ÿWPCÔ Q˜Ù~n å¥¬Ñû ïô*öhÛ¿c:ÅÓ7‘Ñ4'×99‡­ÞùrÎÐɃ½¢¤`yâ(ʆ ÚˆŠ%%irt¹®¬ « üY8LîT¤>h• ל0Jg™æèfc¾Ë>]ÆC´áG¡Óé‹wGmdBÂE°wü¾«¼¦ºCNŒÐ÷ȶó¹Zô¯·w-W~ãñ)›?zúO—ÍŒvôЋ=§ÎýWCÌ°è›’ñ@2šømáªæ¥²Ä/öû~§,–¹M,.lY%U;@»,Ií§.CÍ¢ŒÑjD÷#pTóô¢'¿a<Ça°µ¹E³ë¸(’—º[Ù…‰£«*(8}¡œº€;BA,Ý¥-d]Û/ENÁzë©vx8ÝéÔÜuîÃw”Ði{t«³fCqÝYÊ·ÄõGeϼA'áòXaw1ìû¾mHnóëh2áèÌí‚Üx«NKïÇKrrĦ³2TG½¦X“èø¥^§è³¼_—PÁiûo´³iñE?¸j ÎßøDW#ÁÂUNƒ %Ñ 0S×^ * w6 4: N ] m_ U Nv v HÄ 0¶ 0D  j ñxxxU@iE©b ««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« B·˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 5eÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(ÆúI Z‹6Times New Roman Regular»(+bù$¡¡Ô€¼±”»XXÔÓ  Óz}R) sM)  3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular >Ý ƒS$ÝÔ€¼ݼ»»»ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôd4ò»¼ݼÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔòòHarvey€v.€Wolferóó,€No.€03A01„9512„CV„00452,€1996€WL€94819€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Mar.€6,€1996),€òòperm.€app.Ð ° Ðdeniedóó€(Tenn.€July€1,€1996).€€(GG2S$¤¤Ý ƒbù!ÝÔ€¼ݼ»»»ÔÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôd4ò»¼ݼÔ(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó  `Ý ƒS$ÝÔ€¼ݼ»»»ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôd4ò»¼ݼÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔMs.€McBeeððs€account€of€the€fall€differs€from€Ms.€Glaserððs.€€Ms.€McBee€asserts€that€Ms.€Glaser€was€standingÐ ° Ðmore€than€an€armððs€length€away€from€her€when€she€fell€and€that€Ms.€Glaser€offered€her€no€assistance€when€she€got€outÐ tÄ Ðof€bed.€€On€the€other€hand,€Ms.€Glaser€stated€that€she€had€ð ð[her]€right€arm€under€Ms.€McBeeððs€left€armpit€and€[her]€leftÐ 8ˆ Ðwas€on€Ms.€McBeeððs€left€forearm.ðð€€This€factual€dispute€is€not€material€in€light€of€our€conclusion€that€Ms.€McBee€wasÐ üL Ðrequired€to€rebut€the€summary€judgment€motion€with€expert€proof€regarding€the€applicable€standard€of€care€and€Ms.Ð À ÐGlaserððs€breach€of€that€standard.€€While€Ms.€Glaserððs€version€of€the€fall€may€be€more€favorable€to€Ms.€McBee€than€herÐ „Ô Ðown€account,€the€McBeesðð€counsel€has€insisted€on€basing€the€McBeesðð€case€on€Ms.€McBeeððs€version€of€the€incident. çÝ ƒS$ÝÔ€¼ݼ»»»ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôd4ò»¼ݼÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔòòMurphy€v.€Schwartzóó,€739€S.W.2d€777,€778€òòóó(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1986).(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman - ù - dÝ ƒbù!ÝÔ€¼ݼ»»»ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑÀ°ÑÔ‡ ¼ݼ»»¼ݼÔÔ‡ îÖ'î» ¼ݼÔÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ€ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ8€‘ÐXXdìdÈ8ÑIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ ° Ðà@@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#† ¼ݼ»î îÖ'ƒ#ÔÐ Ö& ÐÓ¢ÓÓ  ÓOctober€10,€2000€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡ X‘ÐX» ¼ݼÔÌò òÔ#† ¼ݼ»X X‘Ðò#ÔÔ‡ îÖ'î» ¼ݼÔTREA€D.€McBEE,€òòet€al.óó€v.€Ð úJ ÐÔ_ÔHCAÔ_Ô€HEALTH€SERVICES€OF€TENNESSEE,€INC.,€òòet€al.óóÔ#† ¼ݼ»î îÖ'8#ÔÔ‡ X‘ÐX» ¼ݼÔó óÐ  n ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ . ~ Ð98C„2496€€€€Walter€C.€Kurtz,€JudgeÐ  j ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<Ý` AßÐ Þ.  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2000„00271„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Filed€October€18,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_Ô€Ô#† ¼ݼ»X X‘Ð#ÔÔ‡ X‘ÐX» ¼ݼÔÐ Ù)  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<°` AßÐ ± Ðó óÔ#†X‘ÐXX X‘Ðd#ÔÔ#†¼ݼ»XX‘Ðà#ÔÔ€X‘ÐX»¼ݼÔÓ  ÓÌThis€appeal€involves€a€hospital€patient€who€was€injured€in€a€fall€two€days€following€surgery.€€TheÐ ¬ü Ðpatient€and€her€husband€filed€suit€against€the€hospital€in€the€Circuit€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ ˜è Ðalleging€that€her€attending€nurse€had€negligently€permitted€her€to€ambulate€without€adequateÐ „Ô Ðassistance€and€support.€€The€hospital€filed€a€motion€for€summary€judgement€supported€by€theÐ pÀ Ðattending€nurseððs€affidavit€stating€that€she€had€complied€with€the€applicable€standard€of€care€for€theÐ \¬ Ðpost„operative€ambulation€of€surgical€patients.€€The€patient€did€not€submit€any€countervailing€expertÐ H˜ Ðaffidavits,€and€the€trial€court€granted€the€hospitalððs€summary€judgment€motion.€€On€this€appeal,€the€Ð 4„ Ðpatient€asserts€that€she€should€not€have€been€required€to€file€countervailing€expert€affidavits€eitherÐ  p Ðbecause€her€complaint€was€based€on€simple€negligence€or€because€the€attending€nurseððs€negligenceÐ  \ Ðwas€so€plain€that€no€expert€testimony€was€required.€€We€find€that€the€patientððs€complaint€is€forÐ øH Ðmedical€malpractice€and€that€the€attending€nurseððs€conduct€is€not€so€plainly€negligent€that€it€obviatesÐ ä4 Ðthe€necessity€of€expert€proof.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€trial€court.Ð Ð  ÐÌò òà@°°ìàTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmedó óˆÐ ¨ø ÐÌòòWilliam€C.€Koch,€Jr.,óó€J.,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòBen€H.€Cantrell,€P.J.,€M.S.,óóÐ €!Ð  Ðand€òòWilliam€B.€Cain,€J.óó,€joined.Ð l"¼! ÐÌKaren€M.€Weimar,€J.€Todd€Faulkner,€and€Jack€A.€Butler,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellants,Ð D$”# ÐTrea€D.€McBee€and€Joe€W.€McBee.Ð 0%€ $ ÐÌMargaret€James€Moore,€Clarence€James€Gideon,€and€Thomas€Anderton€Wiseman,€III,€Nashville,Ð 'X"& ÐTennessee,€for€the€appellees,€HCA€Health€Services€of€Tennessee,€Inc.€d/b/a€Centennial€MedicalÐ ô'D#' ÐCenter€and€Columbia€Centennial€Medical€Center€d/b/a/€Centennial€Medical€Center.Ð à(0$( ÐÌÌò òÓ  ÓOPINIONó óÐ ¤+ô&+ ÐÓ˜ÓÌà  àOn€November€3,€1997,€Ms.€Trea€McBee€was€admitted€to€Centennial€Medical€Center€inÐ |-Ì(- ÐNashville€for€a€hysterectomy.€€One€of€the€registered€nurses€assigned€to€care€for€her€post„operativelyÐ h.¸). Ðwas€Leslie€Glaser.€€Two€days€following€the€surgery,€Ms.€Glaser€attempted€to€ambulate€Ms.€McBeeÐ ° Ðin€accordance€with€the€attending€physicianððs€instructions.€€The€first€attempt€was€made€atÐ œì Ðapproximately€10:00€a.m.€but€was€discontinued€when€Ms.€McBee€became€dizzy€and€ill.€€Mr.€McBeeÐ ˆØ Ðwas€present€on€this€occasion.€€Ms.€Glaser€again€tried€to€ambulate€Ms.€McBee€at€approximately€1:30Ð tÄ Ðp.m.€€Mr.€McBee€was€not€present€on€this€occasion.€€As€soon€as€Ms.€McBee€got€out€of€bed,€she€againÐ `° Ðbecame€dizzy€and€fell€fracturing€her€ankle.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð L œ ÐÌà  àMs.€McBee€and€her€husband€filed€a€complaint€against€Centennial€Medical€Center€and€itsÐ $ t Ðowner€in€September€1998.€€Over€one€year€later,€in€November€1999,€the€hospital€filed€a€summaryÐ  ` Ðjudgment€motion,€accompanied€by€Ms.€Glaserððs€affidavit€stating€that€she€had€complied€with€theÐ ü L  Ðapplicable€standard€of€professional€care€while€assessing€Ms.€McBeeððs€condition€and€duringÐ è 8  Ðambulation.€€€The€McBees€responded€to€the€motion€by€arguing€that€expert€proof€was€not€requiredÐ Ô$  Ðbecause€their€action€sounded€in€simple€negligence€and€not€medical€malpractice.€€On€January€4,€2000,Ð À  Ðthe€trial€court€granted€the€hospitalððs€motion€and€dismissed€the€McBeesðð€complaint.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌÓ  Óò òI.ó óÐ „Ô  ÐÓÀÓÌà  àSummary€judgments€enable€courts€to€conclude€cases€that€can€and€should€be€resolved€onÐ \¬ Ðdispositive€legal€issues.€€òòSeeóó€òòByrd€v.€Hallóó,€847€S.W.2d€208,€210€(Tenn.€1993);€òòAirport€Props.€Ltd.Ð H˜ Ðv.€Gulf€Coast€Dev.,€Inc.óó,€900€S.W.2d€695,€697€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1995).€€They€are€appropriate€onlyÐ 4„ Ðwhen€the€facts€material€to€the€dispositive€legal€issues€are€undisputed.€€Accordingly,€they€should€notÐ  p Ðbe€used€to€resolve€factual€disputes€or€to€determine€the€factual€inferences€that€should€be€drawn€fromÐ  \ Ðthe€evidence€when€those€inferences€are€in€dispute.€€òòSeeóó€òòBellamy€v.€Federal€Express€Corp.óó,€749Ð øH ÐS.W.2d€31,€33€(Tenn.€1988).Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àMedical€malpractice€cases€may€be€adjudicated€by€summary€judgment€in€properÐ ¼  Ðcircumstances.€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.g.óó,€òòDonnelly€v.€Walteróó,€959€S.W.2d€166,€168€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997);€òòEstateÐ ¨ø Ðof€Henderson€v.€Mireóó,€955€S.W.2d€56,€59„60€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997).€€In€order€to€be€entitled€to€aÐ ”ä Ðsummary€judgment,€the€moving€party€must€demonstrate€that€no€genuine€issues€of€material€fact€existÐ €Ð Ðand€that€he€or€she€is€entitled€to€judgment€as€a€matter€of€law.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.€56.04;€òòByrd€v.Ð l¼ ÐHallóó,€847€S.W.2d€at€210;€òòPlanet€Rock,€Inc.€v.€Regis€Ins.€Co.óó,€6€S.W.3d€484,€490€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.Ð X ¨ Ð1999).€€A€summary€judgment€should€be€denied,€however,€when€a€genuine€dispute€exists€with€regardÐ D!” Ðto€any€material€fact,€òòseeóó,€òòe.g.óó,€òòÔ_ÔSeaversÔ_Ô€v.€Methodist€Med.€Ctr.óó,€9€S.W.3d€86,€97€(Tenn.€1999)Ð 0"€  Ð(reversing€a€summary€judgment€in€a€medical€malpractice€action€because€of€the€existence€of€a€genuineÐ #l! Ðissue€of€material€fact),€€or€when€the€controlling€law€does€not€clearly€entitle€the€moving€side€to€eitherÐ $X" Ðescape€or€impose€liability.€€òòSeeóó€òòHogins€v.€Rossóó,€988€S.W.2d€685,€689€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1998)Ð ô$D # Ð(reversing€a€summary€judgment€where€the€law€did€not€support€the€moving€party).€Ð à%0!$ Їà  àOur€task€on€appeal€is€to€review€the€record€to€determine€whether€the€requirements€for€grantingÐ ° Ðsummary€judgment€have€been€met.€€òòSee€Hunter€v.€Brownóó,€955€S.W.2d€49,€50„51€(Tenn.€1997);Ð œì ÐòòAghili€v.€Saadatnejadióó,€958€S.W.2d€784,€787€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997).€€Summary€judgments€do€notÐ ˆØ Ðenjoy€a€presumption€of€correctness€on€appeal.€€òòSee€Nelson€v.€Martinóó,€958€S.W.2d€643,€646€(Tenn.Ð tÄ Ð1997);€òòCity€of€Tullahoma€v.€Bedford€Countyóó,€938€S.W.2d€408,€412€(Tenn.€1997).€€€€òòóóAccordingly,Ð `° Ðwhen€we€review€a€summary€judgment,€we€view€all€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÐ L œ Ðnon„movant,€and€we€resolve€all€factual€inferences€in€the€non„movantððs€favor.€€òòSee€Luther€v.Ð 8 ˆ ÐComptonóó,€5€S.W.3d€635,€639€(Tenn.€1999);€òòMuhlheim€v.€Knox€County€Bd.€of€Educ.óó,€2€S.W.3d€927,Ð $ t Ð929€(Tenn.€1999).€€A€summary€judgment€will€be€upheld€only€when€the€undisputed€facts€reasonablyÐ  ` Ðsupport€one€conclusion€ð!ð€that€the€moving€party€is€entitled€to€a€judgment€as€a€matter€of€law.€€òòSeeÐ ü L  ÐWhite€v.€Lawrenceóó,€975€S.W.2d€525,€529€(Tenn.€1998);€òòMcCall€v.€Wilderóó,€913€S.W.2d€150,€153Ð è 8  Ð(Tenn.€1995).€€€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àA€party€may€obtain€a€summary€judgment€by€demonstrating€that€the€nonmoving€party€will€beÐ ¬ü  Ðunable€to€prove€an€essential€element€of€its€case,€òòByrd€v.€Hallóó,€847€S.W.2d€208,€212„13€(Tenn.€1993),Ð ˜è  Ðbecause€the€inability€to€prove€an€essential€element€of€a€claim€necessarily€renders€all€other€factsÐ „Ô  Ðimmaterial.€€òòSeeóó€òòAlexander€v.€Memphis€Individual€Practice€Assððnóó,€870€S.W.2d€278,€280€(Tenn.Ð pÀ Ð1993);€òòStrauss€v.€Wyatt,€Tarrant,€Combs,€Gilbert€&€Milomóó,€911€S.W.2d€727,€729€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.Ð \¬ Ð1995).€€Accordingly,€a€plaintiff€should€not€take€a€summary€judgment€motion€lightly.€€òòSee€Poling€v.Ð H˜ ÐGoinsóó,€713€S.W.2d€305,€308€(Tenn.€1986).€€Rather€than€resting€on€their€pleadings,€a€plaintiff€mustÐ 4„ Ðrespond€with€appropriate€evidentiary€materials€demonstrating€that€there€is€a€genuine€issue€of€fact€forÐ  p Ðtrial.€€òòFowler€v.€Happy€Goodman€Familyóó,€575€S.W.2d€496,€498€(Tenn.€1978);€òòDellinger€v.€Pierceóó,Ð  \ Ð848€S.W.2d€654,€656€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1992).€Ð øH ÐÌà@……)ìàò òII.ó óˆÐ Ð  Ðà  àÌà  àA€plaintiffððs€burden€of€proof€in€a€medical€malpractice€case€is€governed€by€statute.€€Tenn.Ð ¨ø ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€29„26„115(a)(1)€(1980)€requires€the€plaintiff€to€present€evidence€of€ð ð[t]he€recognizedÐ ”ä Ðstandard€of€acceptable€professional€practice€in€the€profession€and€the€specialty€thereof€.€.€.€that€theÐ €Ð Ðdefendant€practices€in€the€community€in€which€he€[or€she]€practices€.€.€.€at€the€time€the€alleged€injuryÐ l¼ Ðor€wrongful€action€occurred.ðð€€Establishing€this€standard€of€care€and€a€health€care€providerððsÐ X ¨ Ðdeviation€from€that€standard€generally€requires€expert€proof.€€òòSee€Moon€v.€St.€Thomas€Hosp.óó,€983Ð D!” ÐS.W.2d€225,€229€(Tenn.€1998);€òòCardwell€v.€Bechtolóó,€724€S.W.2d€739,€754€(Tenn.€1987);òò€JenningsÐ 0"€  Ðv.€Caseóó,€10€S.W.3d€625,€627€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1999).€€However,€expert€proof€is€not€necessary€whenÐ #l! Ða€health€care€providerððs€negligence€is€so€obvious€that€it€comes€within€the€common€knowledge€of€layÐ $X" Ðpersons.€€òòKennedy€v.€Holderóó,€1€S.W.3d€670,€672€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1999);€òòAyers€v.€Rutherford€Hosp.,Ð ô$D # ÐInc.óó,€689€S.W.2d€155,€160€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.1984).Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àThe€McBees€assert€that€there€are€two€reasons€why€they€should€not€be€required€to€presentÐ ¸'#& Ðexpert€testimony€to€contradict€Ms.€Glaserððs€affidavit.€€First,€they€insist€that€the€rules€governingÐ ¤(ô#' Ðmedical€malpractice€claims€do€not€apply€to€their€claim€against€the€hospital€because€it€is€a€simpleÐ )à$( Ðnegligence€claim.€€Second,€they€insist€that€even€if€their€claim€is€a€medical€malpractice€claim,€theyÐ |*Ì%) Ðshould€not€be€required€to€come€forward€with€expert€testimony€because€Ms.€Glaserððs€negligence€isÐ h+¸&* Ðso€obvious€that€lay€persons€will€easily€discern€it.€€We€disagree€on€both€counts.Ð T,¤'+ Їà  àMost€actions€against€health€care€providers,€whether€they€sound€in€tort€or€contract,€fall€withinÐ ° Ðthe€coverage€of€the€medical€malpractice€statutes.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„26„102(6).€€However,€healthÐ œì Ðcare€providers€may€also€be€guilty€of€simple€negligence€when€their€acts€or€omissions€do€not€involveÐ ˆØ Ða€matter€of€medical€science€or€do€not€require€specialized€skills€that€are€not€ordinarily€possessed€byÐ tÄ Ðlay€persons.€€òòGraniger€v.€Methodist€Hosp.€Healthcare€Sys.,€Inc.óó,€No.€02A01„9309„CV„00201,€1994Ð `° ÐWL€496781,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Sept.€9,€1994),€òòperm.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€Jan.€3,€1995);€òòWilsonÐ L œ Ðv.€Southern€Hills€Med.€Ctr.óó,€No.€01A01„9211„CV„00460,€1993€WL€177155,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐMay€26,€1993)€(No€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€11€application€filed).Ð $ t ÐÌà  àBased€on€the€McBeesðð€version€of€the€facts,€this€case€does€not€involve€a€circumstance€inÐ ü L  Ðwhich€hospital€personnel€undertook€to€help€a€patient€and€then€ð ðdroppedðð€her.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€assessment€ofÐ è 8  Ða€surgical€patientððs€post„operative€ability€to€ambulate€and€the€choice€of€the€method€of€ambulationÐ Ô$  Ðinvolves€specialized€skill€and€training€that€is€not€ordinarily€possessed€by€lay€persons.€€Accordingly,Ð À  Ðwe€conclude€that€the€McBeesðð€claim€against€the€hospital€is€one€sounding€in€medical€malpractice,€notÐ ¬ü  Ðordinary€negligence.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àAs€an€alternative,€the€McBees€assert€that€they€should€be€permitted€to€take€advantage€of€theÐ pÀ Ðð ðcommon€knowledgeðð€exception€to€the€general€rule€requiring€plaintiffs€to€support€their€claims€€withÐ \¬ Ðexpert€proof.€€We€disagree.€€When€viewed€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€McBees,€this€is€not€aÐ H˜ Ðcase€in€which€a€health€care€provider€dropped€a€patient.€€The€proof€that€the€McBees€ask€us€to€acceptÐ 4„ Ðas€true€indicates€that€Ms.€Ô_ÔGlaserÔ_Ô€was€standing€more€than€an€arms€length€away€during€ambulation.€Ð  p ÐWhether€the€nurse€acted€beyond€the€acceptable€standard€of€professional€conduct€when€assessing€Ms.Ð  \ ÐMcBeeððs€condition€and€determining€the€proper€methodology€for€ambulation€is€not€as€blatant€as€a€ð ðflyÐ øH Ðfloating€in€a€bowl€of€buttermilk.ðð׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Nor€is€it€self„evident€that€the€injury€would€not€ordinarily€occurÐ ä4 Ðabsent€negligence.€€Accordingly,€the€trial€court€properly€granted€HCAððs€motion€for€summaryÐ Ð  Ðjudgment.Ð ¼  ÐÌò òÓ  ÓIII.ó óÐ ”ä ÐÓ3<ÓÌà  àWe€affirm€the€trail€courtððs€grant€of€summary€judgment€and€remand€the€case€to€the€trial€courtÐ l¼ Ðfor€whatever€further€proceedings€may€be€required.€€We€tax€the€costs€of€this€appeal€to€Trea€D.€McBeeÐ X ¨ Ðand€Joe€W.€McBee€jointly€and€severally,€and€their€surety€for€which€execution€may€issue,€if€necessary.Ð D!” ÐÌÌÔ‡ X‘ÐXXX‘ÐÔà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÔ#†X‘ÐXX X‘Ðà=#Ô_______________________________Ô€X‘ÐXXX‘ÐÔÐ $X" Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,€JUDGEà Ð à€