€in€which€the€land€lay.€€In€noting€that€each€of€theÏcode€sections€dealing€with€eminent€domain€must€be€read€in€òòò òpari€materiaóóó ó,€the€court€held€that€thereÏwas€no€direct€permissive€right€for€suits€against€the€state.€€ÌÌà àIn€òòò òMcLain€v.€State€of€Tennessee€and€Sullivan€Countyóóó ó,€442€S.W.2d€637,Ï640€(Tenn.€App.€1968),€this€Court€said:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àTo€enable€the€property€owner€to€recover€damages€for€landÏtaken€by€the€state€for€highway€purposes€our€Supreme€Court€hasÏheld,€since€the€state€can€not€be€sued,€there€exists€a€right€of€actionÏagainst€the€county€in€a€reverse€condemnation€proceeding.€€OtherwiseÏthere€would€be€a€right€without€a€remedy€and€a€taking€without€justÏcompensation€in€violation€of€the€constitution.€€òòò òPhillips€v.€MarionÏCountyóóó ó,€166€Tenn.€83,€59€S.W.2d€507;€òòò òBaker€v.€Roseó óóó,€165ÏTenn.€543,€56€S.W.2d€732;€òòò òBrooksbank€v.€Leechóóó ó,€206€Tenn.Ï176,€182,€332€S.W.2d€210.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àIn€another€inverse€condemnation€action,€òòò òJones€v.€Cocke€Countyóóó ó,€420€S.W.2dÏ587,€590€(Tenn.€App.€1967),€this€Court€noted€that€the€state€is€not€amenable€to€a€suit€by€aÏlandowner€in€an€action€such€as€this.ÌÌà àAppellants€further€rely€upon€language€in€òòò òCox€v.€Stateóóó ó,€399€S.W.2d€776€(Tenn.Ï1965)€which€states€that,€if€in€fact€the€game€and€fish€commission€took€land€by€condemnation€or€byÏpurchase€from€one€whose€title€was€bad,€then€the€sole€remedy€of€the€owner€of€the€property€is€anÏaction€at€law€for€just€compensation€pursuant€to€T.C.A.€ðð€23„1423€(now€29„16„123).€€However,Ïthe€holding€in€that€case€was€a€sustaining€of€the€stateððs€demurrer€on€the€basis€that€jurisdiction€to€tryÏcondemnation€and€reverse€condemnation€suits€is€conferred€upon€the€circuit€courts,€and€not€uponÏchancery€court€where€the€case€was€instituted.ÌÌà àSuit€may€not€be€brought€against€a€governmental€entity€except€to€the€extent€that€theÏgovernmental€entity€has€consented€to€be€sued.€€The€doctrine€of€sovereign€immunity€has€been€a€partÏof€the€law€of€this€state€for€more€than€a€century.€€òòò òLucius€v.€City€of€Memphisóóó ó,€925€S.W.2dÏ522,€525€(Tenn.€1996).€€It€is€presumed€that€statutes€are€not€repealed€by€implication.€€TheÏlegislature€is€presumed€to€have€knowledge€of€the€state€of€the€law€on€the€subject€under€considerationÏat€the€time€it€enacts€legislation.€€òòò òJenkins€v.€Loudon€Countyóóó ó,€736€S.W.2d€603,€608€(Tenn.Í1987);€òòò òEquitable€Life€Assurance€Co.€v.€Odleóóó ó,€547€S.W.2d€939,€941€(Tenn.€1977).€ÏReading€the€sections€of€the€eminent€domain€statutes€in€òòò òpari€materiaóóó ó,€and€reviewing€the€holdingsÏheretofore€set€forth,€we€conclude€that€the€legislature€has€not€specifically€allowed€a€landowner€in€anÏinverse€condemnation€action€to€file€suit€against€the€State€of€Tennessee.€€It€results€that€the€judgmentÏof€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€Costs€of€this€cause€are€taxed€to€the€appellant.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àFARMER,€J.ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌHIGHERS,€J.€(Concurs)ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌINMAN,€Sr.€J.€(Concurs)