ÿWPC?  )L}SÇör` i™F‘òÄÂ6è2uÐÅd¥R%®k–zr ÛÎÐ÷PÁñ*­ÚhUNâÀ¬®,¾5riüQŠÔMÏfI+Í9æ\É^ÂÀIu‰›=0xtyЀréĺ ν:<÷”KCjò8³eaƒ(ŸQ3´´ÛA/a]TBÑ>"ω¯&×gB ¶à‹wY2ŒQ¤¯s.QdFvÿòlB–àšÜo?qïÌCJŽ’鸴!«æÃ¿ôyHŸ[¦¸/{ªGQEÂuMªQ±DËíøµD¾m-y«×«ÝZøã£1æBOd–ËÉ0û|íº²èYÚù<Šàq‘@™í‘,‹ŽT(~+[èEiœ^“þÁ’fµŒû £7x£ÂU“­ê–Ž* †zu`èñaÔ ÕÓÙ}õ§ Hüžl)šß[Pù¼MÌGò‚P:.Ž@¢r-È_)‡!n?þ+hÔÿÐçð®aÏþ¯á€–«‚Vp|𥾻´A˜VŒpÚ·Sy\ v:(b Âk›‚Ô4Ó½­•¸®÷v²’ÓÛ\œƒt@ æO ÞTw½–`©0©Ô‹â(3®û)˜.´R*•³—æÖÞŠ;Ó‡'#~uThÑVEÀF*)*# LU :W %‘ 0(—b ¿w@Ë4 L.z‚U:†††††††††††††††††††† AQÀÆ 0D× 0D 0D_ _ D/£ BÒ Bï D3 ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLlÎ, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡- ù - wxEyzE{|}T~Ó€‰ê‚_#xgular3|x‰C:\OFFICE\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT úÝ ƒ"¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ X¯–XXXÔÔ€ 4CX X¯–ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ X¯–X 4CÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€2,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular!"#$&Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxd düÿP Pd'''''ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýññ›ññѰÑÒ€°ÒÒ„°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ7€¯–XXdæXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ñò òÓ  Óñ‰ñññßr€ )<,(j 8` `€€@Eô ` 8ttxP,ð  rßñññ‰ññ‰ññ‰ññ‰ñññ›ñññ‰ññ‰ñ›ñ‰ñà@  êàÔ‡¼F¼XXÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÌñ‰ñœßt€ )>.*jxí` `€€@Eá!` 8ttxPð  tß›ñ‰ñà@¦¦(êàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†X¯–X¼¼FÔ#Ôó óˆÐ  ÐÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à à àà 8 àà  à)Ð È À Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àPlaintiff/Appellee,à à àà 8 àà  à)Ð ”Œ Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àAppeal€No.Ð zr  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è à01„A„01„9711„CV„00676Ð `X  МVS›.à Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ð F>  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àœPickett›€CircuitÐ ,$  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àNo.€896Ð   ÐMARLON€MADISON,€a€child€less€thanà  à)à è àà @ àà ˜ àà ð àà H! àà  # àÐ øð  Ðeighteen€years€of€age,à à àà 8 àà  à)Ð ÞÖ  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àDefendant/Appellant.à 8 àà  à)Ð ª¢ ÐÌÌà@Q Q êàAPPEALED€FROM€THE€CIRCUIT€COURT€OF€œPICKETT›€COUNTYˆÌà@&&#êàAT€œBYRDSTOWN›,€TENNESSEEˆÌÌà@  êàTHE€HONORABLE€JOHN€œMADDUX›,€JUDGEˆÌÌÌÌÌJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÌAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌÌCLINTON€J.€MORGANÌ425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌœ2d›€Floor,€œCordell›€Hull€BuildingÌNashville,€Tennessee€37243„0493Ìà Ø àAttorney€for€Plaintiff/AppelleeÌÌWANDA€A.€WHITEÌP.€O.€Box€556ÌœByrdstown›,€Tennessee€38549ÌÌGORDON€T.€œGERMAIN›ÌP.€O.€box€515ÌœMonticello›,€Kentucky€42633Ìà Ø àAttorneys€for€Defendant/AppellantÌÌÌÌà@||$êàREVERSED€AND€REMANDEDˆÌÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àà è àà @ àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌÌCONCUR:ÌTODD,€P.J.,€M.S.ÌKOCH,€J.ÌÓÓò òòòà@  (êàÔ‡î6°îXX¯–ÔO€P€I€N€I€O€NÔ#†X¯–Xîî6°° #ÔÔ‡¼F¼XX¯–ԈРš:’39 ÐÔ#†X¯–X¼¼F` #Ôóóó óÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€Juvenile€Court€of€œPickett›€County€found€a€juvenile€to€be€delinquentÏfor€selling€marijuana€to€a€classmate.€€He€appealed€to€the€Circuit€Court,€which€likewiseÏfound€him€to€be€delinquent,€and€placed€him€on€probation€with€the€Department€ofÏœChildrens›ðð€Services.€€We€reverse€the€Circuit€Court.ÌÌà@²²-êàò òI.ó óˆÐ ÐÈ  ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€undisputed€facts€of€this€case€are€as€follows:€€Marlon€Madison€wasÏin€the€œ11th›€grade€at€œPickett›€County€High€School.€€He€was€placed€in€an€alternativeÏschool€after€an€incident€involving€possession€of€drug€paraphernalia€and€suspicion€ofÏmarijuana€use.€€Shortly€after€entering€the€alternative€school,€Marlon€approachedÏanother€student€and€asked€him€if€he€wanted€to€buy€marijuana.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€student€told€a€school€official,€œVick›€œLowhorn›,€about€the€offer.€€Mr.ÏœLowhorn›€and€James€W.€Taylor,€principal€of€the€high€school,€began€an€investigation.ÏThey€gave€the€student€a€$20€bill€with€which€to€purchase€the€marijuana.€€An€exchangeÏwas€made€in€a€classroom€of€the€school,€with€Marlon€Madison€receiving€the€$20,€andÏthe€other€student€receiving€what€appeared€to€be€four€or€five€rolled€joints€of€marijuanaÏin€a€plastic€bag.€ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àDelinquent€proceedings€were€subsequently€brought€against€MarlonÏMadison€in€the€Juvenile€Court€of€œPickett›€County.€€After€a€non„custodial€assessmentÏof€Marlonððs€home€and€family€situation,€and€a€hearing€before€the€Juvenile€Court,€theÏyoung€man€was€found€to€be€delinquent,€and€was€placed€on€probation.€€The€probationÏterms€included€random€drug€testing,€a€drug€education€program,€drug€counseling,€andÏfifty€hours€of€community€service.€Ìâ âÐ ˜706 Ðà Ø àà 0 àThe€defendant€filed€an€appeal€for€a€de€novo€hearing€in€Circuit€Court,Ïâ âpursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„159.€€The€only€witnesses€called€at€the€hearingÏwere€James€W.€Taylor€and€the€student€who€made€the€purchase.€€The€defendantÏcross„examined€these€witnesses,€but€called€no€witnesses€of€his€own.€€After€theÏhearing,€the€trial€court€found€the€defendant€to€be€delinquent€ð ðfor€the€act€of€sellingÏmarijuana€upon€the€school€property,ðð€and€imposed€the€same€penalty€upon€him€as€hadÏthe€juvenile€court.€€This€appeal€followed.ÌÌà@zz,êàò òII.ó ó€ˆÐ  ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àA€minor€may€be€considered€delinquent€if€he€has€committed€a€delinquentÏact,€and€is€in€need€of€treatment€or€rehabilitation.€€A€delinquent€act€is€basically€an€actÏperformed€by€a€minor,€which€would€be€a€criminal€offense€if€it€were€performed€by€anÏadult.€€See€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„102.€ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àFor€purposes€of€the€criminal€code,€marijuana€is€classified€as€a€ScheduleÏVI€controlled€substance.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„415.€€The€sale€of€ð ðnot€less€thanÏone„half€(ðð)€ounceðð€of€marijuana€is€treated€as€a€Class€D€or€Class€E€felony,€accordingÏto€the€actual€amount€involved.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417(g).€€Simple€possessionÏor€casual€exchange€of€less€than€one„half€ounce€of€marijuana€is€treated€as€a€Class€AÏmisdemeanor.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„418.€€In€either€case,€it€is€a€criminal€offense.€Ï€€Ìà Ø àà 0 àThe€appellant€argues€on€appeal€that€the€State€failed€to€prove€that€theÏrolled€joints€contained€marijuana,€and€thus€did€not€meet€the€burden€of€proof€requiredÏto€find€that€the€defendant€had€committed€an€act€which€would€have€been€a€criminalÏoffense€if€committed€by€an€adult.€€He€refers€us€to€two€cases€in€the€Court€of€CriminalÏAppeals,€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€638€S.W.2d€827€(1982)€andòò€State€v.€œDoelman›óó,€620€S.W.2d€96Ð È7À04 Ð(1981).€€In€both€of€those€cases,€the€court€held€that€the€testimony€of€a€police€officerÐ ¨9 26 Ðwith€several€years€of€experience€in€detecting€marijuana€was€sufficient€to€support€aÏfinding€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€substance€in€question€was€indeedÏmarijuana.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àœAlthough€the€prosecution€could€have€easily€and€inexpensively€met€itsÏburden€of€identifying€the€substance€sold€by€Mr.€Madison,€it€failed€to€present€anyÏtestimony€by€a€police€officer,€or€by€any€other€expert€on€the€identification€of€marijuana.Ïñtññrñ€ñrññtñThe€appellant€insistsñsñIn›€the›€present›€case,›€there›€was›€no›€testimony›€by›€a›€police›€officer›€or›€by›€any›€other›€expert›€on›€the›€identification›€of›€marijuana.›€›€The›€appellant›€insistsñsñ›€that€without€such€testimony,€the€court€could€not€find€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt€that€Marlon€Madison€had€sold€marijuana€to€a€classmate.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àWe€believe€that€the€appellant€is€correct€as€to€the€burden€of€proof€that€theÏState€must€carry€on€the€underlying€offense€in€order€to€support€a€finding€ofÏdelinquency.€€In€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó,€574€S.W.2d€739,€741€(Tenn.€1978),€JusticeÐ ˆ€ МHarbison›€wrote:ÌÒ„ÒÓÓÒ0 €Òð ðAlthough€juvenile€proceedings€do,€in€many€ways,€partake€ofÏcivil€rather€than€criminal€proceedings,€the€juvenile€has€a€rightÏto€counsel,€confrontation€and€cross-examination€of€witnesses,Ïthe€privilege€against€self-incrimination€and€the€right€to€haveÏguilt€established€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€.€.€.€€€We€are€ofÏthe€opinion€that€similar€procedure€should€be€followed€when€aÏjuvenile,€charged€with€an€offense€which€would€constitute€aÏfelony€under€the€penal€code,€appeals€to€the€circuit€court€forÏtrial€de€novo.€.€.€.ððÌÒ€0 ÒÒ„ÒÓÓÌÌà Ø àà 0 àœñuñThe€appellant€concedes€that€selling€a€controlled€ñuññvññuñdñuññvññwñsubstance€is€aÏdelinquent€act,€but€he€does€notñwññxññwñ€oñwññxññzññyñcoñyññzññ{ñ€concede€that€he€was€selling€a€controlled€substance.€Ïñ{ñIt›€œñ|ñthus€ñ|ñappears›€to€us€that€the€State€did€not€produce€sufficient€evidence€at€the€trial€ofÏthis€case€to€support€a€finding€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€Marlon€Madison€hadÏsold€marijuana€to€a€classmate.€Ìâ âÐ Ø6Ð/3 Ðà Ø àà 0 àIt€is€true€that€another€portion€of€the€criminal€code€makes€it€a€Class€EÏâ âfelony€to€sell€a€ð ðcounterfeit€controlled€substance,ðð€that€is,€a€substance€which€isÏrepresented€by€the€seller€to€be€a€controlled€substance,€even€though€it€is€not.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€€39-17-423.€€However,€that€statute€refers€only€to€illegal€drugs€classifiedÏas€controlled€substances€under€Schedules€I,€II,€III€or€IV.€€It€does€not€appear€to€applyÏto€marijuana.€€€ÌÌà@zz,êàò òIII.ó óˆÐ (  ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€reversed.€€Remand€this€cause€to€theÏCircuit€Court€of€œPickett›€County€for€further€proceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.€ÏTax€the€costs€on€appeal€to€the€appellee.à@êê.êàˆÐ ¨  ÐÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à_________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌHENRY€F.€TODD,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌMIDDLE€SECTIONÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÐ  h.`'* ÐÑ  Ñò òà@êê.êàœÔ‡¼wÕ¼XX¹gÔñ~ñIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ  Ðà@™™(êàAT€NASHVILLEˆÌÌÌÌñ~ñó óÔ#†X¹gX¼¼wÕ²'#Ôñ~ñSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à à àà 8 àà  à)Ð v n Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àPlaintiff/Appellee,à à àà 8 àà  à)Ð VN Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àAppeal€No.Ð F> Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è à01„A„01„9711„CV„00676Ð 6.  МVS›.à Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ð &  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àœPickett›€CircuitÐ   Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àNo.€896Ð þ  ÐMARLON€MADISON,€a€child€less€thanà  à)à è àà @ àà ˜ àà ð àà H! àà  # àÐ öî  Ðeighteen€years€of€age,à à àà 8 àà  à)à è àReversed€andÐ æÞ  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àRemandedÐ ÖÎ Ðà Ø àDefendant/Appellant.à 8 àà  à)à è àРƾ ÐÌÔ‡¼wÕ¼XX¹gÔò òòòà@uu'êàJ€U€D€G€M€E€N€Tóóó óˆÐ ¦ž ÐÌÓÓÔ#†X¹gX¼¼wÕE-#Ôà Ø àà 0 àThis€cause€came€on€to€be€heard€upon€the€record€on€appeal€from€theÐ ÒÊ ÐCircuit€Court€of€œPickett›€County,€and€briefs€of€counsel;€upon€consideration€whereof,€thisÏCourt€is€of€the€opinion€that€in€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€there€is€reversible€error.Ìà Ø àà 0 àIn€accordance€with€the€opinion€of€the€Court€filed€herein,€it€is,€therefore,Ïordered€and€adjudged€by€this€Court€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€reversed.€ÏThe€cause€is€remanded€to€the€Circuit€Court€of€œPickett›€County€for€any€furtherÏproceedings€necessary€and€for€the€collection€of€costs€accrued€below.à H! àà  # àÐ &   Ðà Ø àà 0 àCosts€of€this€appeal€are€taxed€against€the€State€of€Tennessee.ÌÓÓÌÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àHENRY€F.€TODD,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àMIDDLE€SECTIONÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGE€ÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÐ ¢;š47 Ðñ~ññ|ñœñ|ññ~ñÔ€¼wÕ¼XX¹gÔœò òñ}ñà@ú ú êàñ}ñIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ  Ðà@™™(êàAT€NASHVILLEˆÌÌÌÌó óÔ‡X¹gXXX¹gÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à à àà 8 àà  à)Ð v n Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àPlaintiff/Appellee,à à àà 8 àà  à)Ð VN Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àAppeal€No.Ð F> Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è à01„A„01„9711„CV„00676Ð 6.  ÐVS.à Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ð &  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àPickett€CircuitÐ   Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àNo.€896Ð þ  ÐMARLON€MADISON,€a€child€less€thanà  à)à è àà @ àà ˜ àà ð àà H! àà  # àÐ öî  Ðeighteen€years€of€age,à à àà 8 àà  à)à è àAffirmedÐ æÞ  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àandÐ ÖÎ Ðà Ø àDefendant/Appellant.à 8 àà  à)à è àRemandedÔ#†¼wÕ¼XX¹gp4#ÔÔ‡X¹gXXX¹gÔРƾ ÐÌÔ#†¼wÕ¼XX¹g‰9#Ôò òòòà@uu'êàJ€U€D€G€M€E€N€Tóóó óˆÐ ¦ž ÐÌÓÓñ~ñÔ‡X¹gXXX¹gÔñ~ñà Ø àà 0 àThis€cause€came€on€to€be€heard€upon€the€record€on€appeal€from€theÐ ÒÊ ÐCircuit€Court€of€Pickett€County,€and€briefs€of€counsel;€upon€consideration€whereof,€thisÏCourt€is€of€the€opinion€that€in€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€there€is€no€reversible€error.Ìà Ø àà 0 àIn€accordance€with€the€opinion€of€the€Court€filed€herein,€it€is,€therefore,Ïordered€and€adjudged€by€this€Court€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€ÏThe€cause€is€remanded€to€the€Circuit€Court€of€Pickett€County€for€the€execution€of€theÏjudgment€of€that€Court€and€for€the€collection€of€costs€accrued€below.à H! àà  # àÐ &   Ðà Ø àà 0 àCosts€of€this€appeal€are€taxed€against€Carson€Madison,€Principal,€andÏCarolyn€Madison,€Surety,€for€which€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.ÌÓÓÌÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àHENRY€F.€TODD,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àMIDDLE€SECTIONÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGE€ÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEÌñ~ñÔ#†X¹gXXX¹gV:#Ô›