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B   0¤) D3Í D- 0K-- ASxÆË 0¤‘ 0D5 A«y˜HP LaserJet 5Ü,,,,Ü0»1‘u)â (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularfdJ)DjŸ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Ñ ° Ñ(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular- ù-(|G2ðû$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ Ü»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€X½KX»»Ô d(|3Á#$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ Ü»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Á#$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ Ü»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€§¤»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€¼§¤»»»ÔÑ€OY Ñà@¦ ¦ ìàIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@''%ìàAT€JACKSONˆÐ È Ðà@@@ìàJanuary€19,€2000€SessionˆÐ à0 ÐÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔÌò òÔ#†¼§¤»XX±Ãy#ÔÓ  ÓIn€Re€ESTATE€OF€W.O.€Ô_ÔMcINTYREÔ_Ô,€DECEASED,€MIKE€Ô_ÔBROWDERÔ_Ô,Ð è8 ÐADMINISTRATOR,€Ô_ÔC.T.A.Ô_ÔÐ  P ÐÌTERESA€BURNS€and€STACEY€KEITH€Ô_ÔMcINTYREÔ_Ô€v.€JANE€Ô_ÔMcINTYREÔ_ÔÐ 0 € ÐAND€MIKE€Ô_ÔBROWDERÔ_ÔòòóóÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ôó óÐ H ˜ ÐÓ¿ÓÌà@    ìàò ò€Direct€Appeal€from€the€Chancery€Court€for€Ô_ÔMcNairyÔ_Ô€CountyˆÐ P   Ðà@7 7 ìàNo.€P„303€€€€€€Dewey€C.€Ô_ÔWhitentonÔ_Ô,€ChancellorˆÐ @  ÐÌÌà@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` A߈Ð ` ÐÌà@7 7 ìàNo.€W1999„01700„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Filed€November€7,€2000€€ˆÐ _ ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<î` AßÐ ï? Ðó óÌà  àThis€is€a€will€contest.€€The€decedent€committed€suicide€after€writing€several€notes€in€whichÐ î> Ðhe€expressed€his€wish€that€the€bulk€of€his€estate€pass€to€his€wife€of€eighteen€years,€with€specificÐ Þ. Ðbequests€to€his€children.€€The€decedentððs€children€contested€the€validity€of€the€disposition,€arguingÐ Î Ðthat€the€decedent€lacked€testamentary€capacity€to€execute€a€will€at€the€time€that€he€wrote€the€notes.Ð ¾ ÐAfter€a€jury€trial,€the€jury€found€that€the€decedent€had€testamentary€capacity€and€that€the€handwrittenÐ ®þ Ðnotes€constituted€a€valid€holographic€will.€€The€€children€appeal,€arguingòòóó€that€the€burden€of€provingÐ žî Ðtestamentary€capacity€should€have€been€placed€on€the€willððs€proponents,€due€to€the€decedentððsÐ ŽÞ Ðdepression€and€resulting€suicide,€and€that€the€evidence€did€not€support€the€juryððs€verdict.€€We€affirm,Ð ~Î Ðfinding€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€its€instructions€on€the€burden€of€proof€and€that€there€is€Ð n¾ Ðmaterial€evidence€to€support€the€juryððs€verdict.€€Ð ^® ÐÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Chancery€Court€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ >!Ž ÐÌòòHolly€Kirby€Lillard,€J.Ô#†¼§¤»àX±Ãc#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX.¼§¤Ôóó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€Court,€in€which€òòAlan€E.€€Ô_ÔHighersÔ_Ô,€J.,óó€andÐ #n! ÐòòDavid€R.€Farmer,€J.óó,€joined.Ð $^" ÐÌTerry€L.€Wood,€Corinth,€Mississippi,€for€the€Appellants,€Teresa€Burns€and€Stacey€Keith€McIntyre.Ð î%>!$ ÐÌTerry€Abernathy,€Ô_ÔSelmerÔ_Ô,€Tennessee,€for€the€Appellees,€Jane€McIntyre€and€Mike€Ô_ÔBrowderÔ_Ô.Ð Î'#& ÐÌà@55'ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼§¤»XX±Ã$ #ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔˆÐ ®)þ$( ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼§¤»XX±Ãe #ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔÓ Óà  àThis€is€a€tragic€case€involving€the€contest€of€a€holographic€will.€€On€April€28,€1996,€fifty„six„Ð Ž+Þ&* Ðyear„old€W.O.€McIntyre€(ð ðMcIntyreðð)€€committed€suicide.€€He€was€survived€by€his€wife€of€eighteenÐ ~,Î'+ Ðyears,€Jane€McIntyre€(ð ðMrs.€McIntyreðð),€and€two€grown€children€from€a€previous€marriage,€daughterÐ n-¾(,ý÷ ÐTeresa€Burns€(ð ðTeresaðð)€and€son€Stacey€Keith€McIntyre€(ð ðKeithðð).€€€Prior€to€his€death,€McIntyre€wasÐ ° Ðin€a€state€of€extreme€depression,€stemming€in€part€from€his€relatively€recent€diagnosis€of€diabetes,Ð  ð Ðand€the€resulting€fear€that€his€health€would€worsen€and€leave€him€a€burden€to€his€family.Ð à Ðà  àPrior€to€McIntyreððs€death,€he€wrote€three€handwritten€suicides€notes.€€The€notes,€dated€MarchÐ pÀ Ð3,€March€13,€and€April€27,€1996,€were€entitled€ð ðW.€O.€McIntyre€Last€Wishes€Will€and€Notes.ðð€€InÐ ` ° Ðthem,€McIntyre€expressed€his€wish€that€everything€he€owned€go€to€his€widow,€with€the€exceptionÐ P   Ðof€a€$25,000€bequest€each€to€his€son€and€daughter.€€Mrs.€McIntyre€offered€the€notes€to€the€probateÐ @  Ðcourt€as€her€husbandððs€holographic€will.€Ð 0 € Ðà  àOn€June€6,€1996,€an€order€was€issued€admitting€the€holographic€will€to€probate,€andÐ `  Ðappointing€Mike€Ô_ÔBrowderÔ_Ô€(ð ðÔ_ÔBrowderÔ_Ôðð),€McIntyreððs€nephew,€as€administrator€of€the€estate.€€OnÐ P  ÐSeptember€10,€1996,€McIntyreððs€grown€children,€Teresa€and€Keith€(ð ðContestantsðð)€filed€a€lawsuitÐ ð@  Ðto€contest€the€will€against€Mrs.€McIntyre€and€Ô_ÔBrowderÔ_Ô€(ð ðProponentsðð).€€In€the€lawsuit,€they€assertedÐ à0  Ðthat€their€father€was€incompetent€to€make€a€valid€will€at€the€time€he€wrote€the€suicide€notes.€€TheÐ Ð  ÐProponents€filed€an€answer€denying€that€the€decedent€lacked€testamentary€capacity.€€Ð À Ðà  àTrial€was€held€before€a€jury€on€March€23€and€24,€1998.€€Mrs.€McIntyre€testified€that€theÐ  ð Ðdocument€which€had€been€tendered€to€the€probate€court€as€her€husbandððs€last€will€and€testamentÐ à Ðconsisted€of€three€notes€written€on€three€separate€dates.€€Her€husband€had€shown€her€the€first€noteÐ €Ð Ðshortly€after€he€wrote€it€on€March€3,€1996.€€She€found€the€second€note€on€the€morning€of€March€14,Ð pÀ Ð1996.€€At€her€husbandððs€request,€she€placed€the€first€two€notes€in€the€top€drawer€of€their€bedroomÐ `° Ðchest€of€drawers.€€The€last€note€was€left€by€her€husband€on€the€dining€room€table€on€the€day€that€heÐ P  Ðcommitted€suicide.€€Ô#†¼§¤»XX±ÃÄ #ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔShe€testified€that€she€was€positive€that€the€three€notes€were€entirely€inÐ @ ÐMcIntyreððs€handwriting.€Ð 0€ Ðà  àMrs.€McIntyre€testified€€that€her€husband€had€been€diagnosed€with€diabetes€a€couple€of€yearsÐ ` Ðbefore€his€death,€and€that€the€diagnosis€upset€him€considerably.€€Although€his€diabetes€could€€be€Ð P Ðcontrolled€by€pills,€McIntyre€worried€about€eventually€becoming€an€invalid.€€Ô#†¼§¤»XX±Ã7#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔMrs.€McIntyre€testifiedÐ ð@ Ðthat€Ô#†¼§¤»XX±ÃH#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ôin€the€six€months€or€so€preceding€her€husbandððs€suicide,€his€behavior€changed€remarkably.€€SheÐ à0 Ðsaid€that€he€began€to€sleep€a€lot€during€the€day,€spend€less€time€with€his€family,€and€was€not€asÐ Ð  Ðphysically€active€as€he€previously€had€been.€€Ô#†¼§¤»XX±Ã»#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔÐ À! Ðà  àMrs.€McIntyre€testified€that€on€March€1,€1996,€McIntyre€came€home€early€from€his€job€asÐ  #ð! Ða€river€boat€captain€because€he€was€so€depressed€that€he€felt€incapable€of€captaining€the€boat.€€Ô#†¼§¤»XX±Ã#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔAt€hisÐ $à" Ðemployerððs€insistence,€McIntyre€talked€to€a€counselor,€€Linda€Ô_ÔLaneyÔ_Ô€(ð ðÔ_ÔLaneyÔ_Ôðð),€about€his€depression.Ð €%Ð # ÐHe€met€with€Ô_ÔLaneyÔ_Ô€twice,€on€March€7,€1996,€€and€again€on€March€8,€1996.€€On€March€13,€1996,Ð p&À!$ ÐMrs.€McIntyre€met€with€Ô_ÔLaneyÔ_Ô€and€told€her€that€she€was€afraid€to€leave€her€husband€alone,€for€fearÐ `'°"% Ðthat€he€would€commit€suicide.€€Ô_ÔLaneyÔ_Ô€recommended€that€McIntyre€be€hospitalized€for€treatment€ofÐ P( #& Ðhis€depression,€and€she€scheduled€an€ð ðinterventionðð€for€the€next€morning,€March€14.€On€the€morningÐ @)$' Ðof€the€intervention,€Mrs.€McIntyre€found€McIntyreððs€second€suicide€note,€dated€March€13,€1996.€Ð 0*€%( ÐMcIntyre€was€hospitalized€later€that€day.€Ð  +p&) Ðà  àShortly€after€he€was€released€from€the€hospital,€McIntyre€returned€to€work.€€He€hadÐ ° Ðrequested,€and€received,€a€demotion€from€captain€to€pilot.€€However,€on€Friday,€April€26,€€he€againÐ  ð Ðleft€the€boat€early€to€return€home.€€Mrs.€McIntyre€testified€that€McIntyre€committed€suicide€onÐ à ÐSunday,€April€28,€while€she€was€away€from€home.€€When€she€came€home€that€day,€she€found€theÐ €Ð Ðlast€suicide€note,€dated€Saturday,€April€27.€€In€her€testimony,€Mrs.€McIntyre€expressed€her€opinionÐ pÀ Ðthat€McIntyre,€although€clearly€depressed,€was€of€sound€mind€when€he€wrote€the€three€suicide€notes.€Ð ` ° Ðà  àÔ_ÔBrowderÔ_Ô,€McIntyreððs€nephew€and€the€administrator€of€his€estate,€testified€that€he€was€familiarÐ @  Ðwith€his€uncleððs€handwriting€and€that€the€holographic€will€was€written€entirely€in€his€uncleððs€Ð 0 € Ðhandwriting.€€Ô_ÔBrowderÔ_Ô€investigated€McIntyreððs€assets€and€found€they€were€essentially€the€same€asÐ  p  Ðthose€listed€in€the€notes.€€Upon€request,€Ô_ÔBrowderÔ_Ô€read€the€notes€aloud€to€the€juryÔ#†¼§¤»XX±ÃG#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ô.Ð `  Ðà  àThe€second€note€began€at€the€end€of€the€first€note,€on€the€same€paper.€€The€first€two€notes,Ð ð@  Ðtogether,€€read:Ð à0  ÐÓ Óà8  àSunday€March€3òòrdóó€96ÐÀÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àW.O.€McIntyre€€€Last€Wishes€Will€+€NotesРðÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àòòTo€All€that€I€Leave€BehindЀÐÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àóóà ` àÔ_ÔDieingÔ_Ô€[sic]€is€part€of€living€and€it€comes€to€us€one€and€all.€€To€me€it€is€notÐ `° Ðsuch€a€big€deal.€and€to€me€in€my€present€state€of€mind€it€would€be€a€Ô_ÔreleifÔ_Ô€[sic].€€IÐ P  Ðhave€talked€and€told€Jane€all€about€it€and€it€is€a€heavy€Burden€almost€more€than€I€canÐ @ Ðbear.€€To€those€that€I€leave€behind€do€not€Ô_ÔgreiveÔ_Ô€[sic]€for€me€because€if€I€am€no€moreÐ 0€ ÐI€am€Ô_ÔreleivedÔ_Ô€[sic]€of€my€pain€and€mental€anguish€+€turmoil.€€Ð pÐ Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àAs€all€of€you€know€I€am€a€diabetic€and€there€is€no€cure€for€that€only€control.€Ð ` ÐAlso€I€have€seen€other€people€get€old€and€become€invalids€+€not€be€able€to€take€careÐ P Ðof€themselvesð!ðand€be€dependant€on€familyð!ðhospitalsð!ðnursing€homes€and€I€do€notÐ ð@ Ðwant€that€for€myself.€and€Also€the€expenses€of€a€serious€sickness.€can€completelyÐ à0 Ðwipe€out€a€familyððs€money.€+€savings.ÐÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àTeresa€and€Familyð!ðKeith€and€FamilyÐÀ!Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àI€have€been€having€suicidal€thoughts€and€if€I€do€this€(take€my€own€life)€I€wantÐ °"  ÐJane€to€have€everything€that€I€leave€behind.€€Because€she€is€the€one€that€will€beÐ  #ð! Ðaffected€and€hurt€the€most.€€And€has€been€a€dear€+€understanding€partner€in€life.€Ð $à" ÐAlso€she€will€need€it€allð!ðto€continue€her€life€and€if€there€is€any€left€at€her€time€ofÐ €%Ð # Ðpassing.€€I€want€you€all€to€have€your€share.€€Please€be€good€to€Jane€+€help€her€anyÐ p&À!$ Ðway€that€you€can.Ð`'°"%Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àTo€all€the€rest€of€my€familyÐP( #&Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àLorena€+€Bobby€+€Sherry€+€ChristieÐ@)$'Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àMike€+€Janet€+€kidsÐ0*€%(Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àMarie€+€Shawn.€€Vickyð!ðÔ_ÔRickyÔ_ÔÐ +p&)Ð Ð  ÐÐ  ,`'* Ðà8  àà ` àWhen€you€think€of€me€think€of€our€past€good€years€and€the€good€times€thatÐ ° Ðwe€all€had€in€years€past.€€I€do€when€I€reflect€back.РðÐ Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àMike€a€note€to€you.€€€You€have€been€one€of€the€best€relatives€as€a€friend€+€asÐ à Ða€personð!ðtruthfulð!ðhonestð!ðand€dependable€as€anyone€can€be.€€You€have€helped€meÐ €Ð Ðimmensely€in€the€sale€of€items€and€I€hope€that€I€always€made€it€worth€your€while.€Ð pÀ ÐI€hope€that€you€will€continue€to€be€that€kind€of€a€person.€€It€is€a€great€asset€as€thereÐ ` ° Ðare€not€a€lot€of€people€like€you€that€I€know.ÐP  Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àJane€my€Dearest€wife€€€I€love€you€and€am€so€sorry€for€even€thinking€theseÐ @  Ðthoughts€much€less€doing€them.€€If€my€body€is€found€+€Iððm€sure€it€will€be€please€haveÐ 0 € Ðmy€remains€cremated€and€no€funeral.€€I€want€no€one€to€feel€sorry€or€bear€remorse€forÐ  p  Ðmeð!ðA€few€willð!ðyou€the€mostð"ðand€let€life€go€on€as€if€I€were€on€the€boat.Ð` Ð Ð  Ðà8  àÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àMarch€13òòthóó€96ð!ðJane€I€have€given€this€constant€thought€and€there€seems€like€there€isÐ ð@  Ðno€way€outð!ðno€Ô_ÔreleifÔ_Ô€[sic]€other€than€to€go€on€to€the€maker.€€I€am€so€very€sorry€thatÐ à0  Ðmy€life€ended€this€way.€€Please€let€your€life€go€on€+€do€not€Ô_ÔgreiveÔ_Ô€[sic]€too€much€forÐ Ð  Ðme.€€It€seems€like€it€was€the€only€thing€that€I€could€do€to€end€my€personal€hurt.€ÐÀÐ Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àJane€our€investments€with€Ô_ÔH.J.Ô_Ô€Ô_ÔMaxedonÔ_Ô€are€as€follows€8€of€them.аРР Ðà8  à1.€€Investment€Company€of€Americaà0ÀÐ Ð àà0ÀÐ ÀÐ àà0pÐ Ð àà0ÈpÐ pÐ àà0 ÈÐ ÈÐ à27,781.00Рð Ð Ð  Ðà8  à2.€€Income€Fund€of€Americaà0hÐ Ð àà0ÀhÐ hÐ àà0ÀÐ ÀÐ àà0pÐ Ð àà0ÈpÐ pÐ àà0 ÈÐ ÈÐ à13,€419.Ðà Ð Ð  Ðà8  à3.€€Ô_ÔAMCAPÔ_Ô€Fundà0Ð Ð àà0hÐ Ð àà0ÀhÐ hÐ àà0ÀÐ ÀÐ àà0pÐ Ð àà0ÈpÐ pÐ àà0 ÈÐ ÈÐ à15,€061.ЀРРР Ðà8  à4.€€Ô_ÔR.I.C.Ô_Ô€Reality€Investment€Co.à0ÀÐ Ð àà0ÀÐ ÀÐ àà0pÐ Ð àà0ÈpÐ pÐ à€€à0 ÈÐ ÈÐ à5,€000.€ÐpÀ Ð Ð  Ðà8  à5.€€New€Economy€Fundà0hÐ Ð àà0ÀhÐ hÐ àà0ÀÐ ÀÐ àà0pÐ Ð àà0ÈpÐ pÐ àà0 ÈÐ ÈÐ à38,€404.Ð`° Ð Ð  Ðà8  à6.€€Ô_ÔSmallcapÔ_Ô€World€Fundà0hÐ Ð àà0ÀhÐ hÐ àà0ÀÐ ÀÐ àà0pÐ Ð àà0ÈpÐ pÐ àà0 ÈÐ ÈÐ à38,€094.ÐP  Ð Ð  Ðà8  à7.€€Ô_ÔEuropacificÔ_Ô€Growth€Fundà0hÐ Ð àà0ÀhÐ hÐ àà0ÀÐ ÀÐ àà0pÐ Ð àà0ÈpÐ pÐ àà0 ÈÐ ÈÐ à35,€228Ð@ Ð Ð  Ðà8  à8.€€Delta€Life€+€Annuity€Companyà0ÀÐ Ð àà0ÀÐ ÀÐ àà0pÐ Ð àà0ÈpÐ pÐ àà0 ÈÐ ÈÐ à55,€345.58Ð0€ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àTotalà0Ð Ð àà0pÐ Ð à€€€€€€€€€€à0ÈpÐ pÐ à€€€€€€€€€€228,€332.58Ð pÈÐ ÈÐ  ÐÌà8  àà ` àJane,€our€investments€with€Little€A€Ô_ÔAronÔ_Ô€Forsyth€he€works€now€or€did€takeÐ P Ðover€his€dads€business€at€Forsyth€motors€+€used€car€cases€in€Corinth€there€acrossÐ ð@ Ðfrom€Ô_ÔWrotensÔ_Ô€Hardware€(€+€his€sisterð!ðher€last€name€is€Morris)Ðà0Ð Ð  Ðà8  àW.O.€McIntyre€Pioneer€II€Account€No.€002„0964062547ÐÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àà ¸ àLatest€Ô_ÔAmmountÔ_Ô€[sic]€shown€on€paperwork€€€€€€€à0 Ð Ð à77,€110.44ÐÀ! Ð Ð  Ðà8  àÔ_ÔWOMCÔ_Ô€Pioneer€II€(IRA)€Account€No.€002„9200326488а" Ð Ð  Ðà8  à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Latest€Ô_ÔAmmountÔ_Ô€[sic]€shown€on€paperwork€€€€€€€à0 Ð Ð à16,€596.14Р#ð! 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ÐÌà8  àà ` àI€hope€you€saved€my€other€notes€+€wishesð!ðI€canððt€find€them.Ð`'°"%Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àòòSat€April€27òòthóó€96ð!ðóóJane€things€did€not€get€better€this€trip.€€I€got€off€the€boat€in€St.€PaulÐ @)$' Ðbecause€I€had€lost€my€nerve,€did€not€have€any€confidence€in€my€ability€to€handleÐ 0*€%( Ð(drive)€the€boat.Ð +p&)Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àIt€seems€like€that€I€am€deeper€in€this€black€hole,€and€no€hope€of€ever€comingÐ ,`'* Ðout.€€And€I€just€canððt€take€it.€€If€there€was€a€way€that€I€change€things€+€make€themÐ ° Ðbetter€I€would€Ô_ÔbeleiveÔ_Ô€[sic]€me.€€Ð ðÐ Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àPlease€give€or€see€that€Teresa€+€Keith€get€$25,000€a€piece€of€my€savings€+Ð à Ðinvestments€€€€I€have€always€wanted€them€to€have€something€when€my€life€was€over.€Ð €Ð ÐJane€I€love€you€so€much€+€really€am€sorry€€€I€know€of€no€other€way.ÐpÀÐ Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àYou€and€all€remember€my€better€years.€€I€know€that€no€one€can€understandÐ ` ° Ðthis€I€donððt€myself.€€but€it€is€bigger€than€me.ÐP  Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àBye€Ô_ÔByeÔ_Ô€To€AllÐ0 €Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àAnd€Please€Forgive€meÐ p Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h à(s)€W.O.€McIntyreÐ` Ð Ð  ÐÔ#†¼§¤»XX±Ã;'#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ôà  àà ` àÌÓ Óà  àAfter€reading€the€notes,€Ô_ÔBrowderÔ_Ô€acknowledged€that€McIntyreððs€personality€had€changed€inÐ ð@  Ðthe€last€six€months€of€his€life,€and€that€he€was€less€active€and€spent€less€time€with€his€grandson,€Clay.€Ð à0  ÐHowever,€he€did€not€believe€that€his€uncle€was€mentally€ill.€Ð Ð  Ðà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€Ô_ÔBrowderÔ_Ôððs€testimony,€the€Proponents€€moved€the€court€to€find€that€dueÐ ° Ðexecution€of€the€will€had€been€proven,€and€that,€consequently,€the€burden€of€proof€shifted€toÐ  ð ÐContestants€to€show€that€McIntyre€lacked€testamentary€capacity€when€he€executed€the€will.€€TheÐ à ÐContestants€argued€that€the€burden€to€prove€testamentary€capacity€remained€on€the€willððs€ProponentsÐ €Ð Ðbecause€of€€ð ðsuspicious€circumstancesðð€surrounding€the€execution€of€the€will,€namely€that€itÐ pÀ Ðconsisted€solely€of€the€testatorððs€suicide€notes.€€The€trial€court€ruled€that€the€Proponents€had€satisfiedÐ `° Ðtheir€burden€of€proving€due€execution€of€the€will,€and€that€the€burden€then€shifted€to€the€children€toÐ P  Ðshow€that€their€father€lacked€testamentary€capacity€at€the€time€he€executed€the€will.€€Ð @ ÐÔ‡Xr} XXX±ÃÔà  àThe€Contestants€then€presented€testimony€regarding€McIntyreððs€testamentary€capacity.€Ð  p ÐMcIntyreððs€grown€children,€Teresa€Burns€and€Keith€McIntyre,€indicated€that€McIntyre€had€been€aÐ  \ Ðvibrant,€energetic€man,€but€that€his€personality€dramatically€changed€in€the€six€months€prior€to€hisÐ øH Ðdeath.€€Teresa€testified€that,€in€the€six€months€prior€to€his€suicide,€McIntyre€was€frequently€unclean,Ð ä4 Ðunshaven€and€sloppily€dressed,€and€that€she€often€found€him€asleep€in€the€middle€of€the€day.€Ð Ð  ÐReferring€to€McIntyreððs€hospitalization€for€depression,€Teresa€testified€that€her€father€probably€triedÐ ¼  Ðto€ð ðfake€his€way€outðð€by€pretending€his€mental€state€had€improved.€€Keith€testified€that,€afterÐ ¨!ø ÐMcIntyre€was€released€from€the€hospital,€he€was€uncharacteristically€emotional€and€physicallyÐ ”"ä  Ðaffectionate.€€Both€Teresa€and€Keith€acknowledged€that€McIntyre€continued€to€appear€aware€of€whatÐ €#Ð! Ðhe€owned€and€continued€to€know€close€family€members€and€friends.€€Keith€acknowledged€that€hisÐ l$¼" Ðfather€and€stepmother€had€a€good€relationship.€€However,€Teresa€maintained€that€McIntyre€was€notÐ X%¨ # Ðof€sound€mind€when€he€wrote€the€suicide€notes€that€served€as€his€will.Ð D&”!$ Ðà  àLinda€Ô_ÔLaneyÔ_Ô€testified€about€her€counseling€with€McIntyre.€€She€said€that€she€saw€McIntyreÐ (l#& Ðtwice,€several€days€before€he€was€hospitalized.€€She€testified€that,€although€McIntyre€was€ð ðdeeplyÐ )X$' Ðdepressed,ðð€he€was€oriented€as€to€time€and€place,€recognized€Ô_ÔLaneyÔ_Ô,€and€knew€who€his€wife,€childrenÐ ô)D%( Ðand€other€family€members€were.Ð à*0&) Ðà  àPaul€King,€M.D.€(ð ðDr.€Kingðð)€testified€by€deposition€that€he€treated€McIntyre€during€hisÐ ° Ðhospitalization.€€He€diagnosed€McIntyre€as€suffering€from€ð ðmajor€depression€without€psychoticÐ œì Ðfeatures.ðð€€Dr.€King€said€that€McIntyreððs€belief€that€his€diabetes€was€ð ðterribleðð€was€an€ð ðirrationalÐ ˆØ Ðfeelingðð€but€not€a€delusion.€€He€testified€that€the€suicide€notes€were€the€result€of€McIntyreððsÐ tÄ Ðð ðirrational€feelingsðð€about€his€diabetes,€combined€with€ð ðrational€thinkingðð€about€his€family€and€theÐ `° Ðmanner€in€which€he€wanted€his€estate€divided.€€Dr.€King€stated€that€McIntyre€remained€oriented€asÐ L œ Ðto€time,€place€and€person,€did€not€become€out€of€touch€with€reality,€and€showed€no€signs€of€beingÐ 8 ˆ Ðpsychotic.Ð $ t Ðà  àAnother€psychiatrist,€Catherine€Morton€Greene,€M.D.€(ð ðDr.€Greeneðð)€testified€aboutÐ ü L  ÐMcIntyreððs€mental€state€after€reviewing€his€medical€records,€Linda€Ô_ÔLaneyÔ_Ôððs€records,€and€the€suicideÐ è 8  Ðnotes.€€Dr.€Greene€felt€that€McIntyre€was€having€ð ðirrational€thoughts€and€feelingsðð€when€he€wroteÐ Ô$  Ðthe€suicide€notes.€€Dr.€Greene€said€that€McIntyreððs€feelings€of€hopelessness€about€his€rather€mild€caseÐ À  Ðof€diabetes€demonstrated€that€he€was,€to€a€degree,€ð ðout€of€touch€with€reality.ðð€€She€opined€that€theÐ ¬ü  Ðfact€that€McIntyre€committed€suicide€demonstrated€that€he€was€not€thinking€rationally.Ô#†X±ÃX XXr}le#ÔÔ#†¼§¤»XX±ÃÕ_#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔÐ ˜è  Ðà  àAfter€deliberation,€the€jury€found€that€McIntyre€had€been€of€sound€and€disposing€mind€ò ò€ó óandÐ pÀ Ðhad€sufficient€mental€capacity€to€make€the€will.€€Consequently,€on€March€30,€1998,€the€trial€courtÐ `° Ðentered€an€order€€finding€that€the€holographic€will€ð ðwas€valid€in€all€respects,ððÔ#†¼§¤»XX±Ã™s#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ô€and€confirming€its€Ð P  Ðprevious€probate.€€In€response,€Contestants€filed€a€motion€for€a€new€trial.€€The€trial€court€denied€theÐ @ Ðmotion€on€June€30,€1998.€€The€Contestants€now€appeal€the€decision€of€the€trial€court.€Ð 0€ Ðà  àOn€appeal,€the€Contestants€argue€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€refusing€to€place€the€burden€ofÐ ` Ðproving€testamentary€capacity€on€the€willððs€Proponents,€due€to€the€ð ðsuspicious€circumstancesððÐ P Ðsurrounding€the€death€of€the€decedent.€€They€contend€there€was€no€material€evidence€supporting€theÐ ð@ Ðjuryððs€verdict€that€the€decedent€possessed€a€sound€and€disposing€mind€at€the€time€he€executed€theÐ à0 Ðwill.€€The€Contestants€also€argue€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€its€jury€instructions,€in€permitting€theÐ Ð  ÐProponentsðð€expert€witness€€to€testify€about€the€decedentððs€capacity€to€make€a€will,€in€permitting€theÐ À ÐProponentsðð€expert€witness€to€offer€opinions€not€rendered€to€any€degree€of€medical€certainty,€inÐ ° Ðallowing€a€letter€from€the€Proponentsðð€expert€to€be€admitted€into€evidence,€in€refusing€to€allow€theÐ  ð Ðjury€access€to€trial€exhibits,€and€in€permitting€the€Proponents€to€ask€leading€questions€of€theirÐ  à Ðwitness.€Ð €!Ð Ðà  àThe€Contestants€first€argue€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€ruling€that€the€burden€was€upon€theÐ `#°! ÐContestants€to€prove€that€McIntyre€lacked€testamentary€capacity.€€They€assert€that€McIntyreððs€willÐ P$ " Ðis€suspect€because€it€consists€of€suicide€notes€written€while€in€a€deep€depression€and€under€theÐ @% # Ðinfluence€of€a€delusional€belief€about€his€diabetes.€€They€argue€that€these€facts€amount€to€ð ðsuspiciousÐ 0&€!$ Ðcircumstancesðð€surrounding€the€execution€of€McIntyreððs€will,€and€that€consequently€the€burden€toÐ  'p"% Ðprove€testamentary€capacity€remained€on€the€willððs€proponents.€Ð (`#& Ðà  àThe€trial€courtððs€ruling€on€the€burden€of€proof€in€a€will€contest€case€is€a€conclusion€of€law,€Ð ð)@%( Ðwhich€we€review€òòde€novoóó,€with€no€presumption€of€correctness€attached€to€the€trial€courtððs€conclusionÐ à*0&) Ðof€law.€€ò òòòSee€Union€Carbide€Corp.€v.€Ô_ÔHuddlestonÔ_Ôó óóó,€854€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€87,€91€(Tenn.€1993);€ò òòòÔ_ÔZseltvayÔ_Ô€v.Ð Ð+ '* ÐMetropolitan€Ô_ÔGovððtÔ_Ô€of€Nashville€and€Davidson€Countyóóó ó,€986€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€581,€584€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.Ð ° Ð1998).ò òòòóóó ó€€€A€holographic€will€is€one€that€is€written€in€the€testatorððs€own€hand.€€To€be€prima€facie€valid,€Ð  ð Ðð ðthe€signature€and€all€its€material€provisions€must€be€in€the€handwriting€of€the€testator€and€hisÐ à Ðhandwriting€must€be€proved€by€two€(2)€witnesses.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€32„1„105€(1984).€€In€thisÐ €Ð Ðcase,€the€testimony€was€undisputed€that€the€suicide€notes€were€entirely€in€the€handwriting€ofÐ pÀ ÐMcIntyre€and€were€signed€by€him.Ð ` ° Ðà  àOrdinarily,€once€due€execution€of€a€will€has€been€proven,€the€burden€shifts€to€the€willððs€Ð @  Ðcontestants€to€prove€that€the€will€is€invalid€due€to€fraud,€lack€of€testamentary€capacity,€or€undueÐ 0 € Ðinfluence.€€This€Court€has€stated:Ð  p  Ðà8  àà ` àIn€a€will€contest€the€initial€burden€is€upon€the€proponent€of€the€will€to€showÐ P  Ðits€prima€facie€validity€and€this€is€a€question€for€the€determination€of€the€court.€€UponÐ ð@  Ðthe€proponentððs€satisfactorily€showing€prima€facie€validity,€the€burden€shifts€to€theÐ à0  Ðcontestant€and,€generally,€the€burden€is€upon€the€contestant€to€show€facts€relied€uponÐ Ð  Ðto€void€the€will.€€ÐÀÐ Ð  Ðò òòòÔ_ÔTaliaferroÔ_Ô€v.€Greenóóó ó,€622€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€829,€835€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1981),€òòoverruled€on€other€grounds€byÐ  ð Ðò òÔ_ÔMatlockÔ_Ô€v.€Simpsonóóó ó,€902€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€384,€386€(Tenn.€1995).€€ò òòòSee€alsoóóó ó€ò òòòHarper€v.€Watkinsóóó ó,€670€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_ÔÐ à Ð611,€628€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1983).Ô#†¼§¤»XX±Ã>u#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ô€A€testator€is€presumed€to€have€the€capacity€to€execute€a€will.Ð €Ð Ðò òòòÔ_ÔTaliaferroÔ_Ôóóó ó,€622€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€at€835.€€If€the€testator€has€previously€been€adjudicated€insane,€the€burdenÐ pÀ Ðto€show€testamentary€capacity€fall€upon€the€willððs€proponents;€in€all€other€cases,€the€burden€shiftsÐ `° Ðto€the€willððs€contestants€to€show€that€the€testator€lacked€testamentary€capacity.€Ô#†¼§¤»XX±Ãt‡#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ôò òòòHarperóóó ó,€670€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_ÔÐ P  Ðat€628€(quoting€ò òòòÔ_ÔParhamÔ_Ô€v.€Walkeróóó ó,€568€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€622,€624€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1978)).€Ð @ Ðà  àHowever,€where€ð ðsuspicious€circumstancesðð€are€shown€to€have€surrounded€the€execution€ofÐ  p Ðthe€will,€that€is,€circumstances€which€raise€doubts€as€to€whether€the€testator€understood€theÐ ` Ðsignificance€of€his€actions,€the€proponents€have€the€burden€of€coming€forward€with€evidence€that€theÐ P Ðtestator€had€the€capacity€to€execute€the€will:Ð ð@ Ðà8  àà ` àThe€rules€of€burden€of€proof€with€regard€to€testamentary€capacity€areÐ Ð  Ðsubstantially€similar€to€those€with€regard€to€undue€influence.€€Ordinarily,€there€existsÐ À! Ða€presumption€of€testamentary€capacity€once€the€prima€facie€validity€of€the€will€isÐ °"  Ðshown,€but€the€existence€of€suspicious€circumstances,€once€shown€by€the€contestant,Ð  #ð! Ðshifts€the€burden€to€the€proponent€to€come€forward€with€evidence€that€capacityÐ $à" Ðexisted,€whereupon€the€issues€go€to€the€jury.Ѐ%Ð #Ð Ð  Ðò òòòÔ_ÔTaliaferroÔ_Ôóóó ó,€622€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€at€837€(citations€omitted).ò òó ó€The€burden€to€show€the€existence€of€suspiciousÐ `'°"% Ðcircumstances€is€always€on€the€contestant€in€a€will€contest€case.€€ò òòòÔ_ÔKeaslerÔ_Ô€v.€Estate€of€Ô_ÔKeaslerÔ_Ôóóó ó,€973Ð P( #& ÐÔ_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€213,€217€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997).€Ð @)$' Ðà  àIn€this€case,€Contestants€argue€that€McIntyreððs€delusional€belief€about€the€severity€of€hisÐ  +p&) Ðdiabetes,€the€resulting€suicide,€and€the€fact€that€his€will€consists€of€suicide€notes,€amounted€toÐ ,`'* Ðsuspicious€circumstances€which€placed€the€burden€upon€Proponents€to€produce€evidence€ofÐ ° ÐMcIntyreððs€capacity.€€In€support€of€their€argument,€Contestants€rely€on€€ò òòòÔ_ÔGoodallÔ_Ô€v.€Crawfordóóó ó,€611Ð  ð ÐÔ_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€602€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1980)Ô#†¼§¤»XX±Ãž‰#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ôòòò ò€ó óóóand€òòò ò€Burrow€v.€Lewisó óóó,€142€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€758€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1940).€Ð à Ѐ€à  à€In€ò òòò€Ô_ÔGoodallÔ_Ôó óóó,€the€testator€was€an€eighty„two€year€old€man€who€had€suffered€a€stroke€whichÐ pÀ Ðcaused€a€degree€of€memory€loss.€€The€testator€executed€three€different,€mutually€exclusive€wills€inÐ ` ° Ða€period€of€less€than€five€years.€€ò òòòÔ_ÔGoodallÔ_Ôóóó ó,€611€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€at€602.€€The€last€will€favored€the€son€andÐ P   Ðdaughter„in„law€with€whom€the€testator€was€living€at€that€time.€€Under€the€last€€will,€nothing€was€leftÐ @  Ðto€the€testatorððs€other€€children.€€Shortly€after€executing€the€will,€the€€testator€suffered€another€€strokeÐ 0 € Ðand€died.€€€The€children€who€had€been€excluded€from€the€will€filed€a€will€contest€lawsuit€against€theÐ  p  Ðbeneficiaries€under€the€last€will,€arguing€that€their€father€lacked€testamentary€capacity€and€that€theÐ `  Ðwill€was€the€product€of€undue€influence.€€The€jury€found€the€will€to€be€valid.€€On€appeal,€theÐ P  Ðcontestants€argued€that€the€trial€court€had€erroneously€charged€the€jury€on€the€burden€of€proofÐ ð@  Ðregarding€undue€influence€and€testamentary€capacity.€ò òòòId.€óóó óat€604.€€The€contestants€argued€that€ð ðunderÐ à0  Ðthe€circumstances€of€this€case,€the€burden€should€have€remained€on€the€proponents€to€show€that€theÐ Ð  Ðtestator€had€the€requisite€mental€capacity€and€was€free€of€undue€influence€when€he€executed€hisÐ À Ðwill.ðð€ò òòòId.€€ó óóóThe€Court€in€òòò òÔ_ÔGoodallÔ_Ôó óóó,€quoting€ò òòòBurrow€v.€Lewisóóó ó,€142€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€758€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1940),Ð ° Ðdiscussed€the€burden€of€proof€in€a€will€contest€case:Ð  ð Ðà8  àà ` àThe€issue€here€is€between€the€general€rule€and€an€exception.€€The€rule€and€theÐ €Ð Ðexception€were€discussed€in€òòò òBurrow€v.€Lewisó óóó,€24€Tenn.€App.€253,€142€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€758Ð pÀ Ð(1940):Ð`°Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àð ðOrdinarily,€upon€proof€of€the€due€execution€of€the€will,€it€will€beÐ @ Ðpresumed€that€the€testator€knew€and€approved€its€contents;€but€whereÐ 0€ Ðthe€circumstances€are€such€as€to€excite€suspicion,€the€burden€ofÐ  p Ðshowing€affirmatively€that€the€testator€fully€understood€and€freelyÐ ` Ðassented€to€its€provisions€is€cast€upon€the€proponents.ðð€€24€Tenn.Ð P ÐApp.€at€259,€142€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€758.Ðð@` x` x Ðà8  àà ` àIn€òòò òBurrow€v.€Lewisó óóó,€the€suspicious€circumstances€were€these:€A€ninety€yearÐ Ð  Ðold€blind€man€on€his€deathbed€executed€his€will€by€making€a€mark€which€was€out€ofÐ À! Ðthe€ordinary€for€him;€an€hour€before€he€executed€the€will€he€failed€to€recognize€hisÐ °"  Ðconfidential€business€agent;€the€chief€beneficiary€under€the€will€who€had€been€actingÐ  #ð! Ðas€his€nurse€for€two€weeks€arranged€for€the€drafting€of€the€will€and€assisted€with€theÐ $à" Ðmanual€execution€of€the€paper.€€Ð€%Ð #Ð Ð  Ðò òòòId.óóó ó€at€604.€€The€ò òòòóóó óCourt€found€that€there€were€not€sufficient€suspicious€circumstances€in€ò òòòÔ_ÔGoodallÔ_Ôó óóó€toÐ `'°"% Ðwarrant€placing€the€burden€to€prove€testamentary€capacity€and€lack€of€undue€influence€on€the€willððsÐ P( #& Ðproponents.€€ò òòòId.€€Ð @)$' Ðà  àó óóóIn€òòò òBurrow€v.€Lewisóóó ó,€the€Court€discussed€examples€of€situations€in€which€suspiciousÐ  +p&) Ðcircumstances€were€found€to€exist,€such€as€where:Ð ,`'* Ðà8  àthe€testator€is€aged,€sick€and€infirm€or€unable€to€read€and€write€by€reason€of€blindnessÐ ° Ðor€illiteracy.€€In€such€cases€it€is€held€that€proponent€is€Ô_ÔoneratedÔ_Ô€with€the€burden€ofÐ  ð Ðshowing€that€the€testator€comprehended€the€fact€that€he€was€about€to€execute€his€willÐ à Ðand€understood€the€contents€of€the€paper.€€None€of€them€hold€that€the€burden€ofÐ €Ð Ðproving€testamentary€capacity€rests€upon€proponent€at€any€time€or€under€anyÐ pÀ Ðcircumstances.€€Except€when€insanity€is€shown€to€have€existed€prior€to€the€executionÐ ` ° Ðof€the€will€this€burden€rests€throughout€the€trial€upon€the€contestant.€.€.€.€.€The€betterÐ P   Ðpractice€is€undoubtedly€to€maintain€a€clear€distinction€between€the€burden€of€proofÐ @  Ðupon€the€legal€execution€of€the€will€in€cases€where,€by€reason€of€the€peculiar€factsÐ 0 € Ðappearing,€the€burden€of€showing€a€conscious€execution€of€the€will€free€fromÐ  p  Ðsuspicious€circumstances€is€placed€upon€the€proponent€and€the€general€burden€ofÐ `  Ðestablishing€insanity€and€undue€influence€which,€as€we€have€seen,€continuesÐ P  Ðthroughout€the€trial€to€rest€upon€contestants.Ðð@ Ð Ð  Ðò òòòId.€óóó óat€763„64.à ` àÔ#†¼§¤»XX±Ã“#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ôò òòòóóó óÐ Ð  Ðà  àÔ#†¼§¤»XX±Ã­¨#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔIn€ò òòòCurry€v.€Bridgesóóó ó,€325€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€87€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€€1959),€the€testator€committed€suicideÐ ° Ðshortly€after€execution€of€the€will,€and€was€found€to€have€testamentary€capacity.€€In€ò òòòCurryó óóó,€theÐ  ð Ðtestator€executed€a€will€in€which€he€established€a€trust€in€favor€of€€Union€University€in€Jackson,Ð à ÐTennessee.Ô#†¼§¤»XX±Ã©#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ô€€Forty„seven€days€later,€he€committed€suicide€Ô#†¼§¤»XX±Ãúª#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ôby€tightly€sealing€himself€into€a€hand„madeÐ €Ð Ðbox€in€which€he€had€rigged€fire€extinguishers€to€slowly€release€carbon€dioxide€gas.€€€In€the€willÐ pÀ Ðcontest€case€filed€by€the€testatorððs€relatives,€the€trial€court€granted€a€directed€verdict€to€the€willððsÐ `° Ðproponents.€€This€decision€was€appealed.€€After€considering€the€circumstances,€the€Court€of€AppealsÐ P  Ðfound€that€the€testator€ð ðwas€fully€capacitated€at€the€time€he€made€his€will€to€understand€what€he€wasÐ @ Ðdoing,€to€whom€he€wanted€bequests€and€devises€made,€and€the€way€and€manner€in€which€he€wantedÐ 0€ Ðthe€trust€administered.ðð€ò òòòId.€óóó óat€111.€€It€concluded€that€ð ðthe€deliberation€with€which€he€went€about€theÐ  p Ðpreparation€of€the€way€that€he€would€take€his€life€makes€it€clear€and€unmistakable€that€he€knew€theÐ ` Ðresult€of€his€act€and€knew€what€he€wanted€to€do,ðð€and€that€ð ðò òòòóóó óhe€died€just€like€he€wanted€to€die,€aloofÐ P Ðand€alone.ððò òòò€Id.€€ó óóóThus€McIntyreððs€sò òòòóóó óuicide,€in€and€of€itself,€does€not€necessarily€demonstrate€lack€ofÐ ð@ Ðtestamentary€capacity.€€ò òòòSee€idó óóó.;òòò òóóó óÔ#†¼§¤»XX±Ãk«#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ô€€ò òòòSee€also€In€re€Estate€of€Ô_ÔBonjeanÔ_Ôóóó ó,€413€Ô_ÔN.E.2dÔ_Ô€205,€208€(Ill.€App.Ð à0 ÐCt.€€1980)(ð ðThe€act€of€suicide,€or€attempted€suicide,€is€not,€per€se,€proof€of€insanity€or€insaneÐ Ð  Ðdelusionsðð).Ô#†¼§¤»XX±Ã­°#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ô€Ô#†¼§¤»XX±Ã²#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔÐ À! Ðà  àThe€Contestants€contend,€however,€that€even€if€McIntyre€was€generally€competent,€he€Ð  #ð! Ðsuffered€from€an€ð ðinsane€delusionðð€regarding€the€severity€of€his€diabetes,€and€that€this€delusionÐ $à" Ðmotivated€his€suicide€and€the€creation€of€his€will.€€A€person€is€said€to€suffer€from€an€insane€delusionÐ €%Ð # Ðð ðððwhen€he€conceives€something€extravagant€or€unreasonable€€to€exist€which€has€no€existence€exceptÐ p&À!$ Ðin€his€own€abnormal€imagination,€but€having€once€conceived€the€thing€or€conditioned€[sic]€to€exist,Ð `'°"% Ðit€is€impossible€to€reason€him€out€of€€it.ðððð€€ò òòòHelm€v.€Hayesóóó ó,€No.€Ô_Ô03A01Ô_Ô„9710„PB„00497,€1998€WLÐ P( #& Ð251766,€at€*€1€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€May€19,€1998)(quoting€ò òòòMelody€v.€Ô_ÔHamblinÔ_Ôóóó ó,€115€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€237€(Tenn.Ð @)$' ÐCt.€App.€1937)).ò òòòóóó ó€€ò òòòSee€also€In€re€Estate€of€Breedenó óóó,€992€P.2d€1167,€1170€(Colo.€2000)(defining€Ð 0*€%( Ðinsane€delusion€as€ð ðððpersistent€belief€in€that€which€has€no€existence€in€fact,€and€which€is€adhered€toÐ  +p&) Ðagainst€all€the€evidenceðððð)(quoting€ò òòòIn€re€Coleððs€Estateóóó ó,€226€P.143,€145€(Colo.€1924))Ô#†¼§¤»XX±Ã]²#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ô;€ò òòòIn€re€EstateÐ ,`'* Ðof€Diazó óóó,€524€Ô_ÔS.E.2dÔ_Ô€219,€221€(Ga.€1999)(insane€delusion€is€ð ða€delusion€having€no€foundation€in€factÐ ° Ðand€that€springs€from€a€diseased€condition€of€mindðð);€ò òòòIn€re€Estate€of€Weilóóó ó,€518€P.2d€995,€999€(Ariz.Ð  ð ÐCt.€App.€1974)(insane€delusion€is€ð ðððthe€conception€of€a€disordered€mind€which€imagines€facts€toÐ à Ðexist€of€which€there€is€no€evidence€and€the€belief€in€which€is€adhered€to€against€all€evidence€andÐ €Ð Ðargument€to€the€contraryðððð)(quoting€ò òòòEstate€of€Cookóó,€ó ó159€P.2d€797,€802€(Ariz.€1945)).€The€will€ofÐ pÀ Ða€testator€found€to€suffer€from€an€insane€delusion€will€not€be€held€invalid,€however,€unless€it€isÐ ` ° Ðshown€that€his€delusion€materially€affected€the€terms€and€provisions€of€his€will.€€ò òòòEstate€of€Breedenóóó ó,Ð P   Ð992€P.2d€at€1171;€ò òòòEstate€of€Weilóóó ó,€518€P.2d€at€999.Ô#†¼§¤»XX±Ãí·#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ô€Ô#†¼§¤»XX±Ã4¼#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔÐ @  Ðà  àAt€trial,€both€psychiatrists€agreed€that€McIntyreððs€persistent€belief€about€the€severity€of€hisÐ  p  Ðdiabetes€was€ð ðirrationalðð;€one€labeled€it€a€delusion,€the€other€would€not.€€Regardless,€there€was€noÐ `  Ðevidence€that€McIntyreððs€belief€about€his€diabetes€materially€affected€the€terms€of€his€will.€€Rather,Ð P  Ðthe€contestants€argue€that€it€motivated€the€creation€of€the€will.€€Under€these€circumstances,€we€findÐ ð@  Ðno€error€in€the€trial€courtððs€refusal€to€shift€the€burden€of€showing€testamentary€capacity€from€theÐ à0  Ðwillððs€Contestants€to€the€Proponents.€€Ð Ð  Ðà  àÔ#†¼§¤»XX±Ãw¼#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔThe€Contestants€also€argue€that€there€was€no€material€evidence€to€support€the€verdict€of€theÐ ° Ðjury.€€They€assert€that€no€reasonable€jury€could€conclude€that€McIntyre€was€of€sound€mind€at€theÐ  ð Ðtime€that€he€wrote€the€suicide€notes.€Ð à Ðà  àÔ‡Xr} XXX±ÃÔOur€review€of€this€issue€is€governed€by€Tennessee€Rule€of€Appellate€Procedure€13(d),€whichÐ pÀ Ðstates€that€ð ðfindings€of€fact€by€a€jury€in€civil€actions€shall€be€set€aside€only€if€there€is€no€materialÐ \¬ Ðevidence€to€support€the€verdict.ðð€€This€is€a€highly€deferential€standard€of€review,€requiring€us€ð ðto€takeÐ H˜ Ðthe€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€verdict,€assume€the€truth€of€the€evidenceÐ 4„ Ðin€support€thereof,€allow€all€reasonable€inferences€to€sustain€the€verdict€and€disregard€all€to€theÐ  p Ðcontrary.ðð€ò òòòJohnson€v.€Ô_ÔCargillÔ_Ô,€Inc.óóó ó,€984€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€233,€234€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1998)(citing€ò òòòHobson€v.Ð  \ ÐFirst€State€Bankóóó ó,€777€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€24€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1989)).Ô#†X±ÃX XXr}ÚÀ#ÔÔ#†¼§¤»XX±ÃŽ¿#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ô€If€there€is€any€material€evidence€to€supportÐ øH Ðthe€juryððs€finding€that€McIntyre€was€of€sound€and€disposing€mind€and€memory€at€the€time€that€heÐ øH Ðexecuted€his€will,€the€finding€will€not€be€disturbed€on€appeal.€ò òòò€See€Ô_ÔBrusterÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔEtheridgeÔ_Ôóóó ó,€345€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_ÔÐ è8 Ð692,€697€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1960).Ð Ø( Ðà  àÔ#†¼§¤»XX±ÃÌÄ#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔA€testator€is€deemed€to€have€testamentary€capacity€if,€at€the€time€that€he€executes€his€will,Ð ¸! Ðhe€is€able€to€know€and€understand€the€significance€of€his€action.€€òòò òIn€re€Estate€of€Elamó óóó,€738€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_ÔÐ ¨"ø  Ð169,€171€(Tenn.€€1987)Ô#†¼§¤»XX±ÃíÆ#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ô;Ô#†¼§¤»XX±Ã[È#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ô€€ò òòòÔ_ÔKeaslerÔ_Ô€v.€Estate€of€Ô_ÔKeaslerÔ_Ôó óóó,€973€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€213,€219€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997);òòò ò€Ô#†¼§¤»XX±ÃžÈ#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔÐ ˜#è! ÐHarper€v.€Watkinsóóó ó,€670€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€611,€628€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1983).€Generally,€all€that€is€required€toÐ ˆ$Ø" Ðshow€testamentary€capacity€is€that€the€testator€was€€aware€of€the€property€which€he€was€disposingÐ x%È # Ðof€and€the€manner€in€which€it€would€be€distributed,€knew€the€natural€objects€of€his€bounty,€andÐ h&¸!$ Ðunderstood€the€significance€of€his€disposition.€ò òòòMelody€v.€Ô_ÔHamblinÔ_Ôó óóó,€115€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€237,€242€(Tenn.€Ct.Ð X'¨"% ÐApp.€1937).€€Ô#†¼§¤»XX±ÃÉ#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ôð ðThe€testator€must€have€an€intelligent€consciousness€of€the€nature€and€effect€of€the€act,Ð H(˜#& Ða€knowledge€of€the€property€possessed€and€an€understanding€of€the€disposition€to€be€made.ððò òòò€EstateÐ 8)ˆ$' Ðof€Elamóóó ó,€738€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€at€171€(citation€omitted).€€A€strong€presumption€exists€that€the€testatorÐ (*x%( Ðpossessed€the€requisite€capacity€to€know€and€understand€his€actions€at€the€time€he€executed€his€will.€Ð +h&) Ðð ðInquiry€must€center€on€the€decedentððs€mental€condition€at€the€time€of€execution€of€the€will,€and€aÐ ,X'* Ðcontestant€must€introduce€strong€evidence€to€establish€a€lack€of€testamentary€capacity€at€the€time€ofÐ ° Ðthe€execution€of€the€will.ðð€€ò òòòÔ_ÔKeaslerÔ_Ôóóó ó,€973€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€at€217.€€à p àÐ  ð Ðà  àIn€this€case,€even€those€witnesses€who€expressed€the€belief€that€McIntyre€had€not€been€ofÐ €Ð Ðsound€mind€at€the€time€he€wrote€the€suicide€notes€acknowledged€that€McIntyre€always€knew€hisÐ pÀ Ðfamily.€€Ô#†¼§¤»XX±ÃHÌ#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔIn€the€notes,€McIntyre€listed€his€various€accounts€in€detail,€by€name,€account€number,€andÐ ` ° Ðlatest€account€balance.€€He€gave€Mrs.€McIntyre€detailed€instructions€on€the€location€of€his€savingsÐ P   Ðbonds€and€the€office€of€a€person€with€whom€he€had€placed€some€investments.€€Virtually€every€closeÐ @  Ðfamily€member€and€friend€was€mentioned€by€name.€€Moreover,€he€explained€the€reason€for€leavingÐ 0 € Ðthe€bulk€of€his€estate€to€his€wife,€writing€that€she€had€been€ð ða€dear€and€understanding€partner€in€life,ððÐ  p  Ðand€she€was€the€one€who€would€be€ð ðaffected€and€hurt€the€mostðð€and€would€ð ðneed€it€all.ðð€ð ðWhileÐ `  Ðproof€of€the€reason€for€making€a€disposition€is€not€necessary,€it€is€nevertheless€relevant€to€show€theÐ P  Ðtestator€knew€the€force€and€consequences€of€his€act.ðð€òòò òEstate€of€Elamóóó ó,€738€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€at€172.€€ClearlyÐ ð@  Ðthere€was€substantial€evidence€that€McIntyre€was€aware€of€the€property€of€which€he€was€disposingÐ à0  Ðand€the€manner€in€which€it€would€be€distributed,€the€natural€objects€of€his€bounty,€that€he€understoodÐ Ð  Ðthe€nature€and€effect€of€his€act.€€ò òòòSee€Melody€v.€Ô_ÔHamblinÔ_Ôó óóó,€115€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€at€242;€ò òòòEstate€of€Elamó óóó,€738Ð À ÐÔ_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€at€171.Ð ° Ðà  àThe€Contestants€also€argue€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€its€jury€instructions.€€The€ContestantsÐ à Ðsought€a€specific€instruction€on€suicide€which€stated€that€ð ða€personððs€will€is€not€valid€where€heÐ €Ð Ðmakes€it€in€contemplation€of€suicide,€and€under€the€influence€of€morbid€and€unhappy€feelings€whichÐ pÀ Ðin€fact€lead€to€his€suicide,€if€those€morbid€and€unhappy€feelings€deprive€him€of€testamentaryÐ `° Ðcapacity.ðð€€They€maintain€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€refusing€to€give€this€instruction.€€Ð P  Ðà  àThe€trial€court€is€afforded€discretion€in€the€substance€of€its€jury€instructions,€so€long€as€theÐ 0€ Ðinstructions€given€are€substantially€accurate€concerning€the€applicable€law.€€ò òòòMitchell€v.€Smithóóó ó,€779Ð  p ÐÔ_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€384,€390€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1989).€€The€trial€court€need€not€give€a€specific€instruction,€theÐ ` Ðsubstance€of€which€is€covered€in€the€general€charge€given€to€the€jury.€€ò òòòId.€€ó óóóIn€this€case,€the€trial€courtÐ P Ðinstructed€the€jury€that€it€should€consider€ð ðmatters€that€show€the€personððs€mental€condition€at€theÐ ð@ Ðtime€the€will€was€made,ðð€and€that€it€could€consider€the€ð ðpersonððs€appearance,€conduct,€declarations,Ð à0 Ðconversations€and€all€other€evidence€of€that€personððs€mental€condition,€both€before€and€after€the€willÐ Ð  Ðwas€made.ðð€€Ô#†¼§¤»XX±Ã#Ñ#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔWe€find€that€this€jury€instruction€was€sufficient,€and€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuseÐ À! Ðits€discretion€in€denying€the€Contestantsðð€requested€instruction€on€suicide.€€Ð °"  Ðà  àThe€Contestants€also€contend€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€permitting€the€Proponentsðð€expertÐ $à" Ðwitness,€Dr.€Paul€King,€to€testify€that€the€testator€had€testamentary€capacity,€and€in€allowing€him€toÐ €%Ð # Ðoffer€opinions€which€were€not€rendered€to€any€degree€of€medical€certainty.€€In€this€case,Ô#†¼§¤»XX±ÃhÝ#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ô€Dr.€KingÐ p&À!$ Ðtestified€as€a€treating€physician€and€as€an€expert€witness.€€He€testified€that€McIntyre€exhibited€noÐ `'°"% Ðsigns€of€psychosis,€and€was€always€oriented€as€to€person,€place€and€time.€€His€opinion€as€toÐ P( #& ÐMcIntyreððs€mental€state€was€based€on€his€evaluation€and€treatment€of€McIntyre€as€a€patient.€Ð @)$' ÐMoreover,€under€Rule€704€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence:€ð ðTestimony€in€the€form€of€anÐ 0*€%( Ðopinion€or€inference€otherwise€admissible€is€not€objectionable€because€it€embraces€an€ultimate€issue€Ð   +p&) Ðto€be€decided€by€the€trier€of€fact.ðð€€Under€these€circumstances,€we€find€no€error€in€the€admission€ofÐ ° ÐDr.€Kingððs€testimony.€€Ð  ð ÐÔ#†¼§¤»XX±ÃÒß#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ôà  àFinally,€the€Contestants€argue€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€permitting€the€Proponents€to€askÐ €Ð Ðleading€questions€of€a€witness,€€by€allowing€a€letter€from€the€Proponentsðð€expert€to€be€read€at€trial,Ð pÀ Ðand€by€refusing€to€allow€the€jury€access€to€certain€exhibits.€€All€of€these€issues€involve€evidentiaryÐ ` ° Ðmatters,€over€which€the€trial€court€has€broad€discretion.€Ô‡Xr} XXX±ÃÔ€òòò òDavis€v.€Hallóóó ó,€920€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€213,€217€(Tenn.Ð P   ÐCt.€App.€1995)(citing€ò òòòOtis€v.€Cambridge€Mut.€Fire€Ins.€Co.óóó ó,€850€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€439,€442€(Tenn.€1992));.€Ð P   Ðò òòòÔ_ÔCastelliÔ_Ô€v.€Lienóóó ó,€910€Ô_ÔS.W.2dÔ_Ô€420,€425€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1995).Ô#†X±ÃX XXr}÷ä#ÔÔ#†¼§¤»XX±Ã'ã#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤Ô€We€find€no€reversible€error€in€the€trialÐ < Œ Ðcourtððs€decisions€on€these€issues.€€€Ð < Œ  Ðà  àThe€decision€of€the€trial€court€is€€affirmed.€€Costs€are€assessed€against€the€Appellants,€TeresaÐ l  ÐBurns€and€Stacey€Keith€McIntyre,€and€their€surety€for€which€execution€may€issue,€if€necessary.€€Ð  \  Ðà  à€Ð ì<  Ðà  à€€€à0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð Ì ÐóóHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€J.м (#(# Ðà  à€€€Ð œì Ðà  àÔ#†¼§¤»XX±Ãðæ#ÔÔ‡X±ÃX»¼§¤ÔÌÌÔ#†¼§¤»XX±Ãê#ÔÔ€X±ÃX»¼§¤Ô