WPC 4z۶/f|:3-~bŘO 跚6%wf'qBk/h"bXe4, ӑаHtzfLʛ.·1u#0qeB c$Dt(PvJ9+¿Lh7\5+FRRE~407< THior,]ɌDV Hw\ڵű^3pG_o냮{Ղ&cT(z<[>L;ީb0d5^@~K Ƚ0֏,@& [H\A,2ksqyʽ /&{vki lȱr19̩Bј.ۯtC\~*JiIIAZ`2v{\}؞SCPCᠲ*`1ɓ 3}"J7 ״\b#\ % ^ # 0/ UN w 4 z  i x mz 1    j 0D0Nt 0cv 1E`UNb 1u 72%%% 1WW 1 1ee 1 1ss 1pb 0 B 0 D3 D- 0K ASP 0i 0D  AQHP LaserJet 4,,,,,,05z+L (`$.8dd8    ("  Z6Times New Roman RegularL,++00X+ C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|x U(5hCEKQW]cioAutoList1I.I.I.I.I.I.I.I.Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#$  0  (;3$2#  0  .3  0  (CEKQW]cioAutoList4A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(9 Z6Times New Roman Regular3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)(CEKQW]cioAutoList7A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(CEKQW]cioAutoList8A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.( CEKQW]cioAutoList9A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(*EGMSY_ekqAutoList10A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(:EGMSY_ekqAutoList11A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(JEGMSY_ekqAutoList12A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A. f R$      1  L  _InMr.KauffmansFebruary28,2000deposition,headmittedthatMr.ReidwouldcometoworkforExpress  Logisticsasthedirectorofsalesandbepaid25%ofrevenues,aswellasadrawagainstcommissions.- -(|G2$ !.8tdd8         0  L d(|3$ !.8tdd8     VVVV'dxd)!dxdx( $ Figure  1  ^_X`YE<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3$ !.8tdd8     ($$   1  X[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK !.8tdd8     _  t8XXdd8  @ 'tINTHECOURTOFAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @%ATJACKSON#t' #Ԉ ,   August28,2001Session X XXt #tXX#S.BOWMANREIDv.EXPRESSLOGISTICS,INC.XXt   ` @@ DirectAppealfromtheCircuitCourtforShelbyCounty  h @@No.300782T.D._DArmy_ԀBailey,Judge  X @@*AV) ` dE<` A (  @@TTNo.W200100236_COA_ԄR3CVFiledNovember26,_2001_ '  AV) ` dE<` A      X5XXXThisappealinvolvesadisputeoverpostemploymentcommissions.Thedefendantorallyagreedto  paytheplaintiffacommissionof25%onrevenuesthedefendantreceivedduetotheplaintiffs  work.Whentheplaintiffresignedfromthedefendantscompany,thedefendantrefusedtocontinue  topaytheplaintiffthosecommissions.Thetrialcourtdeterminedthatthepartieswerewithoutan z oralorwrittencontractregardingpostemploymentcommissionsandgrantedthedefendantsmotion f forsummaryjudgment.TheplaintiffappealsonthegroundsthatTennesseelawrequires R commissionstocontinuepostemployment,thatthepartieshadawrittencontractregarding > post!employmentcommissions,andthatthepartieshadanoralcontractregardingpostemployment *z commissions.Forthereasonsbelow,weaffirminpart,reverseinpart,andremandthecasetothe f trialcourtforfurtherproceedingsinaccordancewiththisopinion. R  #XXXX5##tXXm#XXtTenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentoftheCircuitCourtAffirmedinpart; * Reversedinpart;andRemanded     #tX #XX.tDavidR.Farmer,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichW.FrankCrawford,P.J.,W.S.,  andHollyK.Lillard,J.,joined.   StuartB.Breakstone,Memphis,Tennessee,fortheappellant,S.BowmanReid. z"! T.Tarry_Beasley_,II,Memphis,Tennessee,fortheappellee,ExpressLogistics,Inc. Z$#   OPINION #tXX #XXt :&!% #tXX #  XXtX5XXX    MasonKauffman(Mr.Kauffman),thepresidentofExpressLogistics,Inc.,hiredS.Bowman (j#' Reid(Mr.Reid)asthecorporationsDirectorofSalesinApril1995.ExpressLogistics,Inc.audits )V$( companiesandtheirshippingcarriersandadvisesthemofwaystoperformtheirshippingfunctions )B%) moreeconomically.Mr.Reidsdutiesincludedcontactingbusinessesandmarketingtheauditing *.&* servicesofExpressLogistics.Ascompensationfortheseservices,ExpressLogistics,throughMr. +'+ Kauffman,agreedtopayMr.Reid25%oftherevenuesMr.Reidgeneratedasadrawagainst ,(, commission. -(- Ї  OnFebruary23,1996,Mr.KauffmanpresentedMr.Reidwithadocumententitled Express  LogisticsSalesOverview.ThedocumentdefinedguidelinesatExpressLogisticsregardingsales  personprocedures,productivity,expectations,andcompensation.Thedocumentalsocontaineda  provisionentitled ExtendedCompensation.Thisprovisionstatedthat [a]uniquefeatureofthe t ExpressLogisticssalescompensationpackageisthatauditcommissionscancontinueforuptotwo ` yearsprovidingtheclientstheysoldarestillExpressLogisticsclientsandthesalespersonleftin L  goodstanding. 8    OnApril21,1996,Mr.ReidtenderedhisresignationtoMr.Kauffman.Theletterstatedas  ` follows:  L  8  Duetoourinabilitytocometoanagreementofcommission_payouts_,Iherebyleave $  myresignationtoExpressLogistics,Inc.Havingmadethecomparisonofnotation   fromthedateofhiretothepresentdate,mypositionofDirectorofSales,the   inventoryneededandthecommissionpayouthaveallbeenoutofline.Additionally,   therehasbeenaclearconcernregardingtheabilitytoauditUnitedParcelServiceand   theneedforabusinesstelephonelineforcustomers.Aftercarefulconsiderationand p repeateddiscussionovertheaboveissues,IleaveExpressLogisticsingoodstanding \ asSalesRepresentative.H     Mr.ReidfiledacomplaintforbreachofanemploymentcontractonFebruary12,1999.In  p hiscomplaint,Mr.ReidsoughttorecoverpostemploymentcommissionsfromExpressLogistics.  \ Mr.ReidassertedthatMr.Kauffmanpromisedtopayhimcontinuedcommissiononthesaleshe H madewhileanemployeeofExpressLogistics.Mr.Reidclaimedthesecommissionswereto 4 continueforuptothreeyearsafterheleftExpressLogistics,providedheleftasanemployeeingood   standing.     ExpressLogisticsfiledatimelyanswertothecomplaint.Initsanswer,ExpressLogistics  deniedanyagreementregardingcompensationafterMr.Reidleftthecompany.OnSeptember26,  ExpressLogisticsfiledamotionforsummaryjudgment.Initsmotion,ExpressLogisticsasserted l Mr.Reidwaswithoutanoralorwrittencontractonwhichtobasehisclaim.Thetrialcourtentered X  anordergrantingExpressLogisticsmotiononJanuary19,2001.Initsorder,thecourtstatedas D! follows: 0"  1.That,asamatteroflaw,therewasnowrittencontractbetweentheparties,asthe $X" SalesOverviewwasnotanagreementorcontractasitwastooindefiniteanditsuse $D # ofthewords canand uptoallowsforvariousinterpretations,itdidnotcontain %0!$ definedquantities,anditwasnotsignedbytheparties. &"% 2.That,asamatteroflaw,therewasnooralcontractbetweenthepartiesasshown (#' bythePlaintiffsownletterofresignationwhichstatedinpartthattherewasno )$( agreementbetweenthepartiesandthatwasthereasonhewasterminatinghis |*%) servicestothecompany. h+&* Ї3.ThattherecordandthedocumentaryproofincludingPlaintiffsresignationletter  rebutsandputsissueof goodstandingbeyondatriablefact.  4.ThatallproofofferedbythePlaintifftakeninthemostfavorablelightis t insufficienttopresenttoajuryorthisCourt. ` 5.ThattheDefendantsMotionforSummaryJudgmentiswelltaken. 8  Mr.Reidappealedthetrialcourtsdecision.TheissuesraisedbyMr.Reidareasfollows:  ` 8  I.0`   [Whether]thetrialcourterredingrantingtheDefendantsmotionfor  8  summaryjudgmentwhereavalidwrittenemploymentcontractexisted $  betweentheparties,requiringtheDefendanttopayplaintiffcommissionson   revenuesreceivedbyDefendantafterheconcludedhisemployment. ` `  8       (5h83! !8  II.8`   [Whether]thetrialcourterredingrantingDefendantsmotionfor   summaryjudgmentbecausethereisamaterialquestionoffactasto p whethertheDefendantisobligatedunderanoralagreementto \ compensatePlaintiffforcommissionearnedduringhisemployment.H` x` x "3"  8  I3%25h  II  .3  0`     [Whether]thetrialcourterredingrantingDefendantsmotionforsummary  p judgmentwhereunderTennesseelaw,Plaintiffisentitledtocommission  \ earnedfromanysalemadepriortohisresignationiffundswerereceived H fromthosesalesafterhisresignation.3%%݌4` `  Ќ    Summaryjudgmentisappropriateonlywhenthemovingpartydemonstratesthatthereare   nogenuineissuesofmaterialfactandthattheyareentitledtojudgmentasamatteroflaw.Tenn.  R.Civ.P.56.04; _Seavers_Ԁv.MethodistMed.Ctr.ofOakRidge ,9S.W.3d86,9091(Tenn.1999);   Byrdv.Hall ,847S.W.2d208,210(Tenn.1993).Wereviewsummaryjudgmentsasaquestionof  law;accordingly,wereviewtherecordinthiscase denovo withoutanypresumptionthatthetrial l courtsconclusionswerecorrect. Griffinv.ShelterMut.Ins.Co. ,18S.W.3d195,19798(Tenn. X  2000); _Bain_Ԁv.Wells ,936S.W.2d618,622(Tenn.1997).Wemustexaminetheevidenceandall D! reasonableinferencesinthelightmostfavorabletothenonmovingparty. _Seavers_ ,9S.W.3dat90 0"  91; Byrd ,847S.W.2dat21011. Ifboththefactsandconclusionstobedrawntherefrompermit #l! areasonablepersontoreachonlyoneconclusion,thensummaryjudgmentisappropriate. _Seavers_ , $X" 9S.W.3dat91. $D #   WewillbeginwithMr.Reidsthirdissue,whichthetrialcourtdidnotaddressonsummary &"% judgment.Mr.ReidcontendsthatunderTennesseelaw,ExpressLogisticsmustcontinuetopayhim '#& commissiononsaleshemadepriortohisresignation.WeagreewiththisassessmentofTennessee (#' law.Absentagreementtothecontrary,ExpressLogisticsmustcontinuetopayMr.Reidpost )$( employmentcommissionsonsalesMr.ReidmadewhileemployedbyExpressLogistics. |*%)  h+&*   ThisissueiscontrolledbythisCourtsdecisionin Winklerv._Fleetline_ԀProducts,Inc. ,859  S.W.2d340(Tenn.Ct.App.1993).In Winkler ,theplaintiffagreedtoprocurecustomersforthe  defendantspaintingbusiness. Id. at341.Ascompensationfortheseservices,thedefendantorally  agreedtopaytheplaintiffa10%commissiononthepaintingworkperformedforthesecustomers. t  Id. Theplaintiffwastoreceivethecommissionafterthecustomerspaidthedefendant. Id. The ` plaintiffsecuredfivecustomersduringhisemploymentandreceivedthecommissionafterthe L  customerspaidtheirbill. Id. Afterworkingforthedefendantforoverayear,thedefendant 8  terminatedtheplaintiffsemployment. Id. Whentheplaintiffsuedthedefendant,customersthe $ t plaintiffprocuredhadpaidthedefendantmorethan$160,000. Id. 34142.ThisCourtdetermined  ` thatcommissionsfromsalesmadeasaresultoftheplaintiffsserviceswererightfullyduetothe  L  plaintiff. Id. at342.Inreachingourconclusion,wereliedonthetermsoftheoralagreementwhich  8  mandatedthattheplaintiffwastoreceivea10%commissionafterthecustomerspaidthedefendant. $   Id. Asthepartieswere freetocontractastheysawfitregardingresidualcommissions,weheld   infavoroftheplaintiffandorderedthedefendanttopaythepostemploymentcommissions. Id. at   34243.     Weexpandedtherationaleunderlying Winkler in _Westfall_Ԁv.BrentwoodServiceGroup, p Inc. ,No.E200001086_COA_ԄR3CV,2000WL1721659(Tenn.Ct.App.Nov.17,2000) noperm. \ app.filed .Wedecidedthat Winkler appliesregardlessofwhethertheemployeeresignedorwas H fired. Id. at*4.Again,wereliedonthecontractbetweenthepartiesnotingthat nowhereinthe 4 partiesagreementisthereanyindicationthatresignationinvalidatesthedefendantsobligationto  p paycommissions,anobligationwhich,aswehavepreviouslypointedout,isstatedinunconditional  \ termsinthewritingbeforeus. Id. Finally,westatedthattheplaintiffsdutyinthecasewasto H  signupcustomers;therefore,theplaintiffearnedhiscommissionwhenthecustomerenteredthe 4 contractwiththedefendantemployer.     Here,thepartiesagreethatMr.ReidandExpressLogisticsenteredanoralcontractwhere  ExpressLogisticswouldpayMr.Reida25%commissiononrevenueshebroughtinwhilean  ExpressLogisticsemployee.* #  1      ׀As Winkler and _Westfall_ mandate,ExpressLogisticsmustcontinue  topayMr.Reidthesecommissions.Mr.ReidearnedthosecommissionswhileanExpressLogistics l employeeandremainsentitledtothem.Mr.Reidhasarighttothecommissionspursuanttotheoral X  contractbetweenthepartieswhichpromisedMr.Reida25%commissiononrevenuederivedfrom D! hissales. 0"     Winkler and _Westfall_ alsoprovide,however,thatExpressLogisticsobligationtopayMr. $X" Reidpostemploymentcommissionsmaybelimitedbycontractbetweentheparties.Thetrialcourt $D # ruledthatthepartieswerewithoutawrittenororalcontractregardingpostemployment %0!$ commissions.Forthereasonsthatfollow,weaffirmthetrialcourtsdecisiononthewrittencontract &"% issueandreversethetrialcourtsdecisionontheoralcontractissue. '#&  (#'   ThetrialcourtgrantedsummaryjudgmenttoExpressLogisticsonMr.Reidswritten  contractclaim,decidingthedocumentfailedtomeettherequirementsofavalidcontractasitwas   tooindefinite.Weagreethatsummaryjudgmentwasproperonthisissuebutaffirmthetrial  courtsdecisionforadifferentreason. t   ThisCourthaspreviouslyrecognizedthatemploymentguidelinesandhandbookscanform L  thenecessaryelementsofanemploymentcontract,orapartofanemploymentcontract. See,e.g., 8  Kingv._TFE_,Inc. ,15S.W.3d457,46062(Tenn.Ct.App.1999); Reedv.AlamoRentACar,Inc. , $ t 4S.W.3d677,68687(Tenn.Ct.App.1999); Robinsv.FlagshipAirlines,Inc. ,956S.W.2d4,56  ` (Tenn.Ct.App.1997); Rosev._Tipton_ԀCountyPub.Works ,953S.W.2d690,69195(Tenn.Ct.  L  App.1997); Williamsv._Maremont_ԀCorp. ,776S.W.2d78,8081(Tenn.Ct.App.1988).In Rose ,  8  westatedthat $  8  [_i]n_Ԁordertoconstituteacontract,...thehandbookmustcontainspecificlanguage   showingtheemployersintenttobeboundbythehandbooksprovisions.Unlessan   employeehandbookcontainssuchguaranteesorbindingcommitments,thehandbook   willnotconstituteanemploymentcontract.Asstatedbyonecourt,inorderforan p employeehandbooktobeconsideredpartofanemploymentcontract, thelanguage \ usedmustbephrasedinbindingterms,interpretedinthecontextoftheentire H handbook,andreadinconjunctionwithanyotherrelevantmaterial,suchasan 4 employmentapplication. p    Rose ,953S.W.2dat692(citationsomitted)(quoting Claibornev.FritoLay,Inc. ,718_F.Supp_. H 1919,1321(E.D.Tenn.1989)). 4   ThisCourthasalsorecognizedthatanemployercanprecludeahandbookorsetofguidelines   frombeingconsideredanemploymentcontractbyreservinga unilateralrighttochangeormodify  thedocument. Rose ,953S.W.2dat69394(citing Claibornev.FritoLay,Inc. ,718_F.Supp_.1919,  1321(E.D.Tenn.1989)).Thisgeneralruleisinapplicable,however,tocaseswheretheemployer  alsoincludedunequivocallanguagedemonstratingitsintenttobeboundbytheprovisionsinthe l guidelinesorhandbook Reedv.AlamoRentACar,Inc. ,4S.W.3d677,688(Tenn.Ct.App. X  1999). D!   Inthepresentcase,thedocumentpurportedtobeacontractfailstoincludespecificlanguage #l! indicatingExpressLogisticsintenttobeboundbythedocumentsprovisions.Thedocumentis $X" withoutspecificpromisesoragreementsthatwouldsuggestanemploymentcontract.Thedocument, $D # asitstitlesuggests,ismerelya SalesOverviewthatfailstorisetothelevelofacontract. %0!$ Additionally,thedocumentdoesnotcontainbindingcommitmentsorguaranteesintheprovision &"% entitled ExtendedCompensation.Theprovisionstatingthatcommissions cancontinueforup '#& totwoyearsfailstoindicatethetypeofbindingcommitmentorguaranteethatwouldconstitute (#' anemploymentcontract. )$(   |*%)   Moreimportantly,thedocumentcontainsaprovisionstatingthat [_t]hese_Ԁaregeneral   guidelinesandsubjecttochange.ThisstatementillustratesthatExpressLogisticsreserveda   unilateralrighttochangeormodifythe SalesOverview.Thisreservation,coupledwiththefact  thatExpressLogisticsdidnotincludelanguagesuggestingitsintenttobeboundinthedocument, t precludesthedocumentfrombeingconsideredanemploymentcontract.Therefore,weaffirmthe ` trialcourtsgrantofsummaryjudgmentonthewrittencontractissueandconcludethe Sales L  OverviewdidnotlimitMr.Reidsreceiptofpostemploymentcommissions. 8    ThetrialcourtgrantedExpressLogisticsmotionforsummaryjudgmentontheoralcontract  ` issuestatingthattheMr.Reidsletterofresignationprovedthepartiesfailedtoenteranoral  L  agreementregardingcommissions.Mr.Reidsletterdoesindeedstatethatheisresigningduetothe  8   inabilitytocometoanagreementofcommission_payouts_.However,inreviewingtheevidence, $  weareunabletoagreewiththetrialcourtsgrantofsummaryjudgmentontheoralcontractissue.     Courtswillupholdanoralcontractforemploymentifthepartiescanperformthecontract   withinoneyear.Tenn.CodeAnn.292101(2000); _Castelli_Ԁv.Lien ,910S.W.2d420,426(Tenn.   Ct.App.1995); Pricev.MercurySupplyCo. ,682S.W.2d924,932(Tenn.Ct.App.1984).The p partyseekingtoenforcetheoralcontractmustprovethepartiesenteredthecontractwithmutual \ assentandmustdemonstratethecontractstermsaresufficientlydefinitetobeenforceable. _Castelli_ , H 910S.W.2dat42627.Acontractissufficientlydefiniteifthetermsprovide abasisfor 4 determiningtheexistenceofabreachandforgivinganappropriateremedy. _Jamestowne_ԀonSignal  p v.FirstFed.S.&L. ,807S.W.2d559,564(Tenn.Ct.App.1990)(quoting Restatement(Second)  \ ofContracts 33). H   Here,Mr.ReidassertsthatheandMr.KauffmanhadanoralagreementregardingMr.Reids   compensation.ThepartiesagreetherewasanoralagreementtopayMr.Reidacommissionof25%   duringhistimeasanemployeeofExpressLogistics.Mr.Reid,however,allegesthattherewasan  additionaloralagreementwhichprovidedthatthecommissionsweretocontinueafterheleft  ExpressLogistics,providedheleftasanemployeeingoodstanding.ExpressLogisticsdeniesthere  wasanagreementforcontinuedcommissions,andcontendsthateveniftherewassuchan l agreement,theagreementwastooindefinitetobeavalidcontract. X    Mr.ReidsattorneyaskedMr.Kauffmanabouttheoralagreementinadeposition.The 0"  relevantportionsofthedepositionwereasfollows: #l! 8  Q.0`   DidyouevertellMr.Reidthatonebenefitthatyourcompanyoffersisa $D # payoutafterheleftifheleftongoodterms?%0!$` `  8  A.0`   Yes,wehaddiscussedthingstothateffect.'#&` `  8  Q.0`   Okay.)$(` `   (88 8  "3"  3 b2  A  .3  0`     Thatscorrect.3 bMb݌h+&*` `  Ќ   (88! !8  "3"  3c2  Q  .3  0`     AndwhatwasthepercentagethatyoudiscussedwithMr.Reid,25percent,  wasntit,atthattime?3cc݌` `  Ќ  ! ! (888  "3"  3e2  A  .3  0`     Iforgotonanextendedbasisorwhatever,butthatsprobablycorrect.3ee݌`` `  Ќ   ( 88! !"3"  8  3ig2   Q  .3  0`     Okay.AndforwhatperiodoftimedidyouandMr.Reiddiscuss?Three 8  yearssoundaboutright?3igg݌$ t` `  Ќ  ! ! "(*88 8  "3"  3ii2*  A  .3  0`     Idontknowifitwasthreeyears,uptothreeyears.3iii݌ L ` `  Ќ  8      8  ....$    8  A.0`   Wehaddiscussionsonafrequentbasis. ` `   $(:88"! !8  Q.0`   Okay.Beforehecametoworkthere,though,youhadonesuchdiscussion;   isntthatcorrect?p` `  8  A.0`   Thatiscorrect,sir.H` `  8  Q.0`   Andduringthatdiscussion,youtoldBowmanthat, Comegetinonthe  p groundlevelofacompanythatsgoingplaces? \` `    .... 4 8  A.0`   Yes,sir.` `    ....  8  Q.0`   Okay.Andyousaid, Imgoingtogiveyouadrawagainstyour X  commissions.Imgoingtopayyou25percentcommission;isthatcorrect?D!` `  8  A.0`   Thatsprobablyinessencewhatweweretalkingabout.#l!` `  8  Q.0`    Idonthavehealthinsurancerightnow,butImgoingtoworkonthat?$D #` `  8  A.0`   Yes,sir.&"%` `  8  Q.0`   Okay. Becauseof!Idonthaveretirementoranythinglikethat,butIm (#' goingtocontinuetogiveyou25percentofwhatyoudoforthreeyearsafter )$( youleaveifyouleaveingoodterms!ingoodstanding,somethinglike |*%) that?h+&*` `  Ї! ! &(J88$8  "3"  3r2J  A  .3  0`     Yes,sir.3rr݌` `  Ќ  8  Q.0`   Okay.AndBowmancametoworkforyou;correct?` `  8  A.0`   Yes,sir.`` `    Inlightofthistestimony,wedisagreewiththetrialcourtsdecisiontograntsummary 8  judgmentontheoralcontractissue.ThoughMr.KauffmannowdeniesofferingMr.Reidcontinued $ t commissionfromsalesMr.ReidmadeasanemployeeofExpressLogistics,Mr.Kauffmans  ` testimonyinhisdepositionraisesagenuineissueofmaterialfactwhichprecludessummary  L  judgment.Additionally,ifthetrieroffactbelievesMr.Kauffmansdepositiontestimony,theoral  8  contractwillnotfailforlackofcertainty.Thetestimonyclearlyindicatesanamount,25%,anda $  timeframe,threeyears.As _Jamestowne_ requires,thesetermsprovideabasisforestablishinga   breachandtheyallowacourttoprovideanappropriateremedy.     Wealsocannotagreewiththetrialcourtsdeterminationthattheissueofgoodstandingis   beyondatrieroffact.InMr.Kauffmansdeposition,Mr.KauffmantestifiedthathetoldMr.Reid p severaltimesthatMr.Reidsworkwasunsatisfactory.Mr.Kauffmanalsotestifiedthatheplanned \ tofireMr.ReidthedayMr.ReidresignedfromExpressLogistics.Despitethistestimony,there H remainissuesofmaterialfactregardingMr.ReidsstatuswhenheleftExpressLogistics.Therecord 4 containsdocumentssuggestingthatMr.ReidwasavaluableemployeetoExpressLogistics.Mr.  p KauffmangaveMr.ReidacardcallingMr.Reidthe BestSalesmanintheWorld.Additionally,  \ Mr.KauffmansentacomplementarylettertoMr.ReidfivemonthsbeforeMr.Reidresigned.The H letterstatedthatMr.Reidwasin greatshapeasanExpressLogisticsemployeeandstatedthatMr. 4 Reidhadthepotentialtohavean outstandingyear.Therefore,summaryjudgmentwasnot   appropriatetodetermineifMr.ReidleftExpressLogisticsasanemployeein goodstanding.     Onremand,thetrialcourtmustdeterminewhetherthepartieshadanoralcontract  regardingMr.Reidspostemploymentcommissions.Ifthepartieswerewithoutanoralcontract  regardingpostemploymentcommissions,Mr.Reidshallreceivethosecommissionspursuanttothis l Courtsdecisionsin Winkler and _Westfall_ .If,afterhearingtestimonyandviewingevidence,the X  trialcourtconcludestherewasanoralcontractbetweenExpressLogisticsandMr.Reidastopost D! employmentcommissions,thetrialcourtmustdeterminethetermsofthecontractanddecidehow 0"  thetermsofthecontractaffectthepostemploymentcommissions.Ifthepostemployment #l! commissionsweredependentonMr.ReidleavingExpressLogisticsasanemployeein good $X" standing,thetrialcourtmustdeterminewhetherMr.ReidleftExpressLogisticspursuanttothose $D # terms,asthatissuewasimproperforsummaryjudgment. %0!$   |*%) _  Accordingly,weaffirminpart,reverseinpart,andremandthiscasetothetrialcourtfor   furtherproceedingsconsistentwiththisopinion.Thecostsofthisappealaretaxedonehalftothe  appellant,S.BowmanReid,andhissurety,andonehalftotheappellee,ExpressLogistics,Inc.,for  whichexecutionmayissueifnecessary. t #XXXX5\ #   `     h     ___________________________________ , |    `     h     DAVIDR.FARMER,JUDGE