WPC ]S&57,&to>^Zk}P:Z#`-V9,"QY~H/Ze)R&rr3:7.Ưd*onw0I,\ ƭZ$HnrY<ѿIY3-l=Ĕɴ_XL%Np;#p7j~w-[7tG0q5'VƞRÜr:aK8gX.ȐljBC$ rc୦-(B&~r~dz0c!o_v.4&4.o2 0EL 6ē\$යD#yx٬n|&$Ȳp-$EsRstbi\"*Gl~b?sT*VPE_;4|e޲\]8h~ 'H0ʕ R)UĐm(cg_b#\ % U@# 0c U N ^ 9 wE zI  4   m   ] #NEb 0 B 0 D3 D- 0K   AST 0m 0D AUHP LaserJet 4Si,,,,,,0(I Z(Times New Roman (`$.8dd8    ("  Z6Times New Roman Regularr(L  C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptڋF'$k1@*3|xULevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 - -(|G2[$ !.8dd8         0   d(|3A!$ !.8dd8     VVVV'dxd)!dxdx( $ Figure  1  ^_X`YE<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3A!$ !.8dd8     ($$   1  X[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK !.8dd8     _  8XXdd8  t@ utINTHECOURTOFAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @kk$ATNASHVILLE#tu+#Ԉ &   April2000Session L X(Xt #tXX(#DEWEYLINEBERRYv.JASONLOCKE,etal.X(Xt  J @@ AppealfromtheCircuitCourtforWilsonCounty  J @@No.9355and9431JimT.Hamilton,Judge  6 @@*AV) ` dE<` A   @@TTNo.M199902169_COA_ԄR3CVFiledJuly31,_2000_   AV) ` dE<|` A }     Acitizenwhoseprivatephotographsandvideotapeswereseizedintheexecutionofasearchwarrant x  suedthesheriffandadeputyforinvasionofprivacyandoutrageousconduct.Thetrialjudge d directedaverdictforthedefendantsatthecloseoftheplaintiffsproof.Becauseweagreethatthe P plaintiffdidnotproveeithercauseofaction,weaffirm. <  Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentoftheCircuitCourt d AffirmedandRemanded  P   #tX(#X(X.tBenH.Cantrell,P.J.,M.S.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichWilliamC.Koch,Jr. ( andWilliamB.Cain,JJ.,joined.  HenryClayBarry,Lebanon,Tennessee,Elliott_Ozment_,Nashville,Tennessee,andTroyBrooks,  Clarksville,Tennessee,fortheappellant,DeweyLineberry.  ThomasI.Carlton,Jr.andRebeccaWells_Demaree_,Nashville,Tennessee,fortheappellees,Terry ` _Ashe_ԀandJasonLocke. L  , OPINION #tXX([#X(Xt $"t!  I.  #L# #tXX(5 #X(Xt    OnJanuary12,1994,theWilsonCountySheriffsDepartmentexecutedtwosearchwarrants %$!% describingthehomeandofficeoftheplaintiff,DeweyLineberry.Thewarrants,obtainedbythe &"& districtattorneygeneral,commandedtheofficerstosearchforandseizeanaffixedtwowaymirror '"' locatedonthethirdflooroftheofficebuildingalongwithcameras,lenses,videotapes,recording (#( equipment,andanyrecordscatalogingtapedevents.Duringthesearchtheofficersfoundrevealing )$) photographsoftheplaintiffsgirlfriend,andvideotapesshowingtheplaintiffengagedinsexualacts p*%* withvariouswomen.Inordertoidentifywhatwasonthevideotapesfoundattheplaintiffshome, \+&+ theofficersviewedtheminthepresenceoftheplaintiffssonandothers. H,',  4-(-   Followingthesearch,thedistrictattorneygeneralinstructedoneoftheofficerstotryto  identifythewomeninthevideotapes.Inanefforttocomply,theofficer,DefendantJasonLocke,  showedthetapestoplaintiffsgirlfriendandanotherpersonwhoappearedinthescenestaped  throughthetwowaymirror. t   OnJanuary14,1994,alocalnewspapercarriedastoryabouttheeventssurroundingthe L  search.Thereporterquotedananonymoussourcedescribingthematerialsseizedas sexually 8  explicitphotosandtapesdepictingawidearrayofcarnalactivity.Thesourcealsosaid someof $ t theactivitywasapparentlyrecordedthroughatwowaymirrorlocatedinawaitingroomareaof  ` theofficebuilding...,and#tXX( #X(XtԀ Lineberry[theplaintiff]isshowninmanyofthephotosandvideos.  L  Thereporterrefusedtorevealhissource,andthesourcehasneverbeenidentified.  8  @) II.      Thisisnotanactionovertheexecutionofthesearchwarrant;ratheritisaboutrevealingthe   evidenceseizedinthesearch.Thecomplaintallegesthatrevealingtheevidenceamountedtoan   invasionofprivacyandoutrageousconductbecauseitwasdonemaliciously,willfully,and p oppressively. \   Thedistinctionwemakeisimportant,becausewecannotforeseeasherifforhisdeputies 4 incurringanyliabilitybyfollowingthecommandofafaciallyvalidsearchwarrant.Thesheriffs  p dutyistoexecutethewarrant,Tenn.CodeAnn.88201(5)(A),andthefailuretodosoisa  \ contemptofcourt,Tenn.CodeAnn.88207.Inaddition,policeofficersenjoyaqualified H immunity,whichprotectsthemfromliability!evenifthesearchwasunlawful!iftheofficerdid 4 notknowthesearchviolatedaclearlyestablishedright.Andersonv._Creighton_,483U.S.635   (1987).     Althoughthedefendantsraisedanimmunitydefense,thelowercourtdidnotexplorethe  questionofwhetherthesheriffsimmunityextendedtoeventsthatoccurredafterthesearch,and  thedefendantshavenotpressedtheimmunityquestiononappeal.Thepartieshavetreatedthis l complaintasstatingacauseofactionforordinaryinvasionofprivacyandoutrageousconduct, X  withoutregardtotheofficialpositionsofthetwodefendants.Wewilldothesame. D! 0   @^^((#(# III. #l! @AA!InvasionofPrivacy  $X"   Apersonhas therighttobeletalone;theright...tobefreefromunwarrantedpublicity. %0!$ _Langford_Ԁv.VanderbiltUniversity,287S.W.2d32,38(Tenn.1956).InMartinv.Senators,Inc.,418 &"% S.W.2d660(Tenn.1967),theCourtadoptedtheRestatementdefinitionofthetort: Apersonwho '#& unreasonablyandseriouslyinterfereswithanothersinterestinnothavinghisaffairsknowntoothers (#' orhislikenessexhibitedtothepublicisliabletotheother.RestatementofTorts867.TheCourt )$( alsoquotedthecommentswhichsaid: Itisonlywheretheintrusionhasgonebeyondthelimitsof |*%) decencythatliabilityaccrues.SeeRestatementofTorts867_cmt_.d. h+&* Ї  Thetorthasbeenfurtherdividedintofourseparateactsofthedefendant:(1)intrusioninto  theplaintiffsphysicalsolitudeorseclusion;(2)publicdisclosureofprivatefacts;(3)falselight;and  (4)appropriationofanothersnameorlikenessforadvertisingorotherbusinesspurposes.  Scarboroughv.BrownGroup,Inc.,935F.Supp.954,963(W.D.Tenn.1995).Theonlyconduct t assertedbytheplaintiffinthiscaseisthedefendantspublicdisclosureofprivatefacts. Public ` disclosurehastobeunderstoodinaparticularizedsense.InBeardv._Akzona_,Inc.,517F.Supp. L  128(E.D.Tenn.1981),theCourtsaidthat [_c]ommunication_Ԁtoasingleindividualortoasmall 8  groupofpeople,absent...[a]confidentialrelationship,willnotgiverisetoliability.517F.Supp. $ t at132.AtanotherplacetheCourtsaid(citingRestatement(Second)ofTorts652D_cmt_.a)that  ` publicdisclosuremeans communicatingittothepublicatlarge,ortosomanypersonsthatthe  L  mattermustberegardedassubstantiallycertaintobecomeoneofpublicknowledge.517F.Supp.  8  at133. $    Theevidenceofpublicationofthematerialsfoundinthesearchisthattheofficersviewed   someofthetapesatthesceneinthepresenceoftheplaintiffssonandpossiblytwootherpersons.   Theson,however,testifiedthathelefttheroom,andthereisnoevidencethattheotherpersons   presentsawwhattheofficerssaw.Inaddition,inanefforttoidentifysomeoftheotheralleged p  victimsoftheplaintiffsconduct,OfficerLockeshowedsomeofthetapestotwoofthewomen \ involved.TheplaintiffcomplainsofthepublicationofthestoryintheLebanonnewspaper,butthere H isnoproofthatthestorycamefromeitherofthedefendants. 4   Itisouropinionthatthelimitedexposureofthecontentofthematerialsseizedinthesearch  \ isnotsufficienttomakeoutacauseofactionfortheinvasionofprivacy.Inordertoproperly H executethesearchwarranttheofficershadtoviewthematerialtheyfound.Theydidnotrequire 4 anyoneelsetoviewthematthescene,nordidtheyinvitepublicscrutiny.OfficerLockeshowed   someofthetapestotwoofthewomeninvolvedintheactivity.Buttheirviewingcouldhardlybe   calledpublishingthematerial,sincebothwitnesseswerealreadyawareofwhathadbeengoingon  intheareaswherethefilmingtookplace.  @dd) IV. l @!OutrageousConduct  X    InDunnv.MotoPhoto,Inc.,828S.W.2d747(Tenn.Ct.App.1991),thisCourtreviewed 0"  theTennesseecasesthatledtotherecognitionofthetortofoutrageousconduct.TheCourtquoted #l! atlengthfrom_Medlin_Ԁv.AlliedInv.Co.,398S.W.2d270(Tenn.1966),which,inturn,quotedfrom $X" Restatement(Second)ofTorts46_cmt_.d: Liabilityhasbeenfoundonlywheretheconducthas $D # beensooutrageousincharacter,andsoextremeindegree,astogobeyondallpossibleboundsof %0!$ decency,andtoberegardedasatrocious,andutterlyintolerableinacivilizedcommunity.The &"% samecommentstatedthatitwasnotenoughthatthedefendant hasactedwithanintentwhichis '#& _tortuious_Ԁorevencriminal...oreventhathisconducthasbeencharacterizedbymalice.This (#' basicrequirementforestablishingthetorthasconsistentlyappearedinourcasessinceitfirst )$( appeared.SeeNewsomv.Textron_Aerostructures_,924S.W.2d87(Tenn.Ct.App.1995);_Bringle_ |*%) v.MethodistHospital,701S.W.2d622(Tenn.Ct.App.1985);Dunbarv._Strimas_,632S.W.2d558 h+&* (Tenn.Ct.App.1981);_Moorhead_Ԁv._J.C._ԀPenneyCo.,Inc.,555S.W.2d713(Tenn.1977);Swallows  v.WesternElectricCompany,Inc.,543S.W.2d581(Tenn.1976);Johnsonv.WomansHospital,  527S.W.2d133(Tenn.Ct.App.1975).    Ordinarilythequestionofwhetherthedefendantsactsare outrageousincharacterand ` extremeindegreeshouldgotothejury,Dunnv.MotoPhoto,Inc.,but [_i]t_Ԁisforthecourtto L  determine,inthefirstinstance,whetherthedefendantsconductmayreasonablyberegardedasso 8  extremeandoutrageousastopermitrecovery,orwhetheritisnecessarilyso.Restatement(Second) $ t ofTorts46_cmt_.h(quotedin_Medlin_Ԁv.AlliedInv.Co.,398S.W.2dat275);seealsoAlexanderv.  ` _Inman_,825S.W.2d102,105(Tenn.Ct.App.1991).Thus,manyofourcasesdismissoutrageous  L  conductclaims,eitheronsummaryjudgmentoratthecloseoftheplaintiffsproof.Newsomv.  8  Textron_Aerostructures_,924S.W.2d87(Tenn.Ct.App.1995);_Fann_Ԁv.CityofFairview,905 $  S.W.2d167(Tenn.Ct.App.1994);_Highfill_Ԁv.BaptistHospital,Inc.,819S.W.2d436(Tenn.Ct.   App.1991).     FormanyofthereasonsdiscussedinPartIVofthisopinion,weholdthattheplaintifffailed   toprovethatthedefendantswereguiltyofoutrageousconduct.Evenifthedefendantsintentionally p madepublicthematerialsfoundinthesearch,theirconductmightamounttoanothertort,butnot \ outrageousconduct. H @) V.   p   Theappellantraisedseveralissuesinhisbriefregardingtheexclusionofevidence,buthe H doesnotincludeanythingintheargumentsectionofthebriefabouttheseissues.Hedoesnotcite 4 theportionsoftherecordwheretheallegederrorsoccurred,nordoesheattempttoshowhowthe   trialcourtsactionsprejudicedhiscase.     ThisCourtisnotrequiredtosearchtherecordtofindtheproofreliedontosupportapartys  contentions.RedbudCooperativeCorp.v.Clayton,700S.W.2d551,557(Tenn.Ct.App.1985).  Therefore,wewillnotaddresstheseissues,asweassumethattheappellanthaswaivedthem. l   Weaffirmthejudgmentofthetrialcourt,andthecauseisremandedtotheCircuitCourtof D! WilsonCountyforanyfurtherproceedingsnecessary.Taxthecostsonappealtotheappellant, 0"  Dewey_Lineberry_. #l!    `     h   _________________________________________ &"%    `     h   BENH.CANTRELL,PRESIDINGJUDGE,M.S.