ÿWPC\ – —¹ ¼ïUÂzpMÕèÔM á«ö³$N÷rííNèÓZ6;á®pÔ±Õ¯qs1õJ]³~øÉ{_žŽr¤¡¤Ý>£“[›2Äá fÌ1¢Úc•Àðóuw´ê,ÿÊ5³O–Ü[ÿèâQÉTá4ÏôëR rw´Öç‹Õ-òɳÝ襈|‘¹hø5d-tÏ2CùcÛ)Ê(ÕØ¹  N0À<±+„°ÖY%-.¶òÕ{×Ã9T˜$ïý$IËFaÊd6¯$.æéÌÿôGûÓK˜÷t;3ó_J€õ—€x…%A5­½+l~kùÇY3aV2ë•‹ïÇÀê…j,ôÈ[™Ìb¿A+^¬2“×íçôé)ô—NÐüVãa‚ñ”$½ÿ[ÝQç¥gU%„k„¼ð Frúº•U0»ó(™„9Z1ܱ›¸v޲LÑÕzBçÿðVؘ£ËïfñÆÞ¤»õF8ÀcIfð©¯ö"ŸœmºÍ: Úcªú­Þ¦Ã(-!Ìb©s7eÉégU.¼+až(îÊ¢1ÏT„´A˜B eÀ}”»°ªBÀDÈfðµUΟ–ù§aô†[hDÜ-ò’ë•´²B`“êT1d­*# LUNW %¥ 0(«w@Ó4'6 0l> 0Dª î AQùJR W U:Z Z „”   B.ÆK 0D 0DU 0D™™ D/ÝÝ B  D3)˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ IUJ K L M N£OPQÓ€[Ö…#%3|x[((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Ý ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThis€marriage€was€the€second€for€both€parties.€€Husbandððs€first€divorce€was€final€inÐ ° ÐMarch€1988€and€Wifeððs€divorce€from€her€first€husband€was€final€in€August€1988.€!"#$&Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ þÝ ƒ þÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThis€amount€includes€household€furnishings€which€were€valued€according€to€WifeððsÐ ° ÐExhibit€6€in€the€trial.€€The€trial€court€placed€no€value€on€these€particular€items. ûÝ ƒ"¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€XUXXXÔÔ€ˆ XXUÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XUXˆ ÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€30,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó ó ùÝ ƒ þÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThis€figure€includes€the€gross€amount€of€proceeds€from€the€sale€of€Johnson€Machine€andÐ ° ÐTool€and€does€not€take€into€consideration€the€tax€consequences€of€the€sale.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular zÝ ƒ þÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝOf€this€figure,€$200,000€represented€the€fair€market€value€of€the€marital€residence€asÐ ° Ðfound€by€the€trial€court.€€The€court€reduced€this€figure€by€$106,000,€representing€the€separateÏfunds€utilized€by€Husband€in€its€purchase,€to€arrive€at€a€net€of€$94,000€which€represented€maritalÏproperty. úÝ ƒ þÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€record€reflects€that€the€court€believed€this€necessary€in€order€to€extend€the€award€ifÐ ° Ðshe€had€not€received€ð ðher€cashðð€in€the€division€of€marital€assets. Ý ƒ þÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝTwo€of€Wifeððs€classes€are€video€courses€taken€at€home€and€the€other€two,€which€requireÐ ° Ðher€actual€attendance€in€class,€comprise€approximately€five€hours€of€her€time€per€week. dƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd 'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝñQññHñ›ñHññQñÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓ'°,X°À”X°œX'Óò òñ[ññQñßr€ )<,(j 8` `€€@Eȱ` 8ttxP°ð  rßñQññ[ññ[ññ[ññQñ›ñQñà@O O ìàIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEE,€ˆÌà@úú$ìàAT€NASHVILLEó óˆÐ œì ÐÌà@. . ìà_______________________________________________________ˆÌñ[ññ[ñÌà À à)Ìò òAMY€L.€JOHNSONó ó,à À à)à  àSumner€County€Chancery€CourtÐ 8 ˆ Ðà À à)à  àNo.€95D„40Ð ( x Ѐ€€€€Plaintiff/Appellee.à À à)Ð  d Ðñ[ññ[ñà À à)ÌVS.à À à)à  àC.A.€No.€01A01„9708„CH„00410Ð ì <  Ðà À à)Ìò òñ[ñœßt€ )>.*jxmýå` `€€@E5©` 8ttxPmáð È tß›ñ[ñHAROLD€G.€JOHNSONó ó,à À à)Ð Ä  Ðà À à)Ì€€€€€Defendant/Appellant.à À à)Ð  ð  Ðà À à)Ì______________________________________________________________________________ÌÌFrom€the€Chancery€Court€of€Sumner€County€at€Gallatin.Ìò òHonorable€Tom€E.€Gray,€Chancellor€ó óÐ <Œ ÐÌÌÌò òCurtis€M.€Lincolnó ó,€Hendersonville,€TennesseeÐ ì< ÐAttorney€for€Defendant/Appellant.ÌÌÌò òRobert€G.€Ingrumó ó,€PHILLIPS€&€INGRUM,€Gallatin,€TennesseeÐ  ð ÐAttorney€for€Plaintiff/Appellee.ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:ÌÌò òAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDó óÐ $h" ÐÌÌà À àò òFARMER,€J.ó óÐ Ü&,"% ÐÌò òCRAWFORD,€P.J.,€W.S.ó ó:€(Concurs)Ð ´($' Ðò òLILLARD,€J.ó ó:€œ(Concurs)ñIñÐ ¤)ô$( ÐñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÌñIññIñÐ ,;|6; ÐñIñ›ñIñœñIññIñ‡ñIññKññJñÓ3°,X°` À”X°,X°À”X3ÓñJññKññLññKñÓ6°,X°` ¸ À”X°,X°À”X6ÓñKññLññMññLñÓ6°,X°` ‚XÀ”X°,X°À”X6ÓñLññMññMñÓ0°,X°` ˜X°,X°À”X0ÓñMññNñÓ  ÓñNññOñÓÓœñOññPñà ` àThis€is€a€divorce€case.€€Harold€G.€Johnson€(Husband)€and€Amy€L.€Johnson€(Wife)Ïwere€married€on€October€22,€1988€when€he€was€47€and€she€was€20€years€old.׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€During€the€marriage,Ð ˆØ Ðthe€parties€adopted€a€son,€Justin,€born€January€11,€1991.€€In€April€1997,€the€trial€court€entered€a€finalÏdecree€declaring€the€parties€divorced€pursuant€to€T.C.A.€ðð€36„4„129.€€Husband€has€appealed€fromÏthe€final€decree,€challenging€the€correctness€of€the€trial€courtððs€decisions€regarding€child€custody,Ïalimony€and€classification€and€division€of€the€marital€estate.€€For€the€reasons€hereinafter€expressed,Ïwe€affirm.ÌÌà ` àThe€record€reflects€that€this€marriage€of€approximately€nine€years€was€ratherÏtumultuous€€from€the€outset€with€the€parties€separating€at€least€twice,€one€time€for€almost€a€year,Ïbefore€finally€separating€in€January€1995.€€Wife€admitted€to€two€extra„marital€affairs€during€theÏmarriage.€€Wife€has€a€G.E.D.€degree€and€is€a€licensed€cosmetologist.€€She€currently€works€on€a€part„¼time€basis€(two€days€per€week,€earning€$150)€and€also€attends€college€part„time€taking€certainÏprerequisite€courses€so€that€she€can€be€accepted€into€a€two€year€nursing€program.€€In€July€1989,€WifeÏwas€diagnosed€with€ovarian€cancer€for€which€she€underwent€surgery€and€chemotherapy.€€She€isÏcurrently€in€remission.€€Wife€has€also€been€diagnosed€with€ð ðnonspecific€autoimmune€condition,ððÏdescribed€by€her€treating€physician,€Dr.€Walker,€as€ð ðone€of€the€chronic€fatigue€type€syndromes.ðð€ÏHusband€is€self„employed€and€during€the€marriage€operated€Johnson€Machine€and€Tool,€until€its€saleÏin€1993.€€A€new€business,€Pilot€Machine,€was€begun€in€1994.ÌÌà ` àThe€parties€took€custody€of€Justin€shortly€after€his€birth,€but€finalization€of€theÏadoption€was€delayed€until€1993€due€to€their€marital€difficulties.€€The€parties€were€required€toÏundergo€counseling€after€their€separation€in€December€1991€and€an€order€of€reconciliation€wasÏentered€in€December€1992.€€It€is€not€disputed€that€Wife€has€been€the€primary€caretaker€of€the€child.€ÏÌà ` àThe€marital€residence€was€purchased€on€October€6,€1988€for€$156,500.€€Husband€usedÏ$106,000€of€his€separate€funds€as€a€down€payment€and€the€parties€obtained€a€loan€for€the€remainingÏamount.€€The€deed€was€recorded€November€7,€1988€in€Husbandððs€name€only.€€Other€realty€purchasedÏduring€the€marriage€includes€approximately€7.73€acres€located€adjacent€to€the€marital€residence,€aÐ P8 38 Ðcondominium,€and€an€additional€63€acres.€€Only€the€latter€was€titled€in€both€partiesðð€names.ÌÌà ` àThe€trial€court€entered€a€final€decree€of€divorce€awarding€sole€custody€of€Justin€toÏWife€with€specified€visitation€to€Husband.€€Husband€was€ordered€to€pay€$842.10€per€month€as€childÏsupport,€to€maintain€health€insurance€on€the€child€and€pay€one„half€of€his€health€expenses€notÏcovered€by€insurance.€€The€court€determined€the€separate€property€of€both€parties€with€HusbandÏreceiving€a€retirement€account€in€the€amount€of€approximately€$17,000,€all€monies€realized€from€theÏsale€of€Johnson€Machine€and€Tool,€approximately€$99,000€in€a€pre„marital€bank€account,€$9,800€inÏautomobiles,€certain€royalties€from€Husbandððs€business€and€various€other€items€of€personalty.€€WifeÏreceived€her€separate€property€consisting€of€personal€clothing,€items€of€jewelry€and€ð ðpersonalÏmemorabilia.ðð€€The€court€awarded€marital€property€to€Husband€consisting€of€a€1993€pick„up€truckÏvalued€at€$22,000,€an€Oldsmobile€valued€at€$2,000,€a€Ford€tractor€valued€at€$2,200,€an€IRA€in€theÏoriginal€amount€of€$2,000€invested€by€Husband€in€1994€plus€interest€to€date,€horses€and€tack€valuedÏat€approximately€$13,000€and€all€realty€of€the€parties,€valued€by€the€trial€court€at€$405,000.׃×Ý ƒ %ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Рð@ ÐHusband€was€also€awarded€household€furnishings€totaling€approximately€$16,000.€€Wife€receivedÏhousehold€furnishings€totaling€approximately€$11,000,€a€Blazer€valued€at€$9,500,€$3,000€from€theÏsale€of€tack€and€$19,000€representing€funds€that€she€previously€removed€from€the€partiesðð€joint€bankÏaccount€after€the€separation.€€Wifeððs€division€of€assets€also€included€a€cash€award€of€$172,000,Ïsecured€by€liens€placed€on€all€the€real€property.€€Wife€was€awarded€rehabilitative€alimony€in€theÏamount€of€$698€per€month€for€a€six€month€period€or€until€her€remarriage,€with€the€court€expresslyÏreserving€the€right€to€review€the€matter€at€the€end€of€the€period.׃P×Ý ƒ %ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Wife€was€also€awarded€$16,830Ð ,`'* Ðin€attorneyððs€fees.ÌÌà ` àHusband€presents€the€following€issues€on€appeal:ÌÐ 3à.2 ÐÓÓà8 ` àà ¸ àI.€€The€trial€court€erred€in€granting€custody€of€the€minor€childÏto€the€wife.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àII.€€The€trial€court€erred€in€dividing€the€marital€assets;€erred€inÏfailing€to€determine€that€Wife€had€seriously€depleted€the€maritalÏestate€while€Husband€had€increased€it€and€erred€in€failing€toÏdetermine€that€much€of€what€the€court€found€to€be€marital€assets,€wasÏactually€purchased€by€Husbandððs€separate€property,€therefore,€makingÏit€separate€property.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àIII.€€The€trial€court€erred€in€awarding€Wife€her€attorney€fees.Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8 ` àà ¸ àIV.€€The€trial€court€erred€in€granting€rehabilitative€alimony€toÏthe€wife.Ð ` x` x ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àOur€standard€of€review€in€this€matter€is€pursuant€to€Rule€13(d)€T.R.A.P.€whichÏprovides€for€a€òòò òde€novoóóó ó€review€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctness€of€the€trial€courtððsÐ €Ð Ðfindings€of€fact,€unless€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€is€otherwise.€€òòò òE.g.,€Whitaker€v.€Whitakeróóó ó,Ð `° Ð957€S.W.2d€834,€838€(Tenn.€App.€1997).€€The€first€issue€we€address€is€that€of€child€custody.€€TheÏcourt€in€òòò òWhitakeróóó ó€addressed€the€various€factors€established€by€both€case€law€and€statute€which€assistÐ  p Ðthe€courts€in€making€decisions€of€child€custody:€€ÌÌÓÓà8 ` àIn€child€custody€and€visitation€cases,€the€welfare€and€best€interests€ofÏa€child€are€the€paramount€considerations€and€the€rights,€desires,€andÏinterests€of€the€parents€become€secondary.€€òòò òNeely€v.€Neelyóóó ó,ò ò€ó ó737Ð  #ð! ÐS.W.2d€539,€542€(Tenn.App.1987).€€In€òòò òBah€v.€Bahóóó ó,€668€S.W.2d€663Ð $à" Ð(Tenn.App.1983),€the€Court€established€some€guidelines€for€makingÏthe€determination€of€best€interest:Ð ` x` x ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` x` xàà  àWe€adopt€what€we€believe€is€a€common€senseÏapproach€to€custody,€one€which€we€will€call€theÏdoctrine€of€ð ðcomparative€fitness.ðð€€The€paramountÏconcern€in€child€custody€cases€is€the€welfare€and€bestÏinterest€of€the€child.€€òòò òMollish€v.€Mollishóóó ó,€494€S.W.2dÐ ,`'* Ð145,€151€(Tenn.App.1972).€€There€are€literallyÏthousands€of€things€that€must€be€taken€intoÏconsideration€in€the€lives€of€young€children,€€òòò òSmith€v.Ð à.0*- ÐSmithóóó ó,€188€Tenn.€430,€437,€220€S.W.2d€627,€630Ð Ð/ +. Ð(1949),€and€these€factors€must€be€reviewed€on€aÏcomparative€approach:Ð ¸ ¸  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` x` xàà8¸ ¸ àà h àFitness€for€custodialÏresponsibilities€is€largely€aÏcomparative€matter.€€No€human€beingÏis€deemed€perfect,€hence€no€humanÏcan€be€deemed€a€perfectly€fitÏcustodian.€€Necessarily,€therefore,€theÏcourts€must€determine€which€of€two€orÏmore€available€custodians€is€more€orÏless€fit€than€others.Ð ÈÈ ÐÐ