ÿWPCE 6# UN %] 0 (cw@‹4Ëßî 0lö 0Db 0J¦ AQð 0TA 0^• 0hó 0r[ 0|Í 0†I 0Ï 1u_ 0dÔ B8 ÆU 0D 0@_ 0DŸ D/ã U> BP D3m B)  DCÉ AM U*Y üƒ Ø+WÌ‚ƒN#Ñv~ôvÓr˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLlÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ [ \ ] ^£_`aDbDcÓ€mê‚_#ArrÔ¸$3|xm((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô!"#$&Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ dƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New RomanüÿP Pd 'ÿÿdxd% Line 7 d****7Border 1dd!#+Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial òÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ""ÝÝ  ÝÔ€-ÔÔ€-ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€-XÔÌÌDecember€5,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó ÎÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€plaintiffs€were€represented€by€Mr.€Steve€C.€Norris€and€the€defendant€by€Mr.€John€L.ÏNorris.Ì !Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝFor€example,€Plaintiffsðð€exhibit€#€9€is€a€letter€from€Dr.€Bobo€Tanner€to€Dr.€Hodge€whichÏstates€in€part€ð ðDr.€Parris€said€he€may€re„order€one€(referring€to€an€MRI)€.€.€.ððÌ ÂÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ýò òRecords€of€Regularly€Conducted€Activity.ó ó€€A€memorandum,€report,€record,€orÏdata€compilation€in€any€form€of€acts,€events,€conditions,€opinions,€or€diagnoses€made€at€or€nearÏthe€time€by€or€from€information€transmitted€by€a€person€with€knowledge€and€a€business€duty€toÏrecord€or€transmit€if€kept€in€the€course€of€a€regularly€conducted€business€activity€and€if€it€was€theÏregular€practice€of€that€business€activity€to€make€the€memorandum,€report,€record,€or€dataÏcompilation,€all€as€shown€by€the€testimony€of€the€custodian€or€other€qualified€witness,€unless€theÏsource€of€information€or€the€method€or€circumstances€of€preparation€indicate€lack€ofÏtrustworthiness.€€The€term€ð ðbusinessðð€as€used€in€this€paragraph€includes€every€kind€of€business,Ïinstitution,€association,€profession,€occupation,€and€calling,€whether€or€not€conducted€for€profit.Ì yÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝWhen€a€writing€or€recorded€statement€or€part€thereof€is€introduced€by€a€party,€an€adverseÏparty€may€require€the€introduction€at€that€time€of€any€other€part€or€any€other€writing€or€recordedÏstatement€which€ought€in€fairness€to€be€considered€contemporaneously€with€it.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€record€indicates€that€a€photograph€of€the€Metts€car€was€introduced€into€evidence€asÏexhibit€no.€22.€€However,€we€do€not€find€that€exhibit€among€the€other€25€exhibits.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÓ` Ü` p”XÓò òÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›Þ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEE,€WESTERN€SECTIONÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEó óÌÌà@ à_______________________________________________________ÌÌà à)Ìò òGINGER€C.€SNEAD€andó óà à)à àWilliamson€County€Circuit€Ìò òJAMES€D.€SNEADó ó,à à)à àCourt€No.€95405Ìà à)Ì€€€€€Plaintiffs/Appellants.à à)Ìà à)ÌVS.à à)à àC.A.€No.€01A01„9702„CV„00085ÌÙ€!ÙœßR€,.+A1-j|¡ý ` ç `€€@ÿRß›à à)Ìò òLOIS€V.€METTSó ó,à à)Ìà à)Ì€€€€€Defendant/Appellee.à à)Ìà à)Ì______________________________________________________________________________ÌÌFrom€the€Circuit€Court€of€Williamson€County€at€Franklin.Ìò òHonorable€Henry€Denmark€Bell,€Judge€ó óÌÌÌÌò òSteve€C.€Norrisó ó,€Nashville,€TennesseeÌAttorney€for€Plaintiffs/Appellants.ÌÌÌò òJohn€L.€Norrisó ó,€HOLLINS,€WAGSTER€&€YARBROUGH,€Nashville,€TennesseeÌAttorney€for€Defendant/Appellee.ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:ÌÌò òAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDó óÌÌÌà àò òFARMER,€J.ó óÌÌò òHIGHERS,€J.ó ó:€(Concurs)Ìò òLILLARD,€J.ó ó:€œ(Concurs)ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ` Ü` ˜XÓÓÓ›œà àThe€plaintiffs,€Ginger€C.€Snead€and€James€D.€Snead,€sued€the€defendant,€Lois€A.ÏMetts€as€a€result€of€a€vehicular€accident€which€occurred€on€July€22,€1994.€€It€is€undisputed€that€theÏcar€driven€by€Ms.€Metts€struck€the€car€driven€by€Ms.€Snead€in€the€rear€while€the€Snead€vehicle€wasÏstopped€at€a€stop€sign.€€Ms.€Snead€sued€for€injuries€and€damages€and€Mr.€Snead€sued€for€loss€ofÏconsortium.ÌÌà àThe€jury€returned€a€verdict€in€favor€of€Ms.€Snead€for€$750€and€Mr.€Snead€in€theÏamount€of€$200.€€They€appeal€and€present€the€following€issues:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà à1.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€into€evidenceÏthe€office€notes€of€Dr.€Robert€B.€Snyder€and€of€Dr.€Roger€A.ÏHodge,€both€dated€December€8,€1994,€in€which€each€doctor€statedÏwhat€the€other€doctor€said€during€a€telephone€conversation.ÌÌà8 àà àA.€€Whether€the€statements€contained€in€each€doctorððs€officeÏnotes€reporting€what€the€other€doctor€told€him€on€the€telephone€areÏinadmissible€hearsay.ÌÌà8 àà àB.€€Whether€the€introduction€of€these€records€was€harmlessÏerror.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€appellantsðð€argument€is€based€on€the€following€from€a€December€8,€1994€noteÏof€Dr.€Hodge€and€a€December€8,€1994€note€of€Dr.€Snyder€which€state€respectively:ÌÌÓÓà8 àDr.€Snyder€returned€my€call€and€we€discussed€her€condition.€€HeÏthinks€that€her€accident€was€quite€minor€and€is€not€impressed€withÏher€musculoskeletal€findings.€€He€thinks€that€she€is€emotional€andÏdepressed,€and€seeking€some€secondary€gain.€€He€did€not€want€toÏallow€her€to€miss€further€work.ÌÌà8 àI€talked€to€Dr.€Hodge€today.€€Apparently,€Mrs.€Snead€was€in€hisÏoffice€yesterday€very€upset€and€crying€and€wanted€him€to€keep€herÏoff€work.€€He€believes€there€is€a€lot€of€anger€and€situationalÍdepression€as€well.€€I€confirmed€this,€and€that€there€are€a€lot€ofÏsymptoms€and€very€little€signs€involved€in€her€case.€€He€is€going€toÏcontinue€as€her€primary€care€physician€for€treatment.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€plaintiffs€contend€that€these€records€of€each€doctor€stating€what€the€other€doctorÏstated€are€inadmissible€hearsay.€€They€argue€that€the€ð ðfirst€levelðð€of€hearsay€consists€of€notesÏinstead€of€in€person€testimony€of€the€doctor€who€made€the€notes,€which€they€concede€is€admissibleÏunder€the€business€records€exceptions€of€the€hearsay€rule.€€However,€they€contend€the€ð ðsecondÏlevelðð€of€hearsay€consists€of€each€doctor€reporting€what€the€other€said€which€does€not€qualifyÏunder€any€hearsay€exception.ÌÌà àDefendant€first€counters€that€there€was€an€agreement€between€counsel€that€theÏmedical€records€could€be€introduced€into€evidence€without€objection.€€The€basis€of€this€argument€isÏan€exchange€between€counsel€and€the€trial€court€òòò òen€cameraóóó ó€wherein€plaintiffsðð€attorney€objected€toÏthe€introduction€into€evidence€of€the€above€notes.€€The€response€of€defendantððs€counsel€and€theÏcourtððs€ruling€are€as€follows:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àMR.€J.€NORRIS:× ƒ/ ××  ×€May€it€please€the€Court,€we€strenuouslyÏdisagree.€€Mr.€Norris€wants€to€introduce€this€thick€package€ofÏrecords€to€which€we€would€have€all€sorts€of€objections€based€on€theÏCourtððs€ruling€that€these€two€entries€go€in.€€Based€on€whether€or€notÏit€be€a€radiologist,€a€pathologist,€they€rely€on€conversations.€€TheyÏrely€on€all€sorts€of€information,€and€certainly,€one€of€those€sourcesÏis€what€another€doctor€says.ÌÌà8 àà àSo€we€submit€that€these€are€part€of€the€office€notes,€part€ofÏthe€total€picture€history€of€this€patient,€and€that€Your€Honor€hasÏcorrectly€decided€this€matter.ÌÌà8 àà àTHE€COURT:€All€right.€€I€rule€against€the€Plaintiff€on€hisÏobjection,€with€the€statement€that€the€Court€will€hold€the€defenseÏcounsel€to€his€not€objecting€to€any€of€the€other€records.€€ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àPlaintiffsðð€attorney€made€no€further€statement€and€no€further€objection€at€the€timeÏthe€notes€were€read€into€evidence.€€Our€review€of€the€record€reveals€that€Plaintiffs€did€introduce,Ïwithout€objection,€numerous€exhibits€consisting€of€medical€reports,€doctorððs€notes,€medical€billsÏand€various€other€documents€consisting€of€some€50€to€60€pages.€€The€defendants€argument€isÏfurther€buttressed€by€the€fact€that€some€of€the€doctorsðð€notes€introduced€by€Plaintiffs€likewiseÏcontained€statements€made€by€doctors€and€health€care€providers€other€than€the€one€who€made€theÏnote.× ƒ0 ××  ×€€We€can€readily€understand€how€the€defendantððs€counsel€was€led€to€believe€that€there€was€aÏtacit€agreement€between€counsel€that€each€could€introduce€the€medical€records€without€objection.€ÏWhile€the€record€introduced€by€the€plaintiffs€contained€notation€from€several€medical€providers,€theÏonly€physicians€who€testified,€both€by€deposition,€were€Dr.€William€Richard€Carl€Stewart,€III€andÏDr.€Robert€B.€Snyder.ÌÌà àHowever,€since€it€is€not€patently€obvious€that€there€was€an€agreement€betweenÏcounsel,€we€will€examine€the€plaintiffsðð€argument€further.€€As€to€Plaintiffsðð€argument€ofÏinadmissible€hearsay,€the€defendant€counters€that€the€contested€notes€of€Drs.€Snyder€and€HodgeÏwere€admissible€as€business€records€pursuant€to€Rule€803(6)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence.× ƒ1 ××  ×€ÏShe€further€contends€the€notes€were€admissible€under€the€completeness€doctrine€as€set€forth€at€RuleÍ106€T.R.E.× ƒ2 ××  ×€€As€to€the€record€of€Dr.€Snyder,€after€stating€what€was€said€to€him€by€Dr.€Hodge,€Dr.ÏSnyder€went€on€to€say€that€ð ðI€confirmed€this,€and€that€there€are€a€lot€of€symptoms€and€very€littleÏsigns€involved€in€her€case.ðð€€With€respect€to€Dr.€Hodgeððs€notation€that€Dr.€Snyder€stated€to€himÏthat€the€patient€was€emotional€and€depressed,€there€is€evidence€of€depression€in€the€evidenceÏsubmitted€by€the€plaintiff€herself.€€In€discussing€his€telephone€conversation€with€Dr.€Hodge,€Dr.ÏSnyder€testified€that€ð ðI€confirmed€that€it€had€mirrored€my€assessment€and€I€explained€to€him€thatÏthere€were€a€lot€of€symptoms;€that€is,€a€lot€of€complaints€but€very€little€signs€involved€in€her€case.ðð€€ÌÌà àHowever,€assuming€òòò òarguendoóóó ó€that€Plaintiffs€are€correct€on€their€evidentiaryÏargument,€we€believe€that€if€there€was€error€it€was€harmless.€€Rule€36€T.R.A.P.€€As€will€beÏshown,€the€severity€of€the€impact€was€sharply€disputed€and€it€was€Defendantððs€theory€throughoutÏthe€trial€that€the€impact€was€so€slight€that€it€could€not€have€caused€the€injuries€of€which€Ms.€SneadÏcomplained.€€Dr.€Snyder,€an€orthopedic€surgeon,€testified€that€Ms.€Snead€was€referred€to€him€byÏDr.€James€P.€Wilson,€an€internal€medicine€specialist€and€primary€care€physician.€€Dr.€SnyderÏtestified€that,€based€on€his€examination,€Ms.€Snead€appeared€depressed.€€When€he€examined€herÏon€August€18,€1994€he€did€not€find€any€evidence€of€any€injury€at€all€to€her€neck€or€shoulders.€ÏOther€than€some€tenderness,€he€did€not€find€anything€wrong€with€her€low€back.€€He€found€noÏmuscle€spasm.€€All€x„rays€were€normal€and€he€expected€her€symptoms€to€resolve€with€time.€€It€wasÏhis€opinion€that€as€of€December€1,€1994€Ms.€Snead€was€able€to€return€to€regular€job€duties€but€sheÏtold€him€that€she€did€not€want€to€go€back€to€work.€€The€only€objective€evidence€of€injury€foundÏwas€minimum€tenderness€in€the€lumbar€spine.€€He€described€an€objective€sign€as€a€reproducible,Ïexternal€evidence€or€observable€evidence€of€underlying€symptoms€of€what€the€patient€says.€€HeÏtestified€that€her€complaints€of€pain€were€greater€than€those€of€most€of€his€other€patients€withÏsimilar€physical€findings€and€that€her€complaints€of€pain€were€out€of€proportion€to€the€€physical€andÍobservable€findings€that€he€could€find€on€physical€examination.ÌÌà àThe€only€witnesses€testifying€to€the€accident€itself€were€the€two€drivers.€€Ms.€SneadÏtestified€that€she€was€stopped€when€her€car€was€struck€from€the€rear€very€hard€and€that€her€car€wasÏthrown€forward.€€She€described€her€rear€bumper€as€smashed.€€According€to€Dr.€Wilsonððs€notes€theÏpatient€told€him€that€she€was€rear„ended€at€35€miles€an€hour.€€Ms.€Snead€denied€this€but€testifiedÏthat€the€defendantððs€car€was€traveling€at€least€30€miles€per€hour€when€it€was€struck.€€The€repairÏcosts€to€the€Snead€vehicle€was€$253.ÌÌà àMs.€Snead€did€not€remember€whether€or€not€the€impact€awakened€her€child€whoÏwas€in€the€car€seat€beside€her.€€Her€child€was€not€injured€and€she€did€not€see€any€damage€to€theÏdefendantððs€vehicle.€€She€testified€that€she€kept€notes€on€her€condition€beginning€the€MondayÏfollowing€the€accident€up€until€the€time€she€employed€an€attorney.ÌÌà àMs.€Metts€testified€that€she€is€a€registered€nurse€and€was€on€her€way€to€work€at€theÏtime€of€the€accident.€€As€she€approached€an€intersection,€there€was€a€line€of€traffic€stopped€in€frontÏof€her€at€a€4„way€stop.€€She€slowed€her€car,€put€her€foot€on€the€brake€and€began€to€roll€forward.€ÏAt€that€time€her€car€phone€rang,€startling€her,€and€she€struck€the€car€in€front€of€her.€€She€testified€atÏthe€time€her€car€was€moving€at€between€2€and€5€miles€per€hour.€€At€first€she€didnððt€realize€that€sheÏhad€struck€the€vehicle€in€front€of€her,€but€thought€she€had€just€applied€her€brakes€too€hard.€€ItÏwasnððt€until€she€got€out€of€her€car€that€she€realized€that€there€had€been€an€accident.€€She€testifiedÏshe€wasnððt€hurt€and€her€glasses€were€not€knocked€off.€€Her€purse€on€the€seat€beside€her€was€notÏknocked€off€and€her€coffee,€which€was€in€a€holder,€was€not€spilled.€€She€further€testified€that€theÏSnead€vehicle€was€not€knocked€forward.€€Ms.€Snead€told€her€that€she€was€not€hurt.€€They€were€atÏthe€scene€for€approximately€one€hour€and€Ms.€Metts€observed€no€signs€of€physical€injury€to€herÍbut€Ms.€Snead€did€say€that€her€back€hurt.€€Ms.€Metts€testified€that€there€was€no€damage€to€her€car.× ƒ3 ××  ×ÌÌà àRoger€Metts,€Lois€Mettsðð€husband,€testified€that€he€is€a€supervisor€at€a€maintenanceÏand€repair€garage€for€Ryder€Truck€Rental.€€His€wife€was€driving€a€1990€Nissan€Sentra€at€the€timeÏof€the€accident.€€He€examined€it€after€the€accident€and€found€no€physical€damage€except€for€aÏcouple€of€black€marks€on€the€front€bumper€which€were€removed€with€wax.€€He€testified€that€theÏbumper€on€his€wifeððs€car€had€an€impact€rating€of€2„1/2€to€5€miles€per€hour€and€is€an€energy„absorbing€bumper.€ÌÌà àOur€scope€of€review€is€set€forth€in€Rule€13(d)€T.R.A.P.€€Findings€of€fact€by€a€juryÏin€civil€actions€shall€be€set€aside€only€if€there€is€no€material€evidence€to€support€the€verdict.€€TheÏjury€was€presented€with€evidence€that€Ms.€Snead€incurred€medical€expenses€in€excess€of€$8,000Ïand€loss€of€earnings€of€approximately€$10,000.€€There€was€disputed€medical€testimony€as€to€whenÏshe€was€medically€determined€to€be€able€to€return€to€work.€€The€defendant€admitted€liability.€ÏGiven€the€gross€discrepancy€between€the€drivers€as€to€the€nature€and€extent€of€the€impact,€basedÏupon€our€review€of€this€record€we€cannot€say€that€the€introduction€of€the€portions€of€the€notes€ofÏDrs.€Hodge€and€Snyder€more€probably€than€not€affected€the€judgment€or€would€result€in€prejudiceÏto€the€judicial€process.€€Rule€36(b)€T.R.A.P.€€Therefore,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmedÏand€the€costs€of€this€Ìappeal€are€taxed€to€the€plaintiffs/appellants.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àFARMER,€J.ÌÌ______________________________ÌHIGHERS,€J.€(Concurs)ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌLILLARD,€J.€(Concurs)ÌÌ›