ÿWPC f~zÖ°ªCÆÿ¦ýÓ•ì —‚ù?þj—è®·ZÄq¯lÐýBþqÀÇpñ½º 8 m‚qoÖ“T›N¼ ãcbÔ{‘¹Ään€`™í žBÂŽ¢¦FIÝ£—+®Š²íÔ‚ö„_l¯8Ï z)`VMƒg{PŸ­Ä­]>ækðg\„|Yxñ !—ûÈŸpÖ˜~Þqp"y»¨¬–ãŸyÐ8u††ÝØZßy\Ž2 D¯BpŒÒIÿD(¿4Ýa¾¼¨+I$”#äŽ#}.oba«·<½,…ÿŠBáê[÷B’V·¦ÛIL"È 9âûî Naýa»VƒC{ÏÇc8~JíÓ+SϘI š–A w–­ôº†>ŽXc ¶!ßIÙZˆ½w6a[ÖǶv"âIìš<U™w‡Xv‘¯g* M3ê£Nºó¶rŠ2å~¿ñË, AY_Lª Àj\+;[Žž»ÃoúÓN§"Ôzå5ÃÖ*6gMf,G0¡‚8*œ×KœN̘ ¸$’j2Œ©¼@)£Ö)£GmÝòHó~‰ózÄΫv=Œ¥'Jî½O¡%>Ýp(å‘5òœ7¾QÀœ‡æíBÔ_zƒT0Â;óÅñ— b#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ UN· w 4 z Ò— i x mz ‘ Æ™ Æ_ Æ% Æë ë N± 0D³ ÷Eb 0ë     B÷÷ 0¤ D3¸ D-ë 0K AScƶ 0¤| 0D  A«d˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»CŽ>-s (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular¬|&-¢Ø+00 ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Ý ƒRA5$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôáÅò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€cited€rule€refers€to€the€Elevator€Safety€Code,€as€approved€by€the€American€Society€of€MechanicalÐ ° ÐEngineers.- ù-(|G2A5$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€LM»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôáÅò»»Ô d(|3Ç|$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€LM»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Ç|$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€LM»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€LM»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼LM»»»ÔÑ8€XXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ‡îUœî»¼LMÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼LM»îîUœ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓJune€27,€2002€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XX»¼LMÔÌò òÔ#†¼LM»XXò#ÔJAMES€MICHAEL€RAULSTONòòóó€v.€MONTGOMERY€ELEVATORÐ úJ ÐCOMPANY€d/b/a€MONTGOMERY€KONE,€INC.€,€òòet€alóó.Ô‡XX»¼LMÔó óÐ  ^ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Knox€CountyÐ  ^ Ðà@@øøìàNo.€1„358„99€€€€€Dale€C.€Workman,€Judge€Ð ú J ÐÌFILED€SEPTEMBER€30,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ Ò"  Ðà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<½` AßÐ ¾  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2002„00216„COA„R3„CVÐ ¹  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<` AßÐ ‘á  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThis€is€a€negligence€action€stemming€from€injuries€allegedly€sustained€by€Plaintiff€James€MichaelÐ ŒÜ ÐRaulston€when€the€elevator€in€which€he€was€riding€allegedly€fell€approximately€€five€floors€and€cameÐ xÈ Ðto€an€abrupt€stop.€Mr.€Raulston€sued€Defendant€Montgomery€KONE,€Inc.€(ð ðMontgomery€Ô_ÔKONEÔ_Ôðð),Ð d´ Ðalleging€it€was€negligent€in€failing€to€properly€maintain€the€subject€elevator€in€a€safe€condition.€Ð P  ÐMontgomery€KONE€filed€a€motion€for€summary€judgment,€which€the€Trial€Court€granted.€€Mr.Ð <Œ ÐRaulston€argues€on€appeal€that€the€Courtððs€grant€of€summary€judgment€was€improper.€€We€find€thereÐ (x Ðare€genuine€issues€of€material€fact€and€therefore€vacate€the€judgment€of€the€Trial€Court.€Ð d ÐÓãÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Vacated;€CauseÐ ì< ÐRemandedó óÐ Ø( ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼LM»àX²#ÔÔ‡XX.¼LMÔHouston€M.€Goddard,€P.J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòCharles€D.€Susano,€Jr.óóÐ ° Ðand€òòD.€Michael€Swiney,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð œì ÐÌJudy€Pinkston€McCarthy€and€Dennis€McCarthy,€Knoxville,€for€the€Appellant,€James€MichaelÐ t Ä ÐRaulstonÐ `!°  ÐÌR.€Kim€Burnette,€Knoxville,€for€the€Appellee,€Montgomery€KONE,€Inc.€Ð 8#ˆ" ÐÌÌÓàÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼LM»XX #ÔÔ‡XX»¼LMÔÐ è&8"& ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼LM»XX #ÔÔ€XX»¼LMÔÓ  Óà  àMr.€Raulston€is€an€employee€of€the€University€of€Tennessee€Medical€Center€at€KnoxvilleÐ À($( Ð(ð ðUTMCðð).€€At€the€time€of€the€accident,€he€was€employed€as€a€transporter€and€was€assigned€toÐ ¬)ü$) Ðoperate€an€elevator,€which€was€referred€to€as€elevator€EP„04.€€Mr.€Raulston€alleged€that€on€June€3,Ð ˜*è%* Ð1998,€he€was€operating€elevator€EP„04€and€had€gone€up€to€the€eighth€floor€to€pick€up€another€UTMCÐ „+Ô&+ Ðemployee€and€a€stretcher.€€Mr.€Raulston€pushed€the€button€for€the€lobby€floor.€€According€to€hisÐ p,À', Ðaffidavit,€the€following€then€occurred:Ð \-¬(-ýà Їà8  àà8` Ð Ð àInstead€of€going€to€the€lobby,€however,€the€elevator€stopped€on€theÐ ° Ðseventh€floor.€€I€pushed€the€button€for€lobby€again.€€The€elevator,Ð œì Ðwithout€warning,€then€dropped€from€the€seventh€floor€to€between€theÐ ˆØ Ðfirst€and€second€floors.€€I€was€standing€when€the€elevator€dropped.ÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌBoth€employees€on€the€elevator€allegedly€sustained€injuries€as€a€result€of€its€fall.€€Ð L œ ÐÌà  àMr.€Raulston€filed€the€instant€action€against€Dover€Elevator€Company€d/b/a€Thyssen„DoverÐ $ t ÐElevator€(ð ðDoverðð),€the€alleged€manufacturer€of€the€elevator,€and€Montgomery€KONE,€which€heÐ  ` Ðalleged€was€under€contract€with€UTMC€to€maintain€the€elevator.€€His€action€against€Dover€wasÐ ü L  Ðsubsequently€settled€and€thus€Montgomery€KONE€remains€the€sole€defendant€and€party€to€thisÐ è 8  Ðappeal.€Ð Ô$  Ðà  àÌà  àAs€noted€above,€Montgomery€KONE€moved€for€summary€judgment,€which€was€granted€byÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€Trial€Court.€Mr.€Raulston€appeals,€raising€issues€which€we€restate€and€summarize€as€follows:Ð ˜è  ÐÌà0  à1.€Whether€there€exist€genuine€issues€of€material€fact€which€render€summary€judgmentÐ pÀ Ðinappropriate.Ð\¬(#(# Ðà  àÌà0  à2.€Whether€Montgomery€KONE€was€guilty€of€negligence€òòper€seóó.Ð4„(#(# ÐÌOur€review€of€the€record€leads€us€to€the€conclusion€that€there€are€issues€of€material€fact€whichÐ  \ Ðpreclude€summary€judgment€in€this€case.Ð øH ÐÌà  àIn€òòStaples€v.€CBL€&€Associates,€Inc.óó,€15€S.W.3d€83,€89€(Tenn.€2000)€the€Tennessee€SupremeÐ Ð  ÐCourt€stated€the€following€as€to€the€standard€of€review€specifically€applicable€to€summaryÐ ¼  Ðjudgments:Ð ¨ø ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThe€standards€governing€the€assessment€of€evidence€in€the€summaryÐ €Ð Ðjudgment€context€are€also€well€established.€€Courts€must€view€theÐ l¼ Ðevidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€nonmoving€party€and€mustÐ X ¨ Ðalso€draw€all€reasonable€inferences€in€the€nonmoving€partyððs€favor.€Ð D!” ÐòòSeeóó€òòRobinson€v.€Omeróó,€952€S.W.2d€at€426;€òòByrd€v.€Hallóó,€847€S.W.2dÐ 0"€  Ðat€210„11.€€Courts€should€grant€a€summary€judgment€only€when€bothÐ #l! Ðthe€facts€and€the€inferences€to€be€drawn€from€the€facts€permit€aÐ $X" Ðreasonable€person€to€reach€only€one€conclusion.€€òòSeeóó€òòMcCall€v.Ð ô$D # ÐWilderóó,€913€S.W.2d€150,€153€(Tenn.€1995);€òòCarvell€v.€Bottomsóó,€900Ð à%0!$ ÐS.W.2d€23,€26€(Tenn.€1995).ÐÌ&"%` x` x ÐÌÌà  àIt€appears€from€the€record€that€there€exists€a€genuine€issue€of€material€fact€regarding€€whetherÐ )à$( Ðâ âthe€elevator€at€issue€actually€fell.€In€support€of€its€motion€for€summary€judgment,€MontgomeryÐ |*Ì%) ÐKONE€filed€the€affidavit€of€Jeff€Robbins,€the€Service€Manager€for€its€Knoxville€branch€office.€€Mr.Ð ° ÐRobbinsðð€affidavit€states€the€following€in€relevant€part:Ð œì Ðâ âÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àKONE€has€provided€maintenance€to€certain€elevatorÐ tÄ Ðequipment€at€the€University€of€Tennessee€Medical€Center€sinceÐ `° Ðapproximately€June,€1995.€€One€of€the€elevators€included€within€ourÐ L œ Ðmaintenance€agreement€is€an€elevator€unit€designated€by€UT€as€EP„Ð 8 ˆ Ð04.Ð$ t` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àà  à*à0h` x` xàà0Àhxhxà*à0ÀxÀxàà0pxxà*Ð `pxpx Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àFollowing€a€reported€incident€at€UT€Medical€Center€on€JuneÐ ü L  Ð3,€1998,€in€which€elevator€EP„04€was€alleged€to€have€dropped€severalÐ è 8  Ðfloors,€and€then€coming€to€a€sudden€stop,€certain€inspections€of€thisÐ Ô$  Ðequipment€were€undertaken.€ÐÀ ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àImmediately€following€the€incident,€one€of€our€serviceÐ ¬ü  Ðmechanics,€Don€Grubb,€arrived€at€the€scene€shortly€thereafter.€€TheÐ ˜è  Ðcar€at€that€time€was€stopped€between€floor€ð ð2"€and€ð ðL.ðð€MechanicÐ „Ô  ÐGrubb€then€went€to€the€mechanical€room€to€lower€the€elevator€car€toÐ pÀ Ðthe€lobby€floor€level.€€Prior€to€doing€so,€he€verified€that€neither€theÐ \¬ Ðgovernor€overspeed€switch€nor€the€governor€tripping€mechanism€wereÐ H˜ Ðengaged,€indicating€that€the€elevator€had€not€been€in€an€overspeed€orÐ 4„ ÐÔ_ÔfreefallÔ_Ô€condition.€After€closing€the€doors€to€the€elevator€car,€the€carÐ  p Ðwas€lowered€and€the€passengers€were€removed.€€The€unit€wasÐ  \ Ðreturned€to€service€at€that€time.€€ÐøH` x` x ÐÌà  àApproximately€three€hours€later,€the€elevator€was€shut€down€at€Ô_ÔUTMCÔ_Ôððs€request€and€a€moreÐ Ð  Ðthorough€inspection€took€place.€€Mr.€Robbinsðð€affidavit€states€that€ð ðour€inspection€revealed€noÐ ¼  Ðindication€that€any€overspeed€or€free€fall€condition€had€occurred.ðð€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àThe€record€contains€a€letter€from€Mr.€Robbins€to€UTMCððs€Director€of€Engineering€whichÐ €Ð Ðagain€noted€that€ð ðthe€governor€overspeed€switch€was€not€tripped,€indicating€the€car€did€notÐ l¼ Ðoverspeed.ðð€The€letter€continues€as€follows:Ð X ¨ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àI€read€in€one€of€the€accident€reports€that€there€was€a€stretcher€on€theÐ 0"€  Ðcar.€€There€is€another€possibility€that€should€be€considered.€€Could€theÐ #l! Ðstretcher€have€inadvertently€come€in€contact€with€the€stop€switch€inÐ $X" Ðthe€car€operating€panel?€€At€this€point,€considering€what€we€found,Ð ô$D # Ðthis€might€be€the€most€likely€cause€of€the€elevator€stopping.€Ðà%0!$` x` x ÐÌà  à€Montgomery€Ô_ÔKONEÔ_Ôððs€Statement€of€Undisputed€Facts,€filed€pursuant€to€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€P.Ð ¸'#& Ð56.03,€states€that€ð ð[t]he€inspection€and€testing€process€of€the€subject€equipment€revealed€that€òòthereÐ ¤(ô#' Ðhad€been€no€overspeed€or€free€fall€condition€that€had€occurredóó.ðð€(Emphasis€added).€€This€isÐ )à$( Ðobviously€a€very€different€factual€scenario€than€that€contained€in€Mr.€Ô_ÔRaulstonÔ_Ôððs€affidavit.€€As€theÐ |*Ì%) ÐSupreme€Court€has€recently€stated,€if€there€is€ð ðany€doubt€whether€or€not€a€genuine€issue€exists,ððÐ h+¸&* Ðsummary€judgment€should€be€denied.€€òòMcCarley€v.€West€Quality€Food€Serviceóó,€960€S.W.2d€585Ð ° Ð(Tenn.€1998);€òòByrd€v.€Hallóó,€847€S.W.2d€208€(Tenn.€1993).€Ð œì ÐÌà  àMontgomery€Ô_ÔKONEÔ_Ô€argues€on€appeal€that€Mr.€Raulston€failed€to€provide€evidence€of€anyÐ tÄ Ðcausal€connection€between€its€actions€and€the€alleged€accident.€€We€must€respectfully€disagree.€€TheÐ `° Ðevidence€presented,€taken€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€non„moving€party,€suggests€that€thereÐ L œ Ðwere€numerous€problems€with€the€maintenance€of€the€elevators€at€UTMC,€including€the€subjectÐ 8 ˆ Ðelevator€EP„04.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔRaulstonÔ_Ôððs€affidavit€states€that€Ð $ t ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àIn€March€1997,€I€was€in€an€elevator,€EP„04,€located€in€the€EastÐ ü L  ÐPavilion€at€Ô_ÔUTMCÔ_Ô.€€I€was€assigned€to€run€the€elevator.€€With€aÐ è 8  Ðhospital€patient€on€the€elevator,€the€elevator€dropped€€two€and€one„Ð Ô$  Ðhalf€floors.€I€injured€my€back€and€was€treated.€€I€returned€to€workÐ À  Ðabout€three€days€later.€Ð¬ü ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àWhen€I€returned€to€work,€I€assumed€the€elevator€had€beenÐ ˜è  Ðrepaired.€€My€supervisor,€Marshall€Williams,€had€written€at€least€oneÐ „Ô  Ðmemorandum€complaining€about€the€performance€of€the€elevator,€EP„Ð pÀ Ð04.Ð\¬` x` x ÐÌà  àThere€is€a€letter€in€the€record€dated€March€5,€1998,€from€Mr.€Williams€to€the€MaintenanceÐ 4„ ÐSupervisor€at€UTMC,€which€states:Ð  p ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àPresently€there€is€an€issue€with€the€East€Pavilion€Patient€Elevators,Ð øH Ðmainly€EP„04.€€It€seems€they€constantly€fail€to€properly€line€up€withÐ ä4 Ðthe€floor,€causing€a€ðð€to€1„inch€variance.€€This€makes€it€veryÐ Ð  Ðuncomfortable€for€a€patient€to€move€via€a€stretcher€or€bed.€€PatientsÐ ¼  Ðreceive€quite€a€jolt€when€crossing€this€bump.€€Also,€the€actual€movingÐ ¨ø Ðof€patients€is€very€difficult€especially€by€bed€or€specialty€bed,€as€theyÐ ”ä Ðwill€not€roll€over€the€slightest€bump.€€They€physically€must€be€liftedÐ €Ð Ðover.€€This€opens€the€potential€for€Workmanððs€Comp€injury€for€theÐ l¼ Ðtransporter.€€I€have€brought€this€to€the€attention€of€the€elevatorÐ X ¨ Ðmaintenance€person€but€the€problem€isnððt€resolved.ÐD!”` x` x ÐÌà  àIn€addition,€Mr.€Raulston€stated€the€following€in€his€affidavit:Ð #l! Ðà8  àÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAs€the€transporter€who€operated€the€elevator,€EP„04,€I€have€personalÐ ô$D # Ðknowledge€that€on€an€ongoing€basis€the€elevator€did€not€levelÐ à%0!$ Ðproperly,€it€had€dropped€on€a€prior€occasion€injuring€me,€it€oftenÐ Ì&"% Ðstopped€on€the€wrong€level,€the€door€occasionally€closed€onÐ ¸'#& Ðpassengers,€and€the€doors€from€time€to€time€failed€to€open.Ф(ô#'` x` x ÐÌà  àIn€support€of€his€effort€to€avoid€summary€judgment,€Mr.€Ô_ÔRaulstonÔ_Ô€submitted€the€affidavit€ofÐ |*Ì%) ÐCharles€A.€Buckman,€an€expert€in€the€field€of€vertical€transportation€and€the€evaluation€of€codeÐ h+¸&* Ðcompliance€and€safe€operation€of€elevators.€Mr.€Buckmanððs€affidavit€states€as€follows€in€relevantÐ ° Ðpart:Ð œì ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àI€make€this€preliminary€affidavit€to€show€the€Court€that€thereÐ tÄ Ðare€genuine€issues€of€material€fact€concerning€the€operation,Ð `° Ðmaintenance,€inspection,€and€servicing€of€the€subject€elevator€(EP„04)Ð L œ Ðby€all€of€the€defendants€in€that€overspeeding€an€elevator€and€havingÐ 8 ˆ Ðan€elevator€perform€emergency€stops€as€occurred€in€this€case€does€notÐ $ t Ðoccur€in€the€absence€of€negligence.€Ð `` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àà  àà h à*à0À` x` xàà0ÀxÀxà*à0pxxàà0Èpxpxà*Ðü L ÈxÈx Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àRepresentatives€of€an€elevator€consulting€firm,€Lerch€BatesÐ è 8  ÐNorth€America.€.€.conducted€a€general€inspection€of€the€elevators€atÐ Ô$  Ðthe€University€of€Tennessee€Medical€Center€and€reported€the€resultsÐ À  Ðto€the€Medical€Center€on€June€17,€1996.€€On€November€18,€1996,Ð ¬ü  ÐLerch€Bates€submitted€a€follow„up€report€to€its€June€17€audit.Ð ˜è  Ð(Exhibit€C).€€Lerch€Bates€noted,€ð ðWe€were€disappointed€to€find€thatÐ „Ô  Ðof€the€original€281€items€only€126€actually€had€been€addressed.ðð€€òòId.Ð pÀ ÐóóSome€of€the€uncorrected€problems€involved€safety„related€issues.€€OnÐ \¬ ÐJune€18,€1997,€in€a€letter€to€the€Medical€Center,€Lerch€Bates€notedÐ H˜ Ðthat€from€September€1996€through€April€of€1997,€281€calls€onÐ 4„ Ðelevator€problems€had€been€reported,€62€of€which€involvedÐ  p Ðentrapment€of€people€on€the€elevators.€(Exhibit€D,€letter€to€HarryÐ  \ ÐWhetsell€from€Robert€Young.)€€This€number€of€calls€did€not€includeÐ øH Ðð ðrunning€on€arrivalðð€calls„„that€is,€calls€made€to€KONE€after€aÐ ä4 Ðmalfunctioning€elevator€was€turned€off,€only€to€have€the€elevatorÐ Ð  Ðoperate€normally€when€KONE€arrived€and€turned€the€elevator€backÐ ¼  Ðon.€€òòId.óó€€Lerch€Bates€noted,€Ð¨ø` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8¸ ` x` xàThe€need€for€safety€sometimes€requires€the€unit€beÐ €Ð Ðturned€off€before€it€can€be€thoroughly€investigated€byÐ l¼ ÐMontgomery€but€this€can€sometimes€clear€a€problemÐ X ¨ Ðwith€the€elevator€when€the€unit€is€turned€back€on.€Ð D!” ÐHaving€a€problem€clear€itself€in€this€fashion€is€by€noÐ 0"€  Ðmeans€a€permanent€solution€to€the€problem€andÐ #l! Ðpossibly€more€detailed€information€of€the€problemÐ $X" Ðmay€be€required€by€Montgomery€for€a€thoroughÐ ô$D # Ðinvestigation€of€the€suspect€unit.€€The€repetitivenessÐ à%0!$ Ðof€the€ð ðRunning€on€Arrivalðð€solution€on€some€unitsÐ Ì&"% Ðgives€us€concern€of€whether€the€calls€are€beingÐ ¸'#& Ðthoroughly€investigated€and€corrected.€WeÐ ¤(ô#' Ðrecommend€Montgomery€closely€watch€for€this€typeÐ )à$( Ðof€problem€and€take€positive€action€to€reduce€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðnumber€of€occurrences.Ðh+¸&*¸ ¸  Їà8  àà8` Ð Ð àòòId.€óóLerch€Bates€concluded€that€ð ðthe€callbacks€are€still€extremelyÐ ° Ðexcessive€and€we€are€concerned€over€the€total€number€of€calls€as€wellÐ œì Ðas€the€repetition€of€the€ð ðRunning€on€Arrivalðð€solutions.ðð€€òòId.ЈØ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àóóThe€typical€number€of€trouble€calls€to€be€expected€annually€isÐ tÄ Ðsix€calls€per€elevator.€€The€University€of€Tennessee€Medical€CenterÐ `° Ðhas€35€units,€some€of€which€are€dumbwaiters.€€Based€on€my€reviewÐ L œ Ðof€the€documents€that€I€examined,€I€discovered€that€during€the€yearÐ 8 ˆ Ðbeginning€April€1,€1996,€there€were€562€trouble€calls,€136€of€whichÐ $ t Ðwere€entrapments.€€This€means€there€was€an€average€of€16€calls€perÐ  ` Ðunit€or€2.6€times€the€national€average.€€On€average,€each€elevatorÐ ü L  Ðexperienced€a€trouble€call€every€23€days,€with€an€entrapment€onceÐ è 8  Ðeach€quarter.€€This€unconscionable€record,€which€was€of€such€concernÐ Ô$  Ðto€Lerch€Bates,€could€only€be€achieved€through€KONEððs€negligence.€Ð À  ÐIt€clearly€demonstrates€the€negligent€maintenance€experienced€by€theÐ ¬ü  ÐUniversity€of€Tennessee€Medical€Center.€Ð˜è ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àThe€level€of€poor€maintenance€and€need€for€repair€that€LerchÐ „Ô  ÐBates€indicated€in€Exhibits€C„D€does€not€meet€the€industry€standardÐ pÀ Ðof€care€and€demonstrates€gross€negligence€on€the€part€of€KONE,Ð \¬ Ðwhich€was€responsible€for€the€proper€maintenance€and€repair€of€theÐ H˜ Ðelevators€under€the€maintenance€contract€provided€in€Exhibit€B.Ð4„` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àBased€on€the€foregoing€factual€information,€I€conclude,€albeitÐ  p Ðpreliminarily,€that€several€defective€or€dangerous€conditions€existedÐ  \ Ðin€EP„04€that€would€not€be€present€in€the€absence€of€negligence.€Ð øH ÐDescriptive€terms€such€as€ð ðfalling,ðð€ð ðbouncing,ðð€ð ðnot€leveling,ðð€andÐ ä4 Ðð ðsticking€between€floorsðð€made€by€witnesses€as€well€as€the€oft„Ð Ð  Ðrepeated€stranding€of€passengers€in€stalled€elevators€are€clearÐ ¼  Ðindicators€of€problems€with€elevators.€Ð¨ø` x` x ÐÌà  àTaking€the€above€evidence€in€the€record€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€Mr.€Raulston,€as€weÐ €Ð Ðmust€under€our€summary€judgment€standard,€we€find€that€it€provides€a€basis€from€which€a€trier€ofÐ l¼ Ðfact€could€reasonably€conclude€that€the€proximate€cause€of€the€accident,€and€Mr.€Raulstonððs€injury,Ð X ¨ Ðwas€the€negligent€maintenance€of€the€elevator€at€issue.€€Generally€speaking,€issues€of€causation€inÐ D!” Ðnegligence€cases€are€for€the€trier€of€fact€to€decide.€€ð ðSuch€issues€can€only€be€decided€by€the€court€inÐ 0"€  Ðcases€where€inferences€from€uncontroverted€facts€are€so€certain€that€all€reasonable€men€in€theÐ #l! Ðexercise€of€free€and€impartial€judgment€must€agree€upon€them.ðð€òòBrookins€v.€The€Round€Table,€Incóó.,Ð $X" Ð624€S.W.2d€547€(Tenn.€1981).€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àWe€next€address€Mr.€Raulstonððs€argument€that€Montgomery€KONE€was€guilty€of€negligenceÐ Ì&"% Ðòòper€seóó.€€In€support€of€this€argument,€he€points€to€the€following€portion€of€Mr.€Buckmanððs€affidavit:Ð ¸'#& Ðâ âÐ ¤(ô#' Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àUnder€ASME€A17.1€Rule€1002.3,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€the€maintenance€contractor€wasÐ ° Ðâ ârequired€to€perform€an€inspection€every€five€years,€including€a€ð ðsafelyÐ œì Ðlower,€hold€and€stop€testðð€with€125€percent€of€its€rated€load.€.€.€.TheÐ ˆØ Ðpurpose€of€the€test€is€to€prevent€accidents€to€individuals€riding€on€theÐ tÄ Ðelevator.€€I€inspected€all€maintenance€records€for€Elevator€EP„04€andÐ `° Ðthe€other€elevators€at€the€University€of€Tennessee€Medical€Center,Ð L œ Ðhowever,€and€failed€to€uncover€any€evidence€to€show€that€the€requiredÐ 8 ˆ Ðtest€was€performed€during€the€period€in€which€Dover€ElevatorÐ $ t ÐCompany,€the€prior€contractor,€had€the€maintenance€contract,€andÐ  ` ÐKONE€did€not€perform€the€test€until€after€the€Plaintiffððs€accident€andÐ ü L  Ðmore€than€three€years€after€KONE€had€entered€the€maintenanceÐ è 8  Ðcontract€with€the€University€of€Tennessee€Medical€Center.ÐÔ$ ` x` x Ðà  àÌà  àIn€the€case€of€òòSmith€v.€Owenóó,€841€S.W.2d€828,€831€(Tenn.Ct€App.€1992)€the€court€succinctlyÐ ¬ü  Ðset€forth€the€three€elements€of€a€negligence€òòper€seóó€claim:Ð ˜è  Ðà  àÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThe€doctrine€of€negligence€òòper€seóó€is€firmly€established€in€our€caseÐ pÀ Ðlaw.€€In€order€to€recover€on€the€basis€of€negligence€òòper€seóó,€threeÐ \¬ Ðelements€must€be€established.€€First,€it€must€be€shown€that€theÐ H˜ Ðdefendant€violated€a€statute€or€ordinance€which€"imposes€a€duty€orÐ 4„ Ðprohibits€an€act€for€the€benefit€of€a€person€or€the€public."€€òòNevill€v.Ð  p ÐCity€of€Tullahomaóó,€756€S.W.2d€226,€232-233€(Tenn.1988).€Second,Ð  \ Ðthe€proof€must€show€that€the€injured€party€was€within€the€class€ofÐ øH Ðpersons€whom€the€legislative€body€intended€to€benefit€and€protect€byÐ ä4 Ðthe€enactment€of€that€particular€statute€or€ordinance.€€òòTraylor€v.Ð Ð  ÐCoburnóó,€597€S.W.2d€319,€322€(Tenn.App.1980).€In€addition€toÐ ¼  Ðestablishing€negligence€òòper€seóó€by€showing€these€two€elements,€theÐ ¨ø Ðplaintiff€must€of€course€show€that€such€negligence€was€the€proximateÐ ”ä Ðcause€of€the€injury.€€òòBrookins€v.€The€Round€Tableóó,€624€S.W.2d€547,Ð €Ð Ð550€(Tenn.1981);€€òòAlex€v.€Armstrongóó,€215€Tenn.€276,€283,€385Ð l¼ ÐS.W.2d€110,€114€(1964).ÐX ¨` x` x ÐÌ(Internal€citations€omitted.)€€In€the€present€case,€Mr.€Ô_ÔRaulstonÔ_Ô€has€not€alleged€that€MontgomeryÐ 0"€  ÐKONE€violated€any€statute€or€ordinance,€nor€has€he€provided€in€the€record€a€copy€of€the€ASMEÐ #l! ÐA17.1€Rule€1002.3€cited€by€Mr.€Buckmanððs€affidavit.€€The€proof€presented€by€Mr.€Ô_ÔRaulstonÔ_Ô€doesÐ $X" Ðnot€meet€the€required€showing€for€the€first€element€of€a€negligence€òòper€seóó€claim.Ð ô$D # ÐÌ€à  àMontgomery€KONE€argues€that€Mr.€Raulstonððs€appeal€should€be€dismissed€because€of€Ð Ì&"% Ðfailure€to€follow€the€requirements€of€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€24(b),€with€respect€to€the€filing€of€theÐ ¸'#& Ðtranscript€of€the€summary€judgment€motion€hearing.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€24(b)€provides€that€ð ðunlessÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthe€entire€transcript€is€to€be€included,€the€appellant€shall,€within€15€days€after€filing€the€notice€ofÐ ° Ðappeal,€file€with€the€clerk€of€the€trial€court€and€serve€on€the€appellee€a€description€of€the€parts€of€theÐ œì Ðtranscript€the€appellant€intends€to€include€in€the€record,€accompanied€by€a€short€and€plain€declarationÐ ˆØ Ðof€the€issues€the€appellant€intends€to€present€on€appeal.ðð€€Montgomery€KONE€asserts€that€it€was€notÐ tÄ Ðnotified€within€15€days€that€Mr.€Raulston€did€not€intend€to€include€a€copy€of€the€summary€judgmentÐ `° Ðmotion€hearing€transcript€in€his€designation€of€the€record.€Ð L œ Ðà  àÌà  àMr.€Raulston€argues€that€the€failure€to€notify€Montgomery€KONE€was€an€inadvertentÐ $ t Ðomission€which€in€no€way€prejudiced€a€defense€upon€the€merits.€€Upon€learning€that€Mr.€RaulstonÐ  ` Ðdid€not€intend€to€file€the€transcript,€Montgomery€KONE€filed€a€motion€styled€ð ðDesignation€ofÐ ü L  ÐAdditional€Portions€of€Transcript€Pursuant€to€T.R.A.P.€24(b).ðð€€Montgomery€KONE€did€not€file€aÐ è 8  Ðmotion€to€dismiss€as€authorized€by€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€26(b).€€Exercising€our€discretion,€we€declineÐ Ô$  Ðto€dismiss€this€appeal.€Ð À  ÐÌà  àFor€the€foregoing€reasons€the€judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€is€vacated€and€the€cause€remandedÐ ˜è  Ðfor€proceedings€not€inconsistent€with€this€opinion.€€Costs€of€appeal€are€adjudged€against€the€appellee,Ð „Ô  ÐMontgomery€KONE.€Ð pÀ ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à_________________________________________Ð  p Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àHOUSTON€M.€GODDARD,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÐ  \ Ð