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3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÆúI Z‹6Times New Roman Regular- ù-(|G2ˆ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ô»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôr@ò»»Ô d(|3þ$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ô»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3þ$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ô»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€\»»d dÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼_»»»ÔÑ8€xÌXXdê»»d 8ÑÑ  Ñ€à@ü ü ìàÔ‡îB`_ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼_»îîB` #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓOCTOBER€5,2000€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡X X»¼_ÔÌò òÔ#†¼_»XX ô#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,€òòex€rel.,€TAMMY€L.€DAVENPORTóó€v.€GERALDÐ úJ ÐLAMONT€PARTRIDGE€Ô‡X X»¼_Ôó óÐ  ^ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Juvenile€Court€for€Hamilton€CountyÐ  ^ Ðà@@øøìàNo.€12195€€€€€€Suzanne€Bailey,€JudgeÐ ú J ÐÌFILED€DECEMBER€27,€2000Ð Ò"  Ðà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<½` AßÐ ¾  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E1999„02779„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CVÐ ¹  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<` AßÐ ‘á  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThis€appeal€from€the€Hamilton€County€Juvenile€Court€concerns€whether€the€Juvenile€Court€erred€inÐ ŒÜ Ðdetermining€the€child€support€obligation€of€the€Appellant,€Gerald€Lamont€Partridge.€We€vacate€the€Ð xÈ Ðorder€of€the€Juvenile€Court€and€remand€for€further€findings€of€fact.Ð d´ ÐÓÖÓ€Ìò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Juvenile€Court€Vacated;€CauseÐ <Œ ÐRemanded€ó óÐ (x ÐÓ  ÓÌòòÔ#†¼_»àX Ÿ#ÔÔ€X X.¼_ÔHouston€M.€Ô_ÔGoddardÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ôóó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòCharles€D.€Susano,Ð P ÐJr.,óó€and€òòÔ_ÔD.MichaelÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔSwineyÔ_Ô,€€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð ì< ÐÌÔ_ÔArvinÔ_Ô€H.€Ô_ÔReingoldÔ_Ô,€Chattanooga,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Gerald€Lamont€Partridge.Ð Ä ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Stuart€F.€Wilson„Patton€and€Kim€Ô_ÔBealsÔ_Ô,€Nashville,€Tennessee€for€the€appellee,Ð œì ÐState€of€Tennessee,€ex€rel.,€Tammy€L.€Davenport.€€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌÌÌà@66'ìàò òOPINIONó óˆÐ 8#ˆ" ÐÌÌà  àIn€this€appeal€from€the€Juvenile€Court€of€Hamilton€County,€the€Respondent/Appellant,Ð ü%L!% ÐGerald€Lamont€Partridge,€contests€the€Juvenile€Courtððs€order€which€increases€his€child€supportÐ è&8"& Ðobligation€to€$300.00€per€month.Ð Ô'$#' ÐÌà  àOn€August€10,€1993,€Tammy€Lynn€Davenport,€the€custodial€parent€whose€interests€areÐ ¬)ü$) Ðrepresented€by€the€State€of€Tennessee€as€Appellee€in€this€case,€gave€birth€to€Thomas€TylerÐ ˜*è%* ÐPartridge.€On€April€21,€1993,€after€appropriate€genetic€testing,€the€Appellant€and€Ô_ÔnoncustodialÔ_ÔÐ „+Ô&+ Ðparent€in€this€case,€Gerald€Lamont€Partridge,€was€declared€to€be€the€legal€father€of€Thomas€TylerÐ p,À', ÐPartridge€and€was€ordered€to€pay€child€support€in€the€amount€of€$60.00€per€month.€€Since€thatÐ \-¬(-ý ÐÔ_Ôtime,€the€Juvenile€Court€has,€on€occasion,€entered€orders€increasing€Mr.€Partridgeððs€child€supportÐ ° Ðobligation.€€The€most€recent€such€order,€entered€on€November€12,€1999,€sets€Mr.€PartridgeððsÐ œì Ðchild€support€obligation€at€$300.00€per€month.€€The€order€shows€that€the€Juvenile€CourtÐ ˆØ Ðcalculated€this€amount,€€in€part,€on€the€basis€of€Mr.€Partridgeððs€gross€pay€of€$240.00€per€weekÐ tÄ Ðand,€€in€part,€on€the€basis€of€income€imputed€to€Mr.€Partridge€as€a€result€of€food,€lodging€andÐ `° Ðvehicle€use€provided€to€Mr.€Partridge€by€his€parents.Ð L œ ÐÌà  àThe€record€shows€that€Mr.€Partridge€is€employed€on€a€full€time€basis€at€his€fatherððsÐ $ t Ðhotel/restaurant€business€for€which€he€receives€gross€wages€in€the€amount€of€$240.00€per€week.€Ð  ` ÐMr.€Partridgeððs€father€testified€at€trial€that€he€suffers€from€congestive€heart€failure€and,€therefore,Ð ü L  Ðrequires€Mr.€Partridgeððs€assistance€in€operating€the€business,€although€there€is€also€testimonyÐ è 8  Ðfrom€Mr.€Partridge€which€reveals€that€Mr.Partridge€has€six€siblings€who€have€sufficientÐ Ô$  Ðknowledge€to€perform€the€same€job.Ð À  ÐÌà  àAlthough€Mr.€Partridge€holds€an€Associates€Degree,€he€ceased€attempts€to€secureÐ ˜è  Ðemployment€in€his€field€of€study€once€he€began€working€for€his€father.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àMr.€Partridge€resides€with€his€parents€and€they€also€furnish€him€with€meals€and€the€use€ofÐ \¬ Ða€vehicle.€Mr.€Partridge€pays€his€parents€$25.00€per€week€for€the€food€and€lodging€which€heÐ H˜ Ðreceives€from€them.Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àThe€following€issues€,which€we€restate,€are€presented€for€appeal:Ð  \ ÐÌà  àI.€€Whether€the€Juvenile€Court€erred€in€it's€calculation€of€Mr.€Partridgeððs€child€supportÐ ä4 Ðobligation€by€basing€such€calculation,€in€part,€on€income€imputed€to€Mr.€Partridge€as€a€result€ofÐ Ð  Ðfood,€lodging€and€vehicle€use€provided€by€his€parents.Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àII.€Whether€the€Juvenile€Court€erred€in€itððs€calculation€of€Mr.€Partridgeððs€child€supportÐ ”ä Ðobligation€by€failing€to€determine€whether€Mr.€Partridge€is€willfully€€and€voluntarilyÐ €Ð Ðunderemployed.Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àIII.€Whether€the€Juvenile€Court€erred€in€taking€judicial€notice€of€the€monthly€cost€of€food,€Ð D!” Ðlodging,€and€vehicle€use€provided€to€Mr.€Partridge€by€his€parents.Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àÌÌà  àAs€mandated€by€Rule€13(d)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure,€the€standardÐ à%0!$ Ðof€review€in€this€non„jury€case€is€de€novo€upon€the€Trial€Court€record€with€a€presumption€ofÐ Ì&"% Ðcorrectness€as€to€findings€of€fact€by€the€Trial€Court.€There€is€no€such€presumption€as€to€findingsÐ ¸'#& Ðof€law.€òòCampbell€v.€Florida€Steel€Corporation,€óó919€S.W.2d€26,€(Tenn.€1996).Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àT.C.A.36„5„101(e)(1)€provides€as€follows€with€respect€to€the€setting€of€child€support:Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* ÐÒ€°ÒÒ€°Ò(1)€In€making€its€determination€concerning€the€amount€of€support€of€any€minorÐ ° Ðchild€or€children,€the€court€shall€apply€as€a€rebuttable€presumption€the€childÐ œì Ðsupport€guidelines€as€provided€in€this€subsection.Ð ˆØ ÐÒ°€ÒÒ°€ÒÌà  àThe€Guidelines,€referenced€at€T.C.A.36„5„101(e)(1),€are€promulgated€by€the€DepartmentÐ `° Ðof€Human€Services€in€chapter€1240„2„4€of€the€Official€Compilation€of€the€Rules€and€RegulationsÐ L œ Ðof€the€State€of€Tennessee.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àUnder€the€Guidelines,€child€support€is€calculated€on€the€basis€of€the€noncustodial€parentððsÐ  ` Ðnet€income€as€derived,€in€turn,€from€a€determination€of€such€parentððs€gross€income.€€TheÐ ü L  ÐGuidelines€further€state€that€in€kind€remuneration€must€be€imputed€as€gross€income.€See€Tenn.Ð è 8  ÐComp.€R.€&€Reg.s,€ch.1240„2„4„.03(3)(a).Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àThe€first€issue€presented€in€this€appeal€is€whether€there€is€sufficient€evidence€in€this€caseÐ ¬ü  Ðto€support€the€conclusion€that€the€benefits€of€food,€lodging€and€vehicle€use€received€by€Mr.Ð ˜è  ÐPartridge€from€his€parents€constitute€in€kind€remuneration€imputable€as€income€under€theÐ „Ô  ÐGuidelines.€€We€do€not€believe€that€there€is€sufficient€evidence€to€support€this€conclusion.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àThe€mere€fact€that€Mr.€Partridge€receives€benefits€from€his€family€while€working€for€hisÐ H˜ Ðfamily€is€not,€in€itself,€enough€to€qualify€those€benefits€as€in€kind€remuneration.€€Absent€evidenceÐ 4„ Ðthat€the€benefits€received€amount€to€payment€for€services€rendered,€such€benefits€cannot€beÐ  p Ðimputed€to€Mr.€Partridgeððs€income€under€the€Guidelines.€See€òòState€of€Tennessee€ex€rel.€€Rion€v.Ð  \ ÐRionóó,€1997€WL€796212€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997).Ð øH ÐÌà  àWe€find€no€reason€to€believe€that€Mr.€Partridge€would€not€receive€meals,€lodging€andÐ Ð  Ðvehicle€use€from€his€parents€even€were€he€not€employed€by€his€family.€€Should€it€be€shown€thatÐ ¼  ÐMr.€Partridge€did€not€receive€these€benefits€prior€to€employment€by€his€family€this€would€lendÐ ¨ø Ðsupport€to€a€finding€that€he€would€not€receive€such€benefits€but€for€his€employment.€There€is,€Ð ”ä Ðhowever,€no€evidence€in€the€record€as€to€when€Mr.€Partridgeððs€family€began€providing€him€withÐ €Ð Ðthese€benefits.Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àFrom€our€review€of€€this€case,€we€believe€that€the€Juvenile€Courtððs€conclusion€that€theÐ D!” Ðbenefits€received€by€Mr.€Partridge€constitute€in€kind€remuneration€derives€from€the€perceptionÐ 0"€  Ðthat€the€$240.00€per€week€which€Mr.€Partridge€makes€working€for€his€family€is€less€than€heÐ #l! Ðwould€receive€were€he€working€elsewhere€and€that€the€food,€lodging€and€vehicle€use€are,Ð $X" Ðtherefore,€intended€to€supplement€his€salary€and,€thereby,€deter€him€from€seeking€more€lucrativeÐ ô$D # Ðemployment.€€However,€there€is€no€proof€offered€that€the€salary€which€Mr.€Partridge€receivesÐ à%0!$ Ðfrom€his€father€is€below€the€average€rate€of€pay€received€by€persons€similarly€employed€atÐ Ì&"% Ðcomparable€businesses.€€Ð ¸'#& Ðâ âÐ ¤(ô#' Ðà  àAs€to€the€proposition€that€Mr.€Partridge€would€be€making€more€money€if€he€wereÐ ° Ðemployed€in€a€job€which€utilizes€his€Associates€Degree׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×,€we€find€no€evidence,€other€thanÐ œì Ðâ âspeculation€by€the€State,€as€to€what€Mr.€Partridge's€earning€potential€would€be€were€he€employedÐ ˆØ Ðwithin€his€field€of€study.€In€fact,€other€than€the€State's€assertion€that€"although€it€is€not€clear€fromÐ tÄ Ðthe€record,€it€seems€that€his€training€is€in€computers",€we€find€no€evidence€as€to€exactly€whatÐ `° Ðparticular€job,€or€jobs,€Mr.€Partridge's€Associates€Degree€qualifies€him€for.€€And,€although€it€isÐ L œ Ðalso€asserted€that€Mr.€Partridge€has€had€two€job€interviews,€there€is€no€evidence€that€Mr.Ð 8 ˆ ÐPartridge€has€had€any€job€offers,€nor€is€there€any€other€evidence€presented€regarding€theÐ $ t Ðmarketability€of€Mr.€Partridge's€Associates€Degree.Ð  ` ÐÌà  àAbsent€findings€of€fact,€with€respect€to€Mr.€Partridge's€earning€potential€and€theÐ è 8  Ðmarketability€of€his€Associates€Degree,€and€adequate€underlying€evidence€to€warrant€suchÐ Ô$  Ðfindings,€we€do€not€believe€that€Juvenile€Court's€conclusion€that€the€benefits€provided€to€Mr.Ð À  ÐPartridge€constitute€in€kind€remuneration€is€sufficiently€supported.€€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àThe€marketability€of€Mr.€Partridge's€Associates€Degree€and€his€earning€potential€are€alsoÐ „Ô  Ðdirectly€related€to€the€second€issue€in€this€appeal€which€is€whether€the€Juvenile€Court€erred€inÐ pÀ Ðfailing€to€consider€the€€matter€of€willful€and€voluntary€underemployment€when€setting€Mr.Ð \¬ ÐPartridge's€child€support€obligation.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àIn€our€view,€adherence€to€the€Child€Support€Guidelines€does€necessitate€a€determinationÐ  p Ðby€the€Juvenile€Court€as€to€whether€or€not€Mr.€Partridge€is€willfully€and€voluntarilyÐ  \ Ðunderemployed.€As€set€forth€at€Tenn.€Comp.€R.€&€Regs.,€ch.€1240„2„4„.03(d)€:€€Ð øH Ðà  àÐ ä4 ÐÒ€°ÒÒ€°Ò(d)€€If€an€obligor€is€willfully€and€voluntarily€unemployed€or€underemployed,Ð Ð  Ðchild€support€shall€be€calculated€based€on€a€determination€of€potential€income,Ð ¼  Ðas€evidenced€by€educational€level€and/or€previous€work€experience.Ð ¨ø ÐÌÒ°€ÒÒ°€Òà  àWe€believe€that€a€determination€of€underemployment€in€this€case€requires€findings€of€factÐ €Ð Ðwith€respect€to€the€marketability€of€Mr.€Partridge's€degree€and€his€earning€potential€and,€for€theÐ l¼ Ðreasons€hitherto€stated,€we€find€the€record€to€be€deficient€in€such€findings.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àUnder€T.C.A.€36„5„101(e)(1),€the€presumption€that€the€Child€Support€Guidelines€areÐ 0"€  Ðapplicable€in€determining€the€amount€of€the€child€support€obligation€may€be€rebutted€if€the€courtÐ #l! Ðfinds€sufficient€evidence€to€do€so€and€if€the€court€makes€a€written€finding€that€applying€theÐ $X" ÐGuidelines€would€be€unjust€or€inappropriate.€€See€òòHoffman€v.€Hoffmanóó,€€1998€WL€205707€(Tenn.Ð ô$D # ÐCt.€App.).Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àIn€the€case€before€us,€it€appears€that€the€Juvenile€Court€failed€to€apply€the€Guidelines€andÐ ¸'#& Ðalso€failed€to€make€a€written€finding€as€to€why€the€Guidelines€should€not€be€applied.€€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÐ )à$( Ðà  àThe€final€issue€presented€in€this€appeal€concerns€whether€the€Juvenile€Court€erred€inÐ ° Ðtaking€judicial€notice€of€the€monthly€cost€of€the€food,€lodging€and€vehicle€use€provided€to€Mr.Ð œì ÐPartridge.€€Although€we€believe€that€it€is,€perhaps,€preferable€that€proof€be€required€as€to€the€costÐ ˆØ Ðof€these€items,€€we€find€it€unnecessary€to€address€this€issue€by€reason€of€the€fact€that€the€order€ofÐ tÄ Ðthe€Juvenile€Court€is€to€be€vacated€on€other€grounds€heretofore€stated.Ð `° ÐÌà  à€For€the€foregoing€reasons,€we€vacate€the€Juvenile€Court's€order€of€November€12,€1999Ð 8 ˆ Ðand€remand€this€case€for€further€findings€of€fact€consistent€with€this€opinion.€€Costs€are€adjudgedÐ $ t Ðone„half€against€Mr.€Partridge€and€one„half€against€the€State€of€Tennessee.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð  ` ÐÌà  à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð è 8  Ðà  àÌÌà  à€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌÌÌÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#à_________________________________________ÐH˜À(#À(# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àHOUSTON€M.€GODDARD,€PRESIDING€JUDGE