ÿWPCm Ünñ´Ó1önsí¤†€bˆ¥¡oKcÖTÎL™Êù­èÖ^¯Ow'/Å^ºf1—®àc0ó£d´ƒÍ¢pùoÇÜö]›kÎø¯zÿµ©™y^%#8|Giý¢ªß¤âPn öÞg•—uI£ªÐšŠ:Pˆ³Ä1¤¼…ÛVH.<³xÕ—ýuà0Gl*Ðj¥ª¸1 ņ«óP!+pOz}…Ù´Áa u¦ŸžÞ©¤ÇWkT<¿µk d‡ÍÛ7~{ -OÒowMÜ`bDØŒrh¬n¨ÀÛëWSà¤.yo¤ 2ýpB£ê–ƒá£M>&‹Ya×uÍ ŠIŒ¹Ë©xš ûÒd½¯»öçÅ A?: {Þ›Þ%$s^ÓiŒÃòNÉüû¨ÆU‰bÝ„òøûµ^õ¾(Ï+sÄíîïËÈ8sôFÛ’ó¸ô=íØÆœ|Ú›ƒÚeÑ& ¬MÚ°æ:±¬À…&¦;õ¢ž'2³”Ï+@¶Bm•G$·óNHóÃs’à·äÎ+¦ÉnsùNÅé|–Zˆp{^º)$1)Q8DÙ¬Çè@Œœ®€Å¡ó€;¹³¯ÙÛ†QÕ¸Ä °ê5ùFD~MT÷!|N‡”®•ø¥ÎÙœ¼rb %\^ b 0ˆnUNöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ #ÁÐ UN‘ Æß Æ¥ Æk Æ1#÷N 0DE````````````````````````bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb 0ëjjjj BUU 0¤r D3 D-I 0Kvv ASÁÆ 0¤Ú 0D~ A«Â»n£]-s (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular¬|&-CEA|ã£3|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Ý ƒR=[$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¹eò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔMother€was€not€immediately€served€with€process€because€she€was€out€of€the€country€in€connection€with€herÐ ° Ðservice€in€the€National€Guard.(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù-(|G2=[$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¹eò»»Ô d(|3m$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3m$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼»»»ÔÑ8€J±XXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ‡îœî»¼ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEˆà È àÔ#†¼»îîœ #ÔÐ Ö& ÐÓ  ÓAugust€23,€2002€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XJ±X»¼ÔÌò òÔ#†¼»XXJ±#ÔAARON€DEL€SHANNONòòóó€v.€Ô_ÔDARLAÔ_Ô€JEAN€SHANNONòòóóÔ‡XJ±X»¼Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Chancery€Court€for€Morgan€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€96„28€€€€€€Michael€A.€Davis,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌFILED€OCTOBER€29,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ¾   Ðà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2002„00518„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€Ð ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  Óà  àIn€this€post„divorce€case,€Aaron€Del€Shannon€(ð ðFatherðð)€filed€a€petition€against€his€formerÐ xÈ  Ðwife,€Ô_ÔDarlaÔ_Ô€Jean€Shannon€(ð ðMotherðð),€seeking€to€modify€the€partiesðð€divorce€judgment,€whichÐ d´ Ðjudgment,€òòinter€aliaóó,€had€awarded€Mother€custody€of€the€partiesðð€two€minor€children.€€In€his€petition,Ð P  ÐFather€sought€a€change€of€custody€and€asked€to€be€named€primary€residential€parent€of€the€children.€Ð <Œ ÐThe€trial€court€found€a€substantial€and€material€change€of€circumstances€and€granted€FatherððsÐ (x Ðpetition.€€We€reverse.Ð d ÐÓêÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Chancery€CourtÐ ì< ÐReversed;€Case€Remandedó óÐ Ø( ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼»àXJ±™#ÔÔ‡XJ±X.¼ÔCharles€D.€Susano,€Jr.,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòHerschel€P.€Franksóó€andÐ ° ÐòòD.€Michael€Ô_ÔSwineyÔ_Ô,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð œì ÐÌRebecca€A.€Bell,€Knoxville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Ô_ÔDarlaÔ_Ô€Jean€Shannon.Ð tÄ ÐÌD.€Vance€Martin,€Knoxville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellee,€Aaron€Del€Shannon.Ð L œ ÐÓOÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼»XXJ±~#ÔÔ‡XJ±X»¼ÔÐ $"t! ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼»XXJ±™ #ÔÔ‡XJ±X»¼ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓI.Ð ü#L# ÐÓ" ÓÌà  àThe€parties€were€divorced€by€judgment€entered€February€24,€1997.€€Mother€was€designatedÐ Ô%$!% Ðas€the€primary€residential€parent€of€Dallas€Ô_ÔRhiannÔ_Ô€Shannon€(DOB:€May€8,€1993)€and€Luke€FinleyÐ À&"& ÐShannon€(DOB:€March€6,€1995),€and€Father€was€granted€reasonable€visitation€rights.€€Both€partiesÐ ¬'ü"' Ðhave€now€remarried.€€Father€and€his€new€wife€have€one€child.Ð ˜(è#( ÐÌà  àPrior€to€the€matter€now€on€appeal,€the€parties€had€been€before€the€trial€court€on€two€occasionsÐ p*À%* Ðsince€the€entry€of€the€divorce€decree€ð!ð€on€October€8,€1998,€and€May€8,€2000.€€In€both€cases,€theÐ \+¬&+ Ðissues€addressed€by€the€court€related€to€co„parenting€mattersÔ‡ XJ±XXXJ±Ô.€€Ð H,˜', ÐÐ 4-„(-ýà Ðà  àIn€the€summer€of€2001,€Mother,€the€children,€and€Motherððs€new€husband,€Daniel€Ô_ÔKnightenÔ_ÔÐ ° Ð(ð ðStepfatherðð),€were€living€in€the€Union€County€home€of€Stepfatherððs€parents.€€In€early€August,€2001,Ð œì Ðthey€moved€to€a€rental€house€in€the€Ô_ÔMechanicsvilleÔ_Ô€area€of€Knoxville.€€Once€Mother€advised€FatherÐ ˆØ Ðof€the€location€of€the€house€to€which€she€planned€to€move,€Father€drove€to€the€neighborhood€toÐ tÄ Ðinvestigate€the€location.€€He€photographed€the€rental€house€and€surrounding€houses,€as€well€asÐ `° ÐMaynard€Elementary€School,€the€school€for€which€the€children€would€be€zoned.€€The€children€hadÐ L œ Ðpreviously€been€zoned€for€and€attended€Pleasant€Ridge€Elementary€School.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àAfter€looking€at€the€neighborhood,€Father€was€not€pleased.€€On€August€7,€2001,€he€filed€aÐ  ` Ðpetition€to€modify€the€custody€arrangement,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€contending€that€Motherððs€ð ðlifestyle€and€uncooperativeÐ ü L  Ðattitude€and€poor€decisions€constitutes€[òòsicóó]€a€material€and€substantial€change€of€circumstancesððÐ è 8  Ðwarranting€a€modification€of€the€custody€arrangement.€€Father€asked€for€temporary€custody€of€theÐ Ô$  Ðchildren€and€requested€that€he€be€designated€as€the€primary€residential€parent.€€On€the€same€date,€atÐ À  Ðan€òòex€parteóó€hearing,€the€trial€court€granted€Father€temporary€custody€of€the€children€and€adopted€hisÐ ¬ü  Ðtemporary€parenting€plan.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àA€final€hearing€was€held€on€February€6,€2002.€€At€the€conclusion€of€the€hearing,€the€trialÐ pÀ Ðcourt€made€the€following€findings:Ð \¬ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[Ô_ÔT]heÔ_Ô€Court€finds€that€there€has€been€a€material€and€substantialÐ 4„ Ðchange€of€circumstances€for€these€children€since€the€last€custodyÐ  p Ðorder€that€was€put€in€place.Ð \` x` x ÐÌà  àà8 ` àThe€Court€finds€these€two€loving€parents€but€yet€again,€the€Court€isÐ ä4 Ðplaced€in€a€position€of€deciding€where€these€children€should€beÐ Ð  Ðplaced.€€The€material€change€in€circumstances€the€Court€finds€isÐ ¼  Ðbased€upon€simply€ð!ð€and€I€believe€[Mother]€has€placed€herself€in€anÐ ¨ø ÐÔ_ÔinstableÔ_Ô€[òòsicóó]€situation€by€not€moving,€per€se,€but€moving€with€theÐ ”ä Ðfrequency€sheððs€moved,€moving€into€a€downward€decline€in€an€area,Ð €Ð Ðnot€moving€to€improve€her€environment€or€moving€to€improve€herÐ l¼ Ðchildrenððs€environment€but€moving€and€consequentially€placing€theseÐ X ¨ Ðchildren€in€a€difficult,€not€a€better,€not€a€better€environment€for€them.ÐD!”` x` x ÐÌOne€month€later,€the€court€entered€an€order,€incorporating€the€aforesaid€remarks.€€The€order€alsoÐ #l! Ðadopted€Fatherððs€proposed€permanent€parenting€plan.€€In€addition,€the€court€ordered€Mother€to€payÐ $X" Ðchild€support€and€awarded€Father€a€judgment€against€Mother€for€past„due€support.€€From€thisÐ ô$D # Ðjudgment,€Mother€appeals.Ô#†XJ±XX XJ±\#ÔÔ#†¼»XXJ±÷ #ÔÔ€XJ±X»¼ÔÐ à%0!$ ÐÌÐ  ¸'#& ÐÓ  ÓII.Ð ° ÐÓÁÓÌà  àIn€this€non„jury€case,€our€review€of€the€trial€courtððs€factual€findings€is€òòde€novo€óóon€the€recordÐ ˆØ Ðfrom€the€proceedings€below;€however,€the€case€comes€to€us€accompanied€by€a€presumption€thatÐ tÄ Ðthose€findings€are€correct€ð!ð€a€presumption€we€must€honor€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€againstÐ `° Ðthe€trial€courtððs€factual€findings.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(d);€òòò òÔ_ÔMusselmanÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔAcuffÔ_Ôó óóó,€826€S.W.2d€920,€922Ð L œ Ð(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1991).€€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÓ  ÓIII.Ð $ t ÐÓ_ÓÌà  àAn€initial€award€of€custody€is€ð ðsubject€to€such€changes€or€modification€as€the€exigencies€ofÐ ü L  Ðthe€case€may€require.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„101(a)(1)€(2001).€€This€court€has€noted€that€theÐ è 8  Ðinitial€judgment€awarding€custody€ð ðis€òòres€judicataóó€and€is€conclusive€in€a€subsequent€application€toÐ Ô$  Ðchange€custody€unless€some€new€fact€has€occurred€which€has€altered€the€circumstances€in€a€materialÐ À  Ðway€so€that€the€welfare€of€the€child€requires€a€change€of€custody.ðð€€ò òòòGriffin€v.€Stoneó óóó,€834€S.W.2d€300,Ð ¬ü  Ð301„02€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1992).€€Thus,€the€crucial€question€is€whether€there€has€been€a€ð ðmaterialÐ ˜è  Ðchangeðð€warranting€a€change€of€custody.€€ò òòòÔ_ÔHoalcraftÔ_Ô€v.€Smithsonó óóó,€19€S.W.3d€822,€828€(Tenn.€Ct.Ð „Ô  ÐApp.€1999).€€To€constitute€a€material€and€substantial€change€of€circumstances€warrantingÐ pÀ Ðmodification€of€a€custody€decree,€a€change€ð ðmust€occur€after€the€entry€of€the€order€sought€to€beÐ \¬ Ðmodified€and€the€change€cannot€be€one€that€was€known€or€reasonably€anticipated€when€the€order€wasÐ H˜ Ðentered.ðð€€ò òòòId.ó óóó€at€829.Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àA€trial€court€has€broad€discretion€in€determining€matters€of€custody,€ò òòòParker€v.€Parkeró óóó,€986Ð  \ ÐS.W.2d€557,€563€(Tenn.€1999),€and€ð ðwe€will€not€tamper€with€that€discretion€unless€the€factsÐ øH Ðdemonstrate€that€the€trier€of€fact€has€abused€his€or€her€discretion.ðð€€ò òòòÔ_ÔBrumitÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔBrumitÔ_Ôó óóó,€948€S.W.2dÐ ä4 Ð739,€740€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997).€€Such€determinations€are€factually€driven€and€involve€considerationÐ Ð  Ðof€several€factors.€€ò òòòÔ_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôó óóó,€970€S.W.2d€482,€485€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997).€€TheÐ ¼  Ðbest€interest€of€the€child€is€the€paramount€consideration.€€ò òòòÔ_ÔSuttlesÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔSuttlesÔ_Ôó óóó,€748€S.W.2d€427,€429Ð ¨ø Ð(Tenn.€1988).€€A€custody€decision€must€not€be€motivated€by€a€desire€ò òòòó óóóto€reward€or€punish€a€parent.€Ð ”ä Ðò òòòÔ_ÔAdelspergerÔ_Ôó óóó,€970€S.W.2d€at€485.€€The€burden€to€prove€a€material€and€substantial€change€ofÐ €Ð Ðcircumstances€rests€upon€the€party€seeking€a€modification€of€the€prior€order.€€ò òòòÔ_ÔHoalcraftÔ_Ôó óóó,€19€S.W.3dÐ l¼ Ðat€830.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àMother€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€finding€that€a€material€and€substantial€change€ofÐ 0"€  Ðcircumstances€existed,€justifying€a€modification€of€the€custody€arrangement.€€We€agree.Ð #l! ÐÌà  àEssentially,€the€trial€court€based€its€finding€of€the€requisite€change€of€circumstances€on€theÐ ô$D # Ðnumber€of€moves€that€Mother€had€made€with€the€children,€as€well€as€the€ð ðdownward€declineðð€in€theÐ à%0!$ Ðareas€to€which€she€moved.€€We€will€begin€by€addressing€the€frequency€of€Motherððs€moves.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àIn€Fatherððs€initial€petition€for€modification,€he€listed€eight€different€locations€where€MotherÐ ¤(ô#' Ðand€the€children€had€lived€since€the€spring€of€1996.€€At€trial,€Father€again€testified€to€a€number€ofÐ )à$( Ðmoves€that€Mother€had€made€within€the€past€six€years.€€However,€for€the€purpose€of€determiningÐ |*Ì%) Ðwhether€a€material€and€substantial€change€of€circumstances€exists,€courts€are€constrained€to€considerÐ h+¸&* Ðonly€those€changes€which€have€occurred€since€the€last€hearing.€€òòSeeóó€òòò òÔ_ÔHoalcraftÔ_Ôó óóó,€19€S.W.3d€at€829.€Ð ° ÐThe€parties€were€last€before€the€court€on€May€8,€2000.€€Therefore,€the€material€moves€are€those€thatÐ œì Ðhave€occurred€since€May€8,€2000.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àIn€May,€2000,€Mother,€Stepfather€and€the€children€were€living€in€an€apartment€on€PleasantÐ `° ÐRidge€Road€in€Knoxville.€€That€fall,€they€moved€to€an€apartment€on€Western€Avenue€in€Knoxville.€Ð L œ ÐIn€early€May,€2001,€the€family€moved€to€a€house€in€Halls,€a€suburb€of€Knoxville,€where€they€hadÐ 8 ˆ Ðplanned€to€spend€the€summer€house„sitting€for€one€of€Motherððs€friends.€€However,€as€a€result€of€aÐ $ t Ðdisagreement€Mother€had€with€the€friend€one€week€after€moving€in,€the€family€moved€into€the€homeÐ  ` Ðof€Stepfatherððs€parents€in€Union€County€for€the€summer.€€Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àMother€testified€that,€throughout€the€summer,€she€and€Stepfather€were€looking€at€residencesÐ Ô$  Ðin€Knoxville,€with€an€eye€toward€purchasing€a€house.€€They€eventually€found€one€on€SpringdaleÐ À  ÐAvenue.€€However,€the€owners€of€the€Springdale€house€were€in€the€process€of€building€a€house€and,Ð ¬ü  Ðconsequently,€Mother€and€Stepfather€could€not€move€into€the€Springdale€house€in€time€for€theÐ ˜è  Ðchildren€to€start€school€in€the€fall.€€In€order€to€keep€the€children€in€the€Knox€County€school€system,Ð „Ô  Ðthey€decided€to€rent€a€house€in€Knoxville€temporarily.€€Mother€explained€at€trial€that€they€did€notÐ pÀ Ðwant€to€rent€an€apartment€since€that€would€involve€signing€a€lease,€and€they€did€not€want€to€be€forcedÐ \¬ Ðto€break€their€lease€when€the€Springdale€house€was€ready.€€Consequently,€they€found€a€rental€houseÐ H˜ Ðfor€the€family€on€Tulip€Road,€which€is€in€the€Ô_ÔMechanicsvilleÔ_Ô€area€of€Knoxville.€€Mother,€StepfatherÐ 4„ Ðand€the€children€moved€into€the€Tulip€Road€house€in€early€August.€€Mother€testified€that€she€did€notÐ  p Ðexpect€to€be€in€the€Tulip€Road€house€for€more€than€a€few€weeks,€at€which€time€she€and€her€familyÐ  \ Ðplanned€to€move€into€the€Springdale€house.Ð øH ÐÌà  àWe€do€not€believe€these€four€moves€constitute€a€material€and€substantial€change€ofÐ Ð  Ðcircumstances.€€Indeed,€the€move€to€Union€County€would€not€have€been€necessary€had€it€not€beenÐ ¼  Ðfor€Motherððs€disagreement€with€her€friend;€and€if€the€house€on€Springdale€had€been€ready€for€theÐ ¨ø Ðfamily€by€the€end€of€the€summer,€there€would€have€been€no€reason€for€the€family€to€move€to€theÐ ”ä Ðhouse€on€Tulip€Road.€€It€appears€that€Mother€was€doing€everything€she€could€to€get€her€family€intoÐ €Ð Ða€stable€and€permanent€home,€and€that€she€was€doing€so€in€the€most€cost„efficient€manner.€Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àWe€are€a€transient€society.€€The€reality€of€life€is€that€the€circumstances€of€families€change,Ð D!” Ðfor€various€and€sundry€reasons,€and€these€changes€sometimes€necessitate€that€families€move€to€newÐ 0"€  Ðhomes,€new€neighborhoods,€and€new€cities.€€While€Mother€did€move€frequently€in€2000€and€2001,Ð #l! Ðshe€had€reasonable€explanations€for€each€of€the€moves€and,€based€upon€her€testimony,€the€ultimateÐ $X" Ðgoal€was€to€purchase€a€home.€€The€moves€were€simply€a€means€of€accomplishing€that€end.€€At€theÐ ô$D # Ðtime€of€trial,€Mother€and€Stepfather€were€living€in€the€Springdale€house.€€While€they€had€not€yetÐ à%0!$ Ðbeen€able€to€purchase€it,€they€were€making€improvements€to€the€house€because€they€still€planned€toÐ Ì&"% Ðbuy€it.€Ð ¸'#& Ѐ€Ð ¤(ô#' Ðà  àTurning€to€the€issue€of€the€locations€to€which€Mother€has€moved,€the€majority€of€the€trialÐ )à$( Ðtestimony€centered€on€Motherððs€move€to€the€Tulip€Road€rental€house.€€Father€testified€that€the€houseÐ |*Ì%) Ðis€located€in€a€high„crime€area€where€there€is€ð ðhigh€drug€traffic.ðð€€However,€the€record€is€devoid€ofÐ h+¸&* Ðany€credible€evidence€of€crime€statistics€in€the€area€surrounding€Tulip€Road.€€In€fact,€the€trial€courtÐ ° Ðrecognized€this€lack€of€evidence€and€stated€ð ðthereððs€no€proof€that€itððs€a€high€crime€area€....ðð€€In€spiteÐ œì Ðof€that€statement,€the€trial€court,€in€issuing€its€ruling€from€the€bench,€referred€to€Mother€moving€ð ðintoÐ ˆØ Ða€home€in€that€particular€type€of€area€which€the€Courtððs€aware€of€....ðð€€While€we€are€not€sure€of€whatÐ tÄ Ðthe€court€was€ð ðaware€of,ðð€the€nature€of€a€neighborhood€is€not€typically€something€about€which€aÐ `° Ðcourt€can€take€judicial€notice.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Ô_ÔEvidÔ_Ô.€201(b).€€Certainly,€there€is€nothing€in€this€case€toÐ L œ Ðindicate€that€the€neighborhood€in€question€is€generally€known€in€the€community€as€an€undesirable,Ð 8 ˆ Ðhigh„crime€area.Ð $ t ÐÌà  àBased€upon€the€photographs€of€the€rental€house€and€surrounding€houses€introduced€at€trial,Ð ü L  Ðit€certainly€does€not€appear€that€the€Tulip€Road€property€is€located€in€one€of€Knoxvilleððs€bestÐ è 8  Ðneighborhoods.€€However,€the€house€was€never€intended€to€be€anything€other€than€a€temporaryÐ Ô$  Ðresidence,€and€we€certainly€cannot€fault€Mother€for€moving€into€a€lower„income€neighborhood.€Ð À  ÐFurther,€there€was€absolutely€no€credible€proof€offered€at€trial€that€the€number€of€moves€or€theÐ ¬ü  Ðlocations€to€which€the€family€moved€in€any€way€adversely€affected€the€children.€€There€was€noÐ ˜è  Ðevidence€introduced€at€trial€that€Mother€had€failed€to€provide€the€children€with€food,€clothing,Ð „Ô  Ðmedical€care,€and€education.€€òòóóThere€was€no€evidence€at€trial€that€Mother€or€Stepfather€had€abusedÐ pÀ Ðthe€children.€€òòóóBased€upon€the€report€cards€of€the€children€that€were€introduced€at€trial,€both€childrenÐ \¬ Ðhave€made€consistently€excellent€grades,€and€the€partiesðð€daughter€is€in€the€talented€and€giftedÐ H˜ Ðprogram€at€school.òòóó€€Dr.€Michelle€Jester,€the€marital€and€family€therapist€who€interviewed€the€childrenÐ 4„ Ðin€anticipation€of€trial,€testified€that€€the€children€were€ð ðdoing€very€well€and€have€been€for€a€longÐ  p Ðtime.ðð€€Dr.€Jester€further€testified€as€follows:Ð  \ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àWell,€these€children€are€remarkable.€€They€really€have€a€lot€ofÐ ä4 Ðstrengths.€€When€I€talked€to€them€theyððre€happy.€€Their€interactionÐ Ð  Ðwith€their€mother,€theyððre€very€comfortable.€€They€were€friendly.€Ð ¼  ÐThey€werenððt€scared€to€meet€me,€you€know,€they€just€waltzed€right€inÐ ¨ø Ðand€wanted€to€play€and€talk€about€their€lives.€€And€theyððre€just€veryÐ ”ä Ðhappy€well€adjusted€children.€€I€would€expect€to€see€more€hesitancyÐ €Ð Ðand€more€insecurity€if€they€have€been€negatively€affected€by€a€moveÐ l¼ Ðor€it€they€felt€their€living€situation€was€unstable.€€But€they€donððt€seemÐ X ¨ Ðthat€way€to€me.€€ÐD!”` x` x ÐÌWhen€asked€if€this€sort€of€behavior€could€have€been€developed€since€custody€was€changed€to€Father,Ð #l! ÐDr.€Jester€responded€that,€ð ð[Ô_Ôm]yÔ_Ô€feeling€is€itððs€lifelong.€€You€donððt€get€that€kind€of€healthy,€emotionalÐ $X" Ðdevelopment€in€a€child€in€a€few€months.ðð€€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àThere€has€been€no€showing€that€these€moves€and€changes€in€locations€have€caused€harm€ofÐ Ì&"% Ðany€kind€to€the€children€in€the€instant€case.€€Accordingly,€we€find€that€the€evidence€preponderatesÐ ¸'#& Ðagainst€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€Motherððs€moves€constitute€a€material€and€substantial€change€ofÐ ¤(ô#' Ðcircumstances.€€We€therefore€find€that€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€when€it€changed€custodyÐ )à$( Ðin€this€case.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* ÐÓ  ÓIV.Ð ° ÐÓPÓÌà  àMother€seeks€her€attorneyððs€fees€incurred€on€this€appeal.€€The€award€of€attorneyððs€fees€in€aÐ ˆØ Ðpost-divorce€proceeding€such€as€the€one€now€before€us€is€governed€by€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36-5-103,Ð tÄ Ðwhich€states,€in€pertinent€part,€as€follows:Ð `° ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThe€plaintiff€spouse€may€recover€from€the€defendant€spouse,€and€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðspouse€or€other€person€to€whom€the€custody€of€the€child,€or€children,Ð $ t Ðis€awarded€may€recover€from€the€other€spouse€reasonable€attorneyÐ  ` Ðfees€incurred€in€enforcing€any€decree€for€alimony€and/or€childÐ ü L  Ðsupport,€òòor€in€regard€to€any€suit€or€action€concerningóó€theÐ è 8  Ðadjudication€of€the€custody€or€òòthe€change€of€custody€of€any€child,€orÐ Ô$  Ðchildren,€of€the€parties,€both€upon€the€original€divorce€hearing€andÐ À  Ðat€any€subsequent€hearingóó,€which€fees€may€be€fixed€and€allowed€byÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€court,€before€whom€such€action€or€proceeding€is€pending,€in€theÐ ˜è  Ðdiscretion€of€such€court.Ð„Ô ` x` x ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36-5-103(c)€(2001)€(emphasis€added).€€We€find€that€an€award€to€Mother€ofÐ \¬ Ðattorneyððs€fees€incurred€in€this€appeal€is€appropriate,€and€we€therefore€remand€this€case€to€the€trialÐ H˜ Ðcourt€for€a€determination€of€a€reasonable€fee.€€òòSee€ò òD€v.€Kó óóó,€917€S.W.2d€682,€686„87€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.Ð 4„ Ð1995).Ð  p ÐÌÓ  ÓV.Ð øH ÐÓxVÓÌà  àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€reversed.€€The€previous€order€of€the€trial€court€awardingÐ Ð  Ðcustody€to€Mother€subject€to€Fatherððs€visitation€rights€as€specified€in€that€order€is€hereby€reinstated.€Ð ¼  ÐFather€will€deliver€the€children€to€Mother€no€later€than€five€oððclock€p.m.€on€October€30,€2002.€€CostsÐ ¨ø Ðon€appeal€are€taxed€to€the€appellee,€Aaron€Del€Shannon.Ð ”ä ÐÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à_______________________________Ð X ¨ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àCHARLES€D.€SUSANO,€JR.,€JUDGE