ÿWPC} q‰Qz¦ìGLkªê&‹š¾OÀYI ˜„8ÐÝWã5ð-k ëÁ_ùq¦ÂCçH®ŽMbx‡UyXÊ%ÙN0i‹ò«—CñA^ˆ²þ’,0ÊFês wRVcGv·),,S=ó Ž¤\+Ém $¹Žh'zý~i)a¤T6·éÎ'Å~®C+ à-ÎX‰ïΨ™³$ÞÓØÐšä*ÊñSºX(¸âNŒ !U}mÝ•œÓÑÀÊÖIð+Ñ1BüÇì×öjj’è^PnÙ|ušóÔ¬Ùãï>›}&¤èƒKÉåW]ª‰ÖðØWu43žTbY¿zKÏ„U‰,M‚ÜLŽ?µéÈXÿžumó¶Ê´4)i·@5¡@½ü,kvÇâQ…+†4[¶!ñºI6z‚½#i‘jŽ-ë‹»‘gÅý8hR‡)ûîþ‡XFmòøÐ›ùEK’ˆªâ7"dÞ`@ °é'L!•AÜWö ’•€”¨ÍIð=a¥‰Îûºt 5 øY°S©+1ß°ÖïÏ&Äm|„Wß°9üÍ'‘Ÿá~£¬µýçUébÁ'×lgç]ÀÏ¿˜Ô†¼é …I¦é0G®õh^ ë9àØ“ºˆ€t•f-ŸÀL¤­&²›•b#Á\^  %) 0ˆ/ UN· w 4 z Ò— i x mz ‘ Æ™ Æ_ Æ% Æë w±N( 0D**Ennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnbpppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp 0ëxxxx Bcc 0¤€ D5$ D-Y 0K†† ASÑÆ$ 0¤ê 0DŽ A«Ò˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 5eÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0Áœi) »(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularª~g)\[ª  ô«¦ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 mÝ ƒRP4$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôí¥ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAs€the€trial€court€provided€in€its€January€16,€1998€order,€Mr.€Jarvis€may€pay€Ms.€Jarvis€the€required€$25,000Ð À Ðfrom€any€of€his€accounts.€€He€is€not€required€to€sell€the€Murfreesboro€house€or€to€liquidate€his€401(k)€plan.(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù-(|G2P4$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Lý»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôí¥ò»»Ô d(|3Ç’$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Lý»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Ç’$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Lý»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Lý»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑH°ÑÑÀ°ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼Lý»»»ÔÑ8€ aXXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ‡îK<LýÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ À Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼Lý»îîK<(#ԈРæ& ÐÓ  ÓOctober€2,€1998€SessionÐ  L ÐÔ‡X aX»¼LýÔÌò òÔ#†¼Lý»XX a#ÔCAROLYN€DONNA€JARVISòòóó€v.€THOMAS€HOLLAND€JARVISòòóóó óÐ  J ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Ô€X aX»¼LýÔAppeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Rutherford€CountyÐ 0 p Ðà@@øøìàNo.€36253€€€€€€Don€R.€Ash,€JudgeÐ D „ ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ H  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M1998„00905„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Filed€November€9,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ÔÐ C  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<Ú` AßÐ Û  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThis€appeal€involves€the€dissolution€of€a€five„year€marriage€in€the€Circuit€Court€for€RutherfordÐ Ö ÐCounty.€€Following€a€bench€trial,€the€trial€court€granted€the€wife€a€divorce€on€the€ground€ofÐ Â Ðinappropriate€marital€conduct,€divided€the€marital€estate,€and€ordered€the€husband€to€pay€long„termÐ ®î Ðspousal€support.€€The€trial€court€also€directed€the€husband€to€maintain€the€wifeððs€health€insuranceÐ šÚ Ðfor€three€years€and€to€reimburse€her€for€medical€expenses€incurred€prior€to€the€divorce.€€On€thisÐ †Æ Ðappeal,€the€husband€takes€issue€with€the€decision€to€award€the€wife€the€divorce,€the€classification€andÐ r² Ðdivision€of€the€marital€property,€and€the€long„term€spousal€support€award.€€We€have€determined€thatÐ ^ž Ðthe€spousal€support€award€should€be€modified€and€that€the€remaining€portions€of€the€trial€courtððsÐ JŠ Ðdecree€should€be€affirmed.Ð 6v ÐÓËÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Modified€in€Part€andÐ N ÐAffirmedó óÐ ú: ÐÌòòÓ  ÓWilliam€C.€Koch,€Jr.,óó€J.,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòBen€H.€Cantrell,€P.J.,€M.S.,óóÐ Ò Ðand€òòHenry€F.€Todd,€Sp.€J.óó,€joined.Ð ¾þ ÐÌRandle€W.€Hill,€Jr.,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Thomas€Holland€Jarvis.Ð – Ö  ÐÌJohn€B.€Melton,€III,€Murfreesboro,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellee,€Carolyn€Donna€Jarvis.Ð n"®" ÐÓi ÓÌò òOPINIONó óÐ F$† $ ÐÌÓ  Óà  àCarolyn€Jarvis€and€Thomas€Jarvis€met€in€the€early€1990s.€€Mr.€Jarvis,€then€approximatelyÐ &^"& Ðfifty„three€years€old,€worked€as€an€operations€manager€at€Genesco.€€Ms.€Jarvis€was€ten€years€youngerÐ  'J#' Ðthan€Mr.€Jarvis€and€was€unable€to€work€because€of€several€auto„immune€disorders,€includingÐ ö'6$( Ðdegenerative€nerve€disease€and€liver€disease.€€Both€parties€had€been€married€three€times€before,€andÐ â("%) Ðeach€of€their€marriages€had€ended€in€divorce.€€They€began€living€together€in€early€1991€and€wereÐ Î)&* Ðeventually€married€in€August€1992.€€Mr.€Jarvis€was€aware€of€Ms.€Jarvisððs€medical€problems,€butÐ º*ú&+ Ðneither€he€nor€Ms.€Jarvis€fully€appreciated€their€severity.Ð ¦+æ', ÐÌà  àThe€parties€built€a€home€in€Murfreesboro€following€the€marriage.€€They€anticipated€that€Mr.Ð ~-¾). ÐJarvis€would€work€until€he€was€eligible€for€early€retirement€and€that€they€would€then€move€to€FloridaÐ j.ª*/ Ðto€live€on€their€boat.€€They€used€Mr.€Jarvisððs€salary€for€most€of€their€living€expenses,€including€theÐ V/–+0ý Ðadditional€premiums€for€covering€Ms.€Jarvis€under€Genescoððs€group€health€plan.€€When€Ms.€JarvisÐ À Ðbegan€receiving€monthly€disability€benefits,€she€kept€these€funds€in€a€separate€account€but€used€aÐ ¬ì Ðportion€of€them€to€purchase€groceries,€to€pay€her€medical€insurance€premiums,€and€to€pay€for€the€costÐ ˜Ø Ðof€the€prescription€medications€not€covered€by€health€insurance.Ð „Ä ÐÌà  àMs.€Jarvisððs€health€continued€to€deteriorate,€and€her€stays€in€the€hospital€became€longer€andÐ \œ Ðmore€frequent.€€The€parties€paint€strikingly€different€pictures€of€the€effect€that€Ms.€Jarvisððs€illnessÐ H ˆ Ðhad€on€their€relationship.€€Ms.€Jarvis€asserts€that€Mr.€Jarvis€was€unsympathetic€and€resentful€aboutÐ 4 t Ðbeing€required€to€support€her.€€She€claims€that€Mr.€Jarvis€frequently€complained€about€her€inabilityÐ  ` Ðto€maintain€the€household€and€to€tend€to€his€needs€and€that€he€repeatedly€reminded€her€that€sheÐ  L  Ðwould€have€nothing€were€it€not€for€the€health€insurance€he€was€providing.€€For€his€part,€Mr.€JarvisÐ ø 8  Ðasserts€that€he€was€a€good€companion€to€Ms.€Jarvis€and€that€he€supported€her€as€best€he€couldÐ ä $  Ðthroughout€the€marriage.€€According€to€Mr.€Jarvis,€he€accompanied€Ms.€Jarvis€on€her€extendedÐ Ð  Ðhospital€visits€and€nursed€her€when€she€was€ill€or€fatigued.Ð ¼ü  ÐÌà  àMs.€Jarvisððs€illness€continued€to€place€a€strain€on€the€partiesðð€relationship.€€In€October€1993,Ð ”Ô  Ðone€of€their€arguments€led€to€physical€violence,€and€Mr.€Jarvis€was€arrested€for€assault.€€In€earlyÐ €À Ð1994,€Ms.€Jarvis€moved€into€her€daughterððs€house€but€returned€to€the€marital€home€four€or€fiveÐ l¬ Ðmonths€later.€€The€partiesðð€relationship€did€not€improve,€and€Ms.€Jarvis€moved€out€of€the€maritalÐ X˜ Ðhome€for€good€in€February€1996.€€On€February€22,€1996,€Ms.€Jarvis€filed€suit€in€the€Circuit€CourtÐ D„ Ðfor€Rutherford€County,€seeking€a€divorce€on€the€grounds€of€irreconcilable€differences€andÐ 0p Ðinappropriate€marital€conduct.€€€Mr.€Jarvis€counterclaimed€for€a€divorce€on€the€same€grounds€andÐ \ Ðasserted€that€Ms.€Jarvis€was€not€entitled€to€any€sort€of€spousal€support€because€of€the€shortness€ofÐ H Ðthe€marriage.€€Ð ô4 ÐÌà  àMr.€Jarvis€met€Patricia€Edge€in€December€1996€and€within€a€short€time€struck€up€a€romanticÐ Ì  Ðrelationship€with€her.€€In€June€1997,€Ms.€Edge€moved€into€the€marital€home€with€Mr.€Jarvis.€€ThreeÐ ¸ø Ðmonths€later,€Mr.€Jarvis€informed€Ms.€Jarvis€that€she€would€not€be€covered€by€Genescoððs€groupÐ ¤ä Ðhealth€insurance€plan€after€January€1,€1998.Ð Ð ÐÌà  àFollowing€a€bench€trial€in€December€1997,€the€trial€court€filed€an€order€on€January€16,€1998,Ð h¨ Ðgranting€Ms.€Jarvis€a€divorce€on€the€ground€of€inappropriate€marital€conduct.€€The€trial€court€alsoÐ T ” Ðdivided€the€marital€property€by€awarding€Ms.€Jarvis€$12,000€of€the€equity€in€the€partiesðð€home,Ð @!€  Ð$13,000€of€the€increase€in€the€value€of€Mr.€Jarvisððs€retirement€during€the€marriage,€and€various€otherÐ ,"l! Ðitems€of€personal€property.€€The€trial€court€also€directed€Mr.€Jarvis€to€pay€Ms.€Jarvis€$500€per€monthÐ #X" Ðin€long„term€spousal€support€until€her€death€or€remarriage,€to€maintain€Ms.€Jarvisððs€medicalÐ $D # Ðinsurance€for€thirty„six€months,€and€to€pay€her€$3,000€for€medical€expenses€incurred€prior€to€theÐ ð$0!$ Ðdivorce.Ð Ü%"% ÐÌÌà@¬¬)ìàò òI.ó óˆÐ  (à$( Ðà@l l ìàòòò òThe€Award€of€the€Divorce€to€Ms.€Jarvisó óóó€ˆÐ Œ)Ì%) ÐÌà  àMr.€Jarvis€first€takes€issue€with€the€trial€courtððs€decision€to€award€the€divorce€to€Ms.€JarvisÐ h+¨'+ Ðbecause€of€his€romantic€involvement€with€Ms.€Edge.€€He€asserts€that€this€relationship€should€notÐ T,”(, Ðsupply€grounds€for€divorce€because€it€did€not€begin€until€after€he€and€Ms.€Jarvis€had€separated.€€Mr.Ð @-€)- ÐJarvisððs€argument€fails€for€two€reasons.€€First,€a€partyððs€post„separation€conduct€may€be€consideredÐ À Ðwhen€determining€which€party€should€be€awarded€the€divorce.€€Second,€even€if€Mr.€Jarvisððs€post„Ð ¬ì Ðseparation€affair€with€Ms.€Edge€were€not€considered,€the€record€contains€ample€evidence€of€Mr.Ð ˜Ø ÐJarvisððs€inappropriate€marital€conduct€during€the€portion€of€the€marriage€when€the€parties€were€stillÐ „Ä Ðliving€together.Ð p° ÐÌà  àConduct€occurring€after€the€parties€have€separated€may€provide€grounds€for€awarding€aÐ H ˆ Ðdivorce.€€Accordingly,€both€this€court€and€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€have€upheld€divorces€onÐ 4 t Ðthe€ground€of€adultery€when€the€extramarital€sexual€relations€occurred€after€the€parties€had€separated.€Ð  ` ÐòòClark€v.€Clarkóó,€644€S.W.2d€681,€682€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1982);€òòSchwalb€v.€Schwalbóó,€39€Tenn.€App.€306Ð  L  Ð328,€282€S.W.2d€661,€671€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1955).€€Adulterous€acts€provide€a€basis€for€awarding€aÐ ø 8  Ðdivorce€on€the€ground€of€inappropriate€marital€conduct€as€defined€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„4„Ð ä $  Ð102(11)€(Supp.€1999).€€òòFarrar€v.€Farraróó,€553€S.W.2d€741,€744€(Tenn.€1977);€òòSpencer€v.€Spenceróó,Ð Ð  ÐNo.€01A01„9109„CV„00328,€1992€WL€247641,€at€*2€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Oct.€2,€1992)€(No€Tenn.€R.Ð ¼ü  ÐApp.€P.€11€application€filed).€€Accordingly,€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€basing€its€decision€to€grantÐ ¨è  Ðthe€divorce€to€Ms.€Jarvis€on€Mr.€Jarvisððs€post„separation€relationship€with€Ms.€Edge.Ð ”Ô  ÐÌà  àWhile€not€minimizing€Mr.€Jarvisððs€post„separation€relationship€with€Ms.€Edge,€we€find€thatÐ l¬ Ðthe€record€contains€stronger€evidence€to€support€granting€Ms.€Jarvis€a€divorce€based€on€inappropriateÐ X˜ Ðmarital€conduct.€€This€evidence€involves€the€way€that€Mr.€Jarvis€treated€Ms.€Jarvis€during€theÐ D„ Ðmarriage€prior€to€the€separation.€€Mr.€Jarvis€placed€demands€on€Ms.€Jarvis€that€were€inappropriateÐ 0p Ðin€light€of€her€illness.€€Despite€his€knowledge€that€Ms.€Jarvis€has€a€serious€and€debilitating€illness,Ð \ ÐMr.€Jarvis€expected€Ms.€Jarvis€to€clean€the€house,€do€the€laundry,€prepare€the€meals,€and€otherwiseÐ H Ðmaintain€the€household.€€As€time€went€on,€Mr.€Jarvis€became€intolerant€of€his€wifeððs€physicalÐ ô4 Ðlimitations€and€resented€being€required€to€support€her.€€Finally,€in€October€1993,€he€was€arrested€forÐ à  Ðassaulting€Ms.€Jarvis.€€Even€though€these€charges€were€eventually€dismissed,€we€have€concluded€thatÐ Ì  ÐMr.€Jarvisððs€conduct€during€the€later€stages€of€the€marriage€was€clearly€inappropriate€and€that€itÐ ¸ø Ðprovided€more€than€sufficient€evidence€to€support€granting€Ms.€Jarvis€the€divorce€based€onÐ ¤ä Ðinappropriate€marital€conduct.Ð Ð ÐÌà@……)ìàò òII.ó óˆÐ h¨ Ðà@&&ìàòòò òDivision€of€the€Marital€Estateó óóóˆÐ T ” ÐÌà  àMr.€Jarvis€next€takes€issue€with€the€trial€courtððs€division€of€the€marital€estate.€€Specifically,Ð ,"l! Ðhe€asserts€that€the€trial€court€should€not€have€awarded€Ms.€Jarvis€a€portion€of€his€401(k)€accountÐ #X" Ðbecause€she€did€not€contribute€to€the€increase€in€its€value.€€He€also€asserts€that€Ms.€Jarvis€should€notÐ $D # Ðhave€received€any€portion€of€the€equity€in€the€martial€home€in€Murfreesboro€because€he€providedÐ ð$0!$ Ðthe€funds€to€construct€it.Ð Ü%"% ÐÌà  àAn€integral€part€of€the€process€of€dividing€the€property€interests€of€divorcing€parties€is€theÐ ´'ô#' Ðidentification€and€distribution€of€the€partiesðð€separate€property.€€òòBatson€v.€Batsonóó,€769€S.W.2d€849,Ð  (à$( Ð856€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1988).€€€Property€should€not€be€included€in€the€marital€estate€unless€it€is€maritalÐ Œ)Ì%) Ðproperty€as€defined€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„4„121(b)(1)(A)€(1996).€€òòCutsinger€v.€Cutsingeróó,€917Ð x*¸&* ÐS.W.2d€238,€241€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1995).€€Separate€property€cannot,€by€definition,€be€included€in€theÐ d+¤'+ Ðmarital€estate,€and€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„4„121(b)(2)(D)€provides€that€property€acquired€by€a€spouseÐ P,(, Ðduring€a€marriage€by€ð ðgift,€bequest,€devise€or€descentðð€is€separate€property.€€Thus,€gifts€by€oneÐ <-|)- Ðspouse€to€another€that€might€otherwise€be€considered€martial€property€should€be€classified€as€theÐ À Ðrecipient€spouseððs€separate€property.€€òòHanover€v.€Hanoveróó,€775€S.W.2d€612,€617€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.Ð ¬ì Ð1989);€òòBatson€v.€Batsonóó,€769€S.W.2d€at€859.€€Ð ˜Ø ÐÌà  à€Dividing€a€marital€estate€is€not€a€mechanical€process,€but€rather€is€guided€by€considering€theÐ p° Ðfactors€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„4„121(c).€€Trial€judges€have€wide€latitude€in€fashioning€an€equitableÐ \œ Ðdivision€of€marital€property,€òòFisher€v.€Fisheróó,€648€S.W.2d€244,€246€(Tenn.€1983);€òòBrown€v.€Brownóó,Ð H ˆ Ð913€S.W.2d€163,€168€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1994),€and€appellate€courts€accord€great€weight€to€a€trialÐ 4 t Ðjudgeððs€division€of€marital€property.€€òòWilson€v.€Mooreóó,€929€S.W.2d€367,€372€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1996);Ð  ` ÐòòEdwards€v.€Edwardsóó,€501€S.W.2d€283,€288€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1973).€€Thus,€we€will€ordinarily€deferÐ  L  Ðto€the€trial€judgeððs€decision€unless€it€is€inconsistent€with€the€factors€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„4„Ð ø 8  Ð121(c)€or€is€not€supported€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence.€€òòBrown€v.€Brownóó,€913€S.W.2d€at€168;Ð ä $  ÐòòMahaffey€v.€Mahaffeyóó,€775€S.W.2d€618,€622€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1989);€òòHardin€v.€Hardinóó,€689€S.W.2dÐ Ð  Ð152,€154€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1983).€€Ð ¼ü  ÐÌà  àIn€accordance€with€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„4„121(c)(1),€trial€courts€consider€the€duration€ofÐ ”Ô  Ðthe€marriage€when€making€an€equitable€division€of€marital€property.€€In€cases€involving€a€marriageÐ €À Ðof€relatively€short€duration,€it€is€appropriate€to€divide€the€property€in€a€way€that,€as€nearly€as€possible,Ð l¬ Ðplaces€the€parties€in€the€same€position€they€would€have€been€in€had€the€marriage€never€taken€place.€Ð X˜ ÐòòBatson€v.€Batsonóó,€769€S.W.2d€at€859.€€Each€spouseððs€contributions€to€the€accumulation€of€assetsÐ D„ Ðduring€the€marriage€is€an€important€factor€when€a€relatively€short€marriage€is€involved.€€When€aÐ 0p Ðmarriage€is€short,€the€significance€and€value€of€a€spouseððs€non„monetary€contributions€is€diminished,Ð \ Ðand€claims€by€one€spouse€to€another€spouseððs€separate€property€based€on€non„monetary€contributionsÐ H Ðare€minimal€at€best.€€òòBatson€v.€Batsonóó,€769€S.W.2d€at€859.€€Ð ô4 ÐÌà  àThese€parties€were€married€only€five€years.€€Given€the€relatively€short€duration€of€theirÐ Ì  Ðmarriage,€our€primary€goal€would€normally€be€to€place€the€parties€in€approximately€the€same€positionÐ ¸ø Ðthey€were€in€before€the€marriage.€€However,€attempting€to€return€the€parties€to€the€pre„marriageÐ ¤ä Ðstatus€quo€may€not€be€equitable€in€this€case€in€light€of€Ms.€Jarvisððs€declining€health€and€theÐ Ð Ðdistinctive€evidence€of€her€financial€need.Ð |¼ ÐÌà  àMs.€Jarvisððs€marriage€to€Mr.€Jarvis€did€not€adversely€affect€her€financial€condition.€€SheÐ T ” Ðbrought€no€significant€assets€to€the€marriage,€and€she€made€only€modest€financial€contributions€toÐ @!€  Ðthe€marriage€because€her€illness€prevented€her€from€working.€€Her€marriage€to€Mr.€Jarvis€broughtÐ ,"l! Ðher€financial€security€she€would€never€have€been€able€to€obtain€on€her€own.€€However,€returning€Ms.Ð #X" ÐJarvis€to€her€pre„marriage€circumstances€without€more€would€essentially€leave€her€destitute€becauseÐ $D # Ðher€only€source€of€income€consists€of€$660€per€month€in€Social€Security€benefits.€€Thus,€despite€theÐ ð$0!$ Ðrelatively€short€duration€of€the€marriage,€we€have€concluded€that€giving€Ms.€Jarvis€credit€for€her€non„Ð Ü%"% Ðmonetary€contributions€to€the€marriage€is€appropriate€under€the€facts€of€this€case.Ð È&#& ÐÌà  à€The€trial€court€found€that€Mr.€Jarvisððs€401(k)€plan€increased€by€$22,011€during€the€marriageÐ  (à$( Ðand€awarded€Ms.€Jarvis€$13,000€of€this€increase.€€Mr.€Jarvis€argues€that€Ms.€Jarvis€is€not€entitled€toÐ Œ)Ì%) Ðany€portion€of€the€appreciation€in€the€value€of€his€retirement€during€the€marriage€because€theÐ x*¸&* Ðretirement€fund€is€not€marital€property€and€because€Ms.€Jarvis€did€not€contribute€to€its€increase€inÐ d+¤'+ Ðvalue.€€Pension€rights€accrued€during€a€marriage€will€be€classified€as€marital€property€even€thoughÐ P,(, Ðthe€non„employee€spouse€did€not€make€direct€contributions€to€the€increase€in€the€pensionððs€value.€Ð <-|)- ÐOnly€pension€rights€accruing€during€the€marriage€will€be€considered€marital€property.€€Tenn.€CodeÐ À ÐAnn.€ðð€36„4„121(b)(1)(A)„(B);€òòKendrick€v.€Kendrickóó,€902€S.W.2d€918,€926€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1994);€òòÐ ¬ì ÐBatson€v.€Batsonóó,€769€S.W.2d€at€857.€€Accordingly,€the€trial€court€correctly€determined€that€theÐ ˜Ø Ð$22,011€increase€in€Mr.€Jarvisððs€401(k)€plan€during€the€partiesðð€marriage€is€marital€property.€€Ð „Ä ÐÌà  àWhen€retirement€benefits€become€part€of€the€marital€estate,€they€are€subject€to€the€sameÐ \œ Ðconsiderations€as€other€property€during€the€equitable€division.€€The€division€need€not€beÐ H ˆ Ðmathematically€equal,€but€must€reflect€essential€fairness€in€light€of€the€facts.€òòCohen€v.€Cohenóó,€937Ð 4 t ÐS.W.2d€823,€832€(Tenn.€1996);€òòKendrick€v.€Kendrickóó,€902€S.W.2d€at€929.€€We€agree€with€the€trialÐ  ` Ðcourtððs€conclusion€that€the€amount€of€increase€in€Mr.€Jarvisððs€401(k)€plan€was€at€least€in€partÐ  L  Ðattributable€to€Ms.€Jarvisððs€contributions€to€the€household.€€Under€these€circumstances,€we€concludeÐ ø 8  Ðthat€the€$13,000€portion€of€Mr.€Jarvisððs€retirement€plan€awarded€to€Ms.€Jarvis€by€the€trial€court€wasÐ ä $  Ða€fair€distribution.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àWe€turn€next€to€the€distribution€of€the€equity€in€the€Murfreesboro€house.€€The€trial€courtÐ ¨è  Ðvalued€the€house€at€$160,000€and€determined€that€there€was€$48,000€in€equity€in€the€home.€€The€trialÐ ”Ô  Ðcourt€awarded€Ms.€Jarvis€$12,000€as€her€share€in€the€equity€of€this€marital€asset.€€We€find€no€basisÐ €À Ðto€second„guess€this€decision.€€Even€though€Mr.€Jarvis€provided€the€funds€to€build€the€house,€the€trialÐ l¬ Ðcourt€concluded€that€the€house€was€marital€property€because€(1)€the€parties€held€the€property€asÐ X˜ Ðtenants€by€the€entirety,€(2)€Ms.€Jarvis€played€an€active€role€in€the€construction€of€the€house,€and€(3)Ð D„ ÐMs.€Jarvis€performed€housekeeping€and€undertook€other€maintenance€activities€regarding€the€house.€Ð 0p ÐThese€activities€provide€a€sufficient€basis€for€awarding€Ms.€Jarvis€twenty„five€percent€of€the€equityÐ \ Ðin€the€Murfreesboro€house.Ð H ÐÌà  àAs€a€result€of€the€trial€courtððs€division€of€the€martial€property,€Ms.€Jarvis€receivedÐ à  Ðapproximately€thirty„six€percent€of€the€value€of€these€disputed€marital€assets.€€In€light€of€the€durationÐ Ì  Ðof€the€marriage,€the€manner€in€which€the€trial€court€classified€and€divided€the€other€assets,€theÐ ¸ø Ðsignificant€amount€of€separate€property€awarded€to€Mr.€Jarvis,€and€the€other€factors€in€Tenn.€CodeÐ ¤ä ÐAnn.€ðð€36„4„121(c),€we€have€determined€that€the€trial€court€properly€classified€the€disputed€propertyÐ Ð Ðand€that€the€trial€courtððs€division€of€the€disputed€assets€was€equitable€in€light€of€the€facts€of€this€case.€Ð |¼ ÐAccordingly,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€decision€to€award€Ms.€Jarvis€$13,000€for€her€share€inÐ h¨ Ðincrease€in€the€value€of€Mr.€Jarvisððs€401(k)€plan€during€the€marriage€and€$12,000€for€her€share€inÐ T ” Ðthe€equity€in€the€Murfreesboro€house.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð @!€  ÐÌà@^^(ìàò òIII.ó óˆÐ #X" Ðà@ˆˆìàòòò òThe€Spousal€Support€Awardó óó󀀈Ð $D # ÐÌà  àAs€a€final€matter,€Mr.€Jarvis€asserts€that€it€is€inequitable€in€light€of€the€shortness€of€theÐ à% "% Ðmarriage€to€require€him€to€pay€open„ended,€long€term€spousal€support€and€to€require€him€to€pay€Ms.Ð Ì& #& ÐJarvisððs€health€insurance€premiums€for€thirty„six€months.€€We€have€determined€that€some€spousalÐ ¸'ø#' Ðsupport€is€warranted€in€this€case€in€light€of€the€duration€of€the€marriage,€the€clear€disparity€in€theÐ ¤(ä$( Ðpartiesðð€earning€capacity,€Mr.€Jarvisððs€knowledge€of€Ms.€Jarvisððs€medical€condition€when€he€marriedÐ )Ð%) Ðher,€and€Mr.€Jarvisððs€conduct€during€the€marriage.€€Thus,€we€have€determined€that€the€trial€courtÐ |*¼&* Ðcorrectly€ordered€Mr.€Jarvis€to€maintain€Ms.€Jarvisððs€health€insurance€for€three€years€following€theÐ À Ðdivorce.€€We€have€also€determined€that€the€trial€court€properly€determined€that€Mr.€Jarvis€should€payÐ ¬ì Ð$500€per€month€in€spousal€support.€€However,€rather€than€leaving€the€term€of€this€support€open„Ð ˜Ø Ðended,€we€have€determined€that€Mr.€Jarvis€should€be€required€to€pay€this€support€for€five€yearsÐ „Ä Ðfollowing€the€entry€of€the€divorce€decree.€Ð p° ÐÌà  àThere€are€no€hard€and€fast€rules€for€spousal€support€decisions.€€òòCrain€v.€Crainóó,€925€S.W.2dÐ H ˆ Ð232,€233€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1996);€òòStone€v.€Stoneóó,€56€Tenn.€App.€607,€615„16,€409€S.W.2d€388,€392„93Ð 4 t Ð(1966).€€Trial€courts€have€broad€discretion€to€determine€whether€spousal€support€is€needed€and,€ifÐ  ` Ðso,€its€nature,€amount,€and€duration.€€òòGarfinkel€v.€Garfinkelóó,€945€S.W.2d€744,€748€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.Ð  L  Ð1996).€Appellate€courts€are€generally€disinclined€to€second„guess€a€trial€courtððs€spousal€supportÐ ø 8  Ðdecision€unless€it€is€not€supported€by€the€evidence€or€is€contrary€to€the€public€policies€reflected€inÐ ä $  Ðthe€applicable€statutes.€€òòBrown€v.€Brownóó,€913€S.W.2d€at€169;€òòIngram€v.€Ingramóó,€721€S.W.2d€262,Ð Ð  Ð264€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1986).Ð ¼ü  ÐÌà  àSpousal€support€decisions€hinge€on€the€unique€facts€of€the€case€and€require€a€carefulÐ ”Ô  Ðbalancing€of€the€factors€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„5„101(d)(1).€€€òòHawkins€v.€Hawkinsóó,€883€S.W.2dÐ €À Ð622,€625€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1994);€òòLoyd€v.€Loydóó,€860€S.W.2d€409,€412€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1993).€€InÐ l¬ Ðvirtually€every€case,€the€two€most€important€factors€are€the€demonstrated€need€of€the€disadvantagedÐ X˜ Ðspouse€and€the€obligor€spouseððs€ability€to€pay.€€òòVarley€v.€Varleyóó,€934€S.W.2d€659,€668€(Tenn.€Ct.Ð D„ ÐApp.€1996);€òòCrain€v.€Crainóó,€925€S.W.2d€at€234.€€Even€though€fault€is€a€relevant€consideration€whenÐ 0p Ðsetting€spousal€support,€òòóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„5„101(d)(1)(K),€spousal€support€decisions€are€notÐ \ Ðintended€to€be€punitive.€€òòDuncan€v.€Duncanóó,€686€S.W.2d€568,€571€(Tenn.€1984);€òòMcClung€v.Ð H ÐMcClungóó,€29€Tenn.€App.€580,€584,€198€S.W.2d€820,€822€(1946).€€The€statutory€preference€forÐ ô4 Ðrehabilitative€support€does€not€entirely€displace€other€forms€of€spousal€support€when€the€factsÐ à  Ðwarrant€long€term€or€more€open„ended€support.€€òòAaron€v.€Aaronóó,€909€S.W.2d€408,€410€(Tenn.€1995);Ð Ì  ÐòòIsbell€v.€Isbellóó,€816€S.W.2d€735,€739€(Tenn.€1991).€€Ð ¸ø ÐÌà  àWe€recognize€that€in€the€case€of€marriages€of€short€duration,€the€justification€for€spousalÐ Ð Ðsupport€is€diminished€when€the€spouse€seeking€support€has€contributed€little,€directly€or€indirectly,Ð |¼ Ðto€the€marriage.€€òòSee€Crain€v.€Crainóó,€925€S.W.2d€at€234;òò€Flanagan€v.€Flanaganóó,€656€S.W.2d€1,€3„4Ð h¨ Ð(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1983).€€However,€we€have€also€recognized€that€a€spouseððs€medical€condition€mayÐ T ” Ðprovide€a€basis€for€awarding€spousal€support.€€òòSee€generallyóó€òòCranford€v.€Cranfordóó,€772€S.W.2d€48,Ð @!€  Ð52€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1989)€(awarding€one€spouse€support€based€on€her€medical€needs€and€the€otherÐ ,"l! Ðspouseððs€ability€to€pay).€€€Ð #X" ÐÌà  àMs.€Jarvisððs€medical€condition€leaves€her€economically€disadvantaged€compared€to€Mr.Ð ð$0!$ ÐJarvis.€€While€Mr.€Jarvisððs€annual€income€from€all€sources€is€approximately€$63,250,€Ms.€JarvisððsÐ Ü%"% Ðannual€Social€Security€payments€amount€to€approximately€$7,920.€€Ms.€Jarvis€is€unemployable€andÐ È&#& Ðowns€no€other€type€of€income„producing€property€or€pension€plans.€€In€addition,€she€is€faced€withÐ ´'ô#' Ðmounting€medical€bills€as€her€illness€progresses.€€During€the€marriage,€Ms.€Jarvis€used€part€of€herÐ  (à$( Ðmeager€income€for€the€partiesðð€groceries€and€to€defray€the€cost€of€her€medications€that€were€notÐ Œ)Ì%) Ðcovered€by€insurance.€€In€light€of€these€monetary€contributions€and€her€efforts€to€provide€non„Ð x*¸&* Ðmonetary€contributions€to€the€marriage,€we€concur€with€the€trial€courtððs€decision€that€Mr.€JarvisÐ d+¤'+ Ðshould€pay€Ms.€Jarvis€$500€per€month€in€spousal€support.€€However,€because€of€the€shortness€of€theÐ P,(, Ðmarriage€and€the€fact€that€Ms.€Jarvis€is€suffering€from€an€illness€that€existed€prior€to€the€marriage,Ð <-|)- Ðwe€have€determined€that€this€support€obligation€should€be€for€a€term€similar€to€the€length€of€theÐ À Ðmarriage€itself.€€Accordingly,€we€have€determined€that€Mr.€Jarvisððs€obligation€to€pay€$500€inÐ ¬ì Ðmonthly€spousal€support€should€exist€for€five€years€from€the€date€of€the€entry€of€the€divorce€decree.Ð ˜Ø ÐÌà  àMs.€Jarvis€has€extensive€medical€problems€and€is€essentially€uninsurable€at€this€time.€Ð p° ÐHowever,€Mr.€Jarvis€may€maintain€Ms.€Jarvisððs€coverage€under€his€employer„provided€group€healthÐ \œ Ðinsurance€plan€for€thirty„six€months€following€the€divorce.€€The€cost€of€health€care€is€a€properÐ H ˆ Ðexpense€item€to€consider€when€awarding€alimony.€òòStorey€v.€Storeyóó,€835€S.W.2d€593,€597€(Tenn.€Ct.Ð 4 t ÐApp.€1992);€Janet€L.€Richards,€òòRichards€on€Family€Lawóó€ðð12„5(a)€(1997€&€Supp.€2000).Ð  ` ÐAccordingly,€we€affirm€the€portions€of€the€order€directing€Mr.€Jarvis€to€maintain€COBRA€healthÐ  L  Ðinsurance€coverage€for€Ms.€Jarvis€by€paying€the€$180€monthly€premium€for€thirty„six€months,€andÐ ø 8  Ðto€pay€Ms.€Jarvis€or€her€health€care€providers€an€additional€$3,000€for€medical€expenses€incurredÐ ä $  Ðprior€to€the€divorce.€€Mr.€Jarvis€shall€be€entitled€to€a€credit€against€his€$500€monthly€spousal€supportÐ Ð  Ðobligation€for€the€payment€of€each€$180€monthly€premium€made€to€maintain€Ms.€Jarvisððs€healthÐ ¼ü  Ðinsurance.€€Ð ¨è  ÐÌà@dd)ìàò òIV.ó óˆÐ €À ÐÌà  àWe€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€decision€to€grant€Ms.€Jarvis€a€divorce€on€the€ground€ofÐ X˜ Ðinappropriate€marital€conduct€and€the€manner€in€which€the€trial€court€classified€and€divided€theÐ D„ Ðpartiesðð€marital€estate.€€We€also€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€decision€to€require€Mr.€Jarvis€to€maintain€Ms.Ð 0p ÐJarvisððs€health€insurance€and€to€pay€the€premiums€for€this€insurance€for€three€years.€€We€modify€theÐ \ Ðtrial€courtððs€spousal€support€award€to€limit€its€duration€to€five€years€from€the€entry€of€the€finalÐ H Ðdivorce€decree.€€We€tax€the€costs€to€Thomas€Holland€Jarvis€and€his€surety€for€which€execution,€ifÐ ô4 Ðnecessary,€may€issue.Ð à  ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð Ð Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGE