ÿWPC;& F×Ýí„„-ÃJï'ÃHïijÂt§•Ñ4KƹÞ$Båq0A ™Ø5°ŸµOf|úýI4+¥*zŒ"jq_/ ³3+ú?/?$gå$Á€q6°ŠÄƒO]UðËELa,Õ)<¤–ñ퀶GsùoEW€#ë#P¨= U_!Sº8ç»^ªöÙ™Õ´)[\fL>Ìðmp}¥<¿@yùô B®õ VnÎí§RY`*Ú2Û ´H>¥¶´Mÿ†ãAûIì9éϵ¯ãæ©ìbð„T@eyor–ð«¾UðQœ—3ãj€jºê¼sسýW¿(îøõŽt ±õçí¢Ógu¹¼[]À¼)Äûå)N³wŸhê{ƒ$Jú?¶û=‘ ¸ÏèÅBàR&C°¸”¢<¼ÂÞÐÁÅY^«ëFW,”WáäÕ:ˆ°§Ä•ö© y’\'•"u,[ùù Lš=-UtÀí”›ˆ—ýå÷ÃTb#:•#‹»Òk( k(Oá¿Û¼—ÅïëTäEY2VÒN[?8jØ|ú.…É©½ \ou”‹eÁÆAp»U ØÖ,)™/ ®fàÀN m®Q´7HLeD“/6Fœä.™¦Ï"T£Ý[:ë_”·Wò‰Õb %\^ b 0ˆnUQNöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ #ÉÐ ™ ƳÆyÆ?Æ 0 DËNU3NJ_E©Å«Np6¾ ôÏUNÏÿ               b.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.! 0 ë6!6!6!6! B!"!" 0¤>" D5â" D-# 0KD#D# AS#Æâ# 0¤¨$ 0DL% A«%»ïŸ/Ï (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular¨ƒž/ê:i¢×+003|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜\\IB01S01\CLERK1NASÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0 lacksidasicalNEISWINTER P.J. W.S.HighersSchellhad hadGillilandGilliand h]eresolve[dLevenhagenThigpen RegsEatherlyobligorAnnessChapdelaine COAAherncontemptsBlountcontemnor S.W.p]unishmentEversonLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular @Ý ƒRWm$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô !ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€February€2,€2001€order€was€not€included€in€the€record€on€appeal,€but€the€parties€do€not€dispute€thatÐ ° ÐMotherððs€obligation€to€Father€was€$678€per€month€per€that€order.€€ »Ý ƒRWm$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô !ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ô !òòô !ÔThe€State€did€not€file€a€brief€or€otherwise€participate€in€this€appeal.€€We€do€not€address€whether€or€to€whatÐ ° Ðextent€either€parent€is€responsible€for€paying€child€support€to€the€State€based€on€Clintððs€placement€in€State€custody.Ô#†ô !òòô !~#Ô DÝ ƒRWm$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô !ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔIt€is€undisputed€that,€at€the€time€this€appeal€was€argued,€Clint€was€living€with€a€relative€and€was€no€longer€inÐ ° ÐState€custody.€€This€arrangement€is€not€addressed€in€this€appeal. ,Ý ƒRWm$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô !ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAccording€to€this€Courtððs€calculation,€Mother€would€be€$854€in€arrears.€€In€the€trial€court,€however,€the€partiesÐ ° Ðagreed€that€the€arrears€totaled€$814. Ý ƒRWm$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô !ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔMother€and€Neiswinter€have€a€son,€born€May€26,€2001,€who€was€about€thirteen€months€old€at€the€time€of€theÐ ° Ðtrial. ÅÝ ƒRWm$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô !ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€applicable€regulation€provides:Ð ° ÐÌà8  à[A]€significant€variance€shall€be€at€least€15%€if€the€current€support€is€one€hundred€dollars€($100.00)Ð 8ˆ Ðor€greater€per€month€.€.€.€.€€Such€variance€would€justify€the€modification€of€a€child€support€order€.€.€.Ð üL Ð.€€Upon€a€petition€for€adjustment€by€either€party,€the€court€shall€increase€or€decrease€the€award€amountÐ À Ðas€appropriate€in€accordance€with€these€guidelines€.€.€.€.ðð€€Ð„ÔÐ Ð  ÐÌTenn.€Comp.€R.€&€Regs.,€ch.€1240„2„4„.02(3).(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular õÝ ƒRWm$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô !ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔIn€the€Stateððs€March€2002€petition€to€show€cause,€the€State€alleges€that€Mother€has€failed€to€make€child€supportÐ ° Ðpayments€in€compliance€with€an€order€entered€by€the€trial€court€on€January€17,€2002.€€However,€there€is€no€such€orderÐ tÄ Ðdated€January€17,€2002€in€the€record.€€Furthermore,€neither€the€parties€nor€the€trial€court€acknowledge€the€existence€ofÐ 8ˆ Ða€January€2002€order,€and€the€trial€courtððs€finding€of€contempt€was€based€on€Motherððs€noncompliance€with€the€originalÐ üL ÐFebruary€2001€order€awarding€$678€per€month€in€support.€€Nevertheless,€it€makes€no€practical€difference€whether€theÐ À Ðcontempt€order€at€issue€in€this€case€was€based€on€a€February€2001€order€or€a€January€2002€order.€€We€note€thisÐ „Ô Ðdistinction,€however,€for€the€sake€of€clarity€in€the€record.€ Ý ƒRWm$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô !ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€$7,188€was€comprised€of€the€$6,374€pre„January€2002€arrearage€plus€the€undisputed€$814€due€at€the€timeÐ ° Ðof€trial.€€- ù-(|G2Wm$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô !ò»»Ô d(|3ÁC$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3ÁC$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼»»»ÔÑ8€FõXXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ‡îˆî»¼ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼»îîˆ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓAugust€6,€2003€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XFõX»¼ÔÌò òÔ#†¼»XXFõó#ÔALMA€D.€(MURRAY)€NEISWINTER€v.€MARK€K.€MURRAYÔ‡XFõX»¼Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAn€Appeal€from€the€Chancery€Court€for€Williamson€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€24564€€€€€€Timothy€L.€Easter,€ChancellorÐ æ 6 ÐÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<½ ` AßÐ ¾   ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2002„02345„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Filed€December€31,€Ô_Ô2003Ô_ÔÐ ¹  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<` AßÐ ‘á  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThis€appeal€involves€modification€of€child€custody€and€child€support,€and€contempt€for€failure€to€payÐ ŒÜ  Ðthe€support.€€When€the€mother€and€the€father€were€divorced,€the€mother€was€designated€as€theÐ xÈ  Ðprimary€residential€parent.€€Three€years€later,€custody€was€changed€to€the€father.€€Subsequently,€theÐ d´ Ðmother€filed€a€petition€for€change€of€custody€and€for€modification€of€her€child€support€obligation.€Ð P  ÐThe€State€later€filed€a€petition€on€behalf€of€the€father€to€hold€the€mother€in€criminal€contempt€for€Ð <Œ Ðfailure€to€pay€child€support.€€After€a€trial€on€both€the€motherððs€petition€for€change€in€custody€andÐ (x Ðsupport€and€the€Stateððs€petition€for€contempt,€the€trial€court€denied€the€motherððs€petition€for€custody,Ð d Ðreduced€the€support€retroactively€because€one€child€no€longer€lived€with€the€father,€and€granted€theÐ P ÐStateððs€petition,€holding€the€mother€in€contempt.€€As€punishment€for€the€contempt,€the€trial€courtÐ ì< Ðsentenced€the€mother€to€forty€days€in€prison.€€From€that€order,€the€mother€now€appeals.€€We€affirmÐ Ø( Ðthe€trial€courtððs€determinations€regarding€child€custody€and€child€support.€€We€reverse€the€trialÐ Ä Ðcourtððs€finding€of€criminal€contempt,€finding€that€the€mother€had€in€fact€paid€all€of€the€required€childÐ ° Ðsupport,€based€on€the€trial€courtððs€retroactive€order€reducing€the€child€support€obligation.Ð œì ÐÓ±ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Chancery€Court€is€Ð tÄ ÐAffirmed€in€Part€and€Reversed€in€Partó óÐ `° ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼»àXFõf#ÔÔ‡XFõX.¼ÔHolly€M.€Kirby,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòW.€Frank€Crawford,€P.J.,€W.S.,óóÐ 8!ˆ  Ðand€òòAlan€E.€Highers,€J.óó,€joined.Ð $"t! ÐÌErnest€W.€Williams€and€Anna€E.€Freeman,€Franklin,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Alma€D.€(Murray)Ð ü#L# ÐNeiswinter.Ð è$8 $ ÐÌP.€Edward€Schell,€Franklin,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellee,€Mark€K.€Murray.Ð À&"& ÐÓž ÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼»XXFõÍ #ÔÔ‡XFõX»¼ÔÐ ˜(è#( ÐÌÔ#†¼»XXFõÙ #ÔÔ‡XFõX»¼ÔÓ  ÓÓ Óà  àPetitioner/Appellant€Alma€D.€(Murray)€Neiswinter€(ð ðMotherðð)€and€Respondent/AppelleeÐ p*À%* ÐMark€K.€Murray€(ð ðFatherðð)€divorced€(for€the€second€time)€in€1997.€€They€had€two€sons,€Clint€MurrayÐ \+¬&+ Ðâ â(ð ðClintðð),€born€July€5,€1985,€òòóóand€Mark€Murray€(ð ðMarkðð)€born€June€26,€1988òòóó.€€Since€the€divorce,€bothÐ H,˜',ý ÐFather€and€Mother€have€remarried.€€Father€is€now€married€to€Lisa€Murray€(ð ðLisaðð),€and€Mother€isÐ ° Ðmarried€to€Patrick€Neiswinter€(ð ðPatrickðð).׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð œì Ðâ âà  àIn€the€partiesðð€marital€dissolution€agreement,€they€shared€joint€custody€of€their€sons.€€MotherÐ tÄ Ðwas€designated€as€having€primary€physical€custody.€€Ô#†¼»XXFõ1#ÔÔ‡XFõX»¼ÔFather€later€filed€a€petition€for€a€change€ofÐ `° Ðcustody,€which€was€granted€by€this€Court€on€June€27,€2000.€€€òòò òSee€Murray€v.€Murrayó óóó,€No.€M1999„Ð L œ Ð02081„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV,€2000€WL€827960€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€June€27,€2000).Ð 8 ˆ Ðà  àFrom€June€2000€to€March€2002,€Father€had€custody€of€both€boys.€€Clint,€however,€developedÐ  ` Ðsubstantial€problems,€and€on€March€16,€2002,€Clint€was€sent€to€live€at€the€Tennessee€BaptistÐ ü L  ÐChildrenððs€Home€(ð ðChildrenððs€Homeðð)€in€Brentwood,€Tennessee,€pursuant€to€an€order€of€theÐ è 8  ÐWilliamson€County€Juvenile€Court.€€Clint€was€placed€into€State€custody€because€of€several€juvenileÐ Ô$  Ðcourt€petitions€filed€against€him,€many€of€which€were€filed€by€Father,€including€drug„related€charges,Ð À  Ðcharges€of€vandalism,€and€runaway€charges.€€Mark€continued€to€live€with€Father.Ð ¬ü  ÐÔ#†¼»XXFõû#ÔÔ‡XFõX»¼Ôà  àOn€February€2,€2001,€while€Father€had€custody€of€both€boys,€the€trial€court€entered€an€orderÐ „Ô  Ðrequiring€Mother€to€pay€Father€$678€per€month€in€child€support€in€accordance€with€the€guidelines.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀РpÀ ÐOn€approximately€June€1,€2001,€Mother€filed€a€petition€for€change€of€custody€and€for€reduction€ofÐ \¬ Ðher€child€support€obligation.€€Ð H˜ Ðà  àÔ#†¼»XXFõ+#ÔÔ‡XFõX»¼ÔMother€failed€to€comply€with€the€February€2001€child€support€order.€€By€January€2002,Ð  p ÐMother€had€accrued€a€child€support€arrearage€totaling€$6,374.€€At€that€time,€she€was€held€in€criminalÐ  \ Ðcontempt€of€court€for€her€noncompliance€with€the€February€2001€order.€€As€punishment€for€theÐ øH Ðcontempt,€Mother€served€thirty€days€in€jail,€from€January€through€part€of€February€2002.€Ð ä4 Ðà  àò òó óThe€following€month,€February€2002,€Mother€paid€the€full€amount€of€support.€€In€March,Ð ¼  ÐMother€paid€$25.€€On€March€15,€2002,€the€State€filed€a€petition€on€Fatherððs€behalf€to€hold€MotherÐ ¨ø Ðin€criminal€contempt,€because€the€March€payment€was€not€made€when€due€on€March€1,€2002.׃h×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€TheÐ ”ä Ðnext€day,€on€March€16,€2002,€Clint€was€placed€into€State€custody€and€began€living€at€the€ChildrenððsÐ €Ð Ðâ âHome.€€Thereafter,€Mother€paid€$125€in€April,€$830€in€May,€and€$878€in€June,€leaving€a€totalÐ l¼ Ðundisputed€arrears€of€about€$814.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€During€this€time,€her€court€ordered€support€remained€$678€perÐ ° Ðâ âmonth.Ð œì ÐÔ#†¼»XXFõj#ÔÔ‡XFõX»¼Ôà  àOn€June€23,€2002,€the€trial€court€conducted€a€bench€trial€on€both€Motherððs€June€2001€petitionÐ tÄ Ðfor€a€change€in€custody€and€a€reduction€in€support€and€the€Stateððs€petition€for€contempt.€€At€the€timeÐ `° Ðof€trial,€Clint€was€almost€sixteen€(16)òòóó€years€old€and€Mark€was€just€turning€fourteen€(14).Ð L œ Ðà  à€At€trial,€Father€testified€that€Clint€was€living€in€the€Childrenððs€Home,€and€that€MarkÐ $ t Ðremained€in€Fatherððs€home.€€In€his€household,€Father€said,€he€required€the€boys€to€do€chores€likeÐ  ` Ðmaking€up€their€beds,€taking€out€the€trash,€brushing€their€teeth,€and€doing€their€homework.€€Ô#†¼»XXFõ #ÔÔ‡XFõX»¼ÔMother,Ð ü L  Ðhe€claimed,€did€not€impose€those€rules,€and€this€made€enforcement€of€them€difficult€at€his€house.Ð è 8  Ðà  àFather€said€that,€after€primary€custody€of€the€boys€was€changed€from€Mother€to€him,€ClintÐ À  Ðrepeatedly€tried€to€run€away€from€home,€because€he€wanted€to€live€with€Mother.€€Father€claimed€thatÐ ¬ü  Ðit€was€easier€for€Clint€to€get€what€he€wanted€from€Mother€than€from€Father.€€Father€agreed€that€hisÐ ˜è  Ðrelationship€with€Clint€had€been€ð ðunsettledðð€for€a€long€time,€and€that€Clint€did€not€want€to€followÐ „Ô  Ðsimple€household€rules.€€For€example,€Father€did€not€permit€Clint€to€stand€on€the€street€corner€andÐ pÀ Ðhave€eighteen€and€nineteen€year€olds€pick€him€up€in€their€cars€and€take€him€places.€€Father€said€thatÐ \¬ Ðhe€had€found€cigarettes,€alcohol,€and€drugs€in€his€home€that€he€believed€were€brought€there€by€Clint.€Ð H˜ ÐFather€also€said€that€he€would€not€allow€Clint€to€continue€his€relationship€with€a€nineteen„year„oldÐ 4„ Ðwoman,€Janet€Garcia€(ð ðGarciaðð),€because€Clint€was€only€sixteen.€€Father€said€that,€Mother,€on€theÐ  p Ðother€hand,€not€only€approved€of€the€relationship€but€also€allowed€Garcia€to€spend€the€night€at€herÐ  \ Ðhouse€with€Clint.€€Father€described€a€list€that€Clint€made€of€things€that€he€would€like€to€be€able€toÐ øH Ðdo€while€living€with€Father,€including€staying€out€late€and€going€places€with€friends€his€Father€didÐ ä4 Ðnot€know,€and€also€carrying€his€own€money.€€Given€Clintððs€past€problems€with€buying€drugs€andÐ Ð  Ðinappropriate€music,€Father€objected€to€Clint€carrying€his€own€money.€Ð ¼  ÐÔ#†¼»XXFõ!#ÔÔ‡XFõX»¼Ôà  àFather€testified€that€Mark€had€had€difficulty€in€school,€but€said€that€this€had€always€been€theÐ ”ä Ðcase.€€Father€got€a€tutor€for€Mark,€but€said€that€Mother€refused€to€pay€for€half€of€the€cost.€€FatherÐ €Ð Ðtestified€that€Markððs€attendance€in€school€had€improved€dramatically€since€Father€was€designatedÐ l¼ Ðthe€primary€custodian,€because€he€made€Mark€go€to€school.€€In€contrast,€Father€said,€when€MarkÐ X ¨ Ðlived€with€Mother€during€her€summer€visitation,€Mark€missed€the€first€two€days€of€summer€schoolÐ D!” Ðand€missed€a€dental€appointment€that€had€been€scheduled€for€six€months.€€€€€€€Ð 0"€  Ðà  àDespite€this,€Father€said€he€had€given€Mother€visitation€beyond€the€amount€that€was€orderedÐ $X" Ðby€the€trial€court.€€He€claimed€that,€when€Mother€had€been€the€boysðð€primary€custodian,€€he€madeÐ ô$D # Ðhis€child€support€payments€ð ðreligiouslyðð€and€even€gave€Mother€money€for€extra€expenses.€€FatherÐ à%0!$ Ðwas€unaware€of€any€of€the€health€problems€that€Mother€claimed,€stating€that€ð ðsheððs€healthy€as€aÐ Ì&"% Ðhorse.ðð€€Ð ¸'#& Ðà  àMother€also€testified€at€trial.€€She€said€that€her€husband,€Patrick,€was€transferred€to€Ohio€byÐ ° Ðhis€employer€in€January€2002.€€Mother€said€that,€after€she€was€released€from€jail€in€February€2002Ð œì Ðfor€the€contempt€charge,€she€visited€Patrick€for€one€week.€€Since€her€petition€for€a€change€of€custodyÐ ˆØ Ðwas€filed€in€June€2001,€Mother€said,€she€had€had€two€miscarriages€and€had€been€ð ðin€and€out€of€theÐ tÄ Ðhospital€about€four€times.ðð€€Mother€claimed€that€her€longest€stay€in€the€hospital€was€once€for€aboutÐ `° Ðtwo€or€three€days,€and€that€she€did€not€stay€overnight€in€the€hospital€for€procedures€related€to€herÐ L œ Ðmiscarriages.€€At€the€time€of€trial,€Mother€said,€she€had€been€employed€at€Worldððs€Gym€as€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðnursery€director€for€about€one€month€earning€$11€per€hour.€€Ð $ t Ðà  àMother€testified€that€Father€had€made€her€relationship€with€the€boys€difficult.€€She€assertedÐ ü L  Ðthat€she€had€an€excellent,€healthy€relationship€with€the€children,€and€that€her€husband,€Patrick,Ð è 8  Ðtreated€both€of€the€boys€with€love€and€respect.€€When€asked€about€her€household€rules,€Mother€saidÐ Ô$  Ðthat€the€children€were€not€allowed€to€disrespect€her,€and€that€they€were€not€free€to€leave€the€houseÐ À  Ðand€return€whenever€they€wanted€to.€€She€said€that€Clint€ran€away€from€Fatherððs€home€three€times.€Ð ¬ü  ÐOn€one€occasion,€Clint€contacted€Mother€to€let€her€know€that€he€was€safe,€but€he€insisted€that€he€didÐ ˜è  Ðnot€want€to€return€to€live€with€Father.€€Mother€did€not€call€Father€to€let€him€know€that€she€knew€ofÐ „Ô  ÐClintððs€whereabouts.Ð pÀ ÐÔ#†¼»XXFõl(#ÔÔ‡XFõX»¼Ôà  àMother€acknowledged€that€she€allowed€Clint€to€have€a€relationship€with€the€nineteen„year„oldÐ H˜ Ðwoman,€Garcia.€€She€explained€that€she€did€not€pay€any€tutoring€expenses€for€Mark€because€sheÐ 4„ Ðthought€that€the€tutor€was€Lisa€Murrayððs€best€friend€and€was€providing€the€service€at€no€charge.€€SheÐ  p Ðadmitted€that,€although€ordered€to€get€life€insurance€on€her€life,€she€did€not€do€so€until€a€contemptÐ  \ Ðpetition€was€filed€against€her,€and€that€she€had€not€yet€provided€Father€with€a€copy€of€that€policy.€Ð øH ÐShe€also€did€not€attend€a€parenting€seminar,€as€ordered€by€the€court,€until€a€petition€for€contempt€wasÐ ä4 Ðfiled€against€her.€€Mother€asserted€that€she€had€a€valid€driverððs€license,€and€that€she€had€drivenÐ Ð  Ðherself€to€court,€despite€evidence€proffered€by€Father€that€Motherððs€driverððs€license€had€beenÐ ¼  Ðsuspended€since€June€2000.€€Mother€claimed€that€she€did€not€know€about€the€suspension.€€She€alsoÐ ¨ø Ðconceded€that€she€had€permitted€Mark€to€drive€her€car€while€she€was€with€him,€though€he€wasÐ ”ä Ðthirteen€years€old€at€the€time.Ð €Ð Ðà  àMother€said€that,€in€the€past,€she€had€worked€as€a€paralegal€for€two€law€firms€in€AtlantaÐ X ¨ Ðearning€about€$15€per€hour.€€In€March€2000,€just€before€Father€was€designated€as€the€boysðð€primaryÐ D!” Ðcustodian,€Mother€said€that€she€had€a€job€with€Ô‡XFõXXXFõÔAstra€Pharmaceuticals€earning€$37,922€per€year.€€SheÐ 0"€  Ðtestified€that€she€quit€that€job,€but€did€not€explain€her€reasons€for€doing€so.€€Mother€said€that,€afterÐ #l! Ðshe€quit€her€pharmaceutical€job,€she€worked€in€a€series€of€lower„paying€hourly„wage€jobs,€with€noneÐ $X" Ðlasting€longer€than€six€or€eight€weeks.€€After€Father€was€designated€the€childrenððs€primary€custodian,Ð ô$D # ÐMother€said,€she€lived€in€four€or€five€different€residences.€€Mother€testified€that,€when€the€childrenÐ à%0!$ Ðwere€with€her,€she€paid€for€their€entertainment€expenses,€such€as€movies€and€meals.Ð Ì&"% ÐÔ#†XFõXXXFõÀ:#Ôà  àMother€acknowledged€that€her€child€support€payments€were€in€arrears€for€the€months€ofÐ ¤(ô#' ÐMarch,€April,€May,€and€June€2002.€€She€noted€that€she€had€made€her€full€payment€in€February,€thenÐ )à$( Ðâ âÔ‡XFõXXXFõÔpaid€$25€in€March,€$125€in€April,€$830€in€May,€and€$878€in€June.€€She€represented€to€the€trial€courtÐ |*Ì%) Ðthat€she€was€prepared€to€write€a€check€for€the€amount€that€remained€due,€which€the€parties€agreedÐ ° Ðwas€about€$814,€if€the€trial€court€held€that€such€payment€were€Ô#†XFõXXXFõ—>#ÔÔ#†¼»XXFõ–4#ÔÔ‡XFõX»¼Ôappropriate.Ð œì Ðâ âà  àClint€and€Mark€also€testified.€€Clint€indicated€that€his€Father€was€overly€strict,€recounting€anÐ tÄ Ðepisode€when€he€was€fourteen€years€old€in€which€Father€tried€to€spank€him€for€being€out€late.€€WhenÐ `° ÐFather€attempted€to€spank€him,€he€kicked€Father€in€the€stomach€and€wrestled€with€him,€because€heÐ L œ Ðconsidered€himself€too€old€to€be€spanked.€€Clint€says€that€he€enjoys€his€relationship€with€Mother,Ð 8 ˆ Ðbecause€they€spend€time€together€as€a€family€and€ð ðgo€places€and€just€have€fun.ðð€€Clint€admitted€thatÐ $ t ÐFather€was€a€hard€worker€who€provided€him€with€a€home,€clothes,€and€food.€€Clint€believed,Ð  ` Ðhowever,€that€Father€did€not€care€about€him.€Ð ü L  Ðà  àMark€also€testified€that€he€wanted€to€live€with€Mother.€€Mark€said€that,€with€Mother,€he€couldÐ Ô$  Ðexpress€himself€in€good€ways,€and€he€felt€that€Father€put€him€in€the€middle€of€controversies.€€MarkÐ À  Ðadmitted€that€he€had€been€in€trouble€while€at€Motherððs€house.€€He€had€broken€into€his€neighborððsÐ ¬ü  Ðhouse,€and€he€had€sneaked€out€of€Motherððs€house€in€the€middle€of€the€night.€€He€also€started€a€fireÐ ˜è  Ðin€a€house€that€was€being€built€next€door.€€He€admitted€that,€when€he€was€thirteen€years€old,€MotherÐ „Ô  Ðgave€him€permission€to€drive€her€Jeep€through€her€subdivision.€€Mark€said€that€Father€met€with€hisÐ pÀ Ðteachers€at€school,€and€that€Father€is€the€parent€whom€teachers€call€when€he€gets€in€trouble.€€Ð \¬ Ðà  àThe€trial€court€also€heard€testimony€from€a€clinical€psychologist,€Ô#†¼»XXFõ*@#ÔÔ‡XFõX»¼ÔDr.€Jack€Gilliland€(ð ðDr.Ð 4„ ÐGillilandðð),€who€had€evaluated€Clint.€€Dr.€Gilliland€submitted€a€report€to€the€trial€court€dated€JuneÐ  p Ð12,€2001,€regarding€his€assessment€of€Clint.€€In€his€report€and€testimony,€Dr.€Gilliland€explained€thatÐ  \ Ðhe€had€been€seeing€Clint€since€April€2000€to€determine€whether€Clint€was€clinically€depressed.€€HeÐ øH Ðalso€met€with€Clint,€Father,€and€Mother€together€for€family€therapy.€€In€his€report,€Dr.€GilliandÐ ä4 Ðconcluded€that€Clint€was€not€depressed.€€Rather,€he€concluded€that€Clint€was€ð ðan€egocentric,Ð Ð  Ðnarcissistic,€selfish€and€self„indulgent€individual€who€is€unwilling€to€accept€responsibility€for€hisÐ ¼  Ðbehaviors.ðð€€Though€Mother€saw€Clint€as€being€sensitive€and€caring,€Dr.€Gilliland€opined€that,€to€theÐ ¨ø Ðcontrary,€ð ð[h]e€is€a€budding€sociopath€void€of€any€internal,€consistent€rules€that€society€accepts€asÐ ”ä Ðbeing€normal.ðð€€At€trial,€Dr.€Gilliland€testified,€consistent€with€his€report,€that€Clint€rebelled€againstÐ €Ð ÐFatherððs€authority,€and€enjoyed€Motherððs€household€because€of€the€lack€of€rules.€€He€said€that€ClintÐ l¼ Ðð ðwould€go€to€any€extreme€to€get€what€he€wants€when€he€wants€it,ðð€and€that€he€requires€a€disciplinedÐ X ¨ Ðenvironment.€€Accordingly,€he€felt€that€it€would€not€be€in€Clintððs€best€interest€to€live€with€Mother.€Ð D!” ÐHe€also€stated,€however,€that€if€Clint€could€not€accept€Fatherððs€rules,€ð ðperhaps€a€group€home€couldÐ 0"€  Ðteach€him€discipline€in€a€more€appropriate€manner€that€would€allow€Clint€the€opportunity€to€developÐ #l! Ða€better€sense€of€Right€from€Wrong,€and€adhere€to€the€Right.ðð€Ô#†¼»XXFõLG#ÔÔ‡XFõX»¼Ô€€Ð $X" Ðà  àOn€August€9,€2002,€the€trial€court€filed€its€memorandum€opinion.€€The€trial€court€found€thatÐ à%0!$ ÐFather€ð ðis€the€more€credible€witness€and€resolve[d]€all€disputed€issues€in€favor€of€him.ðð€€The€trialÐ Ì&"% Ðcourt€concluded€that,€as€to€Mark,€that€there€had€been€no€change€in€circumstances€since€June€2000,Ð ¸'#& Ðwhen€this€Court€granted€custody€to€Father.€€In€the€alternative,€the€trial€court€held€that,€even€if€thereÐ ¤(ô#' Ðhad€been€a€change€of€circumstances,€the€evidence€did€not€preponderate€against€the€previous€findingÐ )à$( Ðthat€Father€was€the€more€suitable€person€to€have€custody€of€Mark.€€Regarding€Clint,€the€trial€courtÐ |*Ì%) Ðacknowledged€that€ð ðhis€relationship€with€Father€has€deteriorated€to€such€an€extent€that€Clintððs€love,Ð h+¸&* Ðaffection€and€emotional€ties€between€himself€and€his€father€are€strained,€to€say€the€least.ðð€€The€trialÐ ° Ðcourt€also€noted€that,€since€Clint€had€been€living€in€the€Childrenððs€Home,€his€attitude€andÐ œì Ðperformance€had€improved.€€For€those€reasons,€the€trial€court€concluded€that€Clintððs€best€interestÐ ˆØ Ðwould€be€served€by€remaining€in€the€custody€of€the€State€and€continuing€to€live€at€the€ChildrenððsÐ tÄ ÐHome.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€denied€Motherððs€request€for€custody€of€the€children.€€The€trial€court€alsoÐ `° Ðaddressed€Motherððs€request€for€a€reduction€in€her€child€support€payments.€€Though€Mother€arguedÐ L œ Ðthat€her€income€had€decreased€significantly€since€the€initial€child€support€award,€the€trial€court€foundÐ 8 ˆ Ðthat€Mother€was€willfully€underemployed€and€was€capable€of€maintaining€the€ordered€amount€ofÐ $ t Ðchild€support.€€Nevertheless,€since€the€trial€court€was€ordering€that€Clint€remain€in€the€custody€of€theÐ  ` ÐChildrenððs€Home,€the€trial€court€reduced€Motherððs€child€support€obligation€by€50%,€or€$1,356€($339Ð ü L  Ðfor€March,€April,€May,€and€June),€retroactive€to€March€16,€2002,€when€Clint€went€to€live€in€theÐ è 8  ÐChildrenððs€Home.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€held€that€Mother€owed€Father€a€total€arrearage€of€$5,832,Ð Ô$  Ðwhich€was€Motherððs€total€arrearage€of€$7,188,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€less€the€retroactive€reduction€of€$1,356.€Ð À  Ðà  àWith€respect€to€the€Stateððs€petition€for€contempt,€the€trial€court€found€that€Mother€had€ð ðaÐ ˜è  Ðlackadaisical€attitude€to€secure€employment€which€would€allow€her€to€meet€her€child€supportÐ „Ô  Ðobligations.ðð€€That€attitude,€the€trial€court€found,€constituted€a€willful€and€deliberate€contempt€ofÐ pÀ Ðcourt.€€The€trial€court€determined€that€Mother€was€in€contempt€for€four€separate€violations€„„€for€theÐ \¬ Ðmonths€of€March,€April,€May,€and€June€2002.€€As€punishment,€the€trial€court€sentenced€Mother€toÐ H˜ Ðten€days€imprisonment€for€each€violation€of€the€trial€courtððs€order,€or€forty€days.€€On€August€29,Ð 4„ Ð2002,€the€trial€court€entered€an€order,€incorporating€by€reference€the€findings€and€conclusions€in€itsÐ  p ÐAugust€9,€2002€memorandum€opinion.€€From€that€order,€Mother€now€appeals.€Ð  \ Ðà  àOn€appeal,€Mother€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€declining€to€grant€her€custody€of€herÐ ä4 Ðchildren,€and€also€in€failing€to€reduce€her€child€support€payments.€€Mother€also€contends€that€the€trialÐ Ð  Ðcourt€erred€in€finding€her€in€criminal€contempt€of€court€for€failure€to€pay€child€support.€€She€arguesÐ ¼  Ðthat€the€evidence€submitted€at€trial€did€not€show,€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt,€that€she€had€the€abilityÐ ¨ø Ðto€pay€and€that€her€failure€to€pay€was€willful.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ”ä Ðà  àÔ‡XFõXXXFõÔWe€review€the€trial€courtððs€conclusions€regarding€the€change€of€custody€and€modification€ofÐ l¼ Ðchild€support€òòde€novoóó€on€the€record,€presuming€the€trial€courtððs€factual€findings€to€be€correct€unlessÐ X ¨ Ðthe€evidence€preponderates€otherwise.€Ô#†XFõXXXFõ _#ÔÔ‡XFõXXXFõÔ€€ò òòòHuntley€v.€Huntleyó óóó,€€61€S.W.3d€329,€334€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.Ð D!” Ð1991);€Ô#†XFõXXXFõj`#ÔÔ‡XFõXXXFõÔTenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(d).€€Regarding€the€finding€of€Ô#†XFõXXXFõ a#ÔÔ#†¼»XXFõÀN#ÔÔ‡¼»»¼ÔÔ‡XFõX»¼Ôcriminal€contempt,€we€ð ðmust€review€theÐ 0"€  Ðrecord€to€determine€if€the€proof€adduced€at€trial€supports€the€finding€of€the€trier€of€fact€of€guiltÐ #l! Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€ò òòòLevenhagen€v.€Levenhagenóóó ó,€No.€M1998„00967„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV,€2000Ð $X" ÐWL€1292446,€at€*7„*8€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Sept.€14,€2000);€ò òòòsee€Thigpen€v.€Thigpenóóó ó,€874€S.W.2d€51,Ð ô$D # Ð53€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1993)€(noting€that€an€appellate€court€does€not€view€the€evidence€in€a€light€mostÐ à%0!$ Ðfavorable€to€the€accused;€rather,€a€finding€of€criminal€contempt€will€be€reversed€only€when€theÐ Ì&"% Ðevidence€does€not€support€a€conviction€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€TheÐ ° Ðtrial€courtððs€conclusions€of€law€are€reviewed€òòde€novoóó,€with€no€presumption€of€correctness.€€ò òòòHuntleyó óóó,€Ð œì Ð61€S.W.3d€at€334Ô#†XFõXXXFõ¤a#ÔÔ‡XFõXXXFõÔ.Ô#†XFõXXXFõÒe#ÔÔ#†¼»XXFõÃa#ÔÔ‡¼»»¼ÔÔ‡XFõX»¼ÔÐ ˆØ Ðà  àWe€first€address€Motherððs€argument€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€declining€to€grant€her€petitionÐ `° Ðto€change€custody.€€A€valid€custody€order€is€òòres€judicataóó€to€requests€for€a€change€of€custody,€unless€Ð L œ Ða€material€change€of€circumstances€has€occurred€such€that€a€change€of€custody€would€be€in€the€bestÐ 8 ˆ Ðinterest€of€the€child.€€òòò òSee€Cranston€v.€Combsó óóó,€106€S.W.3d€641,€644€(Tenn.€2003).€€Though€there€areÐ $ t Ðno€ð ðbright„line€rulesðð€for€determining€whether€there€has€been€a€material€change€in€circumstances,Ð  ` Ðthe€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€has€identified€several€relevant€considerations:€Ð ü L  Ðà8  à(1)€whether€a€change€has€occurred€after€the€entry€of€the€order€sought€to€be€modified;Ð Ô$  Ð(2)€[if€so,]€whether€[the]€change€was€not€known€or€reasonably€anticipated€when€theÐ À  Ðorder€was€entered;€and€(3)€whether€the€change€is€one€that€affects€the€childððs€well„Ð ¬ü  Ðbeing€in€a€meaningful€way.Иè Ð Ð  Ðò òòòId.€Ð pÀ Ðà  àó óóóIn€this€case,€Mother€argues€that€since€the€June€2000€order€granting€custody€to€Father,€bothÐ @ Ðchildren€suffered€physical€and€emotional€abuse€while€in€Fatherððs€custody.€€Mother€notes€that€ClintÐ ,| Ðtried€to€run€away€from€Fatherððs€home€several€times,€and€that€Clint€said€that€Father€hit€and€chokedÐ h Ðhim€and€grounded€him€for€minor€offenses.€€She€claims€that€Father€did€not€help€Mark€with€hisÐ T Ðhomework€and€once€grounded€Mark€for€six€months.Ð ð@ Ðà  àAt€the€trial€in€this€cause,€the€trial€court€heard€the€evidence€on€which€Mother€relies€to€supportÐ È Ðher€claims€of€Fatherððs€physical€and€emotional€abuse,€and€concluded€that€the€evidence€was€notÐ ´ Ðcredible.€€Rather,€the€trial€court€observed€that€Father€is€a€strict€disciplinarian,€and€that€Mark€has€doneÐ  ð Ðwell€in€school€in€the€more€structured€environment€in€Fatherððs€household.€€Such€credibilityÐ ŒÜ Ðdeterminations€lie€within€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court,€ð ðand€we€routinely€decline€toÐ xÈ Ðsecond-guess€a€trial€courtððs€credibility€determinations€unless€there€is€concrete,€clear,€and€convincingÐ d´ Ðevidence€to€the€contrary.ðð€€ò òòòScott€v.€Scottóóó ó,€No.€M1999„00322„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV,€2001€WL€266038,€at€*4€Ð P   Ð(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Mar.€20,€2001)Ô#†XFõXXXFõ8f#ÔÔ‡XFõXXXFõÔÔ#†¼»XXFõWf#ÔÔ‡XFõX»¼Ô.€€Furthermore,€Mother€does€not€make€any€argument€as€to€why€ClintÐ