ÿWPC…$ #‡+d/¬öŽ7‹¹Å¿–ëû÷Ö¹Õ/â/l­/oQU&· a—ÄÍtñ"ÙŽ(hŸór–Ÿâ$y”¦ÀSˆò« a}:âòúì¬fŽÚpJÃÞ°©XUß0~h†ýèÜC^¢õ¤”ãìU<$ƒePBUGr‘¸ ¥X©TΖˆ7[oTÚ­á4Й§·°'ªˆî¤6 #RS°p¥¶lLÑNþEÛèBKMÂ$Ò>úŠg%%ó¯Î§ø”qn¥†›M„HÀ›y?rxYJOï®aüS8›4»b÷ê™ù¦éCÀÐ'ÒS™¥5|þˆƒ•„ìYG£™{¾sZÆŠruR ³`TX×'µzCCæŠ}Tˆ­ÁX¶hrè@Á¤CX;jOj?<ÙƸ٘Rz›ìŽÒÇ †ß¶éÓÖDƒÂšv«¡LüF¹Ep,×ÁÐ{¥ÑÍG÷ g*YÞ£6±;à‹ïíÔCj ƒòk5Xƒ¿‚êñÅקQç48ŒÇ’H«âÏ>•'âÓ΢HŒä¢¡û,ŽP‡ Àƒ 0ìHrq6®ë©R²i¼Ê¥wÓ@îÎVóÂå8†|‡7›‰ý)ˆ™ˆýz.,К ºgX°(úXÊ©çb#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ UN· w 4 z Ò— i x mz ‘ Æ™ Æ_ Æ% Æë 0D±NõUN÷ÕEE5ÀQõÊ Ð¡ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙbzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0ë‚‚‚‚ Bm m 0¤Š D3.! D-a! 0KŽ!Ž! ASÙ!Æ," 0¤ò" 0D–# A«Ú#˜HP LaserJet 8000 Series PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0»xh+â (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularm~g+bk1,£ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular ËÝ ƒRÓÃ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô›ù ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€lessor€of€the€land,€Harris€Hughes,€also€owned€a€cotton€gin.€€In€order€to€sublease€the€land,€Mr.€Lea€had€toÐ ° Ðget€Cold€Creek€to€agree€to€gin€a€certain€amount€of€cotton€with€Mr.€Hughes.€€The€amount€of€cotton€Cold€Creek€was€toÐ tÄ Ðprovide€was€dependent€on€the€amount€of€cotton€produced€by€Mr.€Lea.€ +Ý ƒRÓÃ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô›ù ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€reason€the€parties€divided€the€equipment€cost€by€five€is€unclear€from€the€record.€€However,€both€partiesÐ ° Ðagree€that€this€was€the€figure€in€the€offer. ¶Ý ƒRÓÃ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô›ù ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ °X°œXÓOn€appeal,€Mr.€Lea€argues€that€Cold€Creek€failed€to€provide€him€with€any€figures€regarding€overhead.€€At€trial,Ð ° ÐMr.€Burks€clearly€stated€that€the€parties€determined€in€advance€what€items€would€be€included€as€overhead€costs€and€whatÐ tÄ Ðthese€costs€have€been€in€the€past.€€Further,€when€asked€whether€Mr.€Burks€provided€Mr.€Lea€with€the€past€overheadÐ 8ˆ Ðnumbers,€Mr.€Lea€replied,€ð ðI€guess€so.ðð€€Under€our€standard€of€review,€we€are€unable€to€disagree€with€the€trial€courtððsÐ üL Ðfactual€findings€regarding€the€proof€on€the€overhead€issue.€€The€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€a€finding€thatÐ À ÐMr.€Lea€was€aware€of€the€past€overhead€costs€and€the€items€that€were€to€be€included€in€the€formula.€ ëÝ ƒRÓÃ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô›ù ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔMr.€Lea€testified€that€he€spent€$1,500€to€spray€his€crop€and€spent€$5,000€to€have€his€crop€custom€harvested.€ ÀÝ ƒRÓÃ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô›ù ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔCold€Creek€was€unable€to€use€its€equipment€to€harvest€its€own€soybeans€and€had€to€hire€a€third€party€to€harvestÐ ° Ðits€soybean€crop.€€Cold€Creek€did€not€include€the€costs€of€spraying€and€combining€its€soybeans€in€its€action€for€breachÐ tÄ Ðof€contract€and€could€not€have€properly€done€so.€€ ÿÝ ƒRÓÃ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô›ù ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔRule€6(a)(2)€states€that€the€ð ð[w]ritten€argument€in€regard€to€each€issue€on€appeal€shall€contain€.€.€.€[a]€statementÐ ° Ðshowing€how€such€alleged€error€was€seasonably€called€to€the€attention€of€the€trial€judge€with€citation€to€that€part€of€theÐ tÄ Ðrecord€where€appellantððs€challenge€of€the€alleged€error€is€recorded.€€Tenn.€R.€Ct.€App.€6(a)(2).€€€ —Ý ƒRÓÃ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô›ù ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔMr.€Burks€presented€the€exhibit€as€his€calculation€of€the€amount€Mr.€Lea€owed€under€the€contract.€€PursuantÐ ° Ðto€the€formula,€Mr.€Burks€took€the€total€value€of€the€equipment,€$573,944.56,€and€divided€that€figure€by€5,€producingÐ tÄ Ða€result€of€$114,788.91€as€the€cost€of€the€equipment€for€the€year.€€Mr.€Burks€then€divided€$114,788.91€by€the€totalÐ 8ˆ Ðnumber€of€acres€both€parties€farmed,€2488.€€He€listed€this€figure€as€$49.33.€€However,€the€correct€result€is€$46.14.€€WhenÐ üL Ðwe€multiply€$46.14€by€the€total€of€acres€that€Mr.€Lea€farmed,€280,€the€resulting€product€is€$12,919.20.€€This€is€the€trueÐ À Ðamount€of€the€equipment€cost€to€Mr.€Lea€under€the€formula€agreed€upon€by€the€parties.€€Mr.€Burks€presented€the€costÐ „Ô Ðas€$13,813.22,€as€he€relied€on€$49.33€as€the€correct€number.€€When€$12,919.20€is€subtracted€from€$13,813.22,€the€resultÐ H ˜ Ðis€$894.02.€€Therefore,€$894.02€should€be€subtracted€from€Cold€Creekððs€judgment.€€€- ù-(|G2ÓÃ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€CL»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô)ò»»Ô d(|3Mú$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€CL»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Mú$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€CL»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€@D»»d dÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼&9»»»ÔÑ8€2XXdê»»d 8ÑÑ  Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ‡î7&9ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼&9»îî7 #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓAugust€27,€2001€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡X}X»¼&9ÔÌò òÔ#†¼&9»XX}ò#ÔJAMES€E.€MOODY,€òòet€al.óó€v.€WILLIAM€LEA,€JR.€Ô‡X}X»¼&9Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Dyer€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€99„105€€€€€€R.€Lee€Moore,€Jr.,€Judge€Ð æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2000„02916„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Filed€November€7,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÓÓÓÓThis€appeal€involves€a€dispute€over€an€oral€contract€to€lease€farming€equipment.€€The€agreementÐ xÈ  Ðprovided€that€the€defendant€could€use€the€plaintiffððs€farming€equipment€for€an€amount€to€beÐ d´ Ðdetermined€by€a€formula.€€The€defendant€began€farming€his€land,€intending€to€plant€cotton,€when€theÐ P  ÐMississippi€River€rose€and€the€backwater€covered€his€property.€€Because€the€backwater€remained€onÐ <Œ Ðthe€land€for€such€a€long€period€of€time,€the€defendant€could€no€longer€grow€cotton;€he€had€to€growÐ (x Ðsoybeans€instead.€€Subsequently,€the€defendant€refused€to€pay€the€plaintiff€the€amount€the€plaintiffÐ d Ðclaimed€under€the€contract,€and€the€plaintiff€sued.€€The€trial€court€held€that€the€contract€wasÐ P Ðenforceable€and€that€the€defendantððs€performance€was€not€excused€by€the€doctrine€of€frustration€ofÐ ì< Ðcommercial€purpose.€€The€defendant€appeals€the€ruling€of€the€trial€court.€€For€the€reasons€below,€weÐ Ø( Ðaffirm€in€part,€reverse€in€part,€and€remand€the€case€to€the€trial€court€to€modify€the€judgment.€€€€Ð Ä ÐÓÌÓò òòòóóó óÔ#†¼&9»XX}i#ÔÔ‡X}X»¼&9ÔÓ®ÓÌò òÓÓTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmed€in€part;Ð ˆØ ÐReversed€in€Part;€and€Remandedó óÐ tÄ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼&9»àX}Ç #ÔÔ‡X}X.¼&9ÔDavid€R.€Farmer,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòAlan€E.€Highersóó€and€òòóóHòòolly€K.Ð L œ ÐLillard,€J.J.óó,€joined.Ð 8!ˆ  ÐÌJ.€Thomas€Caldwell,€Ripley,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€William€Lea,€Jr.Ð #`" ÐÌDouglas€W.€Wilkerson€and€W.€Lewis€Jenkins,€Jr.,€Dyersburg,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellees,€JamesÐ è$8 $ ÐE.€Moody€and€Cold€Creek€Ag€Pro,€LP€d/b/a€Cold€Creek€Farms.€Ð Ô%$!% ÐÓ± ÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼&9»XX}à #ÔÔ‡X}X»¼&9ÔÐ ¬'ü"' ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼&9»XX} #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X}X»¼&9Ôò òòòó óóóà  àAfter€graduating€college,€William€Lea€(Mr.€Lea)€began€working€full„time€with€Cold€CreekÐ „)Ô$) ÐFarms€(Cold€Creek),€a€Tennessee€general€partnership.€€Cold€Creek€is€a€farming€operation€doingÐ p*À%* Ðbusiness€in€Dyer€and€its€surrounding€counties.€€Mr.€Lea€worked€for€Cold€Creek€from€February€1994Ð \+¬&+ Ðuntil€November€1998;€his€duties€included€the€management€and€supervision€of€Cold€Creekððs€dailyÐ H,˜', Ðoperations.€€Ð 4-„(-ý Їà  àIn€the€fall€of€1997,€Mr.€Lea€decided€that€he€wanted€to€operate€a€farm€on€his€own€whileÐ ° Ðmaintaining€his€duties€with€Cold€Creek.€€Mr.€Lea€located€a€farm€near€Cold€Creekððs€main€farmingÐ œì Ðoperation€and€obtained€a€sublease€on€the€land.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Mr.€Lea€acquired€the€land€with€the€intent€to€growÐ ˆØ Ðcotton.€€Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àAs€he€was€without€farming€equipment€of€his€own,€Mr.€Lea€sought€to€purchase€or€lease€aÐ L œ Ðtractor€to€farm€the€land.€€Mr.€Lea€told€James€Moody€(Mr.€Moody),€a€general€partner€at€Cold€Creek,Ð 8 ˆ Ðabout€his€plans€to€obtain€a€tractor.€€Mr.€Moody,€along€with€Waymon€Burks€(Mr.€Burks),€anotherÐ $ t Ðperson€with€interest€in€Cold€Creek,€decided€to€offer€Mr.€Lea€a€way€to€use€the€resources€of€ColdÐ  ` ÐCreek.€€Mr.€Moody€and€Mr.€Burks€made€an€oral€offer€to€Mr.€Lea€which€would€allow€Mr.€Lea€to€useÐ ü L  Ðall€of€Cold€Creekððs€equipment€for€the€year.€€Under€the€terms€of€this€offer,€Cold€Creek€would€haveÐ è 8  Ðsomeone€appraise€all€of€its€equipment.€€After€the€appraisal,€Cold€Creek€would€divide€the€marketÐ Ô$  Ðvalue€of€the€equipment€by€five€years.׃Ü×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€resulting€figure€provided€an€annual€cost€of€the€equipment.€Ð À  ÐThe€parties€would€next€determine€the€total€acres€that€Cold€Creek€was€farming€and€the€total€numberÐ ¬ü  Ðof€acres€that€Mr.€Lea€was€farming.€€The€sum€of€these€totals€would€then€be€divided€into€the€annualÐ ˜è  Ðcost€of€the€equipment,€which€would€provide€a€per€acre€cost€of€the€equipment.€€To€arrive€at€Mr.€LeaððsÐ „Ô  Ðequipment€cost,€the€per€acre€cost€of€the€equipment€would€be€multiplied€by€the€total€acres€Mr.€LeaÐ pÀ Ðfarmed€that€year.€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àThe€offer€provided€that€the€parties€would€arrive€at€the€overhead€cost€in€a€similar€manner.€€AtÐ 4„ Ðthe€end€of€the€year,€the€total€overhead€would€be€divided€by€the€total€number€of€acres€that€the€partiesÐ  p Ðfarmed€that€year.€€The€resulting€per€acre€overhead€cost€would€then€be€multiplied€by€the€number€ofÐ  \ Ðacres€that€Mr.€Lea€farmed€that€year.€€This€product€would€represent€Mr.€Leaððs€total€overhead€cost.€Ð øH ÐThe€sum€of€Mr.€Leaððs€equipment€cost€and€Mr.€Leaððs€overhead€cost€would€be€the€amount€owed€byÐ ä4 ÐMr.€Lea€to€Cold€Creek€in€consideration€of€using€its€equipment.€€Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àAfter€the€representatives€of€Cold€Creek€made€this€offer,€Mr.€Lea€decided€to€talk€with€hisÐ ¨ø Ðadvisor€before€deciding€whether€to€accept€the€offer.€€Sometime€later,€the€parties€met€again.€€TheÐ ”ä Ðparties€went€through€the€proposal€a€final€time,€and€Mr.€Lea€decided€to€accept€the€offer.€€The€oralÐ €Ð Ðagreement€was€not€reduced€to€a€written€contract€by€either€party.€€Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àThe€land€that€Mr.€Lea€acquired€and€sought€to€farm€was€located€in€the€bottomland€of€theÐ D!” ÐMississippi€River.€€Mr.€Lea€had€plowed€50€of€the€landððs€280€acres€when€the€backwater€of€theÐ 0"€  ÐMississippi€River€came€onto€and€covered€the€land.€€The€water€remained€on€the€land€for€about€aÐ #l! Ðmonth.€€By€the€time€the€water€receded,€Mr.€Lea€decided€that€the€land€would€not€be€suitable€forÐ $X" Ðgrowing€cotton.€€Instead,€Mr.€Lea€decided€to€grow€soybeans€on€the€land.€€Mr.€Lea€told€Mr.€MoodyÐ ô$D # Ðof€this€change€in€plans,€and€Mr.€Moody€agreed€that€it€was€the€proper€decision.€€Ð à%0!$ Їà  àAs€soybeans€are€much€less€profitable€than€cotton,€Mr.€Lea€became€concerned€about€hisÐ ° Ðfinancial€situation.€€Mr.€Lea€discovered€that€he€would€have€to€hire€a€company€to€spray€his€beansÐ œì Ðbecause€he€was€too€busy€with€his€responsibilities€at€Cold€Creek€to€do€it€personally.€€He€also€had€toÐ ˆØ Ðget€his€beans€custom€harvested,€as€there€were€not€enough€personnel€at€Cold€Creek€to€perform€thisÐ tÄ Ðfunction.€€Mr.€Lea€paid€for€these€services.€€Mr.€Lea€often€asked€Mr.€Moody€to€help€Mr.€LeaÐ `° Ðdetermine€his€financial€obligations€to€Cold€Creek.€€Mr.€Moody€would€not€provide€this€assistance€andÐ L œ Ðusually€assured€Mr.€Lea€that€the€parties€would€work€something€out€in€the€future.€€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àAt€the€end€of€1998,€after€the€parties€finished€picking€the€cotton€that€Cold€Creek€managed€toÐ  ` Ðproduce,€Mr.€Lea€informed€Mr.€Moody€and€Mr.€Burks€that€he€was€leaving€Cold€Creek€to€acceptÐ ü L  Ðemployment€with€a€farm€product€distributorship.€€At€the€beginning€of€the€next€year,€Mr.€Lea,Ð è 8  Ðrequiring€a€bank€loan,€sought€to€settle€his€finances.€€Mr.€Lea€contacted€Cold€Creek€to€determine€howÐ Ô$  Ðmuch€he€owed€them.€€When€the€representatives€of€Cold€Creek€told€Mr.€Lea€the€amount€he€owedÐ À  Ðthem,€Mr.€Lea€declined€to€pay.€€Cold€Creek€sued€Mr.€Lea€to€enforce€their€agreement.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àCold€Creek€alleged€that€Mr.€Lea€breached€an€oral€contract€to€pay€rental€costs€associated€withÐ „Ô  ÐMr.€Leaððs€use€of€Cold€Creekððs€equipment€and€overhead.€€Mr.€Lea€defended€the€suit€asserting€thereÐ pÀ Ðwas€no€meeting€of€the€minds€between€the€parties€as€to€Mr.€Leaððs€liability€on€the€contract.€€Further,Ð \¬ Ðin€the€alternative,€Mr.€Lea€argued€that€his€performance€was€excused€according€to€the€doctrine€ofÐ H˜ Ðfailure€of€commercial€purpose.Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àAfter€a€bench€trial,€the€court€rendered€judgment€in€favor€of€Cold€Creek.€€The€trial€courtÐ  \ Ðdetermined€that€an€enforceable€oral€contract€existed€and€that€Mr.€Lea€breached€the€contract€by€hisÐ øH Ðfailure€to€perform.€€The€court€also€ruled€that€Mr.€Leaððs€performance€was€not€excused€by€the€doctrineÐ ä4 Ðof€frustration€of€commercial€purpose.€€Pursuant€to€this€decision,€the€trial€court€awarded€Cold€CreekÐ Ð  Ðjudgment€against€Mr.€Lea€for€$28,816.50.Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àMr.€Lea€appeals€the€judgment€in€Cold€Creeks€favor.€€Mr.€Lea€presents€the€following€issuesÐ ”ä Ðfor€this€Courtððs€review:Ð €Ð ÐÌà8  àI.à0` Ð Ð àWhether€the€Court€erred€in€finding€an€enforceable€agreement€between€theÐ X ¨ Ðparties.ÐD!”` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà8  àII.à0` Ð Ð àWhether€the€Court€erred€in€failure€to€find€Defendantððs€performance€excusedÐ #l! Ðunder€the€doctrine€of€frustration€of€commercial€purpose.Ð$X"` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà8  àIII.à0` Ð Ð àWhether€the€Court€erred€in€denying€Defendantððs€Motion€to€Alter€or€AmendÐ à%0!$ Ðand€to€Amend€the€Counter„Claim€to€conform€to€the€evidence.ÐÌ&"%` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà8  àIV.à0` Ð Ð àWhether€the€Court€erred€in€the€damage€award€to€Plaintiffs.Ф(ô#'` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌÌÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àTo€the€extent€these€issues€involve€questions€of€fact,€our€review€of€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€isÐ ° Ðòòò òde€novoó óóó€with€a€presumption€of€correctness.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(d).€€We€may€not€reverse€the€trialÐ œì Ðcourtððs€factual€findings€unless€they€are€contrary€to€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence.€€ò òòòId.óóó ó€€WithÐ ˆØ Ðrespect€to€the€trial€courtððs€legal€conclusions,€our€review€is€òòò òde€novoó óóó€with€no€presumption€ofÐ tÄ Ðcorrectness.€€òòò òBain€v.€Wellsó óóó,€936€S.W.2d€618,€622€(Tenn.€1997).à€(#(#K(#àˆÐ `° ÐÌà  àMr.€Lea€contends€that€the€agreement€fails€for€lack€of€certainty€and€therefore,€is€not€anÐ 8 ˆ Ðenforceable€oral€contract.€€Without€doubt,€a€contract€must€be€sufficiently€definite€or€certain€to€beÐ $ t Ðenforced€by€the€courts€of€this€jurisdiction.€€òòò òJamestowne€On€Signal,€Inc.€v.€First€Fed.€Sav.€&€Loanó óóó,Ð  ` Ð807€S.W.2d€559,€564€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1990).€The€terms€of€a€contract€are€sufficiently€certain€ð ðððif€theyÐ ü L  Ðprovide€a€basis€for€determining€the€existence€of€a€breach€and€for€giving€an€appropriate€remedy.ðððð€Ð è 8  Ðòòò òId.ó óóó€(quoting€òòò òRestatement€(Second)€of€Contractsó óóó€ðð€33).€€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àThe€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€recently€cited€two€leading€treatises€as€authority€regarding€theÐ ¬ü  Ðrequirement€of€certainty€in€contract€terms.€€òòò òDoe€v.€HCA€Health€Serv.€of€Tenn.,€Inc.ó óóó,€46€S.W.3d€191Ð ˜è  Ð(Tenn.€2001).€€The€Court€stated€that€ð ððð[c]ertainty€with€respect€to€promises€does€not€have€to€beÐ „Ô  Ðapparent€from€the€promise€itself,€so€long€as€the€promise€contains€a€reference€to€some€document,Ð pÀ Ðtransaction,€or€other€extrinsic€facts€from€which€its€meaning€may€be€made€clear.ðððð€òòò òId.ó óóó€at€196€(quotingÐ \¬ Ð1€Richard€A.€Lord,€òòò òWilliston€on€Contractsó óóó,€ðð€4:27€at€593€(4òòthóó€ed.€1990)).€€The€Court€continuedÐ H˜ Ðstating:Ð 4„ ÐÌà8  àIf€the€parties€provide€a€practicable€method€for€determining€[the]€price€orÐ  \ Ðcompensation€there€is€no€such€indefiniteness€or€uncertainty€as€will€prevent€theÐ øH Ðagreement€from€being€an€enforceable€contract.€€The€same€is€true€if€they€agree€uponÐ ä4 Ðpayment€of€a€ð ðreasonableðð€price€or€compensation.€€There€are€cases,€however,€inÐ Ð  Ðwhich€it€is€clear€that€the€parties€have€not€expressly€or€implicitly€agreed€upon€aÐ ¼  Ðð ðreasonable€price,ðð€and€also€have€not€prescribed€a€practicable€method€ofÐ ¨ø Ðdetermination.€€Where€this€is€true,€the€agreement€is€too€indefinite€and€uncertain€forÐ ”ä Ðenforcement.ЀÐÐ Ð  ÐÌò òòòId.€óóó óat€196„97€(quoting€1€Joseph€M.€Perillo,€òòò òCorbin€on€Contractsó óóó,€ðð€4.3,€at€567„68€(Rev.€ed.€1993)).€Ð X ¨ ÐWhen€we€view€Mr.€Leaððs€argument€in€light€of€the€above€authority,€we€conclude€that€the€contract€wasÐ D!” Ðsufficiently€certain€in€order€to€have€an€enforceable€contract€between€Cold€Creek€and€Mr.€Lea.€€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àMr.€Lea€argues€that€the€formula€in€the€oral€contract€was€uncertain€because€Cold€Creek€failedÐ $X" Ðto€submit€figures€representing€the€equipment€and€overhead€costs€to€Mr.€Lea€until€after€Cold€CreekÐ ô$D # Ðperformed€their€part€of€the€agreement.€€We€disagree.€€The€formula€proposed€by€Cold€Creek€andÐ à%0!$ Ðagreed€to€by€Mr.€Lea€was€a€practicable€method€for€determining€the€amount€of€money€Mr.€Lea€wouldÐ Ì&"% Ðhave€to€pay€Cold€Creek€under€the€agreement.€€Many€of€the€specific€costs€were€unknown€to€eitherÐ ¸'#& Ðparty€when€they€formed€the€agreement,€and€the€formula€provided€a€definite€method€to€ascertain€Mr.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐLeaððs€share€of€equipment€and€overhead€costs.Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àAdditionally,€Mr.€Burks€provided€Mr.€Lea€with€past€equipment€costs€and€present€estimatesÐ ° Ðâ âas€an€example€of€how€the€formula€would€work.€€Mr.€Burks€also€informed€Mr.€Lea€of€the€items€to€beÐ œì Ðincluded€in€the€equipment€calculations€when€the€parties€were€negotiating€the€contract.€€Further,€Mr.Ð ˆØ ÐBurks€illustrated€how€the€formula€would€work€with€respect€to€the€overhead€costs.€€Mr.€BurksÐ tÄ Ðprovided€Mr.€Lea€with€historical€overhead€expenses€and€talked€about€the€items€that€would€beÐ `° Ðincluded€in€the€computation€of€the€overhead.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€simplicity€of€the€formula€and€the€examples€Mr.Ð L œ ÐBurks€gave€to€Mr.€Lea€provided€Mr.€Lea€with€an€accurate€method€to€gauge€his€expenses€as€toÐ 8 ˆ Ðequipment€and€overhead.€€The€formula€supplied€the€certainty€required€to€make€the€contractÐ $ t Ðenforceable.€€With€this€formula,€a€method€exists€to€determine€the€existence€of€a€breach€and€theÐ  ` Ðappropriate€remedy.Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àMr.€Leaððs€second€issue€is€also€without€merit.€€The€doctrine€of€frustration€of€commercialÐ Ô$  Ðpurpose€is€clearly€inapplicable€in€the€present€case.€€We€discussed€the€doctrine€in€òòò òHaun€v.€Kingóóó ó,€690Ð À  ÐS.W.2d€869,€871€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1984),€as€follows:Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà8  àThe€doctrine€of€frustration€of€commercial€purpose€.€.€.€is€if€the€happening€of€an€event,Ð „Ô  Ðnot€foreseen€by€the€parties€to€the€contract€and€neither€caused€by€nor€under€the€controlÐ pÀ Ðof€either€party,€has€destroyed€or€nearly€destroyed€either€the€value€of€performance€orÐ \¬ Ðthe€object€or€purpose€of€the€contract,€then€the€parties€are€excused€from€furtherÐ H˜ Ðperformance.€.€.€.€the€ð ðsupervening€eventðð€must€be€ð ðwholly€outside€the€contemplationÐ 4„ Ðof€the€partiesðð€but,€if€such€frustrating€event€was€reasonably€foreseeable,€the€doctrineÐ  p Ðis€not€a€defense.€€The€doctrine€is€predicated€on€the€premise€of€giving€relief€where€theÐ  \ Ðparties€could€not€provide€themselves,€by€the€provisions€of€the€contract,€against€theÐ øH Ðhappening€of€the€supervening€event.€€17A€C.J.S.,€òòò òContractsó óóó,€ðð€463(2).€€Ðä4Ð Ð  ÐÌòòò òIdóóó ó.€(citing€òòò òNorth€American€Capital€Corp.€v.€McCantsó óóó,€510€S.W.2d€901€(Tenn.€1974)).Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àIn€this€case,€the€ð ðeventðð€was€the€flooding€of€the€Mississippi€river€that€caused€a€backwater€toÐ ”ä Ðstand€on€Mr.€Leaððs€farmland,€preventing€him€from€growing€cotton.€€The€doctrine€is€unavailable€toÐ €Ð ÐMr.€Lea,€however,€because€it€is€clear€the€event€was€reasonably€foreseeable.€€At€trial,€Mr.€Lea€statedÐ l¼ Ðthat€the€Mississippi€River€prevented€Cold€Creek€from€planting€cotton€on€two€occasions€in€the€fourÐ X ¨ Ðyears€he€worked€for€Cold€Creek.€€The€land€the€Mississippi€River€flooded€on€those€two€occasions€wasÐ D!” Ðnear€the€land€Mr.€Lea€acquired.€€Importantly,€Mr.€Leaððs€land€was€even€closer€to€the€Mississippi€RiverÐ 0"€  Ðthan€the€land€owned€and€operated€by€Cold€Creek.€€Thus,€it€is€without€question€that€the€MississippiÐ #l! ÐRiver€flood€was€reasonably€foreseeable€to€Mr.€Lea.Ð $X" Ðâ âÐ ô$D # Ðà  àAdditionally,€the€parties€to€the€contract€were€aware€that€soybeans€might€have€to€be€grownÐ ° Ðâ âon€the€land€because€of€the€Mississippi€River.€€At€trial,€Mr.€Lea€admitted€that€he€knew€the€water€fromÐ œì Ðthe€Mississippi€River€might€prevent€him€from€growing€cotton€on€the€land€he€leased€from€Mr.Ð ˆØ ÐHughes.€€Mr.€Lea€could€have€used€this€knowledge€to€protect€himself€by€conditioning€his€performanceÐ tÄ Ðon€his€ability€to€grow€cotton,€however,€he€failed€to€provide€against€this€occurrence.€€Therefore,€it€isÐ `° Ðevident€that€Mr.€Lea€had€the€knowledge€and€ability€to€protect€himself€against€the€event€thatÐ L œ Ðprevented€him€from€growing€cotton€on€his€land.€€€As€Mr.€Lea€knew€that€he€might€be€unable€to€growÐ 8 ˆ Ðcotton€on€the€land€and€failed€to€protect€himself€against€this€possibility,€the€doctrine€of€frustration€ofÐ $ t Ðcommercial€purpose€will€not€apply€to€this€case.€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àWe€now€turn€to€Mr.€Leaððs€third€issue.€€Mr.€Lea€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€denyingÐ è 8  Ðhis€motion€to€alter€or€amend€the€judgment€and€in€denying€his€motion€to€amend€the€counter€claim€toÐ Ô$  Ðconform€to€the€proof.€€Mr.€Lea€based€these€motions€on€the€testimony€he€gave€during€trial€thatÐ À  Ðindicated€he€incurred€expenses€in€spraying€his€soybean€crop€and€in€custom€gathering€his€soybeanÐ ¬ü  Ðcrop.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€These€expenses,€Mr.€Lea€argued,€should€be€deducted€from€the€judgment€the€court€awardedÐ ˜è  Ðto€Cold€Creek.€€The€trial€court€denied€these€motions,€stating€that€the€court€was€without€a€factual€basisÐ „Ô  Ðto€grant€Mr.€Leaððs€motions.€€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àWe€agree€with€the€trial€court.€€Neither€the€contract€agreed€to€by€the€parties,€nor€the€recordÐ H˜ Ðpresented€on€appeal€provide€a€basis€that€would€allow€Mr.€Lea€to€recover€these€expenses€from€ColdÐ 4„ ÐCreek.€€The€contract€under€which€the€parties€operated€provided€that€Mr.€Lea€could€use€all€of€ColdÐ  p ÐCreekððs€equipment€in€Mr.€Leaððs€farming€operations.€€Cold€Creek€upheld€its€end€of€the€bargain€byÐ  \ Ðmaking€all€of€its€equipment€available€to€Mr.€Lea.€€Mr.€Lea€stated€as€much€at€trial€when€he€admittedÐ øH Ðthat€Cold€Creek€had€equipment€that€he€could€use€to€spray€and€combine€his€soybeans.׃T×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Mr.€LeaÐ ä4 Ðtestified€that€the€only€reason€he€did€not€use€the€equipment€was€because€ð ðCold€Creek€Farmsðð€dutiesÐ Ð  Ðand€the€duties€of€the€cotton€came€first.ðð€€Mr.€Lea,€more€importantly,€did€not€testify€that€theÐ ¼  Ðequipment€was€unavailable€for€his€use.€€Further,€the€parties€did€not€agree€that€Cold€Creek€would€beÐ ¨ø Ðresponsible€for€any€additional€charges€that€Mr.€Lea€might€accrue€or€that€Mr.€Lea€would€be€excusedÐ ”ä Ðfrom€performance€if€he€had€to€pay€someone€else€to€farm€his€crop.€€Therefore,€the€trial€court€properlyÐ €Ð Ðdenied€Mr.€Leaððs€motions.€Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àMr.€Leaððs€final€argument€is€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€its€computation€of€the€damagesÐ D!” Ðawarded€to€Cold€Creek.€€We€review€the€amount€of€damages€awarded€by€a€trial€court€as€a€questionÐ 0"€  Ðof€fact.€€òòò òBeaty€v.€McGrawó óóó,€15€S.W.3d€819,€829€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1998)€(citing€òòò òSpence€v.€Allstate€Ins.Ð #l! ÐCo.ó óóó,€883€S.W.2d€586,€594€(Tenn.€1994);€òòò òReagan€v.€Wolsiefferó óóó,€34€Tenn.€App.€537,€542,€240€S.W.2dÐ $X" Ð273,€275€(1951)).€€Accordingly,€in€a€bench€trial,€ð ðwe€review€the€amount€of€damages€awarded€by€theÐ ô$D # Ðtrial€court€with€the€presumption€that€it€is€correct,€and€we€will€alter€the€amount€of€damages€only€whenÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€trial€court€has€adopted€the€wrong€measure€of€damages€or€when€the€evidence€preponderatesÐ Ì&"% Ðagainst€the€amount€of€damages€awarded.ðð€€òòò òId.ó óóó€(citing€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(d);€ò òòòArmstrong€v.Ð ° ÐHickman€County€Highway€Depððtóóó ó,€743€S.W.2d€189,€195€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1987)).Ð œì ÐÌà  àCold€Creek€argues€that€Mr.€Lea€failed€to€comply€with€Rule€6(a)(2)€of€the€Court€of€AppealsÐ tÄ Ðby€failing€to€bring€to€the€attention€of€the€trial€court,€post€judgment,€that€the€trial€court€miscalculatedÐ `° Ðthe€amount€of€Cold€Creekððs€damages.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€From€the€record,€it€appears€to€us€that€Mr.€Lea€did€fail€toÐ L œ Ðabide€by€this€rule.€€However,€applying€our€òòò òde€novoó óóó€scope€of€review€it€is€patently€obvious€that€the€trialÐ 8 ˆ Ðcourt€simply€failed€to€properly€calculate€the€correct€amount€of€damages€by€relying€on€the€exhibit€Mr.Ð $ t ÐBurks€entered€into€evidence.׃Ü×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€We€will€modify€the€judgment€accordingly,€because€the€evidenceÐ  ` Ðpreponderates€against€the€trial€courtððs€award.€€Therefore,€the€judgment€is€modified€to€$27,922.30.Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€we€affirm€in€part,€reverse€in€part,€and€remand€the€case€to€the€trial€court€in€orderÐ Ô$  Ðto€modify€the€judgment€in€favor€of€Cold€Creek€to€$27,922.30.€€The€costs€of€this€appeal€are€taxedÐ À  Ðequally€to€the€appellant,€Mr.€William€M.€Lea,€Jr.,€and€his€surety,€and€to€the€appellee,€Cold€CreekÐ ¬ü  ÐFarms,€for€which€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.€€€Ð ˜è  ÐÌÌà  à€€€€€€Ð \¬ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð H˜ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDAVID€R.€FARMER,€JUDGE