ÿWPC[ ‹˜,N¥Á_í°f„`øê|ü®ƒkzîÃF[_‡§)æ W¦¿ëC2ã‚ê\[nœìÄ4ÃŽLóK$ÛÍxñƒŠs;]+Ž. M Ì€a¯ŽÊU’-ýišðð[B4 Ì'FE³Ùó ýÔ´Ì]™U‹‘$ÐÕ/Yk Ç–»6gZÈÙm»ö1Þ®‘•›3oņy ÜD/g6ßäåéC´Àv  ˜šò¤×¨3\çfØ!Vw¨`g×É6ÜOs¨‰棜!e)C©jŠâá;¡J5pn»gvL”ïähaÔØ3¤¿¿o’Áÿ¼–>Ý 8;CσÎLpß÷·/¿ÓqÔØÌ0·~t=w,tu!*z ×ìšØcLO«œ†·ðª§B¬` ¦úö6šÃ3‡çÍÊ4`7ý€Ü|¤Zˆñ&âp”–õ¨´ãÿóB¬ßjxôŽ&hôæºxs!”U6Òó#ˆ&,òж•ÛV¦ÔÈŠ¶ÁI–@ùwàúöU“*‘É>,#T'„§P`³mtSµ“!ž»:îi ®LüĨß(+uÉ(rq'j¤1°¿z¢ßvÁ‚oùôTb#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ UN· w 4 z Ò— i x mz Ñ‘ Æb Æ(ÆîÆ´ 0DzN¾UNÀ#E1163Æi/!HHHHHåiiiiiiiiiiiiiibNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 0ëVVVV BAA 0¤^ D5 D-7 0Kdd AS¯Æ 0¤È 0Dl A«°˜HP LaserJet 8000 Series PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0»‚“6)â (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularûr')  Ì+¤ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ ÇÝ ƒR$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôŽ¡ ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔSection€26a€of€The€Tennessee€Valley€Authority€Act€of€1933,€as€Amended,€provides€that€nothing€can€beÐ ° Ðconstructed€and€thereafter€operated€or€maintained€along€the€Tennessee€River€system€without€prior€approval€of€the€TVAÐ tÄ ÐBoard.€€This€approval€process€results€in€the€issuance€of€TVA€permits.€€€Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular Ý ƒR$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôŽ¡ ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔMr.€Robin€Ô_ÔFerrellÔ_Ô,€a€TVA€employee,€testified€that€this€document€became€effective€in€1978€and€permits€forÐ ° Ðexisting€boathouses,€including€those€issued€in€1972,€were€treated€differently€under€prior€federal€regulations,€but€that€theÐ tÄ Ðonly€difference€applicable€to€this€case€was€with€regard€to€the€type€of€flotation€devices€that€could€be€used.€€ ,Ý ƒR$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôŽ¡ ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€Trial€Courtððs€Narrative€Statement€of€the€Evidence€also€states€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔFerrellÔ_Ô€ð ðconceded€that€the€permitÐ ° Ðissued€to€the€Plaintiffs€specifically€recited€that€[it]€was€subject€to€any€other€outstanding€permits€issued€by€TVA€.€.€.€,ððÐ tÄ Ðbut€we€are€unable€to€find€that€specific€provision€in€the€Permit€itself,€which€is€Exhibit€15€of€the€appellate€record. ¼Ý ƒR$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôŽ¡ ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔFrom€the€Trial€Courtððs€Narrative€Statement€of€the€Evidence. Ý ƒR$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôŽ¡ ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔTVA€is€not€a€party€to€this€suit,€and€no€one€has€argued€that€TVA€did€not€have€authority€to€grant€the€permit€toÐ ° Ðthe€Plaintiffs. Ý ƒR$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôŽ¡ ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔTVA€Regulations€require€boathouses€to€be€moored€only€within€commercial€docks€or€adjacent€to€propertyÐ ° Ðowned€by€the€boathouse€owners.€€ ÛÝ ƒR$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôŽ¡ ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€parties€advised€at€oral€argument€that€all€of€the€boathouses€in€question€had€been€removed.- ù-(|G2$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€E »»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô(°ò»»Ô d(|3Íò$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€E »»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Íò$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€E »»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€A”»»d dÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼-»»»ÔÑ8€7¤XXdê»»d 8ÑÑ  Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ‡î>øî»¼-ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼-»îî>ø #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓAugust€2000€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XdµX»¼-ÔÌÌÌò òÔ#†¼-»XXdµð#ÔR€&€D€MARINA,€INC.,€òòet€al.óó€€v.€€Ô_ÔROANEÔ_Ô€COUNTY,€TENNESSEE,€òòet€alóó.Ô‡XdµX»¼-Ôó óÐ Ò " ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Chancery€Court€for€Ô_ÔRoaneÔ_Ô€CountyÐ Ò " Ðà@@øøìàNo.€1,082€€€€€€Hon.€Frank€V.€Williams,€III,€ChancellorÐ ¾   ÐÌFILED€SEPTEMBER€22,€2000Ð –æ  Ðà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‚Ò  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E1999„02687„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CVÐ }Í  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<T` AßÐ U¥ Ðó óÌÌÓ  ÓPlaintiffs,€a€marina€and€its€owners,€were€holders€of€a€1996€lease€from€Ô_ÔRoaneÔ_Ô€County€to€build€andÐ <Œ Ðmanage€a€marina.Ô#†¼-»XXdµ£#ÔÔ‡XdµX»¼-Ô€€Plaintiffs€received€a€permit€from€TVA€to€operate€the€marina€in€1997.€€PlaintiffsÐ (x Ðfiled€suit€against€Ô_ÔRoaneÔ_Ô€County€and€four€boathouse€owners,€seeking€a€declaratory€judgment€that€theÐ d Ðmarina€was€entitled€to€monthly€rent€from€the€individual€Defendants€from€the€date€of€the€Ô_ÔRoaneÔ_ÔÐ P ÐCounty€lease€until€their€boathouses€€were€removed€from€the€leased€premises.€€The€boathouse€ownersÐ ì< Ðwere€holders€of€prior€TVA€permits€to€moor€boathouses€within€the€same€area€which€became€theÐ Ø( Ðmarina€pursuant€to€the€1996€lease€and€1997€permit.€€The€Trial€Court€ordered€the€boathouse€ownersÐ Ä Ðto€pay€rent€to€the€marina€and€to€remove€their€boathouses.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€Trial€CourtÐ ° Ðinsofar€as€it€ordered€the€individual€Defendants€to€remove€their€boathouses.€€We€hold€the€Trial€CourtÐ œì Ðerred€in€ordering€the€individual€Defendants€to€pay€rent€starting€from€the€date€of€the€lease€rather€thanÐ ˆØ Ðthe€date€of€Plaintiffsðð€TVA€permit.€€Accordingly,€we€modify€the€judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€toÐ tÄ Ðreflect€that€Defendants€owe€rent€to€Plaintiffs€from€the€date€of€Plaintiffsðð€TVA€permit€until€theÐ `° Ðboathouses€were€removed.€€The€judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€is€affirmed,€as€modified,€and€the€caseÐ L œ Ðis€remanded.€Ð 8!ˆ  ÐÌÓÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Chancery€Court€Affirmed,€as€Modified,€€and€CaseÐ ü#L# ÐRemandedó óÐ è$8 $ ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼-»àXdµÙ#ÔÔ‡XdµX.¼-ÔD.€Michael€Ô_ÔSwineyÔ_Ô,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòHouston€M.€Ô_ÔGoddardÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_ÔóóÐ ¬'ü"' Ðand€òòCharles€D.€Susano,€Jr.,€J.óó,€joined.Ð ˜(è#( ÐÌGerald€Ô_ÔLargenÔ_Ô,€Kingston,€Tennessee,€and€J.€Scott€Ô_ÔMcCluenÔ_Ô,€Harriman,€Tennessee,€for€AppellantsÐ p*À%* ÐSam€Ô_ÔBrowderÔ_Ô,€Rhea€Ô_ÔBrowderÔ_Ô€and€J.€T.€Day.Ð \+¬&+ ÐÌTom€Ô_ÔMcFarlandÔ_Ô,€Kingston,€Tennessee,€for€Appellees€Ron€Ô_ÔBillburyÔ_Ô€and€Diane€Ô_ÔBillburyÔ_Ô.Ð 4-„(-ý ÐÓw ÓÌÔ_Ôò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼-»XXdµ¦ #ÔÔ‡XdµX»¼-ÔÐ œì ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼-»XXdµ.#ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XdµX»¼-Ôà@ÛÛ%ìàò òòòBackgroundˆÐ tÄ ÐÌà  àà ` àóóó óR€&€D€Marina,€Inc.€and€Ron€and€Diane€Billbury€(Plaintiffs),€brought€this€declaratoryÐ L œ Ðaction€seeking€the€Trial€Courtððs€assistance€in€removing€boathouses€owned€by€Sam€Browder,€RheaÐ 8 ˆ ÐBrowder€and€J.€T.€Day€(Defendants),€among€others,€from€property€Plaintiffs€asserted€they€have€theÐ $ t Ðright€to€control€under€a€lease€from€Roane€County€and€a€permit€from€TVA,€and€for€rent€from€the€timeÐ  ` ÐPlaintiffs€obtained€that€lease€until€the€boathouses€are€removed.€€Defendants€base€their€defenses€onÐ ü L  ÐTennessee€Valley€Authority€(TVA)€permit€rights€which€they€claim€as€superior€because€they€wereÐ è 8  Ðprior€to€those€of€the€Plaintiffs.€€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àà ` àOn€September€14,€1960,€TVA€transferred€title€to€the€lakefront€property€at€issue€in€thisÐ ¬ü  Ðcase€to€Roane€County€for€use€as€a€public€park.€€That€transfer€document€includes€easement€rights€forÐ ˜è  Ðthe€County€to€construct€and€maintain€floats,€floating€boathouses,€piers€and€docks€on€any€€exposedÐ „Ô  Ðand€unsubmerged€land€between€the€750„foot€contour€boundaries€of€the€fee€and€the€waters€of€WattsÐ pÀ ÐBar€Lake.€€Roane€County€was€given€the€right€to€regulate€the€use€of€the€shoreline,€including€but€notÐ \¬ Ðlimited€to,€the€prohibition€and€prevention€of€the€construction,€installation,€or€mooring€of€all€boats,Ð H˜ Ðboathouses,€floats,€piers,€and€similar€facilities€on€any€part€of€the€shoreline.€€TVA€reserved€theÐ 4„ Ðparamount€right€to€enter€upon€any€and€all€portions€of€the€fee€tract€and€any€and€all€portions€of€theÐ  p Ðeasement€areas€at€any€and€all€times€for€any€TVA€activities.€€Roane€County€was€prohibited€fromÐ  \ Ðconstructing€any€structures€or€facilities€which€require€TVA€approval€until€the€TVA€Board€ofÐ øH ÐDirectors€approved€the€plans.€€Roane€County€was€also€required€to€regulate€the€use€of€the€shorelineÐ ä4 Ðso€as€to€preserve€public€access€to€Watts€Bar€Lake.€€TVA€retained€the€right€to€inspect€the€property€andÐ Ð  Ðbuildings,€structures,€improvements,€facilities€and€operations€to€insure€compliance€and€to€takeÐ ¼  Ðpossession€ð ðas€if€this€conveyance€had€never€been€madeðð€if€this€restriction€were€violated.€€The€countyÐ ¨ø Ðwas€given€the€right€to€execute€and€issue€permits,€licenses€and€leases,€so€long€as€they€would€notÐ ”ä Ðmaterially€affect€the€use€of€the€land€for€the€purposes€for€which€the€transfer€was€made.€€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àà ` àAs€stated,€the€transferred€property€could€not€be€used€without€TVA€permits€approvingÐ X ¨ Ðspecific€uses.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€TVAððs€regulations€for€ð ðApproval€of€Construction€in€the€Tennessee€River€System€andÐ D!” ÐRegulations€of€Structures,ðð€dated€February€15,€1978,׃Ü×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€established€standards€by€which€TVA€grantsÐ 0"€  Ðsuch€permits.€€Those€regulations€include€the€following€definitions:Ð #l! Ðâ âÐ $X" Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àòòExistingóó€as€applied€to€floating€boathouses€or€other€structures,€.€.€.Ð ° Ðâ âmeans€those€which€were€moored,€anchored,€or€otherwise€installed€on,Ð œì Ðalong€or€in€a€TVA€reservoir€on€or€before€July€1,€1972.€€ÐˆØ` x` x Ðà@uu$ìà*€€€*€€€*€€€ˆÐ tÄ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àòòFloating€boathouseóó€means€a€floating€structure€or€facility,€any€portionÐ `° Ðof€which€is€enclosed,€capable€of€storing€or€mooring€any€houseboat€orÐ L œ Ðother€vessel€under€cover.Ð8 ˆ` x` x Ðà@uu$ìà*€€€*€€€*€€€ˆÐ $ t Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àòòNewóó€as€applied€to€houseboats,€floating€boathouses,€.€.€.€means€allÐ  ` Ðhouseboats,€floating€boathouses€.€.€.€other€than€existing€ones.Ðü L ` x` x ÐÌThose€regulations€also€provide:Ð Ô$  ÐÌà8  à(b)€All€floating€boathouses€shall€be€moored:Ьü Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(1)€à0¸ ` x` xàTo€mooring€facilities€provided€by€a€commercial€dock€operatorÐ „Ô  Ðwithin€the€designated€harbor€limits€of€his€dock;€or€ÐpÀ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(2)à0¸ ` x` xàTo€the€bank€of€the€reservoir€outside€the€designated€harborÐ H˜ Ðlimits€of€commercial€boat€docks,€if€the€boathouse€owner€is€theÐ 4„ Ðowner€or€lessee€of€the€abutting€property€at€the€mooringÐ  p Ðlocation€(or€the€licensee€of€such€owner€or€lessee)€and€hasÐ  \ Ðrequested€and€obtained€from€TVA,€pursuant€to€ðð€1304.207,Ð øH Ðwritten€approval€authorizing€mooring€at€such€location.Ðä4¸ x¸ x ÐÌðð€1304.04(b),€Tennessee€Valley€Authority€Approval€of€Construction€in€the€Tennessee€River€SystemÐ ¼  Ðand€Regulations€of€Structures,€February€15,€1978.€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àà ` àTVA€permits€for€the€use€of€the€property€at€issue€by€various€entities€date€from€JanuaryÐ €Ð Ð1947,€when€Marina€Plans€were€approved€for€the€development€of€a€marina.€€In€April€1948,€TVAÐ l¼ Ðpermitted€a€fixed€dock€for€Caney€Creek€Marina,€and€in€March€1954,€TVA€permitted€a€concessionÐ X ¨ Ðbuilding.€€Harbor€limits€were€permitted€for€Caney€Creek€Marina€in€October€1972.€€On€SeptemberÐ D!” Ð20,€1972,€Sam€Browder€(Defendant)€and€Rhea€Browder€(Defendant)€each€filed€applications,€namingÐ 0"€  Ðthe€applicant€as€Harriman€Oil€Company,€for€TVA€approval€of€plans€to€moor€two€boathouses€atÐ #l! ÐCaney€Creek€Boat€Dock.€€€TVA€approved€the€applications.€€On€June€24,€1988,€James€T.€DayÐ $X" Ð(Defendant)€filed€an€application€with€TVA€to€move€his€boathouse€from€elsewhere€to€the€CaneyÐ ô$D # ÐCreek€Boat€Dock,€and€that€application€was€approved.€€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€record€does€not€indicate€the€date€when€Roane€County€first€leased€the€propertyÐ ¸'#& Ðit€held€under€the€TVA€transfer€to€individuals€to€operate€a€Caney€Creek€Marina,€although€it€appearsÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthat€a€marina€existed€on€those€premises€as€early€as€1948.€€Nevertheless,€at€some€point€in€1996,€RoaneÐ )à$( ÐCounty€sought€bids€for€a€new€lessee€to€operate€the€public€facility€for€the€County.€€Ron€and€DianeÐ |*Ì%) ÐBillbury€(Plaintiffs),€operating€as€R€&€D€Marina€(Plaintiff),€submitted€a€bid€and€were€selected€by€theÐ h+¸&* ÐCounty€to€lease€the€premises€and€operate€the€marina.€€They€entered€into€a€contract€with€RoaneÐ ° ÐCounty€on€October€22,€1996.€€Although€that€contract€provided€authority€from€the€County€to€operateÐ œì Ðthe€marina,€Plaintiffs€were€still€required€by€the€above„cited€TVA€regulations€to€obtain€a€permit€fromÐ ˆØ ÐTVA€for€their€operations.€€Plaintiffs€took€possession€of€the€existing€boat€dock€in€October€1996,€andÐ tÄ Ðimmediately€began€clean„up€of€the€property€and€building€of€certain€new€facilities.€€Plaintiffs€wantedÐ `° Ðseveral€houseboats€and€boathouses€removed€from€the€premises€so€that€they€could€proceed€with€theirÐ L œ Ðplans.€€Defendants,€among€others,€refused€to€remove€their€boathouses€from€the€marina.€€Plaintiff€RonÐ 8 ˆ ÐBillbury€met€with€Defendants€and€explained€to€them€that€they€would€have€to€move€their€boathousesÐ $ t Ðwhen€he€got€ready€to€place€new€boat€slips€there€in€the€future.€€He€offered€to€rent€DefendantsÐ  ` Ðboathouse€space€in€the€marina€for€up€to€two€years,€until€he€was€ready€to€expand€his€docks.€Ð ü L  ÐDefendants€refused€to€sign€lease€forms€that€Plaintiffs€had€prepared.€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àà ` àOn€February€5,€1997,€Plaintiffs€obtained€a€permit€from€TVA€to€operate€the€marina.€Ð À  ÐThat€permit€specifically€superseded€certain€previously€issued€permits€to€operate€Caney€CreekÐ ¬ü  ÐMarina,€but€also€specifically€recited€that€it€was€ð ðsubject€to€any€existing€rights€of€third€parties.ðð׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð ˜è  ÐTVA€also€approved€new€and€expanded€harbor€limits€for€Caney€Creek€Marina€so€that€Plaintiffs€couldÐ „Ô  Ðenlarge€the€facilities€beyond€those€which€the€prior€lessees€had€operated.€€The€expanded€harbor€limitsÐ pÀ Ðplaced€the€boathouses€belonging€to€Defendants€within€the€harbor€limits€subject€to€Plaintiffsðð€control.€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àà ` àPlaintiffs€sought€assistance€from€Roane€County€in€securing€the€removal€of€theÐ 4„ Ðoffending€boathouses,€but€to€no€avail.€€Plaintiffs€then€brought€this€suit€on€May€19,€1997,€againstÐ  p ÐRoane€County€and€the€boathouse€owners,€alleging€that€Roane€County€was€responsible€for€enforcingÐ  \ Ðtheir€right€to€possession€of€the€leased€premises€under€the€terms€of€their€lease,€and€asking€that€theÐ øH Ðboathouse€owners€be€required€to€remove€the€boathouses.€€€Trial€was€held€on€July€7,€1998.€€After€trialÐ ä4 Ðon€the€merits,€the€Trial€Court€found:Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThe€aforementioned€grants€of€authority€by€€the€Tennessee€ValleyÐ ¨ø ÐAuthority€to€Roane€County,€Tennessee€and€the€Plaintiffs€override€orÐ ”ä Ðsupersede€those€permits€which€may€be€held€by€the€individualÐ €Ð ÐDefendants€in€that€the€Defendantsðð€permits€are€simply€grants€ofÐ l¼ Ðauthority€to€have€such€structures€within€the€marina€grounds.ÐX ¨` x` x ÐÌThe€Trial€Court€further€found:Ð 0"€  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThe€Plaintiffs€have€the€legal€right€and€authority€to€assess€reasonableÐ $X" Ðrents€upon€the€boathouse€owners€from€the€beginning€of€the€lease€onÐ ô$D # Ðthe€22nd€day€of€October,€1996€and€continuing€each€month€thereafterÐ à%0!$ Ðâ âuntil€said€boathouses€are€removed€by€the€Defendants€.€.€.€.ÐÌ&"%` x` x ÐThe€Trial€Court€granted€Roane€Countyððs€Motion€for€Directed€Verdict.€€Plaintiffs€have€not€appealedÐ ° Ðâ âthis€verdict€in€favor€of€Roane€County.Ð œì ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendants€appeal€and€raise€issues€which€we€restate,€for€clarity,€as:€(1)€whether€aÐ tÄ Ðcomplaint€for€declaratory€judgment€permits€the€Trial€Court€to€award€a€judgment€for€rent€when€rentÐ `° Ðwas€not€specifically€prayed€for€in€that€complaint;€(2)€whether€TVA€gave€Roane€County€the€right€toÐ L œ Ðcontrol€the€property€at€issue;€(3)€whether€Roane€Countyððs€lease€to€Plaintiffs€and€the€TVA€permit€toÐ 8 ˆ ÐPlaintiffs€revoked€or€superseded€Defendantsðð€permits€or€authorized€Plaintiffs€to€cut€off€access€toÐ $ t Ðtheir€boathouses,€charge€rent,€and€require€Defendants€to€remove€their€boathouses;€and€(4)€whetherÐ  ` Ðthe€rents€demanded€are€reasonable€and€the€date€from€which€rents€were€ordered€to€be€paid€is€correct.Ð ü L  ÐÌà@))%ìàò òòòDiscussionˆÐ Ô$  ÐÌà  àà ` àóóó óOur€review€is€òòde€novoóó€upon€the€record,€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€theÐ ¬ü  Ðcorrectness€of€the€findings€of€fact€of€the€Trial€Court,€unless€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence€isÐ ˜è  Ðotherwise.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P€13(d);òò€Alexander€v.€€Inman,€óó974€S.W.2d€689,€692€(Tenn.€1998).€€ò òòòóóó óTheÐ „Ô  ÐTrial€Court's€conclusions€of€law€are€subject€to€a€òòde€novoóó€review€with€no€presumption€of€correctness.€Ð pÀ ÐòòGanzevoort€v.€Russellóó,€949€S.W.2d€293,€296€(Tenn.€1997).ò òòòÐ \¬ Ðóóó óÌà  àà ` àDefendants€first€raise€the€issue€that€the€Trial€Court€could€not€properly€award€aÐ 4„ Ðjudgment€for€rent€because€the€Complaint€was€one€for€declaratory€relief€and€rent€was€not€specificallyÐ  p Ðprayed€for.€€They€concede€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„14„110(a)€provides€that€ð ð[f]urther€relief€basedÐ  \ Ðon€a€declaratory€judgment€or€decree€may€be€granted€whenever€necessary€or€proper.ðð€€In€€€òòPaduch€v.Ð øH ÐCity€of€Johnson€City,€óó896€S.W.2d€767€(Tenn.€1995),€the€Paduchs€brought€suit€against€the€city€ofÐ ä4 ÐJohnson€City,€seeking€damages€for€their€cost€in€paving€a€portion€of€a€road€abutting€their€property€andÐ Ð  Ðfor€loss€of€rent€due€to€a€delay€in€obtaining€building€permits€pending€the€paving.€€They€also€soughtÐ ¼  Ðan€order€requiring€the€city€to€pave€the€remainder€of€the€road.€€Our€Supreme€Court€held€that€theÐ ¨ø ÐComplaint€was€an€action€for€declaratory€judgment,€although€the€issue€contested€was€whether€theÐ ”ä ÐPaduchs€were€entitled€to€damages€for€their€paving€cost€and€the€lost€rent€claimed€.€€The€Court€held:Ð €Ð ÐÌà8  àThe€Uniform€Declaratory€Judgment€Act,€codified€as€Chapter€14€of€Title€29€of€Tenn.Ð X ¨ ÐCode€Ann.,€authorizes€the€Court€to€grant€relief€in€addition€to€the€declaration€of€rights.€Ð D!” ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„14„110(a)€(1980)€provides:Ð0"€ Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àFurther€relief€based€on€a€declaratory€judgment€or€decree€may€beÐ $X" Ðgranted€whenever€necessary€or€proper.Ðô$D #` x` x ÐÌà8  àThe€further€relief€authorized€by€statute€may€include€the€award€of€damages.€€22AÐ Ì&"% ÐAm.Jur.2d€òòDeclaratory€Judgments€óóðð€251,€p.€890€(1988).€€Ð¸'#&Ð Ð  ÐòòÌPaduch€v.€City€of€Johnson€City,€óó896€S.W.2d€767,€771€(Tenn.€1995).€€€In€this€case,òò€óóthe€Complaint€wasÐ )à$( Ðone€for€declaratory€relief,€but,€as€in€òòPaduch,óó€further€relief€may€be€granted€as€necessary€or€proper.€Ð |*Ì%) ÐEven€without€the€instruction€of€òòPaduch,€óówe€agree€with€Plaintiffs€that€Defendants,€by€addressing€theÐ h+¸&* Ðclaim€for€rents€in€their€Answer,€put€the€question€at€issue.€€See€òòBedford€County€Hospital€v.€CountyÐ ° Ðof€Bedford,€óó304€S.W.2d€697,€701€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1957).€€Accordingly,€we€find€Defendantsðð€firstÐ œì Ðissue€to€be€without€merit.€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendants€next€raise€the€issues€of€whether€Roane€County€had€the€right,€under€theÐ `° Ð1960€conveyance€from€TVA,€to€control€the€property€on€which€Defendantsðð€boathouses€were€located,Ð L œ Ðand€whether€that€1960€conveyance€and€the€February€1997€TVA€permit€revoked€or€supersededÐ 8 ˆ ÐDefendantsðð€permits.€€Mr.€Robert€Ferrell,€Project€Leader€in€the€Land€Management€Office€of€TVA,Ð $ t Ðtestified€that,€according€to€TVA€policy,€the€two€permits€issued€to€Harriman€Oil€Company€in€1972Ð  ` Ðmay€not€be€transferred€to€Sam€Browder€and€Rhea€Browder€individually.€€€Assuming€this€is€true,€andÐ ü L  Ðthere€is€no€evidence€in€the€record€to€the€contrary,€the€Browder€permits€may€not€be€valid€as€HarrimanÐ è 8  ÐOil€Company€and€not€the€Browders€hold€the€permits,€regardless€of€the€later„issued€permit€toÐ Ô$  ÐPlaintiffs.€€Sam€Browder€countered€that€he€had€been€the€long„term€owner€of€Harriman€Oil€Company,Ð À  Ðbut€that€ð ða€few€days€before€the€trial€he€had€sold€his€stock€in€the€company€to€his€son,€John€Browder.ðð€Ð ¬ü  ÐIn€short,€neither€of€the€Browders€holds€a€TVA€permit€for€his€boathouse.€€The€holder€of€the€permitsÐ ˜è  Ðis€Harriman€Oil€Company€and€not€the€Browders.€€This€by€itself€would€be€sufficient€to€defeat€theÐ „Ô  ÐBrowdersðð€claim€that€they€have€a€right€to€keep€their€boathouses€at€the€location€in€dispute.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€Trial€Courtððs€Narrative€Statement€of€the€Evidence€recited€that€Sam€BrowderÐ H˜ Ðargued€in€his€testimony€ð ðthat€he€had,€in€effect,€a€perpetual€permit€from€TVA€to€occupy€that€spaceÐ 4„ Ðin€the€water€pursuant€to€his€1972€permit€and€that€he€had€no€intention€of€every€paying€rent€to€theÐ  p Ðmarina.ðð׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Rhea€Browderððs€testimony€was€to€the€same€effect.€€We€find€this€argument€unconvincing.€Ð  \ ÐEven€if€the€Browders€were€the€permit€holders,€nothing€in€the€record€indicates€an€intention€by€TVAÐ øH Ðto€issue€a€permit€to€Defendants€which€could€not€be€superseding€by€any€later€circumstances.€€WeÐ ä4 Ðcannot€imagine€such€an€intention€by€TVA,€and€we€find€no€language€in€any€of€the€property€transfers,Ð Ð  Ðleases,€permits€or€regulations€in€the€record€that€limits€TVAððs€right€to€issue€a€later€permit€which,€byÐ ¼  Ðits€issuance,€necessarily€supersedes€an€earlier€permit.€€This€is€what€TVA€did€here.€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendants€further€argued€that€their€boathouses€were€moored€to€the€bottom€of€theÐ €Ð Ðlake,€not€to€the€waterððs€edge,€and€thus€were€outside€the€property€TVA€had€leased€to€Roane€County.€Ð l¼ ÐThe€Trial€Court€did€not€find€this€argument€persuasive,€and€neither€do€we.€€As€stated,€the€1960Ð X ¨ Ðdocument€transferring€the€property€from€TVA€to€Roane€County€provided€that€Roane€County€wasÐ D!” Ðgiven€the€right€to€regulate€the€use€of€the€shoreline,€including€but€not€limited€to,€the€prohibition€andÐ 0"€  Ðprevention€of€the€construction,€installation,€or€mooring€of€all€boats,€boathouses,€floats,€piers,€andÐ #l! Ðsimilar€facilities€on€any€part€of€the€shoreline.€€€The€TVA€Regulations€implementing€such€transfersÐ $X" Ðrequire€that€boathouses€must€be€moored€in€commercial€docks€unless€they€are€moored€adjacent€toÐ ô$D # Ðland€which€is€owned€by€the€boathouse€owners€(TVA€Approval€Regulations,€ðð€1303.204(b)).€€ThisÐ à%0!$ Ðregulation€seems€plainly€designed€to€prevent€the€scenario€in€this€case:€private€boathouses€beingÐ Ì&"% Ðmoored€to€the€bottom€of€the€lake,€not€adjacent€to€property€owned€by€the€boathouse€owners,€and€notÐ ¸'#& Ðunder€the€control€and€supervision€of€any€marina.€€Furthermore,€Mr.€Ferrell€of€TVA€testified€that,Ð ¤(ô#' Ðð ðunder€TVAððs€rules€and€regulations,€a€permit€for€water€use€facilities€[e.g.,€boathouses]€can€only€beÐ ° Ðissued€to€the€owner€of€land€abutting€this€retained€strip€of€land,€so€that€permits€issued€as€this€site€haveÐ œì Ðto€be€to€the€County,€to€be€used€by€a€licensee€of€the€County.€€The€Plaintiff€is€the€Countyððs€licensee.ðð׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀РˆØ ÐThe€Defendants€have€not€alleged€that€they€now€or€ever€owned€the€land€adjacent€to€the€sites€whereÐ tÄ Ðtheir€boathouses€were€moored.€€Mr.€Ferrell€also€stated,€on€cross„examination,€that€to€the€best€of€hisÐ `° Ðknowledge,€the€permits€to€Harriman€Oil€Company€and€J.€T.€Day€were€ð ðstill€in€full€force€and€effect.ðð€Ð L œ ÐHowever,€applying€the€TVA€Approval€Regulations€and€the€terms€of€the€TVA€transfer€to€RoaneÐ 8 ˆ ÐCounty,€we€find€that,€while€the€permits€issued€to€Harriman€Oil€Company€and€Mr.€Day€were€notÐ $ t Ðformally€rescinded€by€TVA,€they€were€necessarily€superseded€when€TVA€granted€a€conflictingÐ  ` Ðpermit€to€Plaintiffs€to€operate€the€commercial€dock€on€the€premises€which€extended€the€harbor€limitsÐ ü L  Ðto€include€the€property€on€which€the€Defendantsðð€boathouses€were€moored.׃T×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€To€find€otherwiseÐ è 8  Ðwould€defy€common€sense.€€If€€Defendantsðð€boathouses€can€be€moored€only€within€a€commercialÐ Ô$  Ðmarina€since€the€Defendants€do€not€own€the€adjacent€land,€and€the€commercial€marina€is€properlyÐ À  Ðleased€by€Roane€County€to€Plaintiffs€and€permitted€by€TVA€to€Plaintiffs,€then€€DefendantsððÐ ¬ü  Ðboathouses€can€be€moored€within€that€marina€only€by€the€acquiescence€of€and€under€the€control€ofÐ ˜è  ÐPlaintiffs.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àà ` àWhile€not€necessarily€dispositive,€there€is€another€reason€that€Plaintiffs€must€haveÐ \¬ Ðauthority€to€control€the€boathouses€on€their€leased€and€permitted€premises.€€The€1960€transferÐ H˜ Ðdocument€to€Roane€County€requires€the€County€to€insure€that€the€boathouses€moored€on€theÐ 4„ Ðtransferred€premises€are€maintained€in€good€repair€and€up€to€TVA€standards.€€The€thirty„year€leaseÐ  p Ðfrom€Roane€County€to€the€Plaintiffs€also€requires€that€Plaintiffs€meet€all€TVA€standards€for€healthÐ  \ Ðand€safety€and€that€Plaintiffs€ð ðshall€have€the€primary€responsibility€for€ensuring€that€any€sublesseesÐ øH Ð.€.€.€operate€and€maintain€the€premises€in€such€a€manner.ðð€€€Plaintiffs€are€also€required€under€the€leaseÐ ä4 Ðto€make€sure€that€all€boats€moored€at€the€facility€meet€ð ðall€applicable€federal,€state€or€localÐ Ð  Ðregulations.ðð€€At€trial,€Mr.€Ferrell€testified€that€he€had€inspected€the€boathouses€and€found€that,€inÐ ¼  Ðtheir€dilapidated€condition,€they€did€not€comply€with€C.F.R.ðð€18,€Section€1304.05€and€1304.204€andÐ ¨ø Ðothers.€€He€opined€that€his€office€had€taken€no€action€against€them€as€of€the€time€of€trial,€ð ðbecauseÐ ”ä Ðthey€were€part€of€the€site€leased€to€Roane€County€and€then€subleased€for€commercial€operations.ðð€Ð €Ð ÐPlaintiffs€cannot€meet€their€contractual€or€regulatory€obligations€unless€they€can€control€theÐ l¼ Ðboathouses€moored€at€their€marina,€including€the€boathouses€owned€by€these€Defendants.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àà ` àHaving€determined€that€Plaintiffs€had€the€right€to€require€the€offending€boathousesÐ 0"€  Ðbe€removed€from€their€leased€and€permitted€premises,€we€next€address€the€issues€raised€byÐ #l! ÐDefendants€related€to€the€rents€charged€by€Plaintiffs€for€mooring€fees€before€the€boathouses€wereÐ $X" Ðremoved.׃ ¤×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Defendants€raise€the€issues€of€€whether€the€rents€demanded€by€Plaintiffs€are€reasonableÐ ô$D # Ðand€whether€the€Trial€Court€properly€determined€the€date€from€which€rents€were€due.€€As€to€theÐ à%0!$ Ðreasonableness€of€the€rents,€the€testimony€shows€that€Plaintiff€Ron€Billbury€testified€that€the€rentsÐ ° Ðhe€charged€were€ð ðcustomary,€reasonable€and€within€acceptable€standards€of€prices€charged€by€otherÐ œì Ðmarina€operators€in€the€area.ðð€€The€monthly€rent€charged€for€these€Defendantsðð€boathouses€appearsÐ ˆØ Ðto€be€the€same€as€charged€for€other€boathouses€moored€within€the€marina.€€There€was€other€evidenceÐ tÄ Ðthat€Plaintiffs€had€never€operated€a€marina€until€they€obtained€this€lease€from€Roane€County,€and€that€Ð `° ÐPlaintiff€Ron€Billbury€simply€set€the€monthly€rent€at€$81.50€based€on€his€opinion€of€the€rental€valueÐ L œ Ðof€the€marina€space.€€When€a€Trial€Court€has€seen€and€heard€witnesses,€especially€where€issues€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðcredibility€and€weight€of€oral€testimony€are€involved,€considerable€deference€must€be€accorded€toÐ $ t Ðthe€Trial€Courtððs€factual€findings.€€òòSeals€v.€England/Corsair€Upholstery€Mfg.€Co.,€Inc.,€óó984€S.W.2dÐ  ` Ð912,€915€(Tenn.€1999).€€The€Trial€Court€found€the€rents€to€be€reasonable,€and€the€evidence€does€notÐ ü L  Ðpreponderate€against€this€finding.€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€Trial€Court€ordered€Defendants€to€pay€rent€for€their€mooring€spaces€from€OctoberÐ À  Ð22,€1996,€when€Plaintiffs€entered€into€their€lease€with€Roane€County.€€Defendants€argue€that,€if€anyÐ ¬ü  Ðrent€is€due,€such€rent€cannot€be€assessed€for€mooring€fees€prior€to€February€5,€1997,€when€PlaintiffsÐ ˜è  Ðobtained€the€required€permit€from€TVA€to€operate€the€€marina.€€We€agree.€€The€property€transferredÐ „Ô  Ðfrom€TVA€to€Roane€County€could€not€be€used€without€TVA€permits€approving€the€specific€uses.€Ð pÀ ÐNor€could€that€same€property,€when€leased€to€Plaintiffs,€be€used€by€Plaintiffs€without€TVA€permitsÐ \¬ Ðcertifying€that€those€specific€uses€met€the€standards€set€forth€in€ð ðApproval€of€Construction€in€theÐ H˜ ÐTennessee€River€System€and€Regulations€of€Structures.ðð€€Therefore,€Plaintiffs€had€no€right€to€operateÐ 4„ Ðthe€marina,€or€to€collect€rents,€until€the€TVA€permit€was€issued€to€them.€€Accordingly,€we€modifyÐ  p Ðthe€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€to€award€rents€to€Plaintiffs€from€Sam€Browder,€Rhea€Browder€andÐ  \ ÐJ.€T.€Day,€beginning€on€February€5,€1997,€until€the€date€each€of€those€Defendants€removed€hisÐ øH Ðboathouse€from€Plaintiffsðð€marina.Ð ä4 ÐÌà@  %ìàò òòòConclusionˆÐ ¼  ÐÌà  àà ` àó óóóThe€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€is€affirmed,€as€modified,€and€the€case€is€remandedÐ ”ä Ðto€the€Trial€Court€for€further€proceedings€to€determine€the€amount€of€rent€due€Plaintiffs€fromÐ €Ð ÐDefendants,€and€for€such€further€proceedings€as€may€be€required,€if€any,€consistent€with€thisÐ l¼ ÐOpinion.€€Costs€on€appeal€are€taxed€50%€to€the€Plaintiffs€(R€&€D€Marina,€Inc.,€et€al.),€and€50%€toÐ X ¨ Ðthe€Defendants€(Sam€Browder,€Rhea€Browder€and€J.€T.€Day)€and€their€sureties.Ð D!” ÐÌÌÌ€ÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð Ì&"% Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àD.€MICHAEL€SWINEY,€JUDGEÐ ¸'#& ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ à