ÿWPC#( @# UN› %é 0cïU<Rw@Ž4Îâ 0 §ñƘ 0J^ 0T¨ 0^ü 0hZ 0r 0|4 0†° 06 1uÆ 0d; 0@Ÿ Bß AQü 0DM 0D‘ 0DÕ D/ BH D3e U>˜ B)Ö DCÿ AMBU*T¹ #ò8*:KK\›§ BOUaǶU}v~Ò vÓP"˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX(;cW$¡¡Ò°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€XaBXXXÔ-šBu Z‹$Arrus BT Roman 01E23E45U6î7Ó€8Ó€Bê‚_#US ÔÔ 3|xB(W(3Ñœ$¤¤Ý ƒcW!ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€X¤5XXXÔÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 52 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò d "$&Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d,,,,7Border 1dd -Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial JÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ""ÝÝ  ÝÔ€/ÔÔ€/ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€/XÔÌÌJulyÏ17,Ï1998ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Another€sibling,€Henry€H.€Knight,€Sr.,€was€subsequently€added€as€aÏjoint€tenant€in€1979.Ì èÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€Lancaster€is€not€a€party€to€this€appeal.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Consequently,€Juanita€Knight€was€appointed€conservator€of€his€estate.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Each€of€the€Knight€siblings€received€this€sum€after€the€farm€was€sold.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€See€Account€No.€C„45764€in€the€Appendix€for€a€history€of€thisÏaccount.Ì AÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Brotherððs€brief€suggests€that€this€ruling€was€based€on€ð ðfairness€andÏequity€under€the€totality€of€[the]€circumstances.ððÌ ‘Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€In€his€brief,€Brother€argues€that€the€trial€courtððs€finding€with€regard€toÏthe€bank€account€can€be€justified€by€the€theory€of€constructive€trust.€€A€partyÏthat€neglects€to€raise€an€issue€before€the€trial€court€is€barred€from€raising€theÏissue€for€the€first€time€on€appeal.€€ò òòòSimpson€v.€Frontier€Community€CreditÏUnionó óóó,€810€S.W.2d€147,€153€(Tenn.€1991);€ò òòòStewart€Title€Guar.€Co.€v.€F.D.I.C.ó óóó,Ï936€S.W.2d€266,€270€(Tenn.€App.€1996).€€This€principle€applies€to€claims€ofÏconstructive€trusts.€€ò òòòHolt€v.€Lovelaceó óóó,€Jefferson€Chancery€No.€45,€1986€WLÏ7610,€at€*1€(Tenn.€App.€July€9,€1986).€€Since€€Brother€did€not€argue€this€issueÏbefore€the€trial€court,€he€may€not€raise€the€issue€on€appeal.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Family€members,€however,€testified€that€Brother€was€a€poor€driver.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Brother€was€capable€of€making€change€only€for€very€simpleÏtransactions.Ì KÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Sisterððs€also€stresses€that€Dr.€Sottongððs€opinion€was€based€on€a€singleÏevaluation€of€Brother€that€lasted€for€only€15€to€20€minutes.Ì ½Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€There€is€no€dispute€that€Brother€did€not€have€capacity€to€consent€toÏthe€addition€of€Henry€H.€Knight,€Sr.ððs€name€on€the€signatory€card€in€1979€and,Ïthus,€we€calculate€his€pro€rata€interest€as€one„third€of€the€account€and€not€one„half€of€the€account.Ì KÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Brother€cites€no€authority€for€the€proposition€that€a€revocable€trustÏmay€not€be€revoked€in€the€event€that€a€beneficiary€is€incapacitated.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€+ÔÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€êXXdðdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÙ€ ÙßR€.0-A1-j|%Ú` à. `€€@ÿRßÞ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àWESTERN€SECTION€AT€NASHVILLEÌà àà à€€€€______________________________________________ÌÌò òNOBLE€NEAL€KNIGHT,€a€non€composÌmentis€next€friend€and€guardian,ÌFRED€KNIGHT,€ó óÌÌà àPlaintiff„Appellee,Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMarion€Chancery€No.€4712ÌVs.à àà àà àà àà àà àà àC.A.€No.€01A01„9711„CH„00643ÌÌò òJAMES€LANCASTER,€DefendantÌand€MADGE€BOGGILD,€ó óÌÌà àDefendant„Appellant.Ì____________________________________________________________________________ÌÌà@ àò òFROM€THE€MARION€COUNTY€CHANCERY€COURTÌà@ àTHE€HONORBLE€L.€F.€STEWARTó ó,€ò òCHANCELLORÌÌÌÌÌÌó óà@ àCharles€R.€Ables€of€South€PittsburgÌà@ àFor€Juanita€Knight,€Successor€to€Fred€KnightÌÌà@ àTimothy€R.€Simonds;€Ìà@ àMcKoon,€Billings€&€Gold,€P.C.€of€ChattanoogaÌà@ àFor€Appellant,€Madge€BoggildÌÌà@ àJerry€B.€Bible€of€JasperÌà@ àFor€Guardian€Ad€LitemÌÌÌÌÌà@ àò òòòREVERSED€IN€PART,€MODIFIED€IN€PART€AND€REMANDEDÌÌó óà@ àóóOpinion€filed:€ÌÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òW.€FRANK€CRAWFORD,Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€W.S.ÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌDAVID€R.€FARMER,€JUDGEÌÌHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€JUDGEó óÌÌÓÓ›à àThis€case€involves€a€family€dispute€over€the€ownership€of€several€bank€andÏtrust€accounts.€€Plaintiff/Appellee€Noble€Neal€Knight€(Brother)€andÏDefendant/Appellant€Madge€Boggild€(Sister)€are€the€brother€and€sister€of€BurmaÏLewis€(Decedent),€now€deceased.€€After€completing€the€third€grade€in€his€teens,ÏBrother€held€various€jobs€throughout€his€life;€most€notably€he€was€involved€in€aÏfarming€partnership€with€his€brother,€Sam€Knight.€€When€Sam€Knight€died€inÏ1972,€the€assets€of€the€farming€partnership€were€divided€equally€betweenÏBrother€and€Sam€Knightððs€estate.€€Following€Sam€Knightððs€death,€Brother,€whoÏwas€in€his€early€sixties,€decided€to€move€in€with€Decedent€at€her€residence€inÏMarion€County.€€When€the€Knight€family€farm€was€sold€the€following€year,€all€ofÍthe€Knight€siblings,€including€the€parties,€each€received€$10,335.56€as€theirÏshare€of€the€proceeds.Ìà àBrother€continued€to€live€with€Decedent€until€her€death€in€1981.€ÏApparently,€Brotherððs€only€sources€of€income€at€this€time€were€payments€fromÏSocial€Security€and€paychecks€from€occasional€jobs.€€At€the€time€of€her€death,ÏDecedent€retained€several€bank€and€trust€accounts€at€various€lendingÏinstitutions€in€Chattanooga.€€A€detailed€listing€of€the€status€of€these€accountsÏat€the€time€of€Decedentððs€death€is€attached€to€this€Opinion€as€an€Appendix.€ÏOne€of€these€bank€accounts€and€three€of€these€trust€accounts€are€at€issue€inÏthis€appeal.€Ìà àThe€three€trust€accounts€at€issue€were€originally€opened€in€1975€byÏDecedent€as€separate€joint€tenancy€accounts,€each€listing€Decedent€or€BrotherÏas€owners.€€Decedent€closed€these€account€in€1980€and€transferred€the€funds€toÏthree€new€corresponding€21„year€discretionary€revocable€trust€accounts,€eachÏlisting€Decedent€as€trustee€for€Brother€and/or€Sister.€€These€trust€accounts€wereÏworth€approximately€$7,900,€$6,600,€and€$18,000€at€the€time€of€DecedentððsÏdeath.Ìà àThe€bank€account€at€issue€was€originally€opened€in€1976€as€a€jointÍtenancy€account,€listing€Decedent€and€Brother€as€owners.× ƒ2 ××  ×€€In€1980€DecedentÏclosed€this€account€and€transferred€the€funds€to€a€new€discretionary€revocableÏtrust€account,€listing€Decedent€as€trustee€for€Brother€or€Henry€Knight.€ÏApproximately€three€weeks€before€her€death,€Decedent€closed€this€account€andÏreplaced€it€with€a€joint€tenancy€account,€listing€Decedent€and€Sister€as€owners.€ÏAt€the€time€of€Decedentððs€death,€this€bank€account€had€a€balance€ofÏapproximately€$16,675.Ìà àAfter€Decedentððs€death,€Defendant€James€Lancaster× ƒ3 ××  ×,€the€successorÏtrustee€for€the€relevant€trust€accounts,€managed€these€accounts.€€LancasterÏwithdrew€the€funds€from€each€of€the€trust€accounts€and€ultimately€set€up€threeÏcorresponding€new€accounts€listing€himself€as€trustee€for€Brother€or€Sister.€ÏWith€regard€to€the€bank€account,€Sister€drafted€a€letter€to€Lancaster,Ïauthorizing€him€to€ð ðchange€this€account€and€set€it€up€any€way€that€he€sees€fit.ðð€ÏConsequently,€Lancaster€withdrew€the€funds€from€the€bank€account€and€set€upÏan€account€listing€him€as€trustee€for€Brother.€€Lancaster€subsequently€closedÏthis€account€and€established€a€series€of€accounts€listing€Brother€and€LancasterÍas€co„owners.€€Ultimately€these€were€transferred€by€Lancaster€in€1982€to€a€bankÏaccount€listing€Sister€as€sole€owner.Ìà àShortly€after€Decedentððs€death,€Brother€moved€to€Alabama€to€live€withÏhis€brother,€Next€Friend€and€Guardian€Fred€Knight,€and€sister„in„law,€JuanitaÏKnight.€€In€1982€an€Alabama€court€appointed€Fred€Knight€as€legal€guardian€ofÏBrother,€who€was€73€years€old€at€that€time.€€Later€that€year,€Fred€Knight,€onÏbehalf€of€Brother,€filed€this€suit,€alleging€that€the€accounts€at€issue€were€invalidÏsince€some€or€all€of€the€funds€in€the€accounts€were€the€personal€property€ofÏBrother.€€After€it€was€discovered€that€Fred€Knight€was€himself€adjudicatedÏmentally€incompetent€by€a€Tennessee€court€in€1972,× ƒ4 ××  ×€Juanita€Knight€replacedÏher€husband€as€primary€plaintiff€in€this€suit.€€Other€family€members€wereÏsubsequently€added€as€plaintiffs€to€this€suit,€and€a€Guardian€ad€litemòòò ò€ó óóówasÏappointed€to€represent€Brother.Ìà àThree€and€one€half€years€after€the€case€was€tried,€the€trial€court€in€1989Ïentered€an€order€in€which€it€found€that€Decedent€ð ðtook€overðð€the€finances€ofÏBrother,€who€the€court€reasoned€was€mentally€incompetent€to€manage€hisÏfinancial€affairs€and,€thus,€did€not€have€the€requisite€capacity€to€consent€to€theÏcreation€of€the€accounts€established€by€Decedent.€€As€a€result,€the€trial€courtÍheld€that€the€bank€account€was€the€sole€property€of€Brother€and€that€the€trustÏaccounts€were€partially€invalid€since€$18,632.70€of€the€funds€in€the€trustÏaccounts€plus€accrued€interest€was€Brotherððs€personal€property.€€After€the€trialÏcourt€denied€a€Motion€for€New€Trial€and€Motion€to€Alter€or€Amend€theÏJudgment€filed€by€Sister,€Sister€timely€filed€a€Notice€of€Appeal,€but€the€Court€ofÏAppeals€dismissed€the€appeal€because€the€trial€court€had€not€entered€a€finalÏjudgment.€€The€judgment€was€not€made€final€until€1997,€at€which€time€SisterÏrenewed€her€Notice€of€Appeal.Ìà àSister€presents€five€issues€for€review,€as€stated€in€her€brief:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à1.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€holding€thatÏ$18,632.70€(plus€accrued€interest)€of€the€fundsÏcontained€in€the€trust€accounts€at€issue€in€theÏlitigation€were€the€property€of€Noble€Neal€Knight.ÌÌà8 àà8 à2.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€holding€that€theÏfunds€contained€in€Bank€Account€No.€8„16„80177€(theÏsuccessor€account€of€Account€No.€8„9„1216)€were€theÏproperty€of€Noble€Neal€Knight€and€not€the€propertyÏof€Madge€Boggild.ÌÌà8 àà8 à3.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€holding€thatÏNoble€Neal€Knight€did€not€have€the€requisite€mentalÏcapacity€to€consent€to€the€creation€of€the€trustÏaccounts€and€other€bank€transactions€at€issue€in€thisÏlitigation.ÌÌà8 àà8 à4.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€holding€that€theÏtrust€accounts€at€issue€in€the€litigation€(which€nameÏNoble€Neal€Knight,€Appellant€and€others€as€co„beneficiaries)€were€partially€invalid€as€a€matter€of€law.ÌÌà8 àà8 à5.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€theÏmotion€for€new€trial€and€motion€to€alter€or€amendÏthe€judgment€filed€by€Appellant€in€this€action.ÌÌÓÓBecause€of€their€interrelation,€the€issues€will€be€considered€together.Ìà àSince€this€case€was€tried€by€the€trial€court€sitting€without€a€jury,€weÏreview€the€case€ò òòòde€novoóóó ó€upon€the€record€with€a€presumption€of€correctness€ofÏthe€findings€of€fact€by€the€trial€court.€€Unless€the€evidence€preponderatesÏagainst€the€findings,€we€must€affirm,€absent€error€of€law.€€T.R.A.P.€13(d).Ìà àThe€signature€cards€in€the€record€demonstrate€that€Brother€initially€heldÏan€interest€in€all€of€the€accounts€at€issue€as€a€joint€tenant€with€the€right€ofÏsurvivorship.€€ò òòòSee€Lowry€v.€Lowryó óóó,€541€S.W.2d€128,€132€(Tenn.€1976).€€InÏò òòòLeffew€v.€Mayesó óóó,€685€S.W.2d€288€(Tenn.€App.€1984),€the€Court€stated:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à€€€€€Where€funds€are€on€deposit€in€a€joint€accountÏwith€right€of€survivorship,€we€hold€that€during€theÏlifetime€of€the€joint€tenants€a€rebuttable€presumptionÏarises€that€the€parties€own€the€money€on€depositÏequally.€€òòò òKinkenon€v.€Hueó óóó,€207€Neb.€698,€301€N.W.2dÏ77€(1981);€€ò òòòCraig€v.€Curtissóóó ó,€64€Ohio€App.2d€72,€411ÏN.E.2d€197€(1979);€€òòò òPhillips€v.€Phillipsó óóó,€70€A.D.2d€30,Ï419€N.Y.S.2d€573€(1979);€€òòò òMcAulliffe€v.€Wilsonó óóó,€41ÏN.C.App.€117,€254€S.E.2d€547€(1979).€€€As€aÏconsequence,€upon€a€suit€by€one€joint€tenant€againstÏthe€other,€the€parties€may€prove€the€ownership€of€theÏfunds€that€went€into€the€account.€€òòò òCraig€v.€Curtissó óóó,Ïò òòòsupraóóó ó.ÌÌà8 àà8 à€€€€€Even€though€a€joint€tenant€may€withdraw€theÏentire€fund,€one€who€does€withdraw€funds€in€excess€ofÏhis€moiety€is€liable€to€the€other€joint€tenant€for€theÏexcess€so€withdrawn.€€ò òòòBricker€v.€Krimeróóó ó,€13€N.Y.2d€22,Ï241€N.Y.S.2d€413,€191€N.E.2d€795€(1963);òòò ò€€Austin€v.ÏSummersó óóó,€237€S.C.€613,€118€S.E.2d€684€(1961);ò òòò€ÏFecteau€v.€Cleveland€Trust€Co.óóó ó,€171€Ohio€St.€121,€167ÏN.E.2d€890€(1960).€€€A€contractual€agreementÏbetween€the€bank€and€the€joint€depositors€does€notÏconclusively€determine€the€rights€between€theÏdepositors€during€their€lifetime.€€ò òòòJohnson€v.€Herrinóóó ó,Ï272€S.C.€224,€250€S.E.2d€334€(1978);€€òòò òO'Hair€v.ÏO'Hairó óóó,€109€Ariz.€236,€508€P.2d€66€(1973);€€ò òòòIn€reÏWebb's€Estateóóó ó,€18€Ohio€App.2d€287,€249€N.E.2d€83Ï(1969).ÌÌà8 àà8 à€€€€€We€further€hold€that€T.C.A.,€ðð€45„2„703,€whichÏabsolves€a€bank€of€liability€upon€its€payment€to€eitherÏjoint€tenant€or€the€survivor,€was€enacted€for€theÏprotection€of€the€bank€and€does€not€affect€the€rightsÏof€the€joint€tenants,€as€between€themselves,€duringÏtheir€lifetime.€€ò òòòKeokuk€Sav.€Bank€&€Trust€Co.€v.ÏDesvauxóóó ó,€259€Iowa€387,€143€N.W.2d€296€(1966);€Ïò òòòArmstrong€v.€Danielóóó ó,€88€Ill.App.2d€31,€232€N.E.2d€218Ï(1967).ÌÌà8 àà8 à€€€€€Based€upon€the€foregoing€authorities,€we€hold€thatÏduring€the€lifetime€of€joint€tenants€(other€thanÏhusband€and€wife)€with€right€of€survivorship,€theÏfunds€deposited€in€such€an€account€are€held€inÏdivisible€parts€and,€upon€the€death€of€one,€the€otherÏtakes€the€whole€only€by€survivorship.ÌÌÓÓò òòòLeffewó óóó,€685€S.W.2d€at€291.Ìà àIn€the€instant€case,€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€that€$18,632€(plus€accruedÏinterest)€of€the€funds€in€the€trust€accounts€belong€to€Brother€implies€thatÍBrother€successfully€rebutted€the€presumption€that€the€joint€tenancy€accountsÏwere€owned€equally€by€the€joint€tenants.€€The€record€demonstrates€that,€withÏthe€exception€of€Social€Security€payments€and€various€unspecified€paychecks,ÏBrotherððs€assets€were€primarily€derived€from€the€following:€(1)€$4,009.72€as€hisÏshare€of€his€and€Sam€Knightððs€farming€partnership€bank€account€after€SamÏKnight€died€in€1972;€(2)€$913.40€as€a€portion€of€the€proceeds€from€the€sale€ofÏequipment€and€other€assets€of€the€farming€partnership;€(3)€$2,733.36€as€hisÏshare€of€proceeds€of€cattle€sold€by€the€partnership;€(4)€$640.72€as€his€one„ninthÏinterest€in€Sam€Knightððs€estate€following€his€death;€and€(5)€$10,335.56€as€hisÏshare€of€the€proceeds€when€the€Knight€family€farm€was€sold€in€1973.× ƒ5 ××  ×€€TheseÏsums€total€$18,632.76.€€The€trial€court€found€that€Decedent€ð ðtook€over€all€ofÏNeal€Knightððs€moneyðð€once€he€moved€in€with€her.€€The€trial€court€proceeded€toÏcharge€the€Decedent€with€this€sum,€$18,632.76,€plus€interest,€and€rule€that€theÏsum€shall€be€deducted€from€all€of€her€trust€accounts€and€that€the€21„year€trustsÏare€null€and€void€with€regard€to€Brotherððs€funds.€€The€trial€court€neglected€toÏspecify€the€exact€amounts€which€should€be€deducted€from€each€account.Ìà àAlthough€there€is€evidence€that€suggests€that€Decedent€handled€BrotherððsÏfinancial€affairs,€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€with€regard€to€the€trust€accounts€is€notÍsupported€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence.€€At€trial,€the€plaintiff€failed€toÏshow€that€any€of€Brotherððs€personal€funds€are€directly€traceable€to€any€of€theÏaccounts€at€issue€in€this€appeal.€€Terry€W.€Gentle,€a€certified€public€accountant,Ïtestified€at€trial€based€on€his€preparation€of€a€ð ðSummary€of€Transactions€andÏSignature€Cards€at€Financial€Institutions€Involving€Noble€Neal€Knight€fromÏ1972€through€April€4,€1985.ðð€€Gentle€testified€that€the€report€was€compiledÏwithout€knowledge€of€the€sources€of€the€deposits€into€any€of€the€accounts.€ÏThere€is€absolutely€no€evidence,€such€as€deposit€slips€or€canceled€checks,€thatÏreveal€Brotherððs€funds€being€deposited€into€any€of€the€accounts€at€issue.Ìà àInstead,€the€plaintiff€presented€circumstantial€evidence€in€an€attempt€toÏlink€the€aforementioned€sums€of€money€received€from€Brother€with€theÏaccounts.€€For€instance,€First€Federal€Trust€Account€No.€C„45764€(SeeÏAppendix),€which€existed€at€the€time€of€Decedentððs€death,€was€originally€a€bankÏaccount€opened€in€1972€as€a€joint€tenancy€account€owned€by€Brother€and€HughÏKnight€with€an€initial€deposit€of€$4,009.07.€€Indeed€there€is€a€correlationÏbetween€this€initial€deposit€and€Brotherððs€receipt€of€$4,009.72€as€his€share€ofÏthe€farming€partnership€account.€€Sister,€however,€does€not€claim€an€interest€inÏthis€account€on€appeal.€€The€trial€court€also€noted€that€the€predecessor€toÏInterfederal€Trust€Account€No.€215795„10€was€opened€in€1977€with€an€initialÍdeposit€of€$10,355.56.€€Certainly,€there€is€a€correlation€between€this€sum€andÏBrotherððs€receipt€of€$10,355.56€as€his€share€of€the€proceeds€from€the€sale€of€theÏKnight€family€farm.€€This€deposit,€however,€was€made€more€than€three€yearsÏafter€Brother€received€his€share€of€the€proceeds,€and€it€is€undisputed€thatÏDecedent€also€received€the€identical€sum€as€her€share€of€the€proceeds.€€Thus,€itÏis€conceivable€that€this€deposit€could€reflect€Decedentððs€share€of€the€proceedsÏfrom€the€family€farm.€€Nevertheless,€Sister,€on€appeal,€does€not€challenge€theÏapplication€of€the€trial€courtððs€order€to€this€account.Ìà àThese€two€deposits€are€the€ò òòòonlyó óóó€evidence€in€the€record€that€conceivablyÏlink€Brotherððs€funds€to€any€of€the€accounts.€€The€record€also€includes€a€copy€ofÏthe€$640.72€endorsed€check€made€out€to€Brother€from€Sam€Knightððs€estate.€€AÏstamp€on€the€back€of€the€check€indicates€that€the€check€was€deposited€withÏChattanooga€Federal€Savings€&€Loan€Association,€predecessor€to€InterfederalÏSavings€&€Loan,€in€1974.€€The€account€into€which€the€check€was€deposited€isÏnot€discernible,€and€there€is€no€evidence€that€clearly€demonstrates€that€theseÏfunds€were€eventually€deposited€into€any€of€the€trust€accounts€at€issue.€€In€fact,ÏGentleððs€report€indicates€that€in€the€period€that€Brother€would€haveÏaccumulated€the€aforementioned€sums€of€money,€1972€thru€1974,€the€onlyÍaccount€that€existed€was€a€First€Federal€Savings€&€Loan€account,× ƒ6 ××  ×€an€accountÏthat€is€not€at€issue€in€this€appeal.€€Furthermore,€it€is€noteworthy€that€the€trialÏcourtððs€holding€œpresupposes€that›€Brother€did€not€spend€ò òòòanyó óóó€of€the€$18,632.76Ïduring€the€ten€years€that€he€lived€with€Decedent.Ìà àWithout€explaining€its€reasoning,€the€trial€court€also€held€that€the€bankÏaccount€at€issue€was€Brotherððs€property.× ƒ7 ××  ×€€The€law€and€the€facts€do€not€supportÏsuch€a€finding.€€The€bank€account€was€originally€opened€in€1976€as€a€jointÏtenancy€account€owned€by€Decedent,€Brother,€and€Henry€H.€Knight,€Sr.,€withÏan€initial€deposit€of€$1,517.27.€€There€is€no€evidence€that€any€funds€depositedÏinto€this€account€or€to€any€of€the€successors€to€this€account€are€traceable€toÏbrother.× ƒ8 ××  ×Ìà àNotwithstanding€this€lack€of€evidence,€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€may,Ïnevertheless,€be€upheld,€at€least€in€part,€if€the€record€demonstrates€thatÏDecedent€withdrew€funds€from€the€joint€tenancy€accounts€in€excess€of€herÏmoiety.€€ò òòòLeffewó óóó,€685€S.W.2d€at€291.€€Since€there€is€no€evidence€in€the€recordÏtracing€the€source€of€the€deposits€into€the€accounts€at€issue,€we€presume€thatÏeach€joint€tenant€held€an€interest€in€the€accounts€in€equal€proportion.€€ò òòòId.€ó óóóInÏò òòòEstate€of€Haynes€v.€Bradenó óóó,€835€S.W.2d€19€(Tenn.€App.€1992),€the€CourtÏconsidered€whether€a€joint€tenancy€account€contract€established€the€intent€toÏconfer€complete€control€of€funds€of€the€account€to€the€other€joint€tenant.€€InÏthat€case,€Haynes€established€two€joint€tenancy€bank€accounts€with€right€ofÏsurvivorship€with€his€nephew„defendant.€€Shortly€before€Haynesððs€death,€hisÏnephew€withdrew€all€the€funds.€€After€Haynesðð€death€suit€was€filed€on€behalf€ofÏhis€estate€to€recover€the€funds.€€The€signatory€cards€for€the€contracts€at€issueÏincluded€the€following€language:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àòòIt€is€agreed€by€the€signatory€parties€with€each€otheróó€and€byÏthe€parties€with€you€òòthat€any€funds€placed€in€or€added€toÏthe€account€by€any€one€of€the€partiesóó€òòò òare€and€shall€beÏconclusively€intended€to€be€a€gift€and€delivery€at€thatÏtime€of€such€funds€to€the€other€signatory€party€orÏparties€to€the€extent€of€his€or€their€pro€rata€interest€inÏthe€accountó óóó.€€(Emphasis€added).ÌÌÓÓò òòòId.€ó óóóat€20„21.€€Contrasting€the€case€from€ò òòòLeffewó óóó,€ò òòòsupraó óóó,€the€Court€found€for€theÍdefendant€and€held€that:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à[c]learly€the€contract€between€the€parties€which€wasÏcreated€by€the€account€agreement€authorized€andÏempowered€the€defendant€to€withdraw€the€funds€atÏany€time€and€ð ðconclusivelyðð€established€a€gift€togetherÏwith€delivery.ÌÌÓÓò òòòId.ó óóó€at€21;€ò òòòsee€also€In€re€Hawn€v.€Meltonó óóó,€No.€03A01„9308„CH„00285,€1993€WLÏ516245€(Tenn.€App.€Dec.€15,€1993).Ìà àIn€the€present€case,€the€joint€tenancy€contracts€for€the€accounts€at€issueÏcontain€the€identical€language€that€was€present€in€ò òòòBradenó óóó.€€Therefore,€DecedentÏwas€seemingly€authorized€to€unilaterally€withdraw€all€of€the€funds€in€the€jointÏtenancy€accounts€and€create€new€accounts.€€With€regard€to€the€bank€account€atÏissue,€First€Federal€Account€No.€8„9„1216,€it€would€appear€that€DecedentÏretained€the€right€to€unilaterally€close€the€predecessor€trust€account€that€listedÏDecedent€as€trustee€for€Brother€or€Henry€H.€Knight,€Sr..€€The€DiscretionaryÏRevocable€Trust€Agreement€for€this€account€expressly€states€that€ð ð[t]heÏundersigned€grantor€[Decedent]€reserves€the€right€to€revoke€said€trust€in€partÏor€in€full€at€any€time€.€.€.€.ðð€€Consequently,€Decedent€did€not€breach€theÏcontract€or€act€unlawfully€by€terminating€the€trust€on€May€7,€1981,€andÏtransferring€the€funds€to€a€joint€tenancy€account€listing€Decedent€and€Sister€asÏowners.€€ò òòòSee€Leader€Fed.€Sav.€&€Loan€Assoc.€v.€Hamiltonó óóó,€46€Tenn.€App.€368,Í382„83,€330€S.W.2d€33,€40„41€(1959).€€The€signature€card€for€the€succeedingÏjoint€tenancy€account€expressly€granted€Sister€the€right€of€survivorship.€ÏTherefore,€Sister€was€the€sole€owner€of€the€funds€in€the€account€followingÏDecedentððs€death€and€was€free€to€use€the€funds€as€she€saw€fit.€€ò òòòLowry€v.€Lowryó óóó,Ï541€S.W.2d€128,€132€(Tenn.€1976).Ìà àHowever,€case€law€indicates€that€Sisterððs€actions€closing€the€joint€tenancyÏaccounts€would€not€be€authorized€in€the€event€that€Brother€did€not€have€theÏrequisite€mental€capacity.€€ò òòòSee€Lowryó óóó,€541€S.W.2d€at€133;€ò òòòBradenó óóó,€835€S.W.2dÏat€21;€10€Am.Jur.2d€òòBanks€&€Financial€Institutionsóó€ðð€678€(1997);€Annotation,€òòEffectÏof€Incompetency€of€Joint€Depositor€upon€Status€and€Ownership€of€Bank€Accountóó,€62ÏA.L.R.2d€1091€(1958).€€In€its€Memorandum€Opinion,€the€trial€court€found€thatÏBrother€was€ð ðincapable€of€handling€his€own€affairs,ðð€and€stated:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àFactually€Noble€Neal€Knight€had€a€difficult€time€inÏschool.€€He€never€learned€to€read€or€write,€except€toÏsign€his€name,€nor€did€he€ever€learn€any€mathematics.€ÏHe€says€he€canððt€make€change€and€has€had€to€dependÏupon€some€member€of€the€family€to€help€him€all€hisÏlife.€€He€canððt€dial€a€phone.€€He€had€worked€for€T.V.A.Ïas€a€laborer.€€He€did€have€a€job€as€a€night€watchmanÏat€a€coal€mine€but€lost€it€after€a€short€time.€€He€doesÏand€has€drawn€a€monthly€check€for€several€years.€€HeÏsays€he€had€difficulty€remembering€things.€€He€didÏlearn€to€drive€a€truck€though€other€witnesses€felt€heÏwas€a€dangerous€driver.€€The€Psychiatrist,€Dr.€PhillipÏCurtis€Sottong,€examined€him€and€found€him€to€beÏretarded€with€a€probable€IQ€of€around€75€to€80.€€HeÍalso€has€a€disorder€of€functionary€intelligence.€€In€oldÏlaymen€terms€he€is€a€moran€[sic],€i.e.,€he€must€haveÏsupervision€at€whatever€he€does.€ÌÌÓÓTherefore,€the€trial€court€stated:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àAs€to€the€various€cards€signed€by€the€Trustees€and€theÏparties€it€is€argued€that€they€vest€titles,€etc.€but€theyÏcan€have€no€effect€upon€this€case€since€the€funds€wereÏNeal€Knights€[sic]€to€begin€with€and€he€could€not€giveÏhis€consent,€being€a€non€compos.ÌÌÓÓAs€stated€earlier,€the€aspect€of€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€Brother€owned€all€ofÏthe€funds€in€the€accounts€at€issue€is€flawed.€€Our€next€inquiry€concerns€whetherÏthe€trial€court€erred€in€determining€that€Brother€could€not€give€his€consent€toÏDecedentððs€actions€because€he€was€mentally€incapacitated.Ìà àThe€party€attempting€to€invalidate€a€contract€based€on€the€theory€ofÏmental€incapacity€bears€the€burden€of€proof.€€òòò òWilliamson€v.€œUpchurchó óóó,€768ÏS.W.2d€265,€269€(Tenn.€App.€1988).€€In€ò òòòRoberts€v.€Robertsó óóó,€827€S.W.2d€788Ï(Tenn.€App.€1991),€the€Court€quoted€approvingly€the€following€language€fromÏC.J.S.:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à€€€€€The€test€of€mental€capacity€to€contract€is€whetherÏthe€person€in€question€possesses€sufficient€mind€toÏunderstand,€in€a€reasonable€manner,€the€nature,Ïextent,€character,€and€effect€of€the€act€or€transactionÏin€which€he€is€engaged;€€the€law€does€not€gaugeÏcontractual€capacity€by€the€standard€of€mentalÏcapacity€possessed€by€reasonably€prudent€men.€€€It€isÏnot€necessary€to€show€that€a€person€was€incompetentÍto€transact€any€kind€of€business,€but€to€invalidate€hisÏcontract€it€is€sufficient€to€show€that€he€was€mentallyÏincompetent€to€deal€with€the€particular€contract€inÏissue,€...ÌÌà8 àà8 à€€€€€On€the€other€hand,€to€avoid€a€contract€it€isÏinsufficient€to€show€merely€that€the€person€was€ofÏunsound€mind€or€insane€when€it€was€made,€but€itÏmust€also€be€shown€that€this€unsoundness€or€insanityÏwas€of€such€a€character€that€he€had€no€reasonableÏperception€or€understanding€of€the€nature€or€terms€ofÏthe€contract.€€€The€extent€or€degree€of€intellectÏgenerally€is€not€in€issue,€but€merely€the€mentalÏcapacity€to€know€the€nature€and€terms€of€theÏcontract.€€ÌÌà8 àà8 à€€€€€While€the€mental€incapacity€which€will€render€oneÏincapable€of€contracting€need€not€be€so€great€asÏentirely€to€dethrone€the€reason,€and€imbecility€orÏweakness€of€mind€to€a€degree€destroying€one'sÏcapacity€to€understand€and€protect€his€own€interestsÏwill€avoid€his€contract,€there€must,€to€invalidate€theÏcontract,€be€at€the€time€thereof€such€impairment€ofÏreasoning€powers€as€to€make€the€person€incapable€ofÏacting€rationally€in€the€transaction€involved,€or€suchÏmental€unsoundness€as€occasions€an€inability€toÏcomprehend€the€subject€of€the€contract€and€its€natureÏand€probable€consequences,€or€as€renders€theÏindividual€incapable€of€understanding€and€acting€withÏdiscretion€in€the€business€at€hand;€€and€it€has€beenÏheld€that€to€invalidate€his€contract€there€must€be€anÏentire€loss€of€a€person's€understanding€as€respects€suchÏtransaction.€€Ìà8 àà8 à€€€€€In€the€final€analysis,€contractual€capacity€is€aÏquestion€to€be€resolved€in€the€light€of€the€facts€ofÏeach€case€and€the€surrounding€circumstances.ÌÌÓÓò òòòRobertsó óóó,€827€S.W.2d€at€791„92€(quoting€17€C.J.S.€òòContractsóó€ðð€133€(1)(e)).Ìà àThe€proof€demonstrates€that€Brother€supported€himself€with€various€jobsÏfor€over€fifty€years.€€Brother€had€a€driverððs€license€and€owned€and€drove€his€ownÏtruck.× ƒ9 ××  ×€€Although€he€was€capable€of€cooking€for€himself€and€washing€his€ownÏclothes,€Brother€apparently€only€performed€such€chores€on€rare€occasions.€ÏTestimony€reveals€that€Brother€could€not€read€or€write€and€had€trouble€dialingÏthe€telephone.€€Although€Brother€often€carried€his€own€money€and€understoodÏsimple€mathematics€with€regard€to€financial€transactions,× ƒ: ××  ×€it€is€clear€that€heÏentrusted€his€financial€affairs€to€others€throughout€his€life.€€At€trial,€whenÏquestioned€by€the€Guardian€ad€litem,€Brother€testified€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àQ.€€Let€me€ask€you€this.€€During€any€last€years,€well,Ïletððs€just€say€all€of€your€life€here,€have€you€ever€takenÏcare€of€your€own€bank€accounts?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA.€€No,€sir.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ.€€Do€you€know€how€a€bank€operates?ÌÌà àà àA.€€No,€sir.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ.€€As€far€as€the€customers?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA.€€Well,€all€I€know€is€you€go€in€there€and€if€youððveÏgot€a€check€you€can€cash€it€if€itððs€good,€if€it€ainððt€theyÍcheck€your€account€is€all€I€can€say.€€Iððve€had€thatÏhappen.ÌÌÓÓà àDr.€Phillip€Sottong,€a€psychiatrist,€testified€in€a€deposition€based€on€aÏfifteen€to€twenty€minute€examination€of€Brother€in€1982.€€Although€Dr.ÏSottong€was€uncertain€of€whether€Brotherððs€mental€capacity€deteriorated€as€heÏgot€older,€he€opined€that€Brother€likely€had€a€limited€intelligence€his€entire€life.€ÏDr.€Sottongððs€deposition€includes€the€following€interchange€between€theÏpsychiatrist€and€counsel€for€Brother:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àQ.€€To€what€extent,€in€your€opinion,€do€you€think€thatÏthis€individual€could€enter€into€any€type€of€agreementÏand€him€fully€comprehend€or€understand€it?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA.€€On€the€basis€of€that€exam,€if€it€was€an€agreementÏinvolving€money€I€doubt€that€this€man€couldÏcomprehend€it.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ.€€Do€you€have€an€opinion,€based€on€yourÏobservations€of€this€man,€as€to€where€he€would€beÏchronologically€as€to€an€average€child€or€whatever?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA.€€Iððd€give€him€around€8€or€9€year€old€child€[sic].ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ.€€Based€also€on€your€observations€and€your€opinionÏthat€have€been€arrived€from€that,€to€what€extent€doÏyou€think€he€has€the€ability€to€understand€maybe€theÏramifications€of€signing€bank€papers€or€anything€ofÏthat€nature€which€might€change€accounts,€bank€cards,Ïor€any€of€that?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA.€€I€think€his€judgment€is€based€purely€on€trust€andÏthat€if€you€smiled€at€him€and€were€a€nice€guy€and€heÍtrusted€you€and€he€looks€like€the€kind€of€person€whoÏthinks€best€of€his€fellow€man,€and€if€you€were,€Iððd€sayÏyou€could€be€the€worldððs€greatest€crook€and€if€youÏwere€nice€heððd€probably€trust€you€and€do€whateverÏyou€said€and€so€I€think€the€problem€there€is€how€goodÏhis€judgment€is€and€whom€he€trusts.€€I€donððt€think€heÏhas€the€capacity€to€formulate€whatððs€really€going€on€inÏterms€of€what€decisions€are€being€made€all€about.ÌÌÓÓWhen€questioned€by€counsel€for€Sister,€Dr.€Sottong€elaborated:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àHe€does€not€comprehend€numbers.€€Therefore,€theÏmost€I€can€say€on€the€basis€of€my€examination€is€thatÏhe€is€not€competent€to€enter€into€a€contract€so€far€asÏnumbers€are€concerned€and€that€is€the€extent€that€IÏcan€say€whether€heððs€competent€or€not€competentÏbased€on€my€examination.ÌÌÓÓAlthough€Dr.€Sottong€did€not€conduct€a€formal€IQ€test,€he€estimated€thatÏBrotherððs€IQ€is€between€75€to€80€based€on€his€evaluation.Ìà àSister€contends€that€Dr.€Sottongððs€evaluation€does€not€provide€materialÏevidence€concerning€whether€Brother€retained€the€requisite€mental€capacity€toÏenter€into€the€specific€transactions€at€issue€in€this€case.€€Sister€asserts€that€evenÏif€Brother€does€not€adequately€comprehend€numbers,€he€may,€nevertheless,Ïcompetently€understand€the€notion€of€joint€bank€accounts€and,€thus,€be€able€toÏconsent€to€Decedentððs€transactions.× ƒ; ××  ×€€Citing€ò òòòWoods€v.€Mutual€of€Omahaó óóó,€No.Ï02A01„9510„CV„00218,€1996€WL€578489€(Tenn.€App.€Oct.€9,€1996),€SisterÍargues€that€Dr.€Sottongððs€testimony€is€irrelevant€because€it€only€renders€anÏopinion€of€Brotherððs€capacity€ò òòòafteró óóó€the€transactions€at€issue€occurred.Ìà àIn€ò òòòWoodsó óóó,€the€plaintiff€challenged€the€validity€of€a€settlement€releaseÏagreement€entered€into€between€the€plaintiff€and€the€defendant€on€the€basis€ofÏthe€plaintiffððs€alleged€mental€incapacity.€€The€plaintiff€proffered€the€affidavit€of€aÏpsychologist,€who€testified:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à€€€€€[Plaintiff]€first€came€to€me€on€April€6,€1992Ï[approximately€two€weeks€after€the€release€wasÏexecuted]€presented€with€paranoia,€psychoticÏthinking,€numerous€somatic€complaints,€and€extremeÏanxiety.ÌÌà8 àà8 à€€€€€He€has€received€a€diagnosis€of€Schizophrenia,ÏParanoid€type€.€.€.€.ÌÌà8 àà8 à€€€€€It€is€my€opinion€that,€due€to€his€mental€state€atÏthat€time,€he€was€not€capable€of€entering€into€aÏcontract€with€full€knowledge€and€ability€to€understandÏthe€consequences€of€that€contract.ÌÌÓÓò òòòId.€ó óóóat€*1.€€Granting€summary€judgment€to€the€defendant,€the€Court€found€thisÏaffidavit€to€be€ð ðinadequate,ðð€since€it€ð ðrefers€only€to€[the€plaintiffððs]€generalÏinability€to€enter€into€a€contract€and€does€not€make€specific€reference€to€theÏcontract€at€issue.ðð€€ò òòòId.ó óóó€at€*3.Ìà àWe€find€ò òòòWoodsó óóó€to€be€inapposite€to€the€case€at€hand.€€In€the€instant€case,ÏDr.€Sottong€testified€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à€€€€€The€problem€I€would€have€here€in€terms€of€thisÏman€would€be€youððll€see€many€people€from€70€on€upÏwho€will€show€the€same€factor€who€may€have€beenÏformerly€brighter€people€and€where€thereððs€enoughÏarteriosclerosis€to€create€the€same€condition,€so€thatÏin€this€man€I€donððt€know€enough€about€his€earlierÏhistory€to€know€whether€this€has€been€a€lie€[sic]€longÏthing€or€whether€this€is€merely€something€that€he€hasÏdeveloped€in€age€now.€€His€concept€is€that€for€25Ïyears€he€had€not€been€able€to€handle€money€or€knowÏwhat€to€do€with€it€and€therefore€my€assumption€isÏthat€this€is€not€arteriosclerosis,€that€this€is€rather€justÏa€limited€intelligence€that€he€functions€with.ÌÌÓÓStanding€alone,€Dr.€Sottongððs€deposition,€indeed,€would€appear€to€beÏinsufficient€evidence€of€Brotherððs€mental€capacity€at€the€time€of€theÏtransactions€at€issue.€€However,€when€coupled€with€the€other€evidenceÏpresented€at€trial,€sufficient€evidence€existed€by€which€the€trial€court€couldÏmake€a€finding€that€Brother€did€not€have€the€requisite€capacity€at€the€time€theÏtransactions€were€executed.Ìà àFaced€with€factual€circumstances€similar€to€the€case€at€hand,€the€CourtÏin€ò òòòRoberts,€supraó óóó,€stated:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à€€€€€Even€when€no€opposing€expert€testimony€isÏoffered,€the€trier€of€fact€is€still€bound€to€decide€theÏissue€upon€its€own€fair€judgment€assisted€by€expertÏtestimony.€€ò òòòGibson€v.€Fergusonó óóó,€Tenn.1976,€562ÏS.W.2d€188.ÌÌà8 àà8 à€€€€€Even€though€the€finding€of€the€Trial€Court€doesÏnot€explicitly€state€that€the€deceased€was€fullyÍcompetent€to€execute€instruments€of€the€characterÏhere€involved,€this€Court€finds€upon€de€novoÏexamination€of€the€evidence€that€he€was€soÏcompetent.ÌÌÓÓò òòòRobertsó óóó,€827€S.W.2d€at€795;€ò òòòsee€also€England€v.€Burns€Stone€Co.,€Inc.ó óóó,€874ÏS.W.2d€32,€38€(Tenn.€App.€1993).€€The€sources€of€incapacity€alleged€in€òòò òWoodsó óóó,Ïð ðparanoia,€psychotic€thinking,€numerous€somatic€complaints,€and€extremeÏanxiety,ðð€ò òòòWoodsó óóó,€ò òòòsupra,ó óóó€at€*1,€are€more€prone€to€be€temporary€and€not€life„long.€€In€contrast,€the€source€of€Brotherððs€alleged€incapacity€is€a€low€intelligence,Ïa€trait€that€is€certainly€more€prone€to€be€life„long.€€In€fact,€the€evidenceÏpresented€at€trial€is€consistent€with€the€finding€that€Brother€has€suffered€from€aÏdiminished€mental€capacity€throughout€his€life.€€Therefore,€the€trial€court€didÏnot€err€in€considering€Dr.€Sottongððs€deposition€testimony.Ìà àThe€preponderance€of€the€evidence€supports€the€trial€courtððs€finding€thatÏBrother€did€not€have€the€requisite€mental€capacity€to€consent€to€theÏtransactions€at€issue.€€An€agglomeration€of€all€of€the€proof€presented€at€trialÏdemonstrates€that€Brother€satisfied€his€burden€of€proving€that€he€was€mentallyÏincapable€of€consenting€to€Decedentððs€actions.€€ò òòòSee€Robertsó óóó,€827€S.W.2d€at€792„95.€€Such€a€finding€is€most€notably€supported€by€testimony€from€numerousÏfamily€members€that€Brother€has€been€mentally€ð ðslowðð€his€entire€life€and€hasÏrelied€on€others€to€handle€his€finances.Ìà àWhile€the€trial€court€reached€the€right€conclusion€concerning€BrotherððsÏmental€capacity,€we€differ€with€the€result€reached€by€the€trial€court.€ÏAccordingly,€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€is€modified€as€follows:Ìà àDue€to€Brotherððs€incapacity,€Decedentððs€termination€of€Interfederal€BankÏAccounts€No.€27338„10,€No.€28464„10,€and€No.€74274„10€and€subsequentÏtransfer€of€these€funds€to€Interfederal€Trust€Accounts€No.€31013„10,€No.Ï31014„10,€and€No.€215795„10€respectively€are€null€and€void€to€the€extent€ofÏone„half€of€the€funds€transferred.€€Account€No.€27338„10€was€worth€$7,520.55Ïat€the€time€that€it€was€closed.€€Because€it€is€presumed€that€half€of€the€fundsÏwere€owned€by€Brother,€ò òòòœLeffewó óóó,€685€S.W.2d€at€291,€Brother€is€entitled€toÏ$3,760.28.€€Since€Account€No.€28464„10€was€worth€$6,217.03€at€the€time€thatÏit€was€closed,€Brother€is€entitled€to€$3,108.52€for€this€account,€and€sinceÏAccount€No.€74274„10€was€worth€$17,936.98€at€the€time€that€it€was€closed,ÏBrother€is€entitled€to€$8,968.49€for€this€account.€€Brother€is€also€entitled€to€theÏaccount€interest€for€the€funds€awarded€from€the€date€of€transfer,€June€6,€1980,Ïuntil€the€funds€are€restored€to€Brother.€€The€remainder€of€the€funds€that€wereÏtransferred€from€these€accounts€shall€continue€to€be€held€in€accordance€withÏDecedentððs€specifications€and€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€is€reversed€to€the€extentÏthat€the€successor€accounts€to€any€of€these€trust€accounts€are€declared€null€andÍvoid.Ìà àThe€origin€of€the€Bank€Account€at€issue,€First€Federal€Account€No.€8„9„1216,€was€Account€No.€LS„97,€and€was€jointly€owned€by€Decedent,€Brother€andÏHenry€H.€Knight,€Sr..€€Since€Brother€is€entitled€to€his€one„third€pro€rata€shareÏof€the€$11,880.72€value€of€this€account€at€the€time€that€it€was€closed€byÏDecedent,× ƒ< ××  ×€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€is€modified€so€that€Brother€is€owedÏ$3,960.24€plus€account€interest€for€the€period€mentioned€above.€€TheÏremainder€of€the€sums€in€this€account€were€permissibly€transferred€to€TrustÏAccount€No.€8„9„1032,€listing€Decedent€as€trustee€for€Brother€or€Henry€H.ÏKnight,€Sr..€€Pursuant€to€the€terms€of€the€Discretionary€Revocable€TrustÏAgreement,€Decedent€was€entitled€to€revoke€the€agreement€before€her€deathÏand€transfer€the€funds€to€Account€No.€8„9„1216,€listing€Decedent€and€Sister€orÏjoint€tenants.× ƒ= ××  ×€€ò òòòHamiltonó óóó,€46€Tenn.€App.€at€382„83,€330€S.W.2d€at€40„41.€ÏThus,€Sister,€as€surviving€joint€tenant,€was€entitled€to€the€remainder€of€the€sumsÏin€this€account€at€the€time€of€Decedentððs€death.ò òòò€€Lowry,€ó óóó541€S.W.2d€at€132.€€Ìà àSince€these€are€the€only€accounts€raised€on€appeal,€we€do€not€alter€theÏtrial€courtððs€ruling€to€the€extent€that€it€applies€to€the€other€accounts€not€raisedÏon€appeal.€€All€other€issues€on€appeal€are€pretermitted€by€this€holding.Ìà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€reversed€in€part,€modified€in€part€andÏremanded.€€On€remand,€the€trial€court€shall€determine€the€exact€amount€dueÏBrother€consistent€with€this€Opinion.€€Costs€of€the€appeal€are€assessed€equallyÏto€both€parties.ÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à_________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òW.€FRANK€CRAWFORD,€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPRESIDING€JUDGE,€W.S.ó óÌò òCONCUR:Ìó ó€Ì____________________________________Ìò òDAVID€R.€FARMER,€JUDGEó óÌÌò ò____________________________________ÌHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€JUDGEó óÌÔ€Ôœ