ÿWPCz# 2# ÌUN× %% 0 (+w@S4“§ 0 l¶ 0D" 0Jf 0T° 0^ 0hb 0rÊ 0|< 0†¸ 0> 1uÎ 0dC § B¯ U >Ì Ú öä ÕÚ  ¯ß¸—Ü­¢‰þ+v~)vÓ§˜HP LaserJet 4 Plus/4M PlusHPPCL5MS,ð,,,,,ð0nLHÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ DD E!"D#$*׆è"3|x*((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman ÐÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€statute€provides,€in€pertinent€part:ÌÌà8 àà àThe€following€actions€shall€be€commenced€within€three€(3)€years€from€theÏaccruing€of€the€cause€of€action:ÌÌà8 àà à(1)€€Actions€for€injuries€to€personal€or€real€property;€.€.€.€.ÌÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€28„3„105(1)€(1980€&€Supp.€1996).Ì ìÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€statute€provides,€in€pertinent€part:ÌÌà8 àà à(a)€€The€following€actions€shall€be€commenced€within€six€(6)€years€after€theÏcause€of€action€accrued:ÌÓ  Ó*€*€*ÌÓ  Óà8 àà à(3)€€Actions€on€contracts€not€otherwise€expressly€provided€for.ÌÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€28„3„109(a)(3)€(1980€and€Supp.€1996).Ì ËÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€statute€provides,€in€pertinent€part:ÌÌà8 àà àThe€following€actions€shall€be€commenced€within€ten€(10)€years€after€theÏcause€of€action€accrued:ÌÓ  Ó*€*€*ÌÓ  Óà8 àà à(3)€€All€other€cases€not€expressly€provided€for.ÌÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€28„3„110(3)€(1980€and€Supp.€1996).Ì ÿÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€statute€provides,€in€pertinent€part:ÌÌà8 àà à(a)€€The€following€actions€shall€be€commenced€within€one€(1)€year€after€theÏcause€of€action€accrued:ÌÌà8 àà à(1)€€Actions€for€libel,€for€injuries€to€the€person,€false€imprisonment,Ïmalicious€prosecution,€breach€of€marriage€promise;€.€.€.€.ÌÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€28„3„104(a)(1)€(Supp.€1996).Ì ÕÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThis€appears€to€be€based€on€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€28„2„102€or€ðð€28„2„103.€€Section€102Ïprovides:ÌÌà8 àOn€the€other€hand,€any€person,€and€those€claiming€under€him€neglecting€for€the€saidÏterm€of€seven€(7)€years€to€avail€themselves€of€the€benefit€of€any€title,€legal€orÏequitable,€by€action€at€law€or€in€equity,€effectually€prosecuted€against€the€person€inÏpossession,€under€recorded€assurance€of€title,€as€in€ðð€28„2„101,€are€forever€barred.ÌÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€28„2„102€(1980€and€Supp.1996).€€Section€28„2„103(a)€provides:Ìà8 àÌà8 àNo€person€or€anyone€claiming€under€him€shall€have€any€action,€either€at€law€or€inÏequity,€for€the€recovery€of€any€lands,€tenements€or€hereditaments,€but€within€sevenÏ(7)€years€after€the€right€of€action€accrued.ÌÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€28„2„103(a)€(1980€and€Supp.1996).€€€ÌÌ€€€à8 àÌ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝOur€review€is,€of€course,€limited€to€the€evidence€provided€within€the€record.€The€recordÏdoes€not€include€any€pleadings€or€other€documents€regarding€Jordanððs€ð ðnext€friendðð€lawsuit€onÏMotherððs€behalf.€€Therefore,€it€does€not€contain€sufficient€information€to€determine€whether€theÏpresent€suit€is€an€extension€of€the€suit€filed€by€Jordan€as€next€friend€of€his€mother.Ì ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€record€shows€that€Jordan€is€a€devisee€of€Motherððs€estate.Ì ˜Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝIn€his€Brief,€Jordan€claims€the€warranty€deed€shows€Marchetti€was€to€pay€consideration€inÏthe€amount€of€ten€thousand€dollars,€but€the€deed€shows€only€a€consideration€of€ten€dollars.€€TheÏdeed€also€shows€the€estimated€value€of€the€land€to€be€ten€thousand€dollars.Ì ôÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝBecause€we€reverse€on€the€statute€of€limitations€issue,€it€is€not€necessary€to€discussÏwhether€Jordan€may€use€the€savings€statute€to€resurrect€the€case€that€he€filed€as€next€friend€to€hisÏmother.€€Nevertheless,€we€note€that€Jordan€describes€the€two€lawsuits€as€ð ðseparate€andÏindependent€actionsðð€in€his€Response€to€Marchettiððs€Motion€to€Dismiss.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€&ÔÝ  Ýò òÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÞ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEó óÌò òà@ àWESTERN€SECTION€AT€NASHVILLEÌà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌóóÌJACK€JORDAN,€€€€€€€€€€à àà àà à)à àÌó óà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óÌà àPlaintiff/€Appellant,ò òà àà àà à)à àó óWilliamson€Chancery€No.€23924Ìò òà àà àà àà àà àà à)ó óà àà àÌò òv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à à€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àó óAppeal€No.€01A01„9607„CH„00340ò òÌFRANCES€J.€MARCHETTI,€€€à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àó óDefendant/Appellee,ò òà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìòòó óÌò òóóÌÌÌà@ àó óAPPEAL€FROM€THE€CIRCUIT€COURT€OF€DAVIDSON€COUNTYÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLE,€TENNESSEEÌÌÌà@ àTHE€HONORABLE€CORNELIA€A.€CLARK,€CHANCELLORÌòòÌÌÌFor€the€Plaintiff/Appellant:à àà àà àFor€the€Defendant/Appellee:ÌóóÌEverett€H.€Falk€€€€€à àà àà àà àC.€D.€Berry€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌFranklin,€Tennessee€à àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Franklin,€TennesseeÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àEd€Silva€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àFranklin,€TennesseeÌÌÌò òÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAFFIRMED€ÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àó óHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€J.ÌÌÌÌCONCURS:ÌòòÌóóALAN€E.€HIGHERS,€J.ÌÌDAVID€R.€FARMER,€J.Ìò òÇØØÙ  ÙÓÓÑ7€¼‚XXdðdÈ7ÑÑ  Ñà@ àOPINIONó óÌÓ  Óà àThis€case€involves€an€action€for€rescission€of€a€deed€to€land€allegedly€procured€throughÏpromissory€fraud€and€duress.€€The€trial€court€dismissed€the€case€on€the€grounds€that€it€had€beenÏbrought€after€the€expiration€of€the€applicable€statute€of€limitations.€€We€reverse.Ìà àAppellant€Jack€Jordan€(ð ðJordanðð)€is€the€son€of€Willie€Nell€McArthur€Jordan€(ð ðMotherðð).€ÏAppellee€Frances€Marchetti€(ð ðMarchettiðð)€is€Jordanððs€sister.€€On€April€13,€1987,€Mother€signed€aÏwarranty€deed€conveying€certain€real€estate€to€Marchetti€for€consideration€of€ten€dollars.€€This€deedÏwas€recorded€on€April€14,€1987.€€On€July€20,€1993,€Jordan,€acting€as€next€friend€to€Mother,€filedÏa€suit€seeking,€among€other€things,€rescission€of€the€warranty€deed.›€€Although€the€record€in€thisÏcase€contains€none€of€the€pleadings€in€Jordanððs€previous€suit,€Jordan€apparently€allegedÏpromissory€fraud€and€duress,€the€same€allegations€raised€in€the€instant€suit.€€Mother€died€onÏSeptember€15,€1994,€while€the€action€was€pending.€€Consequently,€Jordanððs€ð ðnext€friendðð€lawsuitÏwas€dismissed€without€prejudice€on€March€29,€1995.€€On€March€29,€1996,€Jordan€instituted€theÏinstant€action€in€his€own€name€as€an€heir€to€the€estate,€alleging€that€Marchetti€procured€theÏconveyance€through€fraud,€and€seeking€rescission€of€the€warranty€deed.€€This€was€over€nine€yearsÏafter€the€allegedly€fraudulent€conveyance,€and€over€a€year€after€Motherððs€death.€€Ìà àMarchetti€filed€a€Motion€to€Dismiss,€asserting€the€suit€was€barred€by€the€three„year€statuteÏof€limitations€provided€for€œinTennessee›€Code€Annotated€œðð›€28„3„105œ× ƒ' ××  ×›€and€the€six„year€statute€ofÏlimitations€provided€for€œinTennessee›€Code€Annotated€œðð›€28„3„109.œ× ƒ( ××  ×›€€In€response,€Jordan€arguedÍthat€the€applicable€statute€of€limitations€was€ten€years,€as€set€forth€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ððÏ28„3„110.œ× ƒ) ××  ×›€€During€the€hearing,€the€court€allowed€Marchetti€to€amend€her€motion€to€dismiss€toÏinclude€the€one„year€statute€of€limitations€contained€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€œðð›€28„3„104.œ× ƒ* ××  ×›Ìà àAfter€the€hearing,€the€trial€court€issued€an€Order,€in€which€it€observed€that€the€suit€would€beÏbarred€under€each€of€the€three€statutes€cited€by€Marchetti,€but€timely€if€the€ten„year€statute€ofÏlimitations€applied.€€In€addition,€the€trial€court€raised€ò òòòsua€sponteó óóó€the€possible€applicability€of€aÏseven„year€statute€of€limitations.œ× ƒ+ ××  ×›€€The€trial€court€then€found:ÌÓÓà8 àà àAs€defendant€[Marchetti]€has€noted,€fraud€in€the€inducement€of€a€contract€isÏessentially€the€common„law€action€of€deceit,€and€the€applicable€statute€of€limitationsÏis€three€years€under€T.C.A.€ðð28„3„105.€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòVance€v.€Schulderóó,€547€S.W.2dÏœ927,€(Tenn.€1977);€òòPrescott€v.€Adamsóó,€627€S.W.2d€134,€137€(Tenn.›€App.€œ1982).›ÌÌà8 àà àPlaintiff€[Jordan]€has€cited€the€federal€district€court€opinion€in€òòHomeÏGuaranty€Insurance€Corporation€v.€Third€Financial€Services,€Inc.óó,€694€F.Supp.Ï438€(M.D.€Tennessee,€1988).€€Notwithstanding€the€outcome€of€that€case,€this€courtÏis€convinced€that€the€cause€of€action€in€the€instant€suit€is€covered€by€one€of€the€moreÏspecific€statutes€of€limitations€rather€than€by€T.C.A.€ðð28„3„110(3).ÌÌÓÓThe€trial€court€then€dismissed€Jordanððs€lawsuit€as€time„barred.Ìà àOn€appeal,€Jordan€asserts€that€the€applicable€statute€of€limitations€is€ten€years.€€Jordan€alsoÏclaims€that,€if€the€seven„year€statute€of€limitations€applies,€as€discussed€by€the€trial€court,€then€theÏone„year€savings€statute€at€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€œðð›€28„1„105€would€prevent€the€suit€fromÏbeing€œtime„barred,€since€the€instant€lawsuit€was€filed€a€year€after€the€dismissal€of€Jordanððs€previousÏlawsuit.›€€Marchetti€argues€that€Jordanððs€suit€was€filed€a€year€and€a€day€after€the€dismissal€of€theÏprevious€suit,€because€a€leap€year€was€involved.€€€Jordan€œresponds›€that€the€intervention€of€a€leapÏyear€does€not€mean€that€his€lawsuit€was€not€timely€filed.Ìà àThere€are€no€factual€disputes€on€appeal.€€The€determination€of€the€applicable€statute€of€is€aÏquestion€of€law.€€Therefore,€our€review€of€the€judgment€below€is€ò òòòde€novoó óóó€upon€the€recordÏwithout€a€presumption€of€correctness.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(d);€ò òòòsee€also€MarriottÏEmployeesðð€Fed.€Credit€Union€v.€Harrisóóó ó,€897€S.W.2d€723,€727€(Tenn.€App.€1994).Ìà àA€statute€of€limitations€commences€at€the€time€when€œthe›€plaintiff€has€a€cause€of€action.€Ïò òòòR.J.€Reynolds€Tobacco€Co.€v.€Carson,ó óóó€213€S.W.2d€45,€51,€187€Tenn.€œ157,›€(Tenn.Ï1948).€€A€cause€of€action€accrues€œwhen€the€plaintiff›€attains€a€right€to€sue.€€ò òòòArmistead€v.ÏClarksville„Montgomery€œCounty›€School€System,€ó óóó437€S.W.2d€527,€528„29,€222€Tenn.Í486,€œ(Tenn.›€1969).€€Ìà àJordan€has€filed€this€suit€in€his€individual€capacity.€€He€is€not€acting€as€executor€ofÏMotherððs€estate€or€in€any€other€capacity€on€behalf€of€his€mother.× ƒ, ××  ×€€Since€Jordanððs€personal€interestÏin€the€real€property€did€not€vest€until€the€death€of€Mother,× ƒ- ××  ×€€his€cause€of€action€accrued€at€the€timeÏof€Motherððs€death,€September€15,€1994.€€ò òòòSee€Templeton€v.€Twitty,ó óóó€14€S.W.€œ435,ò ò›€ó ó88€Tenn.Ïœ595›€(Tenn.€œ1890);›€ò òòòMaytin€v.€Vela,ó óóó€216€U.S.€œ598›€(1910).̜Ǜà àNext€we€must€determine€the€applicable€statute€of€limitations.€€To€œdo€so,›€it€is€necessary€toÏlook€at€the€gravamen€of€the€action,€rather€than€a€partyððs€designation€of€the€case€as€lying€in€tort€orÏcontract.€€ò òòòTaylor€v.€Trans€Aero€Corp.ó óóó,€924€S.W.2d€109,€113€(Tenn.€App.€1995).€€We€lookÏat€the€subject€matter€of€the€case,€not€the€remedial€procedure€used.€€ò òòòId.ó óóó,€citing€ò òòòWilliams€v.ÏThompsonó óóó,€223€Tenn.€170,€172,€443€S.W.2d€447,€449€(1969).€Ìà àIn€the€instant€case,€Jordan€filed€an€action€for€fraudulent€inducement€of€a€contract,€claimingÏthat€through€promissory€fraud€and€duress€Marchetti€induced€Mother€to€deed€her€the€land€inÏquestion€in€exchange€for€ten€dollars.× ƒ. ××  ×€€Recently,€the€Middle€Section€Court€of€Appeals€addressedÏthe€applicable€€statute€of€limitations€for€such€a€claim€in€ò òòòOrlando€Residence,€Ltd.€v.ÏNashville€Lodging€Co.,ó óóó€œNo.€01A„01„9606„CH„00256,€1996›€WL€724915€(Tenn.€œApp.€Dec.Ï18,›€1996),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,òò€concurring€in€result€onlyóó€(May€19,€1997).Ìà àœIn€ò òòòOrlandoó óóó,€the€Court€relied›€on€ò òòòAkers€v.€Gillentine,ó óóó€33€Tenn.€App.€212,€231€S.W.2dÏ372€(Tenn.€App.€1950),€ò òòòRamsey€v.€Quillen,ó óóó€73€Tenn.€184€(Tenn.€1880),€and€ò òòòBoro€v.ÏHidell,ó óóó€122€Tenn.€80,€120€S.W.€961€(Tenn.€1909),€œto›€œcreate›€a€distinction€between€an€action€toÏset€aside€a€fraudulent€conveyance€and€an€action€to€recover€damages€based€on€the€fraud.€€œò òòòOrlando,›Ïó óóó1996€WL€724915€at€*3.€€The€court€concluded€that€an€action€to€set€aside€a€fraudulent€conveyance€isÏgoverned€by€the€seven„year€statute€set€forth€œin€Tennessee›€Code€œAnnotated›€œðð›€28„2„103.€€ò òòòId.€ó óóóat€*4.Ìà àJordan€filed€this€suit€in€1996.€€His€cause€of€action€accrued€upon€Motherððs€death€onÏSeptember€15,€1994.€€Because€Jordanððs€cause€of€action€seeks€to€set€aside€an€allegedly€fraudulentÏœconveyance,€€and€does€not€seek€damages,›€it€is€governed€by€the€seven„year€statute€of€limitations€setÏforth€in€œTennessee›€Code€œAnnotated€ð𛀜28„2„103.€€Therefore,€it›€has€been€timely€filed.€ÏœConsequently,›€we€reverse€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€the€Jordanððs€action€is€barred€by€the€statute€ofÏlimitations.Ìà àNotwithstanding€this,€it€is€possible€for€Marchetti€to€establish€that€she€has€acquired€title€byÏvirtue€of€adverse€possession€arising€out€of€color€of€title,€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€œÌðð›€28„2„101.€€Under€this€framework,€the€statute€essentially€operates€as€a€statute€of€repose.€€ò òòòSeeÏSavely€v.€Bridges,€ó óóó418€S.W.2d€472,€478€(Tenn.€App.€1967);€ò òòòHarvey€v.€Pickel,ó óóó€1986€WLÏœ674›€(Tenn.€œApp.€Jan.€8,›€1986).€Under€these€circumstances,€the€period€of€time€would€run€from€theÏtime€of€the€conveyance,€nine€years€before€Jordan€filed€this€lawsuit.œ× ƒ/ ××  ×›€œ€€This€issue€may€beÏconsidered€by€the€trial€court€on€remand.€›Ìà àThe€decision€of€the€trial€court€is€reversed.€€This€case€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court€forÏfurther€proceedings.€€Costs€are€assessed€against€œAppellant,›€for€which€execution€may€issue€ifÏnecessary.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àò òóóHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€J.ÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌòòÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌóóALAN€E.€HIGHERS,€J.ÌÌÌòòÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌDAVID€R.€FARMER,€J.ó óÌ€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà àÌà àÌÌà à€Ìà à€€€€ÌÌà à€€€€€€Ìà à