ÿWPCC ܆b§†ÆÁ.[£–àM¡ÛV-ÚGÊ>K¯m41â0+ ðŽšPh£‘¼NíIž%¡Ú:Z¦¢-%š!àyÁñ¦Ú\Åkˆá±H‰¯KÎ?Ä&&…f¯ß]éîeÚ\BQ#Ïr€9¸ºo¼æWÝó3#ÉVòo—B23N¼¨‡U‘ï «îhiƒ¨úÊÆiÉX®û{'ü\޾Ïéú|GËDç 5qªz,ìñe ­—ÕÉ3|Õ1kXœ»¯8cYò?zëµDꮢҘ º…æÇWÅÇ#R¯É¡¼– ôà|xs+a,(BÛñÏ .·.ìŽÞºÊEë«•6ï,9 é¶“»¯üÑ«sâþSùK {ñQ(ó².}ÿ˾­%Û&7¶3-µw7ÏlÑÉP7I@>uª;PÆ)ûÐ;ʇœ@þ ˆGÍìÀ“‘çã ˆÊá8ß‘=4lꨜ0ˆâ|ßiC•ܤT°åg¬qåM½|©gëý¤`@¦ƒÙfÏytÕ÷¹”ÃXùVœ@JZ™ªðÆRiQCÓenüiÏAzw0– ãó.aÞ¤ÇfoÝ}ï¿u1,í7Ý7ØÞÔNÔÃÉQ3š_Ã]ܤW9£übNíË˰ڨò©BR´ïÇXoäÀH0#  UN« %ù 04ÿ 0³3bæw@î4.BQjYÅà 0Dˆ ÅÌ UN‘ß AQl:½÷( D/= Bl‰ D3ŒU:¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ BùÆ 0DÜ 0D  0DdN¨^ ª¶ m¸:ÏÏÏÏÏÏ: ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ'í€"  Z 6Times New Roman Regular¼( ¤U$¡¡Ó  Ó(c(2w$¤¤Ý ƒ¤U!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X^ðX¼¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù- ‘’D“”•U–+—˜™Ó€£ìu[%3|x£lien v. couch - opinion Î  '  0 .    »Ý ƒ5$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X.ÉX»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔSpecifically,€the€Liens€asserted€that€Ms.€Couch€and€the€Big€Ridge€Emu€Ranch€had€violatedÐ Ü ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„18„104(b)(7)€(representing€that€goods€are€of€a€particular€standard,€quality,€orÏgrade,€or€that€they€are€of€a€particular€style€or€model,€if€they€are€of€another);€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„¼18„104(b)(9)€(advertising€goods€with€intent€not€to€sell€them€as€advertised);€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„¼18„104(b)(10)€(advertising€goods€with€intent€not€to€supply€reasonably€Ô_ÔexpectableÔ_Ô€public€demand,Ïunless€the€advertisement€discloses€a€limitation€of€quantity);€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„14„104(b)(21)Ï(employing€bait€and€switch€advertising);€and€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„18„104(b)(27)€(engaging€in€anyÏact€or€practice€which€is€deceptive€to€the€consumer).(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó »Ý ƒ5$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XNˆX»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔSpecifically,€the€Liens€asserted€that€Ms.€Couch€and€the€Big€Ridge€Emu€Ranch€had€violatedÐ Ü ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„18„104(b)(7)€(representing€that€goods€are€of€a€particular€standard,€quality,€orÏgrade,€or€that€they€are€of€a€particular€style€or€model,€if€they€are€of€another);€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„¼18„104(b)(9)€(advertising€goods€with€intent€not€to€sell€them€as€advertised);€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„¼18„104(b)(10)€(advertising€goods€with€intent€not€to€supply€reasonably€Ô_ÔexpectableÔ_Ô€public€demand,Ïunless€the€advertisement€discloses€a€limitation€of€quantity);€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„14„104(b)(21)Ï(employing€bait€and€switch€advertising);€and€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„18„104(b)(27)€(engaging€in€anyÏact€or€practice€which€is€deceptive€to€the€consumer).'í€"  Z 6Times New Roman Regular ƒÝ ƒ5$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X.ÉX»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔLike€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„18„104(b)(7),€Ark.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„88„107(a)(1)€prohibitsÐ d Ðknowingly€making€false€representations€that€goods€are€of€a€particular€standard,€quality,€or€grade;€andÏlike€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„18„104(b)(9),€Ark.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„88„107(a)(3)€prohibits€advertisingÏgoods€with€the€intent€not€to€sell€them€as€advertised.€€Ark.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„88„107(a)(10)€also€containsÏa€catch„all€provision€similar€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„18„104(b)(27).€€!"#$Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ 0Ñ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ À ÑÑ d Ñ Ý ƒ5$ÝÓ  ÓÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X.ÉX»¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡¼ç»XX.ÉÔThe€common„law€remedies€available€in€Arkansas€are€even€narrower€than€theÐ Ü Ðcommon„law€remedies€available€in€Tennessee.€€While€Arkansas€€recognizes€common„¼law€causes€of€action€for€fraud,€misrepresentation,€and€deceit,€òòsee€Ô_ÔOððMaraÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔDykemaÔ_Ôóó,Ð  0 Ð942€S.W.2d€854,€857€(Ark.€1997),€it€does€not€recognize€a€cause€of€action€forÏnegligent€misrepresentation.€€òòSee€South€County,€Inc.€v.€First€Western€Loan€Co.óó,€871Ð < ` ÐS.W.2d€325,€326€(Ark.€1994).€€Ô#†X.ÉX»¼çš#Ô WmKennerlyMurfreeScarlett HaywCapuanoCarrisAssocsStalcuprelitigationFiremens S.F.HruskaPelikanDeadrin'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd ùÝ ƒ"¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€¼Ç— ¼¼¼ÔÔ€2°  ¼¼Ç—ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X‚ X 2°ÔÐ  ÐÌDecember€8,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó ó 'ÿÿdxd,@ÓÐAZ‹"Arial Regular dƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óU‡%c ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ 0Ñ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ À ÑÑ d Ñ 0Ñ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ ° ÑÑ Ü ÑÝ ƒ¤U!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ„°ÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ7€öö¼¼ddÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€„Íú„¼¼Ôò òñ£ññ™ñßr€<,(j 8` `€€@E ±` 8ttxPX°ð  rßñ™ññ£ññ£ññ£ñÌà@¡ ¡ DàIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÌñ£ñßt€>.*jx§ÿ ` `€€@Elj` 8ttxPÿÁð È tßñ£ñà@ÜÜ)DàAT€NASHVILLEó óˆÐ €Ð ÐÔ€¼öö¼„„ÍúÔÌÌÌÌSHIN€YI€(SUNNY)€LIENà À àà  à)Ð @  Ðand€wife,€ANN€LIEN,à h àà À àà  à)Ð V¦  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àPlaintiffs/Appellants,à À àà  à)Ð ‚Ò  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àWilson€CircuitÐ ˜è  ÐVS.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àNo.€9230Ð ®þ  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)ÌRUTH€COUCH,€individually,€andà  à)à p àAppeal€No.Ð Ú* ÐBIG€RIDGE€EMU€RANCH,€INC.,à  à)à p à01A01„9609„CV„00398Ð ð@ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àDefendants/Appellees.à À àà  à)Ð l ÐÌÌÌÌԇööÔà@ÆÆDàAPPEAL€FROM€THE€CIRCUIT€COURT€FOR€WILSON€COUNTYˆÐ ŠÚ Ðà@22%DàAT€LEBANON,€TENNESSEEˆÌÌà@§ § DàTHE€HONORABLE€BOBBY€CAPERS,€JUDGEˆÌÔ#†¼öö¼îî§¶„#ÔÌÌÌÌòòFor€Plaintiffs/Appellantsóó:à À àà  àà p àà È àòòFor€Defendants/Appelleesóó:Ð ’&â! ÐÌWm.€Kennerly€Burgerà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àJeff€ReedÐ ¾($  ÐMurfreesboro,€Tennesseeà À àà  àà p àà È àMurfree,€Cope,€Hudson€&€ScarlettÐ Ô)$%! Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àMurfreesboro,€TennesseeÌÔ€„Íú„¼¼ööÔò òÌÌÌÌÌà@^^%DàVACATED€AND€REMANDEDó óˆÐ 3X.( ÐÔ€¼öö¼„„ÍúÔÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÐ    Ðthe€chicks.€€On€March€9,€1994,€the€Liens€executed€the€contract€and€returned€it€to€BigÏRidge€Emu€Ranch€along€with€a€check€for€$16,250.€€Big€Ridge€Emu€Ranch€laterÏexecuted€the€agreement.ÌÌà ` àThe€Liens€traveled€to€the€Big€Ridge€Emu€Ranch€in€early€May€1994€to€pick€upÏthe€emu€chicks€and€to€pay€the€balance€due€under€the€contract.€€However,€when€theÏLiens€arrived€at€the€ranch,€Ms.€Couch€informed€them€that€chicks€born€in€January€orÏFebruary€or€even€early€March€were€no€longer€available,€but€that€the€ranch€couldÏprovide€chicks€born€in€late€March€or€April.€€Mr.€Lien€declined€this€offer€because€heÏbelieved€that€the€March€and€April€emu€chicks€were€of€lesser€value€and€requested€aÏrefund€of€his€deposit.€€The€Big€Ridge€Emu€Ranch€declined€to€cancel€the€contract.€ÌÌà ` àOn€August€30,€1994,€the€Big€Ridge€Emu€Ranch€sued€the€Liens€in€the€CircuitÏCourt€for€Saline€County,€Arkansas€seeking€the€balance€of€the€purchase€price€of€theÏchicks€($48,750)€as€well€as€other€damages.€€The€Liens€filed€an€answer€denying€thatÏthey€had€breached€the€contract€and€filed€a€counterclaim€against€the€ranch€and€Ms.ÏCouch€based€on€breach€of€contract,€misrepresentation,€and€mutual€mistake€of€fact.€ÏOn€January€31,€1995,€the€Liens€filed€suit€against€Big€Ridge€Emu€Ranch€and€Ms.ÏCouch€in€the€Circuit€Court€for€Wilson€County,€Tennessee,€seeking€injunctive€andÏmonetary€relief€under€the€Tennessee€Consumer€Protection€Act€of€1977€[Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðððð€47„18„101,€„€121€(1995€&€Supp.€1998)].ñ–ñÔ_Ô׃ ×ñ–ññ–ñ׃×ñ–ñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ô_Ô€€Consistent€with€their€claims,€theÐ ¬&Ð ( ÐLiens€sought€treble€damages€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„18„109(a)(3)€andÏattorneyððs€fees€and€costs€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„18„109(e)(1).ÌÌà ` àThe€Liensðð€action€in€Tennessee€did€not€impede€the€progress€of€the€priorÏArkansas€proceeding.€€Following€a€ð ðfull€trialðð€on€August€30,€1995,€the€ArkansasÏcircuit€court€found€that€the€Liens€had€breached€their€contract€with€the€Big€Ridge€EmuÐ „0¨*4 ÐRanch€and€entered€a€judgment€awarding€the€ranch€$78,870€in€damages€plus€$2,800Ïin€attorneyððs€fees€and€dismissing€the€Liensðð€counterclaims€against€the€ranch€and€Ms.ÏCouch.€€This€judgment€became€final€after€the€Liens€voluntarily€dismissed€theirÏappeal.ÌÌà ` àOn€June€3,€1996,€Big€Ridge€Emu€Ranch€and€Ms.€Couch€moved€to€dismiss€theÏLiensðð€suit€in€Tennessee€on€the€ground€that€the€Arkansas€judgment€was€res€judicataÏto€the€Liensðð€claims€under€the€Tennessee€Consumer€Protection€Act€of€1977.€€€TheyÏasserted€that€the€Liensðð€consumer€protection€claims€were€compulsory€counterclaimsÏin€the€Arkansas€proceeding€and€that€the€Liensðð€failure€to€pursue€their€TennesseeÏConsumer€Protection€Act€claims€in€the€Arkansas€proceeding€should€preclude€themÏfrom€asserting€them€in€the€subsequent€Tennessee€proceeding.€€The€trial€court€agreedÏand,€on€June€18,€1996,€entered€an€order€dismissing€the€Liensðð€complaint€on€theÏground€that€the€Arkansas€judgment€was€res€judicata€to€their€Tennessee€ConsumerÏProtection€Act€claims.ÌÌà@ËË.Dàò òII.ˆÐ  @  Ðó óÌà ` àThe€parties€have€directed€their€arguments€both€in€the€trial€court€and€on€thisÏappeal€toward€the€issue€of€whether€the€Liensðð€claims€under€the€Tennessee€ConsumerÏProtection€Act€of€1977€were€compulsory€counterclaims€in€the€Arkansas€proceeding.€ÏIn€light€of€the€trial€courtððs€reliance€on€the€doctrine€of€res€judicata€to€dismiss€theÏLiensðð€claims,€we€shift€the€focus€to€consider€whether€the€Liens€could€have€raised€theirÏconsumer€protection€claims€in€the€Arkansas€proceeding.€€If€they€could€not,€theÏdoctrine€of€res€judicata€does€not€prevent€them€from€pursuing€these€claims€in€aÏsubsequent€proceeding.ÌÌà@¶¶.Dàò òA.€ó óˆÐ (2L,6 ÐÌà ` àRes€judicata€is€a€claim€preclusion€doctrine€that€promotes€finality€in€litigation.€ÏòòSee€Moulton€v.€Ford€Motor€Co.óó,€533€S.W.2d€295,€296€(Tenn.1976);€òòJordan€v.€Johnsóó,Ð 781< Ð168€Tenn.€525,€536„37,€79€S.W.2d€798,€802€(1935).€€It€bars€a€second€suit€between€theÐ ¸8Ü2> Ðsame€parties€or€their€privies€on€the€same€cause€of€action€with€respect€to€all€the€issuesÏwhich€were€or€could€have€been€litigated€in€the€former€suit.€€òòSee€Richardson€v.Ð €¤ ÐTennessee€Bd.€of€Dentistryóó,€913€S.W.2d€446,€459€(Tenn.1995);€òòCollins€v.€GreeneÐ $ H ÐCounty€Bankóó,€916€S.W.2d€941,€945€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.1995).Ð È ì ÐÌà ` àParties€asserting€a€res€judicata€defense€must€demonstrate€that€(1)€a€court€ofÏcompetent€jurisdiction€rendered€the€prior€judgment,€(2)€the€prior€judgment€was€finalÏand€on€the€merits,€(3)€the€same€parties€or€their€privies€were€involved€in€bothÏproceedings,€and€(4)€both€proceedings€involved€the€same€cause€of€action.€òòSee€Lee€v.Ð ü  ÐHallóó,€790€S.W.2d€293,€294€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1990).€€A€prior€judgment€or€decree€doesÐ  Ä Ðnot€prohibit€the€later€consideration€of€rights€that€had€not€accrued€at€the€time€of€theÏearlier€proceeding€or€the€reexamination€of€the€same€question€between€the€sameÏparties€when€the€facts€have€changed€or€new€facts€have€occurred€that€have€altered€theÏpartiesðð€legal€rights€and€relations.€€òòSee€White€v.€Whiteóó,€876€S.W.2d€837,€839„40Ð 0T Ð(Tenn.1994).€€òòóóÐ Ôø ÐÌà ` àThe€principle€of€claim€preclusion€prevents€parties€from€splitting€their€cause€ofÏaction€and€requires€parties€to€raise€in€a€single€lawsuit€all€the€grounds€for€recoveryÏarising€from€a€single€transaction€or€series€of€transactions€that€can€be€brought€together.€ÏòòSee€Bio„Technology€Gen.€Corp.€v.€Genentech,€Inc.óó,€80€F.3d€1553,€1563€(Fed.€Cir.Ð %,& Ð1996);€òòHawkins€v.€Dawnóó,€208€Tenn.€544,€548,€347€S.W.2d€480,€481„82€(1961);Ð ¬&Ð ( ÐòòVance€v.€Lancasteróó,€4€Tenn.€(3€Hayw.)€130,€132€(1816).€€The€principle€is€subject€toÐ P(t"* Ðcertain€limitations,€one€of€which€is€that€it€will€not€be€applied€if€the€initial€forum€didÏnot€have€the€power€to€award€the€full€measure€of€relief€sought€in€the€later€litigation.€ÏòòSee€Davidson€v.€Capuanoóó,€792€F.2d€275,€279€(2d€Cir.€1986);€òòCarris€v.€John€R.Ð <-`'0 ÐThomas€&€€Assocs.,€P.C.óó,€896€P.2d€522,€529„30€(Okla.€1995);€òòsee€also€Rose€v.Ð à.)2 ÐStalcupóó,€731€S.W.2d€541,€542€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1987)€(holding€that€a€subsequentÐ „0¨*4 Ðaction€was€not€barred€because€the€initial€court€did€not€have€jurisdiction€over€theÏclaim).€€Thus,€the€Restatement€of€Judgments€points€out:ÌÓ€Óà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà  àThe€general€rule€[against€relitigation€of€a€claim]€isÏlargely€predicated€on€the€assumption€that€the€jurisdictionÏin€which€the€first€judgment€was€rendered€was€one€whichÏput€no€formal€barriers€in€the€way€of€a€litigantððs€presentingÏto€a€court€in€one€action€the€entire€claim€including€anyÐ Ð9ô3> ÐÑ)+pÑâ )âÑÑÑ  ÑÑÀ°ÑÑdÜÑâ )âÑ  Ñtheories€of€recovery€or€demands€for€relief€that€might€haveÏbeen€available€to€him€under€applicable€law.€When€suchÏformal€barriers€in€fact€existed€and€were€operative€againstÏa€plaintiff€in€the€first€action,€it€is€unfair€to€preclude€himÏfrom€a€second€action€in€which€he€can€present€those€phasesÏof€the€claim€which€he€was€disabled€from€presenting€in€theÏfirst.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓ€ÓRestatement€(Second)€of€Judgments€ðð€26(1)(c)€cmt.€c€(1982).€€This€limiting€principleÏis€applicable€here.ÌÌà@ÙÙ.Dàò òB.ó óˆÐ ¬  ÐÌà ` àTwo€questions€must€be€answered€to€determine€whether€the€Liens€could€haveÏasserted€their€Tennessee€Consumer€Protection€Act€claims€in€the€Arkansas€litigation.€ÏFirst,€could€the€Liens€have€asserted€the€same€claims€against€the€Big€Ridge€EmuÏRanch€and€Ms.€Couch€under€Arkansas€statutory€or€common€law?€€Second,€could€theÏLiens€have€asserted€Tennessee€Consumer€Protection€Act€claims€in€the€ArkansasÏlitigation?€€If€the€answer€to€either€or€both€questions€is€yes,€then€the€Liens€cannotÏcontinue€their€Tennessee€lawsuit.€€If,€however,€the€answer€to€both€questions€is€no,€theÏArkansas€judgment€does€not€preclude€them€from€proceeding€with€their€TennesseeÏlawsuit€because€the€Arkansas€court€could€not€have€afforded€the€relief€they€are€nowÏseeking€in€the€Tennessee€proceeding.ÌÌà ` àThe€scope€of€the€Arkansas€deceptive€trade€practices€statutes€[Ark.€Code€Ann.Ïðððð€4„88„101,€„115€(Michie€1996€&€Supp.€1997)]€is€decidedly€narrower€than€that€ofÏthe€Tennessee€Consumer€Protection€Act€of€1977.€€While€both€statutes€prohibit€similarÏsorts€of€unfair€and€deceptive€practices,׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€the€power€to€file€suit€to€recover€damages€forÐ P-ì'. Ðviolations€of€the€Arkansas€statute€rests€almost€exclusively€with€the€Arkansas€AttorneyÏGeneral.€€òòSeeóó€€Ark.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€4„88„105(d)(6),€„113(a).€€Only€elderly€or€disabledÐ ˜04+2 Ðconsumers€have€a€private€right€of€action€under€the€Arkansas€deceptive€trade€practicesÏstatutes.€€òòSeeóó€Ark.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„88„204(Michie€1996).€€While€elderly€or€disabledÐ à3|.6 ÐÑ/ Ñâ /âÑÑÑ  ÑѰÀÑÑÜdÑâ /âÑ  Ñpersons€may€recover€punitive€damages€and€attorneyððs€fees,€òòseeóó€Ark.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„Ð Ü Ð88„204,€other€consumers€may€only€receive€ð ðascertainableðð€damages€in€suits€broughtÏby€the€Arkansas€Attorney€General€on€their€behalf.€€òòSeeóó€Ark.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„88„Ð $ H Ð113(a)(2)(A).€€ÌÌà ` àThe€record€before€us€contains€no€indication€that€the€Liens€are€elderly€orÏdisabled.€€Accordingly,€we€conclude€that€they€are€not€among€the€class€of€persons€whoÏhave€a€private€right€of€action€under€Arkansas€law€for€violations€of€the€ArkansasÏdeceptive€trade€practices€statutes.€€Consequently,€the€Liens€could€not€have€assertedÏcounterclaims€for€violation€of€the€Arkansas€deceptive€trade€practices€statutes€againstÏeither€the€Big€Ridge€Emu€Ranch€or€Ms.€Couch€and€could€not€have€recovered€eitherÏenhanced€damages€or€their€legal€expenses€in€the€Arkansas€proceeding.ÌÌà ` àEven€if€the€Liens€could€not€have€asserted€counterclaims€in€the€ArkansasÏproceeding€based€on€violations€of€the€Arkansas€deceptive€trade€practices€statutes,€itÏmight€be€argued€that€they€could€have€asserted€substantially€similar€common„lawÏclaims€and,€therefore,€that€their€failure€to€do€so€precluded€them€from€pursuing€theirÏTennessee€lawsuit.€€This€argument€fails€because€the€common„law€causes€of€actionÏavailable€to€the€Liens€are€not€comparable€to€those€available€under€the€TennesseeÏConsumer€Protection€Act.€€Consumer€protection€acts€and€deceptive€trade€practicesÏstatutes€are€intended€to€provide€broader€remedies€than€those€available€under€theÏcommon€law.€€òòSee€Associated€Inv.€Ltd.€Partnership€v.€Williams€Assoc.€IVóó,€645€A.2dÐ P(t"* Ð505,€510€(Conn.€1994);€òòConnor€v.€Merrill€Lynch€Realty€Inc.óó,€581€N.E.2d€196,€202Ð ô)$, Ð(Ill.€App.€Ct.€1991);€òòRoane„Barker€v.€Southeastern€Hosp.€Supply€Corp.óó,€392€S.E.2dÐ ˜+¼%. Ð663,€669€(N.C.€Ct.€App.€1990);€òòLatham€v.€Castilloóó,€972€S.W.2d€66,€69€(Tex.€1998).€Ð <-`'0 ÐThey€generally€dispense€with€the€element€of€actual€reliance€required€by€common„lawÏactions,€and€they€also€provide€for€a€broader€range€of€remedies.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð „0¨*4 Їà ` àThe€final€question€is€whether€the€Arkansas€courts€could€have€permitted€theÏLiens€to€assert€a€counterclaim€based€on€the€Tennessee€Consumer€Protection€Act€ofÏ1977.€€Tennessee€cannot€demand€that€its€laws€be€given€extraterritorial€effect.€€òòSeeÐ $ H ÐBMW€of€N.€Am.,€Inc.€v.€Goreóó,€517€U.S.€559,€572,€116€S.€Ct.€1589,€1597€(1996)òòóó.€Ð È ì ÐHowever,€courts€in€other€states€will,€as€a€matter€of€comity,€recognize€and€enforceÏapplicable€civil€laws€of€other€states€if€these€laws€properly€govern€an€asserted€claimÏor€defense€within€the€forum€state.€€òòSee€Bird€v.€Keyóó,€67€Tenn.€366,€368€(1875);€òòSmithÐ ´Ø  Ðv.€Firemens€Ins.€Co.óó,€590€A.2d€24,€27€(Pa.€Super.€Ct.€1991).€€Ð X|  ÐÌà ` àArkansas€follows€the€practice€of€comity€where€Arkansas€has€statutes€orÏcommon€law€policies€similar€to€those€of€the€foreign€state€law€sought€to€be€relied€uponÏby€the€litigant.€€òòSee€St.€Louis€&€S.F.€Ry.€Co.€v.€Brownóó,€35€S.W.€225,€226€(Ark.€1896);Ð è  Ðòòoverruled€on€other€groundsóó,€òòMalone€&€Hyde,€Inc.€v.€Ô_ÔChisleyÔ_Ôóó,€825€S.W.2d€558„560Ð Œ° Ð(Ark.€1992).€€As€a€general€matter,€Arkansas€courts€decline€to€enforce€the€laws€ofÏother€states€if€they€decide€that€these€laws€contravene€the€established€public€policy€inÏArkansas,€òòsee€Sutherland€v.€Arkansas€Depððt€of€Ins.óó,€467€S.W.2d€724,€726€(Ark.Ð xœ Ð1971);€òòBeauchamp€v.€Bertigóó,€119€S.W.€75,€79€(Ark.€1909),€or€if€they€determine€thatÐ  @  Ðthe€other€stateððs€law€is€penal.€€òòSee€Hinson€v.€Bond€Discount€Co.óó,€218€S.W.2d€75,€78Ð À!ä" Ð(Ark.€1949).ÌÌà ` àWe€have€failed€to€unearth€any€decisions€by€Arkansas€courts€in€which€they€haveÏeither€specifically€enforced€or€refused€to€enforce€another€stateððs€consumer€protectionÏlaws.€€However,€we€have€determined€that€the€Arkansas€courts€would€most€likelyÏrecognize€and€enforce€a€cause€of€action€based€on€the€Tennessee€Consumer€ProtectionÏAct€of€1977.€€The€similarities€between€the€substantive€provisions€of€the€two€statutesÏavoids€the€possibility€that€Arkansas€courts€would€find€that€Tennesseeððs€statuteÏconflicts€with€Arkansas€public€policy.€€Secondly,€the€substantive€provisions€of€theÏTennessee€€Consumer€Protection€Act€would€not€be€considered€penal€because€theirÏprimary€purpose€is€to€provide€a€remedy€for€the€enforcement€of€a€private€right.€€òòSeeÐ Ì3ð-8 ÐHinson€v.€Bond€Discount€Co.óó,€218€S.W.2d€at€78.Ð p5”/: Ðâ âÐ 781< ÐÑ+p Ñâ âÑÑÑ  ÑÑÀ°ÑÑdÜÑâ âÑ  Ñà ` àEven€though€we€have€determined€that€the€Arkansas€courts€would€recognize€aÏâ âcause€of€action€based€on€a€substantive€violation€of€the€Tennessee€ConsumerÏProtection€Act€of€1977,€it€does€not€necessarily€follow€that€the€Arkansas€courts€wouldÏafford€claimants€the€remedies€contained€in€the€Tennessee€statutes.€€The€ArkansasÏcourts€have€clearly€held€that€the€law€of€the€forum€governs€remedies€matters.€€òòSeeÐ ô  ÐHinson€v.€Bond€Discount€Co.óó,€218€S.W.2d€at€77.€€They€have€also€held€with€equalÐ ˜ 4  Ðclarity€that€the€recovery€of€attorneyððs€fees€is€a€remedial€matter€and€that€they€are€notÏrequired€to€enforce€another€stateððs€statute€permitting€the€recovery€of€attorneyððs€fees.€ÏòòSee€American€Physicians€Ins.€Co.€v.€Hruskaóó,€428€S.W.2d€622,€628€(Ark.€1968).Ð „  ÐÌà ` àArkansas€law,€as€we€understand€it,€would€not€permit€the€Liens€to€recoverÏattorneyððs€fees€if€they€prevailed€in€any€consumer€protection€action€under€ArkansasÏstatutory€or€common€law.€€Since€there€is€no€Arkansas€statute€permitting€the€recoveryÏof€attorneyððs€fees€by€parties€such€as€the€Liens,€the€Arkansas€courts€would€decline€toÏenforce€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„18„109(e)(1)€on€the€ground€that€it€is€a€penal€law.ÌÌà ` àWe€have€similar€doubt€that€the€Arkansas€courts€would€have€permitted€the€LiensÏto€claim€treble€damage€in€accordance€with€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„18„109(a)(3).ÏBecause€the€Liens€are€neither€elderly€nor€disabled,€they€have€no€right€under€theÏArkansas€deceptive€trade€practices€statutes€to€seek€punitive€damages.€€In€addition,€theÏtreble€damages€permitted€by€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„18„109(a)(3)€are€intended€to€beÏpunitive€rather€than€compensatory.€€òòSee€Smith€Corona€Corp.€v.€Pelikan,€Inc.óó,€784€F.Ð Ø't"* ÐSupp.€452,€483„84€(M.D.€Tenn.€1992),€òòÔ_ÔaffððdÔ_Ôóó,€1€F.3d€1252€(Fed.€Cir.€1993);€òòLorentzÐ |)$, Ðv.€Ô_ÔDeardanÔ_Ôóó,€834€S.W.2d€316,€320€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1992).€€Thus,€the€Arkansas€courtsÐ  +¼%. Ðwould€have€declined€to€enforce€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„18„109(a)(3)€on€the€groundÏthat€it€was€punitive.ÌÌà ` àEven€though€the€Arkansas€courts€would€have€permitted€the€Liens€to€assertÏcounterclaims€against€the€Big€Ridge€Emu€Ranch€and€Ms.€Couch€based€on€theirÏalleged€violations€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47„18„101(b)(7),€(9),€(10),€(21),€&€(27),€weÏhave€determined€that€they€would€not€have€permitted€the€Liens€to€recover€trebleÏdamages€or€their€attorneyððs€fees€if€they€had€been€successful.€€Accordingly,€theÏArkansas€courts€could€not€have€awarded€the€Liens€the€same€measure€of€relief€they€areÐ ä9€4@ Ðseeking€in€the€Tennessee€proceeding.€€Based€on€the€formal€barriers€in€the€ArkansasÏproceeding€to€the€Liensðð€full€recovery,€the€Arkansas€judgment€did€not€foreclose€theÏLiensðð€suit€in€Tennessee.€€It€would€be€unfair€to€preclude€them€from€pursuing€claimsÏhere€that€they€would€have€been€unable€to€pursue€in€the€Arkansas€proceeding.ÌÌà@-Dàò òIII.ˆà p àó óÐ ˜ 4  ÐÌà ` àWe€vacate€the€summary€judgment€dismissing€the€Liensðð€complaint€against€BigÏRidge€Emu€Ranch€and€Ms.€Couch€and€remand€the€case€to€the€trial€court€for€furtherÏproceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.€€ñ—ñOur€decision€relates€only€to€the€res€judicataÏissue€upon€which€the€trial€court€based€its€decision€and€should€not€be€construed€asÏforeclosing€Big€River€Emu€Ranch€and€Ms.€Couch€from€asserting€any€other€defenseÏavailable€to€them€in€the€Tennessee€proceeding.€€ñ—ñWe€tax€the€costs€of€this€appeal,Ïjointly€and€severally,€to€Big€Ridge€Emu€Ranch,€Inc.€and€Ruth€Couch€for€whichÏexecution,€if€necessary,€may€issue.ÌÌÓ€Óà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à______________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌHENRY€F.€TODD,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌMIDDLE€SECTION€ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEñ˜ñ€ÌÐ   0¨*/ Ðñ˜ñ¹Ñ8€ç¼»d¼»d8ÑÔ€„݉„»¼çÔñ˜ñò òà@¡ ¡ DàIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ d Ðà@ÜÜ)DàAT€NASHVILLEó óˆÐ Ìh ÐÔ‡¼ç»„„݉ÔÌÌSHIN€YI€(SUNNY)€LIENà À àà  à)Ð d  Ðand€wife,€ANN€LIEN,à h àà À àà  à)Ð |  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àPlaintiffs/Appellants,à À àà  à)Ð ¬ H Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àWilson€CircuitÐ Ä`  ÐVS.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àNo.€9230Ð Üx  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)ÌRUTH€COUCH,€individually,€andà  à)à p àAppeal€No.Ð  ¨  ÐBIG€RIDGE€EMU€RANCH,€INC.,à  à)à p à01A01„9609„CV„00398Ð $À  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àDefendants/Appellees.à À àà  à)Ð Tð ÐÌÔ#†„݉„»¼çþ\#Ôò òòòà@àà(DàJ€U€D€G€M€E€N€Tóóó óˆÐ „  ÐÔ€¼ç»„„݉ÔÌñ˜ññ’ñÔ‡Šqw ‹»¼zþÔñ’ññ˜ñÓ€Óà ` àThis€cause€came€on€to€be€heard€upon€the€record€on€appeal€from€the€WilsonÏCounty€Circuit€Court,€the€briefs€of€the€parties,€and€arguments€of€counsel.€€UponÏconsideration€of€the€entire€record,€this€court€finds€and€concludes€that€the€trial€courtððsÏjudgment€should€be€vacated.ÌÌà ` àIn€accordance€with€the€opinion€filed€contemporaneously€with€this€judgment,Ïit€is,€therefore,€ordered,€adjudged,€and€decreed€that€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€be€andÏis€hereby€vacated,€and€that€the€cause€be€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€furtherÏproceedings€consistent€with€this€courtððs€opinionññ.ññÌÌà ` àIt€is€further€ordered€that€the€costs€of€this€appeal€be€taxed€ñ˜ñññ___.ñññ’ññ‘ñÔ#†¼zþ» ‹Šqw0e#Ôñ‘ññ’ññ˜ññ‘ñjointly€and€severally,Ïto€Big€Ridge€Emu€Ranch,€Inc.€and€Ruth€Couch€for€which€execution,€if€necessary,Ïmay€issue.Ô‡ŠÑ ‹„„݉Ôñ‘ñÐ ´-P(* Ðñ˜ññ“ñÌà ` àENTER€_____________________.Ìñ“ññ˜ñÔ#†¼ç» ‹ŠÑe#Ôñ•ñÌñ•ñÌñ”ñÓ€Óñ”ñà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à__________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àHENRY€F.€TODD,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àMIDDLE€SECTION€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à__________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGE€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à__________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEñ˜ñ