ÿWPCr c¹„.ýsËÕŠêªs›UÏšp·1ÅUO¡‘¨l~ž.gâŠ1ÿëbƲ`ìU㣋íÞŽ”»H ü£v+Q¶Aœ8铇ˆƒ–¸$q] ½ úåµúÝ/;šá)®{¬¦W,€scöU’¹3ý{Ïê^Þ D r¯åùM<;ã1ï‹¥U{¾{h‚70±}vÊŽU‹–MPÑd®â7ùæ)¶¶Ž/U,®–F*ÅÿH¿Ù_àk§ô©þDìtin(^ìÿ7w´gNãõ²˜Kz‰H„ë¤X±æÉä æª!ä¸îÛf<)ÒÕyÑç_ü²æcñÿN,ÝÁ¬íÍWø¥CÌ_+G4åþ MŠÍìjõÁ;±0ÚÄœ¾’«Å7U®v€ ¼R°¢/fÒ¥ØkÄÃúeS0ñÇ·ð&º^Sì¡y_F3-2ðŠØSA‡QPÂÆPù<’X£ÜkoÚzˆNà\ z²g} éM0T@ÕyékÞùvÈ)tØÚ–Ybýˆ8ÚŒ~¦KÇýI”†áÝXu“‘Ï.X«Ë¥³ïàÌL¤ÒWÁ+^ŒF«¯nœhTél/Û5¹G,x€úFš€Ùø34I©T™XÑöã B&°¶H%b %\^ b 0ˆnU7NöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ U3NÐ ® ÆÌ Æ’ ÆX Æ 0Dä N(*#Á=Eþþ¥ ¥ì±±~b D1# BTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT 0ëqqqq B\\ 0¤y D3 D-P 0K}} AQÈÆ 0¤ß 0Dƒ A«Ç»5-s (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularä]ö,t2¥ ¡~13|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular DinwiddieLaurenzi TCA WarrKraus OJI t]heMcMinnvillebailmentsLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Ý ƒRúÀ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô\ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔIt€is€unclear€from€the€record€whether€Debbie,€Nathan,€or€both€received€the€proceeds€from€the€rental€of€theÐ ° Ðtanning€bed.˜HP LaserJet 4 Plus,ð,,,,,ð0 ›Ý ƒRúÀ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô\ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThat€category€also€included€items€of€indeterminable€value:€family€pictures,€a€20„year„old€Donny€Ô_ÔOsmondÔ_Ô€doll,Ð ° Ðand€an€autographed€picture€of€George€Jones€and€Ô_ÔVernÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔGodsinÔ_Ô.€ Ý ƒRúÀ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô\ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThis€category€also€included€items€of€indeterminable€value:€family€pictures€and€yearbook,€and€a€hand€sewnÐ ° Ðquilt.€ âÝ ƒRúÀ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô\ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔNathan€also€includes€the€three€diamond€rings€in€that€list.€€Those€items€have€been€addressed€above.€€ tÝ ƒRúÀ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô\ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔNeither€party€appeals€the€trial€courtððs€valuation€of€the€property.€€In€addition,€neither€party€appeals€the€trialÐ ° Ðcourtððs€decision€to€award€the€value€of€the€property€rather€than€ordering€a€transfer€of€the€property€itself.- ù-::)÷ÿ! dxdxüÿP Pd(|G2úÀ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ûœ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôò»»Ô d(|3y,$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ûœ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`9Cþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3y,$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ûœ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ëd»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼ëd»»»ÔÑ8€ö“XXdð»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ‡î¯7ëdÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼ëd»îî¯7 #ԈРÜ, ÐÓ  ÓAssigned€on€Brief€December€28,€2001Ð X ÐÔ‡Xö“X»¼ëdÔÌò òÔ#†¼ëd»XXö“þ#ÔDEBBIE€RISNER€v.€NATHAN€HARRIS€Ð  ` ÐÔ‡Xö“X»¼ëdÔó óÌà@@½½ìàò òAn€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Obion€CountyÐ  h Ðà@@øøìàNo.€0„428€€€€€William€B.€Ô_ÔAcreeÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ  X ÐÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<ç ` AßÐ è 8  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2001„01041„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Filed€August€Ô_Ô21,Ô_Ô€2002Ð ç7  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<Æ` AßÐ Ç  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThis€is€an€action€to€recover€personal€property.€€The€plaintiff€and€defendant€lived€together€forÐ Æ  Ðseventeen€years.€€In€November€1999,€the€plaintiff€moved€out.€€She€left€personal€property€in€the€trailerÐ ¶ Ðin€which€the€couple€was€living,€in€the€nearby€convenience€store€owned€by€the€defendant,€and€in€aÐ ¦ö Ðstorage€unit€in€another€town.€€In€August€2000,€the€convenience€store€caught€on€fire,€and€theÐ –æ Ðplaintiffððs€personal€property€in€the€store€ò òó ówas€destroyed.€€Ô#†¼ëd»XXö“x#ÔÔ‡Xö“X»¼ëdÔSoon€thereafter,€the€defendant€tookÐ †Ö Ðpossession€of€the€plaintiffððs€other€personal€property€that€had€been€held€in€the€storage€unit€and€calledÐ vÆ Ðher€to€come€get€it.€€Ô‡ Xö“XXXö“ÔIn€November€2000,€the€plaintiff€filed€a€warrant€in€general€sessions€court€toÐ f¶ Ðrecover€her€personal€property€from€the€defendant.€€SheÔ#†Xö“XX Xö“ø#Ô€claimed€that€the€defendant€had€prevented€herÐ V¦ Ðfrom€retrieving€any€of€her€personal€property.€€She€received€a€judgment€which€was€appealed€to€circuitÐ F– Ðcourt.€€The€circuit€court€entered€a€judgment€in€favor€of€the€plaintiff,€awarded€damages,€and€orderedÐ 6† Ðthe€defendant€to€return€certain€items€to€the€plaintiff.€€The€defendant€now€appeals.€€We€reverse€theÐ &v Ðtrial€courtððs€decision€with€respect€to€two€of€the€items€ordered€returned€and€the€property€that€theÐ f Ðplaintiff€had€kept€in€the€storage€unit€in€another€town,€and€affirm€the€remainder€of€the€order.€€€€Ô‡ Xö“XXXö“ÔÔ#† ¼ëd»X Xö“ #ÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔ€€Ô#†Xö“XX Xö“Y #ÔÔ#†¼ëd»XXö“› #ÔÔ‡Xö“X»¼ëdÔ€€€€€Ð V ÐÌÓÄÓò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€is€Affirmed€in€Part€and€Reversed€inÐ æ6 ÐPartó óÐ Ö& ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼ëd»àXö“ #ÔÔ‡Xö“X.¼ëdÔHolly€Kirby€Lillard,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòW.€Frank€Crawford,€P.J.,Ð ¶!  ÐW.S.,óó€and€òòAlan€E.€Highers,€J.óó,€joined.Ð ¦"ö! ÐÌBruce€Moss,€Union€City,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Nathan€Harris.€Ð †$Ö# ÐÌDavid€L.€Ô_ÔHamblenÔ_Ô,€Union€City,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellee,€Debbie€Risner.Ð f&¶!% ÐÓÙ ÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼ëd»XXö“ #ÔÔ‡Xö“X»¼ëdÔÐ F(–#' ÐÌÔ#†¼ëd»XXö“ÿ#ÔÔ‡Xö“X»¼ëdÔÓ  ÓÓ Óà  àPlaintiff/Appellee€Debbie€Risner€(ð ðDebbieðð)€and€Defendant/Appellant€Nathan€HarrisÐ &*v%) Ð(ð ðNathanðð)€lived€together€for€approximately€seventeen€years.€€Their€first€home€was€in€Dyersburg,Ð +f&* ÐTennessee.€€After€several€years,€Nathan€purchased€a€small€convenience€store€in€Hornbeak,Ð ,V'+ Ðâ âTennessee.€€The€parties€moved€into€a€small€trailer€near€the€store€and€put€some€of€their€furniture€andÐ ö,F(,ý Ðbelongings€into€a€rented€storage€unit€in€Dyersburg,€Tennessee.€€Those€items€remained€in€the€storageÐ ° Ðunit€for€over€ten€years€while€the€parties€were€living€in€the€trailer€in€Ô_ÔHornbeakÔ_Ô.€Ð  ð Ðâ âà  àDuring€the€time€in€which€the€parties€lived€in€the€trailer€near€the€convenience€store,€they€alsoÐ €Ð Ðstored€personal€belongings€in€a€room€at€the€back€of€the€store.€€Those€items€included,€among€otherÐ pÀ Ðthings,€Debbieððs€clothing,€some€Home€Interior€home€furnishings,€and€a€hand„painted€carousel€horse.€Ð ` ° ÐÔ#†¼ëd»XXö“W#ÔÔ‡Xö“X»¼ëdÔÔ‡ Xö“XXXö“ÔIn€addition,€Debbie€purchased€a€tanning€bed€with€borrowed€funds,€and€the€tanning€bed€was€kept€inÐ P   Ðthe€store.€€Customers€who€visited€the€store€paid€for€use€of€the€tanning€bed.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð @  Ðà  àDuring€the€course€of€their€relationship,€the€parties€separated€numerous€times.€€Debbie€assertsÐ  p  Ðthat€their€final€separation€occurred€in€November€1999,€when€she€left€the€trailer€and€took€with€her€justÐ `  Ða€few€of€her€clothes.€€In€the€legal€proceedings€she€later€filed,€Debbie€testified€that,€after€theÐ P  Ðseparation,€Nathan€refused€to€allow€her€to€retrieve€the€remainder€of€her€personal€possessions€fromÐ ð@  Ðthe€trailer€or€the€store.€€She€described€an€incident€in€which€she€spoke€with€Nathan€over€the€telephone,Ð à0  Ðand€he€advised€her€that€she€could€come€get€her€things.€€However,€when€Debbie€arrived€with€herÐ Ð  Ðhusband,€Nathan€cursed€her€and€told€her€to€leave.€€Debbieððs€husband,€Mr.€Risner,€corroboratedÐ À ÐDebbieððs€testimony€that€Nathan€cursed€her€and€threw€her€off€the€property.€€In€contrast,€NathanÐ ° Ðdenied€that€he€prevented€Debbie€from€retrieving€her€belongings.€€He€said€that€at€times€she€returnedÐ  ð Ðto€get€some€of€her€belongings,€and€that€on€numerous€occasions€he€had€asked€her€to€get€herÐ à Ðpossessions.€€Tammy€Ray,€a€former€employee€of€Nathan,€testified€that€she€overheard€NathanÐ €Ð Ðspeaking€to€Debbie€on€the€telephone,€and€that€she€heard€Nathan€ask€Debbie€to€retrieve€her€property.€Ð pÀ ÐRay€also€testified€that€she€was€present€when€Debbie€came€by€to€pick€up€some€of€her€belongings.Ð `° ÐÔ#†Xö“XX Xö“:#ÔÔ#†¼ëd»XXö“#ÔÔ‡ ¼ëd»»¼ëdÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔà  àIn€August€2000,€Nathanððs€store€was€severely€damaged€by€fire.€€The€fire€destroyed€the€tanningÐ @ Ðbed,€the€carousel€horse,€Debbieððs€clothes,€autographed€pictures,€and€other€personal€items€that€hadÐ 0€ Ðbeen€stored€in€the€back€room€at€the€store.€€An€insurance€adjuster€representing€Nathanððs€insuranceÐ  p Ðcompany€testified€that€Nathan€attempted€to€claim€the€tanning€bed€as€a€loss€due€to€the€fire.€€TheÐ ` Ðadjuster€told€Nathan€that€he€could€not€receive€insurance€proceeds€for€the€loss€of€any€property€thatÐ P Ðbelonged€to€Debbie.€€The€adjuster€also€said€that€Nathanððs€losses€from€the€fire€(including€the€loss€ofÐ ð@ Ðthe€building,€the€inventory,€and€other€personal€property)€exceeded€the€policy€limit€of€$100,000.€Ð à0 ÐTherefore,€Nathan€received€the€full€amount€of€proceeds€payable€under€his€insurance€policy.€€Ð Ð  Ðà  àNathan€testified€that,€some€time€after€the€fire,€he€removed€all€items€from€the€partiesðð€storageÐ °"  Ðunit,€including€Debbieððs€belongingsÔ#† ¼ëd»X Xö“ê#ÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔÔ#†Xö“XX Xö“Ë#ÔÔ‡ Xö“XXXö“Ô.€€At€that€time,€he€discovered€that€some€of€the€items,€includingÐ  #ð! Ða€day€bed,€had€been€ruined€while€in€storage.€€Ð $à" Ðà  àDebbie€testified€that,€after€the€fire,€Nathan€called€her.€€Without€mentioning€the€fire,€he€toldÐ p&À!$ Ðher€to€come€get€her€belongings.€€When€she€arrived€at€the€store,€Debbie€realized€that€there€had€beenÐ `'°"% Ða€fire.€€She€found€that€the€tanning€bed€and€the€carousel€horse€had€been€destroyed.€€She€saw€that€theÐ P( #& Ðsmoke€from€the€fire€had€covered€the€floor,€and€that€there€was€a€bare€spot€on€the€floor€where€boxesÐ ° Ðcontaining€her€Home€Interior€home€Ô#†Xö“XX Xö“Û #ÔÔ#†¼ëd»XXö“™ #ÔÔ‡ ¼ëd»»¼ëdÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔfurnishings€had€been€sitting.€Ð  ð ÐÔ#†Xö“XX Xö“â##ÔÔ‡ Xö“XXXö“ÔÔ#† ¼ëd»X Xö“$#ÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔà  àSubsequently,€in€November€2000,€Debbie€filed€a€warrant€in€the€General€Sessions€Court€ofÐ €Ð ÐObion€County€to€recover€her€personal€property€from€Nathan.Ô#†Xö“XX Xö“v$#ÔÔ‡ Xö“XXXö“ÔÔ#† ¼ëd»X Xö“¸$#ÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔ€€òòò òSee€ó óóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„30„103.€Ð pÀ ЀThe€general€sessions€court€awarded€Debbie€damages€for€her€personal€property€in€the€amount€ofÐ ` ° Ð$10,500.€€Nathan€then€appealed€the€case€to€the€Obion€County€Circuit€Court.€€Ô#†Xö“XX Xö“¬%#ÔÔ‡ Xö“XXXö“ÔÔ#† ¼ëd»X Xö“î%#ÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔÐ P   Ðà  àOn€March€2,€2001,€the€Circuit€Court€conducted€a€bench€trial€on€Nathanððs€appeal€from€theÐ 0 € ÐGeneral€Sessions€judgment.€€During€Ô#† ¼ëd»X Xö“w'#ÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔÔ#†Xö“XX Xö“5'#ÔÔ‡ Xö“XXXö“ÔDebbieððs€testimony€before€the€Circuit€Court,€she€submitted€aÐ  p  Ðlist€of€personal€property€belonging€to€her€that€was€left€in€Nathanððs€possession€after€their€separationÐ `  Ðin€1999,€as€well€as€her€estimate€of€the€value€of€the€property€(ð ðExhibit€1ðð).€€In€the€list,€she€separatedÐ P  Ðthe€claimed€items€into€a€ð ðstoreðð€category,€listing€the€items€owned€by€her€that€had€been€stored€in€theÐ ð@  Ðback€room€of€Nathanððs€store€or€in€his€trailer€after€the€partiesðð€separation,€and€a€ð ðstorageðð€category,Ð à0  Ðlisting€the€items€that€belonged€to€Debbie€that€had€been€kept€in€the€partiesðð€storage€unit€in€Dyersburg.€Ð Ð  ÐThe€ð ðstoreððÔ#†Xö“XX Xö“®(#ÔÔ‡ Xö“XXXö“ÔÔ#† ¼ëd»X Xö“l(#ÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔ€category€listed€$18,995€in€property,€including€(among€other€things)€the€tanning€bedÐ À Ð($2,200),€a€computer€($2,400),€a€Dodge€Colt€automobile€($2,000),€some€Home€Interior€homeÐ ° Ðfurnishings€($1,750),€two€menððs€diamond€rings€($2,750),€and€a€womanððs€diamond€ring€($3,100).׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Р ð ÐThe€ð ðstorageðð€category€listed€$4,150€in€property,€including€a€day€bed€($800),€some€Home€InteriorÐ à Ðhome€furnishings€($1,500),€and€clothes€($700).׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð €Ð Ðà  àDebbie€testified€that€the€Dodge€Colt€automobile€and€the€computer€listed€on€Exhibit€1€hadÐ `° Ðbeen€pledged€as€collateral€for€loans.€€She€did€not€make€the€payments€on€those€loans€following€theÐ P  Ðpartiesðð€separation,€purportedly€because€Nathan€would€not€let€her€use€the€items.€€Ô#†Xö“XX Xö“Ý+#ÔÔ‡ Xö“XXXö“ÔÔ#† ¼ëd»X Xö“,#ÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔNathan€claimed€thatÐ @ Ðthe€computer€and€the€automobile€were€repossessed€by€financing€companies€because€Debbie€stoppedÐ 0€ Ðmaking€payments.€€He€said€that€both€items€were€in€his€possession€because€he€later€purchased€theÐ  p Ðcomputer€from€someone€who€bought€it€from€the€finance€company,€and€his€father€purchased€theÐ ` ÐDodge€Colt€automobile€from€the€lender€who€repossessed€it.€Ô#†Xö“XX Xö“Y0#ÔÔ‡ Xö“XXXö“ÔÔ#† ¼ëd»X Xö“›0#ÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔÐ P Ðà  àÔ#†Xö“XX Xö“•2#ÔÔ‡ Xö“XXXö“ÔÔ#† ¼ëd»X Xö“×2#ÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔIn€his€testimony,€Nathan€claimed€that€the€two€menððs€diamond€rings€on€Debbieððs€list€ofÐ à0 Ðbelongings€were€gifts€to€him€from€Debbie.€€On€cross„examination,€Debbie€admitted€that€the€ringsÐ Ð  Ðwere€gifts€to€Nathan.€€Debbie€testified€that€she€still€owed€money€borrowed€to€purchase€one€of€theÐ À! Ðrings.€€Debbie€asserted€that€the€womanððs€diamond€ring€on€her€list€of€belongings€was€a€gift€to€herÐ °"  Ðfrom€Nathan.€€Nathan€acknowledged€that€he€had€given€Debbie€the€ring,€but€claimed€that€it€belongedÐ  #ð! Ðto€him€because€she€returned€the€ring€to€him€after€a€temporary€separation€while€the€two€were€stillÐ $à" Ðliving€in€Dyersburg.€€Moreover,€Nathan€testified€that,€in€previous€litigation€in€Dyer€County,€twoÐ €%Ð # Ðcourt€orders€awarded€him€the€diamond€ring.€€Ô#† ¼ëd»X Xö“|3#ÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔÔ#†Xö“XX Xö“:3#ÔÔ‡ Xö“XXXö“ÔÐ p&À!$ Ðà  àAfter€the€trial,€on€April€2,€2001,€the€Circuit€Court€granted€Debbie€a€money€judgment€in€theÐ ° Ðamount€of€$7,685.€€The€Circuit€Court€also€issued€an€order€compelling€Nathan€to€deliver€the€threeÐ  ð Ðdiamond€rings€to€Debbie.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€There€is€no€transcript€of€the€proceedings€below,€but€the€parties€agreedÐ à Ðupon€a€Joint€Statement€of€the€Evidence€(ð ðJoint€Statementðð).€€The€Joint€Statement€says€that€the€awardÐ €Ð Ðof€$7,685€reflects€one„half€of€the€value€of€the€items€on€Exhibit€one,€excluding€the€three€diamondÐ pÀ Ðrings.€€The€Joint€Statement€states€further€that€the€trial€court€held€that€Nathan€prevented€Debbie€fromÐ ` ° Ðretrieving€her€property€from€him,€and€that,€therefore,€he€was€under€an€obligation€to€insure€herÐ P   Ðproperty.€€On€May€1,€2001,€Nathan€filed€a€pro€se€appeal€of€the€decision€of€the€Circuit€Court.€€OnÐ @  ÐAugust€22,€2001,€Nathanððs€appellate€counsel€filed€a€notice€of€appearance.€€Ð 0 € Ðà  àOn€appeal,€Nathan€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€deal€with€each€of€the€claimedÐ `  Ðitems€of€personal€property€separately,€and€further€erred€by€not€applying€the€law€of€bailment.€€HeÐ P  Ðasserts€that€it€was€undisputed€that€the€three€rings€were€his€property,€and€that€therefore€the€trial€courtÐ ð@  Ðerred€in€ordering€him€to€turn€them€over€to€Debbie.€€Nathan€argues€further€that€he€should€not€be€heldÐ à0  Ðresponsible€for€the€property€that€was€ruined€while€in€storage.€€Thus,€he€claims,€the€judgment€in€favorÐ Ð  Ðof€Debbie€should€be€reversed.€€€€€Ð À Ðà  àWe€review€the€trial€courtððs€decision€de€novo,€with€a€presumption€of€correctness€of€the€trialÐ  ð Ðcourtððs€findings€of€fact,€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€otherwise.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(d);€òòò òWorthÐ à Ðv.€Cumberland€Mountain€Prop.€Owners€Assððnóóó ó,€No.€03A01„9709„CV„00442,€1999€Tenn.€App.Ð €Ð ÐLEXIS€92,€at€*7„*8€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Feb.€10,€1999).€€We€review€questions€of€law€de€novo,€affordingÐ pÀ Ðthe€trial€courtððs€legal€conclusions€no€such€presumption.€€ò òòòRidings€v.€Ralph€M.€Parsons€Co.óóó ó,€914Ð `° ÐS.W.2d€79,€80€(Tenn.€1996).€€In€an€action€to€recover€personal€property,€the€plaintiff€must€show€thatÐ P  Ðshe€was€entitled€to€possession€of€the€claimed€property.€€òòò òSee€óóó óTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„30„101;€ò òòòsee€alsoóóó óÐ @ Ðò òòòRags,€Inc.€v.€Thoroughbred€Motor€Cars,€Inc.óóó ó,€769€S.W.2d€493,€495€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1988)€(notingÐ 0€ Ðthat€the€purpose€of€the€statute€is€to€determine€who€has€the€right€to€possess€certain€personal€property).€Ð  p Ѐà  àWe€first€address€Nathanððs€argument€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€find€that€all€of€theÐ P Ðdiamond€rings€at€issue€belonged€to€him.€€Nathan€asserts€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€theÐ ð@ Ðtrial€courtððs€finding€that€Debbie€was€entitled€to€possession€of€the€two€menððs€diamond€rings,€becauseÐ à0 Ðthe€evidence€is€undisputed€that€they€were€gifts€to€him€from€Debbie.€€Furthermore,€Nathan€claims€thatÐ Ð  Ðhis€testimony€is€unrefuted€that€the€womanððs€diamond€ring,€though€initially€a€gift€from€him€to€Debbie,Ð À! Ðwas€returned€to€him€from€her€by€order€of€the€Dyer€County€court.€€Thus,€he€claims,€Debbie€has€noÐ °"  Ðright€to€possession€of€those€items.€€Debbie€argues€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€ordering€the€menððsÐ  #ð! Ðrings€returned€to€her€because€she€still€owed€money€on€them.€€In€addition,€she€denies€that€Nathan€hadÐ $à" Ðany€claim€to€the€womanððs€ring,€because€he€had€given€it€to€her€as€a€gift.Ð €%Ð # Ðà  àWith€respect€to€the€menððs€diamond€rings,€Nathan€testified€in€the€Circuit€Court€proceedings,Ð `'°"% Ðand€Debbie€admitted,€that€they€were€gifts€from€her€to€Nathan.€€The€fact€that€she€still€owes€moneyÐ P( #& Ðfor€the€purchase€of€the€rings€does€not€mean€that€she€owns€them.€€Under€these€circumstances,€we€mustÐ ° Ðconclude€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€Debbie€is€entitled€toÐ  ð Ðpossession€of€the€two€menððs€diamond€rings,€and€we€reverse€the€trial€courtððs€order€that€Nathan€returnÐ à Ðthose€two€rings€to€Debbie.Ð €Ð Ðà  àThe€evidence€regarding€the€womanððs€diamond€ring€was€disputed.€€The€trial€judge€had€theÐ ` ° Ðduty€to€weigh€the€conflicting€evidence€on€this€subject€and€determine€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses.€Ð P   ÐHis€determinations€of€credibility€are€entitled€to€great€weight€on€appeal.€€ò òòòSee€Worthó óóó,€1999€Tenn.€App.Ð @  ÐLEXIS€92,€at€*9„*10€(stating€that€the€trial€judgeððs€credibility€determinations€are€entitled€to€greatÐ 0 € Ðweight).€€In€this€case,€the€trial€judge€credited€the€testimony€of€Debbie€that€the€womanððs€diamond€ringÐ  p  Ðbelonged€to€her.€€Other€than€Nathanððs€testimony,€there€is€no€evidence€in€this€record€regarding€theÐ `  Ðproceedings€in€the€Dyer€County€court€upon€which€Nathan€relies.€€Giving€appropriate€weight€to€theÐ P  Ðtrial€courtððs€implicit€finding€of€credibility€in€Debbieððs€favor,€we€cannot€find€that€the€decision€toÐ ð@  Ðaward€Debbie€the€womanððs€diamond€ring€was€against€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence.€€Ô#†Xö“XX Xö“a7#ÔÔ‡ Xö“XXXö“ÔÔ#† ¼ëd»X Xö“7#ÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔÐ à0  Ðà  àNext,€Nathan€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€awarding€Debbie€damages€for€the€items€inÐ À Ðthe€storage€unit€in€Dyersburg.€€He€notes€that€Ô#† ¼ëd»X Xö“™N#ÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔÔ#†Xö“XX Xö“WN#ÔÔ‡ Xö“XXXö“Ôthe€evidence€is€undisputed€that€the€property€wasÐ ° Ðdamaged€while€it€was€in€storage,€and€there€is€no€evidence€that€he€prevented€Debbie€from€gettingÐ  ð Ðthose€items€either€while€they€were€in€storage€or€when€he€removed€them€from€storage€after€the€fire.€Ð à ÐDebbie€asserts€that€Nathan€retrieved€her€items€from€storage€after€the€fire€because€his€own€belongingsÐ €Ð Ðhad€been€destroyed€and€he€needed€the€items€for€his€own€personal€use.€€Therefore,€she€contends,€sheÐ pÀ Ðis€entitled€to€the€value€of€the€items€that€were€destroyed€while€in€storage.Ð `° Ðà  àIt€is€undisputed€that€the€ð ðstorageðð€property€was€damaged€or€destroyed€during€the€time€it€wasÐ @ Ðin€storage.€€According€to€the€partiesðð€Joint€Statement,€Nathan€retrieved€all€of€€the€items€from€storageÐ 0€ Ðover€ten€years€after€they€were€put€in€storage.€€The€evidence€is€also€undisputed€that€he€then€calledÐ  p ÐDebbie€to€ð ðcome€and€get€her€things.ðð€€The€Joint€Statement€includes€no€evidence€that€Nathan€everÐ ` Ðprevented€Debbie€from€retrieving€her€property€from€the€storage€unit.€€Moreover,€there€is€noÐ P Ðallegation€that€Nathan€destroyed€or€damaged€any€of€the€items€belonging€to€Debbie€either€before€orÐ ð@ Ðafter€he€removed€them€from€storage.€€Therefore,€because€the€evidence€indicates€that€the€items€atÐ à0 Ðissue€were€ruined€while€in€storage,€at€a€time€when€Nathan€was€not€in€wrongful€possession€of€thoseÐ Ð  Ðitems,€and€because€he€never€prevented€Debbie€from€retrieving€her€things€while€in€storage,€we€mustÐ À! Ðconclude€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€holding€Nathan€liable€for€the€value€of€that€property.€Ð °"  ÐAccordingly,€we€reverse€the€trial€courtððs€award€of€damages€for€the€value€of€the€property€in€storage.€Ð  #ð! Ѐà  àNathan€argues€further€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€awarding€Debbie€damages€for€two€itemsÐ €%Ð # Ðthat€did€not€belong€to€Debbie,€despite€the€fact€that€they€were€listed€in€the€ð ðstoreðð€category€of€ExhibitÐ p&À!$ Ð1,€namely,€the€Dodge€Colt€and€the€tanning€bed.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Nathan€claims€that€the€record€is€clear€that€theÐ `'°"% ÐDodge€Colt€no€longer€belonged€to€Debbie€because€it€had€been€repossessed€and€was€subsequentlyÐ P( #& Ðsold€to€his€father.€€With€respect€to€the€tanning€bed,€Nathan€asserts€that€the€fact€that€his€insuranceÐ @)$' Ðadjuster€thought€that€it€was€his€property€and€included€the€tanning€bed€in€his€insurance€claim€indicatesÐ ° Ðthat€the€tanning€bed€in€fact€belonged€to€him.€€Debbie€asserts€that€she€stopped€making€payments€onÐ  ð Ðthe€debt€secured€by€the€car€because€Nathan€would€not€let€her€have€it.€€She€also€notes€that€theÐ à Ðinsurance€adjusterððs€belief€that€Nathan€owned€the€tanning€bed€does€not€indicate€that€he€in€fact€ownedÐ €Ð Ðthe€bed.€€Ð pÀ Ðà  àAgain,€on€these€issues,€the€trial€court€was€called€upon€to€determine€the€credibility€of€theÐ P   Ðwitnesses€and€resolve€conflicting€testimony.€€The€evidence€is€undisputed€that€Debbie€was€makingÐ @  Ðpayments€on€a€loan€secured€by€the€Dodge€Colt€until€she€left€Nathan€in€1999.€€She€testified€that€sheÐ 0 € Ðstopped€making€payments€because€Nathan€refused€to€allow€her€to€have€possession€of€the€car.€€TheÐ  p  Ðcar€was€then€repossessed€and€purchased€by€Nathanððs€father.€€The€trial€court€apparently€concludedÐ `  Ðthat€Nathan€in€fact€prevented€Debbie€from€having€access€to€the€Dodge€Colt.€€Her€failure€to€makeÐ P  Ðpayments,€the€subsequent€repossession,€and€his€fatherððs€later€purchase€of€the€vehicle€does€not€alterÐ ð@  Ðthat€factual€finding.€€As€to€the€tanning€bed,€the€evidence€is€undisputed€that€Debbie€borrowed€moneyÐ à0  Ðto€purchase€the€tanning€bed.€€Nathan€submitted€no€evidence€to€the€trial€court€indicating€that€heÐ Ð  Ðowned€the€tanning€bed.€€The€fact€that€Nathanððs€insurance€agent€may€have€believed€NathanððsÐ À Ðrepresentations€that€he€owned€the€tanning€bed€does€indicate€that€he€in€fact€owned€the€bed.€€Thus,€theÐ ° Ðtrial€court€was€entitled€to€credit€Debbieððs€testimony€that€she€owned€the€tanning€bed€and€that€NathanÐ  ð Ðprevented€her€from€retrieving€it€before€it€was€destroyed.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððsÐ à Ðdecision€to€award€Debbie€the€value€of€the€Dodge€Colt€and€the€tanning€bed.Ð €Ð Ðà  àFinally,€Nathan€argues€on€appeal€that€the€balance€of€the€items€listed€on€Exhibit€1€were€in€hisÐ `° Ðpossession€as€a€result€of€a€gratuitous€bailment,€and€that€he,€therefore,€would€be€responsible€for€theÐ P  Ðloss€of€that€property€only€upon€the€showing€of€gross€negligence.€€Because€there€was€no€showing€ofÐ @ Ðgross€negligence€in€the€loss€of€this€property€while€it€was€in€his€possession,€he€claims,€he€should€notÐ 0€ Ðbe€held€liable€to€Debbie€for€its€value.Ð  p Ðà  àð ðA€bailment€is€a€delivery€of€personalty€for€a€particular€purpose€or€on€mere€deposit,€on€aÐ P Ðcontract€expressed€or€implied,€that€after€the€purpose€has€been€fulfilled,€it€shall€be€re„delivered€to€theÐ ð@ Ðperson€who€delivered€it€or€otherwise€dealt€with€according€to€his€direction€or€kept€until€he€reclaimsÐ à0 Ðit.ðð€€òòò òMerritt€v.€Nationwide€Warehouse€Co.ó óóó,€605€S.W.2d€250,€252€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1980);€òòò òsee€alsoó óóó€Ð Ð  Ðòòò òJernigan€v.€Hamó óóó,€691€S.W.2d€553,€556€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1994)€(stating€that€a€bailment€is€aÐ À! Ðcontractual€agreement,€and€the€contract€may€be€either€express€or€implied€from€the€conduct€of€theÐ °"  Ðparties).€€Ô#†Xö“XX Xö“ÛO#ÔÔ‡ Xö“XXXö“ÔÔ#† ¼ëd»X Xö“™O#ÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔIn€this€case,€the€Joint€Statement€indicates€that,€when€Debbie€moved€out€of€the€trailer,€sheÐ  #ð! Ðtook€with€her€ð ðjust€a€few€of€her€clothes,ðð€and€left€behind€other€property€that€she€intended€to€retrieve.€Ð $à" ÐThe€trial€court€found€that€Nathan€then€prevented€her€from€retrieving€this€property.€€There€is€noÐ €%Ð # Ðevidence€that€Debbie€intended€Nathan€to€keep€her€property€on€her€behalf.€€Rather,€the€evidenceÐ p&À!$ Ðpreponderates€in€favor€of€the€trial€courtððs€conclusion€that€Nathan€would€not€allow€Debbie€to€get€herÐ `'°"% Ðproperty€until€the€August€2000€fire€destroyed€most€of€it.€€Because€there€is€no€evidence€of€an€expressÐ P( #& Ðor€implied€agreement€between€the€parties,€we€find€that€no€bailment€was€created.Ð @)$' Ðà  àNathan€argues€that€a€constructive€bailment€arose€when€Debbie€moved€out€because€he€thenÐ  +p&) Ðlawfully€acquired€possession€of€her€personal€property.€€Though€there€was€no€specific€agreement,€heÐ ,`'* Ðmaintains,€the€facts€could€be€construed€as€creating€a€constructive€bailment.€€However,€there€is€noÐ ° Ðevidence€that€Nathan€had€any€right€to€possession€of€Debbieððs€property.€€Indeed,€the€trial€courtÐ  ð Ðexpressly€held€that€Nathan€prevented€Debbie€from€returning€to€the€premises€to€retrieve€her€personalÐ à Ðproperty.€€There€is€no€evidence€indicating€that€Nathan€intended€to€keep€Debbieððs€property€safe€orÐ €Ð Ðdeliver€it€to€her€upon€her€request.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€concluding€that€there€was€noÐ pÀ Ðconstructive€bailment.€€Ô#†Xö“XX Xö“h#ÔÔ‡ Xö“XXXö“ÔÔ#† ¼ëd»X Xö“Rh#ÔÔ‡ Xö“X» ¼ëdÔÐ ` ° Ðà  àTherefore,€the€trial€courtððs€order€is€reversed€insofar€as€it€requires€Nathan€to€give€Debbie€theÐ @  Ðtwo€menððs€diamond€rings€and€the€value€of€the€property€in€the€ð ðstorageðð€category€in€Exhibit€1.€€TheÐ 0 € Ðremainder€of€the€trial€courtððs€order€is€affirmed.Ð  p  Ðà  àThe€decision€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed€in€part€and€reversed€in€part€as€set€forth€above.€Ð P  ÐCosts€are€to€be€taxed€equally€to€the€appellant,€Nathan€Harris,€and€his€surety,€and€to€the€appellee,Ð ð@  ÐDebbie€Risner,€for€which€execution€may€issue,€if€necessary.Ð à0  Ðà  à€€€€€€Ô#†Xö“XX Xö“*o#ÔÔ#†¼ëd»XXö“lo#ÔÔ‡Xö“X»¼ëdÔÐ À ÐÌÓ Óà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð €Ð Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àHOLLY€KIRBY€LILLARD,€JUDGEÔ#†¼ëd»XXö“Šr#Ô