ÿWPCÐ 0# °UN» %  0(w@74w‹bš¢ 0Jª 0Tô 0^H 0h¦ 0r 0|€ 0†ü 0‚ 1u 0d‡U>ë AQ) Æz 0D@ 0@„ 0DÄ B) D/1 B` B} D3š DCÍ AM U*] ø‡ v~ vÓý˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ »U¼D½D¾I¿ÀDÁÂ#eÃÓ€Íê‚_#tttttt3|xÏ- ù-2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman!"#$&Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó% Line 7 d(('÷ÿ dxd düÿP Pd'''''ÿÿdxd%%%%7Border 1dd!#*Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial îÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ""ÝÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÔ€,ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€,XÔÌÌJuly€1,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ellan Geneva ÒÒ  ellan Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ € ÒÒ „ ÒÓ` °‡XøÈ“XÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€¼Ô›œÞ ÞÌIN›€RE:€€à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àJASON€RYAN€STEPHENSà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌPAMELA€RENEE€STEPHENSà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌÓ#` Ü‚Xøôx‘X#Óà àPetitioner/Appellant,à à)à àAppeal€No.Ìà àà à)à à01„A„01„9801„JV„00043Ìv.à àà à)Ìà àà à)à àRutherford€JuvenileÌJAMES€CALLAWAY,à à)à àNo.€€€9600ÌÙ€!ÙœßR€+-*A1-j|!.` ç `€€@ÿRß›à àà à)Ìà àRespondent/Appellee.à à)Ìà àà àÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓCOURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌÌAPPEAL€FROM€THE€JUVENILE€COURT€FOR€RUTHERFORD€COUNTYÌÌAT€MURFREESBORO,€TENNESSEEÌÌÌTHE€HONORABLE€DAVID€LOUGHRY,€JUDGEÌÓ ` Ü‚XœÈ“X ÓÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌÌPETER€V.€HALLÌ8€Lincoln€SquareÌ1535€West€Northfield€BoulevardÌMurfreesboro,€Tennessee€€37129Ìà àATTORNEY€FOR€PETITIONER/APPELLANTÌÌW.€KENT€COLEMANÌ14€Public€Square€NorthÌMurfreesboro,€Tennessee€€37130Ìà àATTORNEY€FOR€RESPONDENT/APPELLEEÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓREVERSED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌÌÓ  Óà àà àWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEÌÌÑ7€FXXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ÑÓÓÓ  ÓòòÔ€°ÔOPINIONóóÌÓ  ÓÓ#` Ü` ä œÈ“X#ÓÓ€ÓÔ€¼Ôà àThis€appeal€involves€a€biological€father's€obligation€to€support€hisÏthirteen€year€old€son.€ÌÌà àAppellant€Pamela€Renee€Stephens€is€the€mother€of€Jason€RyanÏStephens€age€thirteen€years€and€appellee€James€Callaway€is€the€natural€fatherÏof€Jason€Ryan€Stephens.ÌÌà àAt€the€time€Ryan€was€born€Mr.€Callaway€was€married€to€Anita€M.ÏCallaway€and€they€had€one€minor€child.€€Subsequent€to€the€birth€of€Ryan,ÏJames€and€Anita€Callaway€had€three€additional€children€and€at€the€time€of€theÏtrial€court€proceedings€which€are€the€subject€of€this€appeal,€James€and€AnitaÏCallaway€and€their€four€children€were€living€together€at€Saint€Simons€Island,ÏGeorgia€where€Mr.€Callaway€was€employed€as€Human€Resource€Manager€forÏRich„Seapak,€a€manufacturer€of€frozen€foods.ÌÌà àFollowing€a€blood€test€in€August€of€1987€the€Juvenile€Court€ofÏRutherford€County,€Tennessee€ordered€Mr.€Callaway€to€pay€child€support€toÏMs.€Stephens€in€the€amount€of€$60.00€per€week€plus€half€of€the€medicalÍexpenses€incurred€on€behalf€of€Ryan.€€At€the€time€of€this€August€1987€orderÏMr.€Callaway's€annual€income€was€approximately€$35,000.00.€ÌÌà àIn€the€ensuing€years€Mr.€Callaway€increased€his€support€paymentsÏwithout€the€necessity€of€a€court€order€to€the€point€that€at€the€time€of€theÏhearing€in€the€trial€court€of€October€22,€1997€he€was€paying€$460.00€perÏmonth,€together€with€half€of€Ryan's€medical€expenses.ÌÌà àOn€June€10,€1997,€appellant€filed€a€petition€seeking€an€increase€inÏchild€support€asserting€a€change€in€circumstances.€€This€petition€wasÏanswered€by€the€appellee€on€July€21,€1997€and€trial€of€the€issues€on€OctoberÏ2,€1997€resulted€in€a€judgment€of€the€juvenile€court€of€October€22,€1997Ïholding,€in€part,€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 à.€.€.€That€the€amount€of€child€support€to€be€paid€by€theÏrespondent€should€be€based€upon€the€guidelinesÏpromulgated€Ñ7€FXXdìXXdì7Ñby€the€Department€of€Human€Services,Ïwhich€amount€this€court€finds€to€be€$460.00€per€month;Ïthat€the€respondent€fails€to€exercise€visitation€with€theÏminor€child€thereby€justifying€an€upwards€deviation€fromÏthe€child€support€guidelines€in€the€amount€of€$40.00€forÏtotal€child€support€of€$500.00.€.€.ÌÌÓ€ÓÌà àThus€the€trial€court€set€future€child€support€at€$500.00€per€monthÏand€awarded€$1,200.00€in€attorney's€fees€to€counsel€for€appellant.ÌÌà àFrom€this€judgment€appellant€filed€her€notice€of€appeal€on€OctoberÏ31,€1997.ÌÌà àThe€proof€at€trial€established€the€gross€income€for€Mr.€Callaway€inÍcalendar€year€1995€to€be€$64,029.44€with€his€1996€gross€income€beingÏ$62,973.33.€€His€earnings€for€1997€through€September€21€were€$50,941.77.ÌÌà àBased€upon€all€of€the€evidence€the€trial€court€found€Mr.€Callaway'sÏannual€income€to€be€$67,680.00€gross€and€there€is€little€room€for€seriousÏdispute€in€the€record€about€this€amount€of€gross€income.ÌÌà àWhile€the€final€order€of€October€22,€1997€recites€correctly€that€theÏTennessee€Department€of€Human€Services€Child€Support€Guidelines€wereÏapplicable€the€trial€judge€undertook€to€take€into€consideration€the€obligationsÏof€Mr.€Callaway€to€his€four€children€living€in€his€household€with€his€wifeÏAnita.€€In€making€this€determination€the€trial€court€observed:ÌÓÓà8 àThere€is€a€court€authority€throughout€the€State€ofÏTennessee€that€says€I€am€just€supposed€to€give€you€21%€ofÏhis€net€income,€and€there€is€an€authority€for€that.Ìà8 àI€personably€don't€believe€in€that.€€He's€got€a€family€toÏsupport.€€Other€than€this€child,€he's€got€four€otherÏchildren;€and€I€think€all€children€are€just€as€important€asÏthe€other.ÌÌÓ€ÓÌà àThis€statement€by€the€trial€court€is€in€conformity€with€ò òòòAdams€v.ÏReedó óóó,€874€S.W.2d€61€(Tenn.App.1993).ÌÌà àIt€is€noted€that€ò òòòAdams€v.€Reedó óóó€was€decided€by€the€Eastern€SectionÏof€the€Court€of€Appeals€on€November€19,€1993,€and€an€application€forÏpermission€to€appeal€was€denied€by€the€supreme€court€on€April€4,€1994.ÌÌà àOn€September€29,€1994,€the€Department€of€Human€ServicesÏGuidelines€for€Child€Support€were€amended€with€an€effective€date€ofÍDecember€14,€1994.€€The€effect€of€this€amendment€is€discussed€by€this€courtÏat€length€in€ò òòòKirchner€v.€Pritchettó óóó,€1995€WL€714279€issued€December€6,Ï1995.€€It€is€noted€that€ò òòòKirchner€v.€Pritchettó óóó€also€involved€an€appeal€fromÏthe€Juvenile€Court€of€Rutherford€County.ÌÌà àIn€construing€the€December€14,€1994€amendment€to€the€guidelinesÏthis€court€said:ÌÓÓà8 à€**5€€The€recent€changes€in€the€guidelines€affect€severalÏof€the€issues€involved€in€this€case.€€The€parties€and€theÏjuvenile€court€should€recognize€that€they€will€affect€theÏamount€of€Mr.€Pritchett's€child€support€obligation€in€theÏfollowing€particulars:ÌÌÓ,"` Ü` ä ĆœÈÐ X,Óà8 àà à1.à àMr.€Pritchett€has€the€burden€of€proving€hisÏincome€and€expenses.€€If€the€juvenile€court€finds€that€hisÏproof€is€unreliable,€it€shall€presume€that€his€gross€incomeÏis€$25,761€in€accordance€with€Tenn.€Comp.€R.€&€Regs.€r.Ï1240„2„4„.03(3)(e).ÌÌà8 àà à2.à àThe€guidelines€presume€that€the€noncustodialÏparent€is€paying€the€required€federal,€state,€and€localÏtaxes.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Comp.€R.€&€Regs.€r.€1240„2„4„.03(4).€Ïthus,€the€amount€of€Mr.€Pritchett's€child€support€shouldÏbe€based€on€the€presumption€that€he€has€or€will€pay€theÏappropriate€taxes,€and€the€fact€that€he€has€not€paid€federalÏincome€taxes€should€not€affect€the€amount€of€his€childÏsupport€obligation.ÌÌà8 àà à3.à àMr.€Pritchett€may€not€deduct€payments€for€theÏsupport€of€his€other€children€unless€these€payments€areÏbeing€made€pursuant€to€a€court€order.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Comp.ÏR.€&€Regs.€r.€1240„2„4„.03(4).€(FN5)ÌÌà8 àà à4.à àMr.€Pritchett€cannot€request€the€juvenile€courtÏto€deviate€from€the€guidelines€solely€because€he€isÏsupporting€other€children€unless€he€can€demonstrate€anÏextreme€economic€hardship.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Comp.€R.€&€regs.Ír.€1240„2„4„.03(4).ÌÌà8 àà à5.à àThe€amount€of€Mr.€Pritchett's€child€supportÏshould€be€increased€if€he€is€not€providing€medicalÏinsurance€for€his€son.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Comp.€R.€&€Regs.€r.Ï1240„2„4„.04(1)(a).ÌÌà8 àà à6.à àThe€amount€of€Mr.€Pritchett's€child€supportÏshould€be€increased€if€he€is€not€exercising€the€visitationÏcontemplated€by€the€guidelines.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Comp.€R.€&ÏRegs.€r.€1240„2„4„.04(1)(b).ÌÌò òòòKirchner€v.€Pritchettó óóó,€1995€WL€714279€(Tenn.App.1995).ÌÌÓ€ÓÌà àThe€trial€court€thus€takes€issue€with€the€guidelines'€requirementsÏthat€Mr.€Callaway€may€not€deduct€payments€for€the€support€of€his€childrenÏother€than€Ryan€unless€such€payments€are€made€under€a€court€order€andÏfurther€can€not€request€deviation€from€the€guidelines€solely€because€he€isÏsupporting€other€children€unless€he€can€demonstrate€an€extreme€economicÏhardship.€€The€same€trial€court€found€in€the€hearing€below€that€no€suchÏextreme€economic€hardship€existed.ÌÌà àAddressing€this€same€problem€in€footnote€the€ò òòòKirchneró óóó€courtÏobserved:ÌÓÓà8 àFN5.à àAfter€criticizing€the€October€1989€version€of€theÏguidelines€for€not€recognizing€a€parent's€obligation€toÏsupport€children€in€the€absence€of€a€court€order,€anotherÏpanel€of€this€court€held€that€voluntary€child€supportÏshould€be€considered€in€setting€child€support.€€òòAdams€v.ÏReedóó,€874€S.W.2d€61,€63„65€(Tenn.Ct.App.1993).€€TheÏDepartment€of€Human€Services€amended€the€guidelinesÏafter€the€òòAdams€v.€Reedóó€decision.€€Rather€than€givingÏparents€credit€for€voluntary€child€support€payments,€theÏamended€guidelines€specifically€state€that€voluntary€childÍsupport€cannot€be€deducted€from€gross€income€and€cannotÏbe€used€as€a€basis€for€deviating€from€the€guidelines€unlessÏthe€payments€involve€extreme€economic€hardship.€€Tenn.ÏComp.€R.€&€Regs.€r.€1240„2„4„.03(4).ÌÌ1240„2„4„.0„3(4);€ò òòòKirchner€v.€Pritchettó óóó,€1995€WL€714279Ï(Tenn.App.1995).ÌÌÓ€ÓÌà àHowever€strongly€the€trial€court€or€an€appellate€court€may€disagreeÏwith€the€guidelines€the€legislative€mandate€is€clear€and€courts€have€no€choiceÏbut€to€apply€the€guidelines€when€the€court€finds€no€legitimate€basis€forÏdeviating€therefrom.ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àChild€support€in€Tennessee€is€statutorily€governed€byÏT.C.A.€ðð€36„5„101.€€Section€36„5„101(e)(1)€provides€thatÏ"[i]n€making€its€determination€concerning€the€amount€ofÏsupport€of€any€minor€child€.€.€.€of€the€parties,€the€courtÏshall€apply€as€a€rebuttable€presumption€the€child€supportÏguidelines€as€provided€in€this€subsection."€€The€GeneralÏAssembly€adopted€the€child€support€guidelinesÏpromulgated€by€the€Tennessee€Department€of€HumanÏServices€in€order€to€maintain€compliance€with€the€FamilyÏSupport€Act€of€1988,€codified€in€various€sections€of€42ÏU.S.C.€€While€they€add€a€measure€of€consistency€to€childÏsupport€awards€statewide,€the€guidelines€provide€moreÏthan€simple€percentages€to€be€applied€against€the€netÏincomes€of€non„custodial€parents.€€They€also€embody€"theÏrules€promulgated€by€the€Department€of€Human€ServicesÏin€compliance€with€[the]€requirements€[of€the€FamilyÏSupport€Act€of€1988]."€€Hence,€the€purposes,€premises,Ïguidelines€for€compliance,€and€criteria€for€deviation€fromÏthe€guidelines€carry€what€amounts€to€a€legislativeÏmandate.ÌÌò òòòNash€v.€Mulleó óóó,€846€S.W.2d€803,€804€(Tenn.1993).ÌÌÓ€ÓÌà àThe€guidelines€providing€no€explicit€requirement€as€to€the€amountÏto€be€awarded€in€upward€deviation€because€of€the€failure€of€Mr.€Callaway€toÏmaintain€regular€visitation€with€Ryan€this€court€will€not€disturb€the€findingÏof€the€trial€court€in€this€respect.ÌÌà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€reversed€and€the€case€remandedÏto€the€Juvenile€Court€of€Rutherford€County,€Tennessee€with€directions€to€fixÏthe€child€support€obligation€of€Mr.€Callaway€in€conformity€with€the€childÏsupport€guidelines€as€amended€on€December€14,€1994.ÌÌà àCosts€of€this€cause€are€assessed€against€the€appellee.ÌÓÓà àà àà àà àÌÌÌà àà àà àà à_______________________________Ìà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌHENRY€F.€TODD,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGE€à à