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X/&24Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ.   CRight ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)3|xy<6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXx6X@JQX@( T$   dR"$(G.2$ FT!   XX     0  MARVINBERKELESLIEMcWILLIAMS($   0  HOWELLBERKEFRAYN HANNPUCKETT UTCLearueP]ersons("$    GGGG'dxd cDdeDfgDhiDjkӀw2 0Indent123  2" 0Indent20 23  2, 0Indent30 0 23  26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23  VWXYZ[\] ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` X<  9p`(Courier New% Line 7 dgggg7Border 1ddNhC << G<  9p`(Arial  F!  #d#f  jj   YYY FILEDjX May21,1997CecilCrowson,Jr.jAppellateCourtClerk  F!#d#f  I$f         Noappealisraisedastothesummaryjudgmentofthepromoters.PtPtHH(FG(HH(d'hStyl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Geneva   h HD: Geneva  h HD: Geneva NC<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd F! . f    7iXXdd7\RA'\ `    , 5  g u` RikhA1-j|`  `@Rߛ @ INTHECOURTOFAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE@ EASTERNSECTIONTHERESAHYDE@ @ ) HAMILTONCOUNTY@ ) 03A019611CV00346 PlaintiffAppellant  @ )@ )@ ) v.  @ ) HON.L.MARIEWILLIAMS,̀@ ) JUDGE@ ) @ STATEOFTENNESSEE,THE@ )UNIVERSITYOFTENNESSEE,and@ )THEUNIVERSITYOFTENNESSEE@ )ATCHATTANOOGA@ ) @ ) DefendantsAppellees@ ) AFFIRMEDANDREMANDEDLAWRENCEH.PUCKETTOFCLEVELANDFORAPPELLANTF.R.EVANSOFCHATTANOOGAFORAPPELLEES    OPINION         Goddard,P.J.  ThiscaseinvolvesapersonalinjurybythePlaintiff/Appellant,TheresaHyde,ataconcertheldattheUniversityofTennesseeChattanoogaArena.  OnMay6,1993,Ms.HydeattendedaconcertbytherockbandLynyrdSkynyrdattheUTCRoundhouseArenainChattanooga.Duringtheconcert,Ms.Hydeandherfriend,JanaGriffis,leftthearenaauditoriumforrefreshments.Whiledrinkingasoftdrinkinthearenalobby,Ms.HydeandMs.Griffisnoticedadisturbance.Amanincustodywasbeingescortedbysecuritypersonnelintheproximityofwherethepairwasstanding.Theymovedoutoftheway,butshortlythereafteranotherdisturbanceinvolvingthewifeofthemanincustodyensued.Intheprocess,Ms.Hyde,accordingtohertestimony,wasinjuredbyaturnstilebeingeithertippedorshovedintoher.Ms.Hydesufferedacontusiontoherpelvis.  Ms.HydefiledsuitagainstLynyrdSkynyrd,CDP,Inc.,a/k/aCellarDoorProductions,Inc.,a/k/aCellarDoorConcertsofFlorida,Inc.,andaclaimagainsttheStateofTennesseethroughtheTennesseeClaimsCommission.TheClaimsCommissiontransferredthecasetotheCircuitCourtforHamiltonCounty,andsummaryjudgmentwasgrantedastotheconcertpromoters. l   ׀Atthecloseofallproof,theTrialCourtfoundthatMs.Hyde'sclaimfordamagesunderT.C.A.98307(E)and(F)wasnotapplicable,andthatherclaimunder98307(a)(1)(C)mustfailbecausetheproofdidnotestablishUTC'snoticeofadangerouscondition.Thisappealfollowed.  Ms.Hydesubmitsthefollowingissuesforourconsideration:       I. WhethertheevidencepreponderatesagainstthefindingofthetrialcourtthattheStateofTennesseedidnothavenoticeofthedangerousconditiononitspremisescausedbythelocationofanunusedturnstileinanareawherepatronswereknowntocongregateandmoveinandoutoftheArena.II. Whetherthetrialcourterredinfailingtoconsiderasanadditionalgroundofreliefthedefendant'sfailurethroughitssecuritypersonneltomakethepremisesreasonablysafefortheplaintiffbyarrestinganunrulypatroninsufficienttimeandmannertoavoidinjurytotheplaintiff.         WefirstnotethatourreviewoftheTrialCourt'sjudgmentisguidedbyRule13(d),TennesseeRulesofAppellateProcedure."Unlessotherwiserequiredbystatute,reviewoffindingsoffactbythetrialcourtincivilactionsshallbedenovoupontherecordofthetrialcourt,accompaniedbyapresumptionofthecorrectnessofthefinding,unlessthepreponderanceoftheevidenceisotherwise."Adamsv.DeanRoofingCo.Inc.,715S.W.2d341(Tenn.App.1986).  TheTrialCourtfound,andweconcur,thatthisactionisgovernedbyT.C.A.98307(a)(1)(C),whichstates:       The(Claims)commissionoreachcommissionersittingindividuallyhasexclusivejurisdictiontodetermineallmonetaryclaimsagainstthestatefallingwithinone(1)ormoreofthefollowingcategories: `   `  `   ...   `      (C)Negligentlycreatedormaintaineddangerousconditionsonstatecontrolledrealproperty.Theclaimantunderthissubsectionmustestablishtheforeseeabilityoftherisksandnoticegiventotheproperstateofficialsatatimesufficientlypriortotheinjuryforthestatetohavetakenappropriatemeasures.         Ms.Hyde'sfirstargumentconcernstheissueofwhetherUTChadnoticeofadangerousconditiononitspremises.TheTrialCourtfoundthatthelocationoftheturnstilewasanegligentlycreatedormaintaineddangerouscondition,andthatitwasforeseeablethattheturnstilecouldbepushedintosomeoneinthemannerinwhichMs.Hydewasinjured.TheCourtfound,however,thatMs.HydehadfailedtoprovethattheStatewasgivenpropernoticesufficientlypriortotheinjuryforittohavetakenappropriatemeasurestocorrectthesituation.Ms.HydecontendsthatthepreponderanceoftheevidencewasthatemployeesoftheUniversityhadplacedtheturnstileinanareawherepatronscongregated,andnoticetotheUniversityshouldthereforebepresumed.SeeStringerv.Cooper,486S.W.2d751,757(Tenn.App.1972).  Wedonotbelieve,however,thatthefactsofthiscasegiverisetoapresumptionthatanemployeeofthearenamovedtheturnstiletotheareawhereitwaslocatedatthetimeofMs.Hyde'sinjuries.Mr.Hyde,inherbrief,setsforthfourpossibleexplanationsforthelocationoftheturnstile,twoofwhichinvolveapatronmovingtheturnstile.Ifinfactapatronhadmovedtheturnstile,theUniversity(andconsequentlytheState)wouldnotbechargedwithnoticeofthedangerousconditionunlessanemployeeknewtheturnstilehadbeenmoved.  WedonotfindtheevidencepreponderatesagainstthefindingoftheTrialCourtthattheStatehadnonoticeofthedangerouslocationoftheturnstile.TheevidencecouldequallysupportanyofMs.Hyde'stheoriesabouthowtheturnstilewasmoved,includingthepossibilitythatapatronmovedit.Ms.HydeaskstheCourttodrawaninferencethatarenaemployeesmusthaveseentheturnstilebeingmovedbecauseofitscolor,sizeandweight.Therewasnoevidencepresentedher,however,thatanarenaemployeeeverwitnessedtheturnstileinquestionbeingmovedbyapatron,orbyanarenaemployee.  WeagreewiththeTrialCourtthatMs.Hydefailedtoprovenotice,asrequiredbyT.C.A.98307(a)(1)(C).  Ms.Hyde'ssecondissueconcernstheTrialCourt'srefusaltoallowhertoproceedunderT.C.A.98307(a)(1)(E),"Negligentcare,custodyandcontrolofpersons."TheCourtreliedonLearuev.State,757S.W.2d3(Tenn.App.1987),whichfoundthatthelegislativeintentofthestatutewasthatitistoapplyto:       [P]ersonsconfinedtopenalinstitutions,residencesorhealthandothersimilarfacilitiesmaintainedbythestate.Ourinterpretationof(a)(5)[now(a)(1)(E)]isthatithasnoapplicationtopersonspayingentrancefeestostatemaintainedrecreationfacilitiesmerelybecausetherearerulesandregulationspertainingtotheusethereof.       Learue,atpage5.Weagreewiththisinterpretation,andholdthatthereisnoevidencethatsection(a)(1)(E)wasmeanttoapplytoconcertgoersataStateownedarena.Evenifweweretorulethatsection(a)(1)(E)wasapplicabletopersonsattendingconcertsatstateownedarenas,wedonotbelieveMs.Hydecouldprevailunderthistheory.Shewasinjuredwhenapatronjumpedonasecurityofficerorofficersand,then,asagroup,injuredϜher.She,however,concedesthatthepatronwasnotunderarrestatthemomentshewasinjured,butwasarrestedlaterintheevening,outsideofthearena.Thus,atthetimeofMs.Hyde'sinjuries,thepatroncausingthedisturbancewasnotunderarrestand,consequently,wasnotunderthecontroloftheState.  Forthereasonssetforthabove,thejudgmentoftheTrialCourtisaffirmedandthecauseremandedforcollectionofcostsbelow.CostsofappealareadjudgedagainstMs.Hydeandhersurety.      _______________________________      HoustonM.Goddard,P.J.CONCUR:________________________________DonT.McMurray,J.________________________________CharlesD.Susano,Jr.,J.