ÿWPC ØMWqIñ÷Tî¦önKüécï|B­ÑYU!½èÀÂ6€‰y•„WrL(OÆ ̬ÐWÚ´eÊ0À5ª{u“–~ã›0É{}ñ!A)¾óü$bÃ…d…š(RÏÑ/óÔ%ý€œk{†»7¦ÚÔê{€§=x­ÃJ–¹v2>KÊLPQ˜ôfÌ‚&b^ˆ¬yª„µÎWrBÔlGZýÞ3ôeÔB¹…SÔ Ž‰5Q=)ê*;ÅyA´Ôõ©U“ÊW§x ÅErH`!*Ú™ì’;^S‹¼å.HØð;Eè´ýË:fä-Ú-*Üi94ȃAÍCÁn ¤Zâ•îGŽ{`éñBg)¬OÚÔÏz°be|oúY× g¡b±©p/É]îpzHuµ0…ŽTÛ‡qø÷öŸ ¾Oø\ %¥’®ú§/µDÕ\…®Æþë\°6ZµdXK%£6ßÅø;Ž‹£ÿÍñä—9ËR &ö@.ЇÊË•­Ñ¨¡5 ¾ät\Ö§ÕC6ýf®ËX³ßm·o’˜â¨pôM<ã¿äÛyÿþ 0Q6K7}ëZl›â¶{"‡»àL7ÕiÐêësŠ“îdQ㧸Wãb#Á\^  %) 0ˆ/ U*N· w 4 z Ò— i x mz ‘ Æ™ Æ_ Æ% Æë ë N±±±E³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³bµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ 0ë½½½½ B¨¨ 0¤Å D5i D-ž 0KËË ASÆi 0¤/ 0DÓ A«˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0yf-s »(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularš‚,-bk1¸^£ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5- ù-(|G2g)$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[…»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôâ]ò»»Ô d(|3É`$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[…»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3É`$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[…»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[…»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼[…»»»ÔÑ8€ÙXXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ‡îDÄ[…ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼[…»îîDÄ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓSeptember€5,€2002€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XÙX»¼[…ÔÌò òÔ#†¼[…»XXÙö#ÔNATIONS€RENT€OF€TENNESSEE,€INC.€òòóóv.€MEL€LANGE,€òòet€al.óóÔ‡XÙX»¼[…Ôó óÐ úJ Ðò òÔ#†¼[…»XXÙ|#ÔFORKLIFTS€UNLIMITED,€LLC,€òòet€al.óó€v.€DAVID€Q.€WRIGHT,€òòet€al.óóÔ‡XÙX»¼[…Ôó óÐ  ^ ÐÔ#†¼[…»XXÙ #Ôò òSOUTHERN€WOOD€TREATMENT€CO.,€INC.€òòóóv.€Ð " r ÐDAVID€Q.€WRIGHT,€òòet€al.óóÔ‡XÙX»¼[…Ôó óÐ 6 † ÐÔ#†¼[…»XXÙÚ#ÔÔ‡XÙX»¼[…ÔÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Chancery€Court€for€Rutherford€CountyÐ 6†  Ðà@@øøìàNo.€99CV„954,€No.€99CV„1066,€No.€99MI„563€€€€Robert€E.€Ô_ÔCorlewÔ_Ô,€III,€ChancellorÐ "r  ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<å` AßÐ æ6  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2001„02368„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CVÐ á1 ЀNo.€M2001„02360„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Filed€November€6,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ Í ÐNo.€M2001„02366„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CVÐ ¹  Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ¥õ ÐßA€V) °°` dE<` AßÐ ‘á Ðó óÓ  ÓÌÓ  ÓVendors€of€rental€equipment€filed€suit€to€collect€unpaid€invoices€from€the€landowner€after€theÐ ŒÜ Ðcontractor€abandoned€the€job.€€The€trial€court€granted€recovery€based€upon€the€Mechanicsðð€andÐ xÈ ÐÔ_ÔMaterialmenÔ_Ôððs€Lien€Statute€and€quantum€Ô_ÔmeruitÔ_Ô.€€We€reverse€for€insufficient€proof€on€the€correctÐ d´ Ðmeasure€of€damages.Ô#†¼[…»XXÙ4#ÔÔ‡XÙX»¼[…ÔÐ P  ÐÓŸÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€as€of€RightÔ#†¼[…»XXÙ #ÔÔ‡XÙX»¼[…Ô;€Judgment€of€the€Chancery€Court€Reversed€and€RemandedÔ#†¼[…»XXÙ #ÔÔ‡XÙX»¼[…Ô€ó óÐ (x ÐÌÓ  ÓÔ#†¼[…»XXÙ‚ #ÔÔ‡XÙX»¼[…ÔòòEllen€Ô_ÔHobbsÔ_Ô€Lyle,óó€Ô_ÔSp.J.Ô_Ô,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòWilliam€B.€Cain€óóandÐ P ÐòòPatricia€J.€Cottrell,€JJ.,óó€Ô#†¼[…»XXÙê #ÔÔ‡XÙX»¼[…Ôjoined.Ð ì< ÐÔ#†¼[…»XXÙ #ÔÔ‡XÙX»¼[…ÔÌJohn€T.€Ô_ÔBlankenshipÔ_Ô,€Murfreesboro,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellants,€David€Q.€Wright€and€Ô_ÔRLIÔ_ÔÐ Ä  ÐInsurance€Company.Ô#†¼[…»XXÙe #ÔÔ‡XÙX»¼[…ÔÐ °!  ÐÌEwing€Sellers,€Murfreesboro,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellee,€Nations€Rent€of€Tennessee,€Inc.Ð ˆ#Ø" ÐÌRobert€P.€Ô_ÔGrittonÔ_Ô,€Murfreesboro,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellees,€Forklifts€Unlimited€LLC€and€ForkliftsÐ `%° $ ÐUnlimited,€Inc.Ô#†¼[…»XXÙh #ÔÔ‡XÙX»¼[…ÔÐ L&œ!% ÐÓ» ÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼[…»XXÙ×#ÔÔ‡XÙX»¼[…ÔÐ $(t#' ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼[…»XXÙL#ÔÔ‡XÙX»¼[…ÔÓ  Óà  àThis€litigation€arises€out€of€unpaid€invoices€for€rental€equipment€used€to€erect€a€horse€barn,Ð ü)L%) Ðarena€and€office.€€The€contractor€who€rented€the€equipment€abandoned€the€job.€€The€vendors€of€theÐ è*8&* Ðrental€equipment€sued€the€landowner.€€The€trial€judge€awarded€recovery€to€both€vendors,€and€theÐ Ô+$'+ Ðlandowner€appealed.Ð À,(, ÐÐ ¬-ü(-ý ÐÔ_Ôà  àThe€issues€for€this€Court€to€determine€are€whether€the€proof€supports€an€award€of€damagesÐ ° Ðto€one€vendor€in€quantum€meruit€and€an€award€under€the€Mechanicsðð€and€Materialmenððs€Lien€StatuteÐ œì Ðto€the€other€vendor.€We€conclude€that€the€proof€as€to€each€claim€fails€to€establish€the€correct€measureÐ ˆØ Ðof€damages,€that€being€the€fair€rental€value€of€the€equipment,€and€therefore€we€reverse€the€trial€court.Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àThe€landowner,€David€Wright,€entered€into€a€contract€on€September€18,€1998,€with€MelÐ L œ ÐLange,€a€contractor€doing€business€as€American€Steelwood€Buildings,€to€construct€a€horse€ridingÐ 8 ˆ Ðarena€and€training€facility.€€The€contract€price€was€$203,200.00.Ð $ t ÐÌà  àAround€December€18,€1998,€after€the€landowner€had€paid€a€substantial€portion€of€the€contractÐ ü L  Ðprice,€the€contractor€abandoned€the€job.€€The€landowner€took€over€completion€of€the€project€andÐ è 8  Ðincurred€costs€greatly€in€excess€of€the€contract€price.Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àAround€the€time€that€the€contractor€left,€the€landowner€discovered€equipment€on€the€jobÐ ¬ü  Ðwhich€the€contractor€had€rented.€€There€was€a€forklift€and€two€scissor€lifts€provided€by€ForkliftsÐ ˜è  ÐUnlimited,€Inc.€€There€was€a€forklift,€generator,€rebar€cutter,€24€foot€aluminum€extension€ladder,€andÐ „Ô  Ða€post€hole€auger€on€the€jobsite€rented€from€Nations€Rent.€€On€January€11,€1999,€the€landownerÐ pÀ Ðcontacted€FUI€and€Nations€Rent,€and€they€removed€the€equipment.€€The€vendors€demanded€paymentÐ \¬ Ðfrom€the€landowner€for€unpaid€rental€fees€incurred€by€the€contractor.€€The€landowner,€who€was€notÐ H˜ Ða€party€to€the€rental€agreements€and€who€had€paid€a€substantial€portion€of€the€contract€price€to€theÐ 4„ Ðcontractor,€refused€to€pay.€€Suit€was€commenced€by€the€vendors€against€the€contractor€for€breach€ofÐ  p Ðcontract€and€against€the€landowner€for€recovery€under€the€lien€statute€and€quantum€meruit.Ð  \ ÐÌà  àDefault€judgments€were€entered€against€the€contractor.€€After€a€trial,€the€chancellor€awardedÐ ä4 Ðrecovery€to€FUI€in€quantum€meruit€in€the€amount€of€$8,277.42,€concluding€that€this€amountÐ Ð  Ðconstituted€the€reasonable€rental€value€of€the€rental€for€the€equipment,€and€$1,457.29€for€repairs€toÐ ¼  Ðthe€equipment€which€the€chancellor€concluded€constituted€the€reasonable€value€of€services€renderedÐ ¨ø Ðby€FUI.€€The€other€rental€vendor,€Nations€Rent,€was€awarded€recovery€of€$11,550.58€under€theÐ ”ä ÐMechanicsðð€and€Materialmenððs€Liens€Statute,€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sections€66-11-101,€òòet€seq.óóÐ €Ð ÐÌà  àThe€appellants€have€raised€numerous€issues€regarding€FUIððs€recovery€in€quantum€meruit.€Ð X ¨ ÐBecause€we€conclude€that€the€proof€of€quantum€meruit€damages€is€insufficient€and€that€conclusionÐ D!” Ðis€determinative€of€the€appeal,€we€address€only€that€issue.Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àIn€support€of€their€claim€to€recover€in€quantum€meruit,€FUI€presented€the€testimony€of€Mr.Ð $X" ÐCaragan,€the€owner€of€FUI,€as€well€as€invoices€prepared€on€the€rental€of€the€equipment,€and€theÐ ô$D # Ðrental€contract.€€Based€on€the€provisions€of€the€rental€contract,€the€rental€dates€and€rates€containedÐ à%0!$ Ðon€the€invoices,€and€a€bill€from€a€third„party€vendor€from€whom€FUI€had€subleased€two€pieces€ofÐ Ì&"% Ðequipment,€Mr.€Caragan€testified€that€the€rental€price€provided€for€in€the€contract€represented€the€fairÐ ¸'#& Ðrental€value€of€the€equipment.€€Additionally,€in€response€to€a€question€from€the€trial€judge€about€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðout€of€pocket€expense€FUI€had€to€the€third„party€vendor,€Mr.€Caragan€guessed€that€he€paidÐ )à$( Ðð ðprobablyðð€about€ten€or€fifteen€percent€less€the€total,€maximum€of€a€fifteen€percent€mark„up.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àQuantum€meruit€is€a€separate€and€distinguishable€cause€of€action€from€breach€of€contract.€Ð ° ÐQuantum€meruit€actions€are€equitable€substitutes€for€contract€claims.€€òòCastelli€v.€Lien,€óó910€S.W.2dÐ œì Ð420,€427€(Tenn.€App.€1995).€€Unlike€a€contract€claim€where€there€are€express€payment€and€priceÐ ˆØ Ðterms,€quantum€meruit€is€based€on€a€legally€implied€promise€to€pay.€€òòId.óó€€Accordingly,€quantumÐ tÄ Ðmeruit€recoveries€are€limited€to€the€actual€value€of€the€goods€or€services€and€are€not€calculated€basedÐ `° Ðon€contract€price.€€òòId.óó€(citing€òòLawler€v.€Zapletal,€óó679€S.W.2d€950,€955€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1984);Ð L œ ÐòòWarren€Bros.€Co.€v.€Metropolitan€Govððt€of€Nashville€and€Davidson€County,€óó540€S.W.2d€243,€247Ð 8 ˆ Ð(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1976);€òòCooksey€v.€Shanks,€óó23€Tenn.€App.€595,€598,€136€S.W.2d€57,€58-59€(1939)).Ð $ t ÐÌà  àThe€reasonable€value€of€goods€and€services€may€be€proven€in€several€ways.€€The€partyÐ ü L  Ðseeking€to€recover€in€quantum€meruit€can€explain€the€method€used€to€arrive€at€a€base€fee€andÐ è 8  Ðmarkup.€€òòSee€id.€óóat€42.€€Additionally,€proof€as€to€reasonable€value€can€be€obtained€from€otherÐ Ô$  Ðprofessionals€or€experienced€workers€in€that€field.€€òòSee€id.óó€at€428;€òòLawler,€óó679€S.W.2d€at€955.€€ButÐ À  Ðwhere€there€is€no€proof€in€the€record€of€the€cost€of€providing€the€services€or€whether€money€wasÐ ¬ü  Ðmade€or€lost€and€only€the€contract€unit€price€is€provided€the€proof€is€not€sufficient€to€base€an€awardÐ ˜è  Ðin€quantum€meruit.€€òòSee€Warren€Bros.,€óó540€S.W.2d€at€247.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€FUIððs€proof€of€damages€is€akin€to€that€provided€in€òòWarren€Bros.óó€€There€isÐ \¬ Ðno€explanation€of€profit€or€loss,€no€explanation€of€how€the€rental€rates€were€derived,€and€noÐ H˜ Ðtestimony€of€the€customs,€practices€and€prices€prevailing€in€the€rental€equipment€business.€€TheÐ 4„ Ðtestimony€as€to€the€value€of€the€equipment€subleased€from€a€third„party€vendor€was€vague€andÐ  p Ðspeculative.€€FUIððs€proof€of€reasonable€rental€value€was€the€contract€price.€€In€that€recovery€inÐ  \ Ðquantum€meruit€cannot€be€based€upon€the€contract€price,€we€reverse€the€award€of€the€trial€court.€Ð øH ÐThere€is€insufficient€proof€of€the€reasonable€rental€value€of€the€equipment€on€which€to€base€orÐ ä4 Ðcalculate€an€award€in€quantum€meruit.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àMuch€like€recovery€in€quantum€meruit,€the€lien€statute,€on€which€the€claim€filed€by€NationsÐ ¨ø ÐRent€is€based,€limits€recovery€to€the€ð ðreasonable€rental€valueðð€of€the€equipment.€€òòTenn.€Code€Ann.Ð ”ä Ðóóðð66-11-101(5)€(1993).€€The€statute€adds€the€further€restriction€that€recovery€of€reasonable€rentalÐ €Ð Ðvalue€is€limited€to€ð ðthe€period€of€actual€use.ðð€€òòId.€€óóAlso,€the€statute€makes€clear€that€use€is€ð ðnotÐ l¼ Ðdeterminable€by€the€contract€for€rental€unless€the€owner€is€a€party€thereto.ðð€€òòId.€€óóFinally,€the€statuteÐ X ¨ Ðexcludes€recovery€for€tools.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àThe€proof€of€the€rental€value€of€the€Nations€Rent€equipment€came€from€the€depositionÐ #l! Ðtestimony€of€Ted€Petty,€a€consultant€of€Nations€Rent.€€The€sole€fact€testified€to€by€Mr.€PettyÐ $X" Ðconcerning€rental€value€was€that€the€contract€rate€was€the€ð ðbestðð€because€it€was€based€on€a€monthlyÐ ô$D # Ðrental€rate.€€There€was€also€documentary€proof€consisting€of€a€notice€of€nonpayment€whichÐ à%0!$ Ðdemanded€payment€based€upon€the€rental€contract€amount,€and€the€notice€of€lien,€based€as€well€uponÐ Ì&"% Ðthe€terms€of€the€rental€contract.€€The€proof€of€reasonable€rental€value,€therefore,€was€based€on€andÐ ¸'#& Ðderived€from€the€rental€contract.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àAs€quoted€above,€section€66„11-101(5)€provides€that€reasonable€rental€value€is€notÐ |*Ì%) Ðdeterminable€by€the€contract.€€In€that€the€proof€of€value€in€this€case€was€derived€solely€from€theÐ h+¸&* Ðcontract,€we€reverse€the€award€by€trial€judge.€€There€is€insufficient€proof€of€a€reasonable€rental€valueÐ ° Ðof€the€equipment€on€which€to€base€or€calculate€an€award€under€the€lien€statute.Ð œì ÐÌà  àFinally,€the€appellants€seek,€in€addition€to€reversal€of€the€awards€to€the€vendors,€that€the€caseÐ tÄ Ðbe€remanded€ð ðso€that€the€trial€court€can€ascertain,€assess,€and€award€...€damages€in€defending€theseÐ `° Ðlawsuits€brought€by€Appellees€in€prosecuting€the€wrongful€attachments€of€his€real€property.ðð€€WhileÐ L œ Ðreversal€by€this€Court€makes€a€claim€of€wrongful€attachment€possible,€this€Courtððs€reversal€is€not€aÐ 8 ˆ Ðdetermination€or€finding€of€wrongful€attachment.€€The€appellants€are€required€on€remand,€shouldÐ $ t Ðthey€seek€such€recovery,€to€demonstrate€the€essential€elements€of€a€wrongful€attachment€claim.€€OurÐ  ` Ðconclusion€that€there€was€insufficient€evidence€of€proof€of€value€under€the€lien€statutes€and€inÐ ü L  Ðquantum€meruit€does€not€necessarily€mean€that€the€appellants€are€entitled€to€recover€for€wrongfulÐ è 8  Ðattachment.Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àWe€therefore€reverse€the€awards€of€recovery€to€the€vendors€and€remand€this€matter€to€the€trialÐ ¬ü  Ðcourt.€€Costs€of€this€appeal€are€taxed€equally€to€appellees€FUI€and€Nations€Rent.Ô#†¼[…»XXÙª#ÔÔ€XÙX»¼[…ÔÐ ˜è  ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð H˜ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àELLEN€HOBBS€LYLE,€SPECIAL€JUDGE