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N 2 E Ej  @ ? 2-v$9P e G ~+ t o l l q t | ~ j a Y R F >A Y= v: 7 4 2 81 }0 0   E0 F0 n S EP FP   } e P = 0     ( < K O P --   $    2    XXXX#XX##T.C.A.558131providesasfollows: P    8 ` Thedriverofavehicleabouttoenterorcrossahighwayfromaprivateroadordrivewayshallyieldtherightofwaytoallvehiclesapproachingonthehighway. ` `  ####<Q 9Z .Courier New RegularLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5  $    3    &X1XXX&)X&X1Seefootnote1ofthisopinion.<Q 9Z .Courier New Regular(3$ !    $    4    *X1XXX*)X*X1Seefootnote2ofthisopinion.Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5<Q 9Z .Courier New Regular d)'BG&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK( $ Figure  1  'dxd'C<< C($$   1  ' dxdP Pd !  ݛP XXXX7%XXdd7TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T@| | INTHECOURTOFAPPEALSxwOwxyOFTENNESSEEy P  zl 6&"h 8 `E tt06H lߛ HH(#(#z@ |ATKNOXVILLEPHYLLISPHILLIPS,   h   )C/ANO.03A01  9806CV00186   `     h   ) (#(#HH   ` PlaintiffAppellee,)   `     h   )̜and   `     h   ) .     `     h   )   `     h   )   `     h   )ARNOLDPHILLIPS,   h   ) 6    `     h   )   ` Plaintiff, h   )APPEALASOFRIGHTFROMTHE 2    `     h   )SCOTTCOUNTYCIRCUITCOURT   `     h   )   `     h   )v.   `     h   ) :    `     h   )   `     h   )   `     h   )   `     h   )   `     h   )VICTORIALIEB,    h   ) ">    `     h   )HONORABLECONRADTROUTMAN,   ` DefendantAppellant.)JUDGEForAppellants    h     ForAppellees h($ STEPHENA.MARCUM   h     CHARLESB.SEXTON *& P.EDWARDPRATT   h     PHILIPA.KAZEE * ' JASONI.EPSTEIN   h     Sexton,Sexton&Kazee,P.C. +p!( Baker,Donelson,Bearman,    Oneida,Tennessee ,F") Ѐ&CaldwellKnoxville,Tennessee@$XXXX tJ XXOPINION    tJXX  Ԉ 5x+4  ^:09 AFFIRMEDANDREMANDED h      p      x Susano,J.  ^:09      ` ThisisanegligenceactionarisingoutofatwovehiclecollisionthatoccurredonU.S.Highway27( Highway27")nearitsintersectionwithMainStreetinOneida,Tennessee.Thejuryreturnedaverdictfortheplaintiff,PhyllisPhillips,intheamountof$25,000,findingthedefendant,VictoriaLieb,100%atfault.Thedefendantappealed,arguingthatthetrialcourtϜerredinitschargetothejury.Shepresentsthefollowingissueforourreview:  8 ` DidthetrialcourterrinrefusingtochargethejuryregardingtheprovisionsofT.C.A.558140(5)(F)  #  1      כandinchargingthejurywithrespect  totheprovisionsofT.C.A.558131?@   #  2      כ` `  @tt)I.   ` Thisaccidentoccurredshortlyafter2:00p.m.onNovember3,1995.Highway27inOneidaisaheavilytraveledϜroad.ThecollisionoccurredatapointwherethesouthboundlanesonHighway27mergeintoonelane;thenorthboundflowof 'B# trafficexpandsintotwolanes;andacenterturnlaneseparatesnorthboundandsouthboundtraffic.Thecenterturnlaneismarked,attheintersectionofHighway27andMainStreet,witharrowspointingleft,indicatingthatdriversfrombothdirectionscanusethelanetoturnleftontoMainStreet.Acautionlightabovetheturnlanealertsdriverstobeawareofthetrafficflowastheyapproachtheintersection.   ` PlaintiffwastravelingsouthboundonHighway27onherwaytoavideostoreonMainStreet.Afterputtingonherleftturnsignal,sheenteredtheturnlaneforthepurposeofturningleftontoMainStreet.Whensheenteredtheturnlane,shelookedtomakesurethatnoothercarswereinthatlane.ϜShortlythereafter,hervehiclecollidedintheturnlanewiththerightfrontfenderofthevehicledrivenbythedefendant.Theplaintifftestifiedthatshedidnotseethedefendantbeforethemomentofimpact.   ` Justbeforetheaccident,thedefendanthadstoppedattheBPGasStationlocatedonthewestsideofHighway27toputairinhertires.Shewasonherwayhome.ShelivedafewmilesnorthoftheBPGasStation.WhenshelefttheBPGasStation,trafficwasheavyinbothdirections.ShepulleduptoenterHighway27fromtheBPparkinglot,intendingtogonorthbound.AdriverinthesouthboundlanestoppedandmotionedϜhertocrossinfrontoftheformerscar.Thedefendantpulledacrossthesinglesouthboundlaneandenteredtheturnlaneatanangle,headingnorth,intendingtomergeintothenorthboundϜlanesofHighway27.Hervehiclethencollidedwiththeplaintiffsvehicle. X:0: Ї   ` ThetrialcourtrefusedthedefendantsrequestthatitinstructthejurywithrespecttotheprovisionsofT.C.A.558140(5)(F).%  #  3      כItdidchargethejuryastotheprovisionsof  P T.C.A.558131,(@  #  4      כasrequestedbytheplaintiff.Afterher H motionforanewtrialwasdenied,thedefendantappealed.@88)II.   ` Wereviewthejurychargeinitsentiretyandasawholetodeterminewhetherthetrialjudgecommittedreversibleerror. Otisv.CambridgeMut.FireIns.Co .,850S.W.2d439,446  (Tenn.1992); InreEstateofElam ,738S.W.2d169,174(Tenn. X 1987); Grissomv.MetropolitanGovtofNashville ,817S.W.2d p  679,685(Tenn.App.1991).Thechargewillnotbeinvalidatedifit fairlydefinesthelegalissuesinvolvedinthecaseanddoesnotmisleadthejury. Otis ,850S.W.2dat446; Grissom ,817 #8 S.W.2dat685.   ` Atthetriallevel,thelowertribunalisthe finalϜarbiter[]ofthelegalprinciplesproperlyapplicabletoaparticularcase. Bettyv.MetropolitanGovt .,835S.W.2d1,10 +!( (Tenn.App.1992); Stroudv.State ,279S.W.2d82,89(Tenn.App. -h#* 1955).In Laddv.HondaMotorCo.,LTD .,939S.W.2d83 /0%, (Tenn.App.1996),wesetoutcriteriatobeusedbytrialcourtstodeterminewhenrequestedinstructionsshouldbegiven:̛̜ @6+4   8 ` ...trialcourtsshouldgivearequestedinstruction(1)ifitissupportedbytheevidence,(2)ifitembodiesthepartystheoryofthecase,(3)ifitisacorrectstatementofthelaw,and(4)ifitssubstancehasnotalreadybeenincludedinotherportionsofthecharge.Ϝ Spellmeyerv.TennesseeFarmersMut.Ins.Co .,879 H S.W.2d843,846(Tenn.Ct.App.1993).Itshoulddenyrequestedinstructionsthatareerroneousorincomplete. Bettyv.MetropolitanGovt ,835   S.W.2d1,10(Tenn.Ct.App.1992). ` `   Id .at102103.Wewillnotreverseatrialcourtunlessthe   errorisprejudicialandit moreprobablythannotaffectedthejudgment.T.R.A.P.36(b).Seealso DeRossettv.Malone ,239 x( S.W.2d366,378(Tenn.App.1950).@(III.   ` WefirstaddresstherefusalofthetrialcourttoinstructthejurywithrespecttotheprovisionsofT.C.A.558140(5)(F).   ` ӜIngeneral,T.C.A.558140addressesvehicles intendingtoturnatanintersection.X1XXX1ԀSpecifically,s#X1XXX1%#ubsection (*& (5)ofthestatuteaddressestheuseof TWOWAYLEFTTURNLANES.Whenthestatuteisreadinitsentirety,itisclearthatsubsection(5)(F)appliesonlytoleftturnlanesandonly  /$, Мwhenthoselanesarebeingutilizedbyvehiclesintendingtoturnleftoutoftheturnlane.   ` ThedefendantstrenuouslyarguesthatT.C.A.558140(5)(F)definesher dutyofcareowedtotheplaintiff.Further,shecontendsthatsinceshethedefendantwasthe (9.8 firstvehicletoentertheleftturnlane,shehadtherightofwayunderT.C.A.558140(5)(F).Wedonotfindthatthedefendantsallegedliabilityinthiscaseisgovernedbythisparticularstatute.   ` ThedefendantadmittedinheranswerandtestifiedattrialthattheaccidentoccurredasshewasattemptingtomovefromtheBPGasStation,acrosssouthboundtrafficandintotheϜnorthboundtrafficlanes;butitisclearthatthestatuteunderdiscussionisnotapplicabletosuchamovement.Rather,byitsclearterms,itestablishesthecriteriafordeterminingtherightofwayforvehicleswhoentertheleftturnlaneforthe 8 purposeofmakingaleftturnoutoftheturnlane.The H defendantdidnotentertheleftturnlaneforthepurposeofmakingaleftturn;sheenteredthatlaneforthepurposeofmergingintothenorthboundtrafficlanes.T.C.A.558140(5)(F),byitsexpressterms,simplydoesnotapplytoavehicleenteringtheleftturnlaneforsomepurposeotherthanthemakingofaleftturn.   ` ThetrialjudgecorrectlyrefusedtogivetherequestedinstructionregardingT.C.A.558140(5)(F).Suchaninstructionwasnotsupportedbytheevidence,andhencewouldhaveconfusedandmisledthejury.Atrialcourt mustgivesubstantiallyaccurateinstructionsconcerningthelawapplicabletothemattersatissue. Ladd ,939S.W.2dat94.Atrialcourt 3)2 mustdenyrequestedinstructionsthatdonotapplytothelegal issuesofthecaseandcould,therefore,misleadthejury. Otis, X7-6  850S.W.2dat446.Wefindnoerrorinthetrialcourtsrefusal P  tochargeT.C.A.558140(5)(F). @88)IV.   ` ThedefendantnextcontendsthatthetrialcourtcommittedprejudicialerrorwhenitinstructedthejuryregardingtheprovisionsofT.C.A.558131.   ` ThedefendantemphasizesinherbriefthatsinceT.C.A.558131applieswhenavehicleisabouttoenterorcrossa  highway,thestatuteisnotapplicabletoherbecauseshehadalreadyenteredandcrossedthesouthboundlaneofHighway27,Ϝandhadenteredtheturnlanepriortothecollision.Wedisagreewiththedefendantsanalysis.   ` Weaddressedthissameissuein Inabinetv.Cravath , $  749S.W.2d40(Tenn.App.1987),whereinwestated:  8 ` TennesseeCodeAnn.558131referstoa driverofavehicleabouttoenterorcrossahighway * ' (emphasisadded).Beforeentering,thatis,immediatelyprecedinghisentryontothehighway,thedrivermustascertainthatthereisnoapproachingtrafficthatwouldinterferewithhisenteringthehighwaywithsafety.Thestatuteappliestocircumstancesthatexistbeforethedriverentersthehighwayfromaprivatedrive.Thestatutedoesnotapplytocircumstancesthatoccurafterthedriverhasenteredthehighway. ` `  3 Id .at41.Theevidenceattrialestablishedthatsouthbound x6(,5 trafficonHighway27aroundthetimeoftheaccidentwasheavyϜandthattherewerevehiclesapproachingthepertinentareaof 9/9 theroadwaywhenthedefendantpulledfromtheBPGasStationϜintendingtoenterthenorthboundtrafficlanes.Themotioningofanotherdriverisnotanadequatesubstituteforonesownassurancethatthereisnoapproachingtrafficthatwillinterferewithkthelattersklthatdriverlsafemlymnentrynqoqrninrnntonoenteringoqqppppthehighway.ItisclearthatthestrafficscircumstancesexistingatthetimethedefendantlefttheBPGasStationparkinglotwerethosethatϜpotentiallyinterferedwithhersafeentryintothenorthboundlanesofHighway27.ThejuryhadtodeterminewhetherthedefendantcouldsafelymoveoffprivatepropertyanddrivenorthonHighway27.Thus,thetrialcourtdidnoterrwhenitchargedthejurywithrespecttotheprovisionsofT.C.A.558131.ThestatutecorrectlyfocusedthejurysattentiononHighway27trafficatthetimeimmediatelyprecedingthedefendantsmoveoffofprivateproperty.Itwasforthejurytosaywhethersuchamovecouldthenbemadeuwithuvinvsafety.@tt)V.   ` Thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisaffirmed.Costsonappealaretaxedagainsttheappellant.Thiscaseisremandedtothetrialcourtforenforcementofthejudgmentandcollectionofcostsassessedthere,allpursuanttoapplicablelaw.   `     h     __________________________   `     h     CharlesD.Susano,Jr.,J.̜t  `5+4 tCONCUR:________________________HoustonM.Goddard,P.J.________________________DonT.McMurray,J.