ÿWPCÊ ø`À³:…Ó›› utLœÉB$5j÷?x¾ ##ƒ´bóK,g«Ù›™ ŸHŠÂ›µ†©’a¢BfG~L0~£ÆªÀør¸ ú$I  ‰  e¾RgÔZÈC ~¼yÕyËÆéZPÆn§ØYÙõEñ¶ "º:²neÈXqøÄ ßd}ÿß¼@\OÕlèQ±í¸ÏÚ ùÒHÿÏþsp> ·2nÏO°.£¥Õ¬l!ø„£&ù?utæ+da(3FÞØažÚ‹˜¢7¦¤x¬²,¥Ü(¦Çwkð‡F®i~!K3KVò˜~>Û‚þ#§ÕUå2h°Gu‘Êú7X—Û–Q°Þw. »h€LtmLog×X «—…ÌÒšÅùšônÌ /ŠX`ÙGmÄ…¬ýüÅÀ´ÕÐþVšFq1RÌ”*1tG0? »MæK/^iÖ"lЖuLxØXœï$_ý.Aìù0Á~îQ(³ÑÁuŽDad>Ð~²¿ÿ^ïužæÕÃèܘ٠vºMM±å³Kr\šŠŽ@4vÂ_»…D^p펬gVqÜ®'–•³m„frKì%Wfš4sF  àïj-‹$ž‚5Ì ƒZ…–£I5Ì”\s1t2 !ïb#É\ %% ^ + 0ˆ7 UN¿ w 4 z% ÒŸ q € m‚ ™ Æ¡ Æg Æ-ÆóóN¹¹¹E»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»b½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½½ 0ëÅÅÅÅ B°° 0¤Í D5q D-¦ 0KÓÓ ASÆq 0¤7 0DÛ A«˜\\IB01S01\CLERK1NASÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»؃x/Ï (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularqdj/ê:i¢×+00 ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5- ù-(|G2~Œ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€D)»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôíaò»»Ô d(|3‰O$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€D)»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3‰O$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€D)»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€D)»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼D)»»»ÔÑ8€ÕXXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ‡î_8D)ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼D)»îî_8 #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓOctober€6,€2003€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XÕX»¼D)ÔÌò òÔ#†¼D)»XXÕô#ÔDUDLEY€Ô_ÔSTOVALLÔ_Ô,€SR.,€òòet€al.óó€v.€WILLIAM€THOMAS€Ô_ÔBAGSBYÔ_Ô,€JR.,€òòetÐ úJ Ðalóó.Ô‡XÕX»¼D)Ôó óÐ  ^ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Chancery€Court€for€Williamson€CountyÐ  ^ Ðà@@øøìàNo.€25000€€€€€€Russ€Heldman,€ChancellorÐ ú J ÐÌÒe°ÒÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E½` AßÐ ¾  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2002„01901„COA„R3„CV€„€Filed€November€24,€2003Ð ¹  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE` AßÐ ‘á  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThis€twice„tried€boundary€line€litigation,€spanning€five€years,€involves€a€small€square„footage€of€aÐ ŒÜ Ðlong„existing€private€roadway,€five€surveyors„engineers,€and€a€host€of€lay€witnesses.€€The€ChancellorÐ xÈ Ðadopted€the€expert€opinion€of€one€of€the€surveyors€with€respect€to€the€precise€location€of€a€crucialÐ d´ Ðcorner€of€the€roadway.€€We€affirm€except€as€modified€with€respect€to€discretionary€costs,€whichÐ P  Ðrequires€a€remand€for€determination.Ð <Œ ÐÓîÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Chancery€Court€isÐ d ÐAffirmedó ó€ò òas€Modified€and€Remandedó óÐ P ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼D)»àXÕÛ#ÔÔ‡XÕX.¼D)ÔWilliam€H.€Ô_ÔInmanÔ_Ô,€Sr.€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòWilliam€C.€Koch,€Jr.,óó€andÐ Ü, ÐòòWilliam€B.€Cain,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð È ÐÌChristopher€D.€Cravens,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€attorney€for€Appellants,€William€Thomas€Ô_ÔBagsbyÔ_Ô,€Jr.Ð  ð Ðand€Ô_ÔVelmaÔ_Ô€K.€Ô_ÔBagsbyÔ_Ô.Ð ŒÜ ÐÌDouglas€S.€Hale,€Franklin,€Tennessee,€attorney€for€appellees,€Dudley€Ô_ÔStovallÔ_Ô,€Sr.,€and€Betty€CarolinaÐ d!´  ÐÔ_ÔStovallÔ_Ô.Ð P" ! ÐÌJulia€E.€Ô_ÔStovallÔ_Ô,€Franklin,€Tennessee,€attorney€for€appellee,€Martha€Ô_ÔOakleyÔ_ÔÐ ($x# ÐÓÇÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼D)»XXÕö#ÔÔ‡XÕX»¼D)ÔÐ &P!% Ðò òI.ó óÐ ì&<"& ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼D)»XXÕ¥ #ÔÔ‡XÕX»¼D)ÔÓ  Óà ½ àThis€a€boundary€dispute,Ô#†¼D)»XXÕ #ÔÔ€XÕX»¼D)Ô€at€the€core€of€which€is€a€private€roadway€identified€as€Jackson€Lane,Ð Ä($( Ðwhich€was€created€in€1932€as€ð ða€strip€of€land€16€feet€in€widthðð€to€serve€the€Ô_ÔStovallÔ_Ô€property€as€the€soleÐ °)%) Ðmeans€of€access€to€a€public€roadway.€€This€private€roadway€has€been€used€by€the€Ô_ÔStovallsÔ_Ô€for€moreÐ œ*ì%* Ðthan€twenty€years,€and€title€thereto€was€Ô_ÔdecretallyÔ_Ô€awarded€to€the€Ô_ÔStovallsÔ_Ô€according€to€the€equitableÐ ˆ+Ø&+ Ðprinciple€of€adverse€possession.€€This€adjudication€is€not€questioned€on€appeal€except€as€to€its€exactÐ t,Ä', Ðlocation.Ð `-°(-ý ÐÔ_Ô‡Ó  Óò òII.ó óÐ ° ÐÓ  ÓÌà ½ àThe€property€of€Oakley€bounds€Jackson€Lane€on€the€east;€the€Bagsby€property€bounds€JacksonÐ ˆØ ÐLane€on€the€west.€€The€lane€is€1096€feet€in€length,€straight„line€measure,€or€1102.29€feet,€accordingÐ tÄ Ðto€conflictive€measurements.€€At€issue€is€the€portion€of€Jackson€Lane€abutting€the€eastern€boundaryÐ `° Ðof€the€Bagsby€land€extending€from€the€public€road€to€a€point€where€it€intersects€with€BagsbysððÐ L œ Ðnortheast€corner€and€physically€widens€to€twenty„one€feet.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà ½ àFrom€1936€to€1984€the€width€of€Jackson€Lane€was€not€changed€and€Bagsbysðð€northeast€cornerÐ  ` Ðwas€rounded€along€its€western€margin€until€it€was€gradually€ð ðsquared€offðð€and€the€corner€relocatedÐ ü L  Ðby€defendants€in€accordance€with€Ronnie€Brownððs€survey€in€1984.€€Stovall€objected€to€this€relocationÐ è 8  Ðof€Bagsbysðð€northeast€corner€although€it€did€not€interfere€with€the€use€of€Jackson€Lane.€€Mr.€BagsbyÐ Ô$  Ðtestified€that€prior€to€retaining€the€services€of€Randolph€Chapdelaine,€none€of€the€other€surveyors,Ð À  Ðwho€had€been€retained€to€relocate€his€northeast€corner,€had€opined€that€Jackson€Lane€encroached€onÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€Bagsby€Tract.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà ½ àThereafter,€the€Bagsbys€removed€the€fence€along€the€entire€western€margin€of€Jackson€Lane,Ð pÀ Ðwhich€was€the€eastern€boundary€of€their€land,€and€announced€their€intentions€to€erect€a€new€fence€thatÐ \¬ Ðwould€encroach€upon€the€asphalt€surface€of€the€lane.€€Stovall€objected€because€the€new€fence€BagsbyÐ H˜ Ðplanned€to€erect€would€interfere€with€the€use€of€Jackson€Lane€since€it€would€extend€approximatelyÐ 4„ Ðfive€feet€into€the€asphalt€pavement€at€the€northeast€corner.Ð  p ÐÌà ½ àEvidence€was€presented€that€Jackson€Lane€had€been€in€existence€for€over€fifty€years,€and€thatÐ øH Ðit€had€always€existed€between€the€Oakley€fence€and€the€Bagsby€fences€in€such€the€same€location€asÐ ä4 Ðit€presently€exists€and€that€the€northeast€corner€of€the€Bagsby€Tract€was€always€rounded.Ð Ð  ÐÌÓ  Óò òIII.ó óÐ ¨ø ÐÌÓ  Óà ½ àThis€case€was€tried€twice€before€different€trial€judges.€€The€first€trial€proceeded€to€finalÐ €Ð Ðjudgment€and€a€new€trial€was€awarded€after€a€procedural€morass€developed€involving€conflictingÐ l¼ Ðdecretal€provisions.€€The€testimony€at€the€first€trial€was€preserved€and€presented,€at€least€in€part,€atÐ X ¨ Ðthe€second€trial.€€A€host€of€witnesses€testified,€five€of€whom€were€licensed€surveyors.€€The€ChancellorÐ D!” Ðruled€that€the€Stovalls€had€acquired€title€to€Jackson€Lane€together€with€ð ða€twenty„one€and€one„halfÐ 0"€  Ðfoot€area€in€its€northeast€cornerðð€by€adverse€possession,€and€prohibited€the€Bagsbys€from€establishingÐ #l! Ðtheir€eastern€line€to€interfere€with€Jackson€Lane.€€Decretal€provisions€were€again€questioned,€resultingÐ $X" Ðin€the€adoption€by€the€Chancellor€of€the€survey€performed€by€Ron€Lowery,€who€was€initially€retainedÐ ô$D # Ðby€Mr.€Bagsby€to€identify€and€locate€a€ð ðproperty€line,€a€deed€lineðð€on€the€east€side€of€Jackson€Lane.€Ð à%0!$ ÐLowery€believed€a€boundary€survey€was€required€in€order€to€identify€the€precise€line.€€Mr.€BagsbyÐ Ì&"% Ðobjected€to€Loweryððs€site€selection€of€the€northwest€corner€of€his€property,€but€not€the€southeastÐ ¸'#& Ðcorner,€because€it€should€have€referenced€an€existing€stump.€€Mr.€Bagsby€thereupon€instructedÐ ¤(ô#' ÐLowery€to€set€no€pins€and€leave€the€premises.Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà ½ àLowery€testified€that€Mr.€Bagsby€believed€his€northeast€corner€should€have€been€located€withÐ ° Ðâ âreference€to€a€stump€called€for€in€the€Stovall€deed,€but€Lowery€disagreed.€€The€Chancellor€approvedÐ œì Ðand€adopted€the€survey€of€Lowery€and€decreed€accordingly.€€The€Chancellor€found,€òòinter€aliaóó:Ð ˆØ ÐÌà8 ½ àà8 ½Ð ½Ð àThe€16„foot€right€of€way€for€Jackson€Lane€was€first€reserved€[created]Ð `° Ðin€1932,€the€physical€boundaries€of€which€were€established€in€1937.€Ð L œ ÐThe€Stovalls€have€exercised€sufficient€control€over€the€entire€length€ofÐ 8 ˆ ÐJackson€Lane€together€with€the€21.5€„foot€area€at€its€NS€corner€forÐ $ t Ðmore€than€20€years,€and€that€such€control€was€open,€continuous,Ð  ` Ðactual,€adverse€and€notorious.€€The€NE€corner€of€the€Bagsby€Tract€isÐ ü L  Ð1096€linear€feet€from€the€NW€corner€of€the€tract.€€The€survey€byÐ è 8  ÐChapdelaine€is€not€an€accurate€description€of€the€land€owned€byÐ Ô$  ÐBagsby.€€The€Oakley€fence€is€an€ancient€monument€establishing€theÐ À  Ðwestern€boundary€of€the€Oakley€property€and,€consequently,€theÐ ¬ü  Ðeastern€boundary€of€Jackson€Lane.Ð˜è  x x ÐÌÓ  Óò òVI.ó óÐ pÀ ÐÓ  ÓÌà ½ àThe€Bagsbys€appeal€and€present€for€review€two€issues:€(1)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€inÐ H˜ Ðestablishing€their€eastern€boundary€and€northeastern€corner€according€to€the€survey€of€Tom€Lowery,Ð 4„ Ðand€(2)€whether€it€was€error€to€allow€Stovall€discretionary€costs€of€$8000.00.Ð  p ÐÌÓ  Óò òV.Ð øH Ðó óÓ  ÓÌà ½ àAs€a€preliminary€matter,€we€turn€to€the€applicable€standard€of€review.€€Because€this€is€anÐ Ð  Ðappeal€from€a€decision€made€by€the€court€following€a€bench€trial,€the€standard€set€forth€in€Tenn.€R.Ð ¼  ÐApp.€P.€13(d)€governs€our€review.€€Thus,€we€must€examine€the€record€òòde€novoóó€and€presume€that€theÐ ¨ø Ðfindings€of€fact€are€correct€ð ðunless€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence€is€otherwise.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€App.Ð ”ä ÐP.€13(d).€€Furthermore,€great€weight€must€be€given€to€the€factual€findings€made€by€the€trial€court€thatÐ €Ð Ðrest€on€determinations€of€credibility.€€òòSee€ò òRandolph€v.€Randolphóóó ó,€937€S.W.2d€815,€819€(Tenn.€1996).€Ð l¼ ÐThe€presumption€of€correctness€requires€us€to€accept€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€unless€theÐ X ¨ Ðaggregate€weight€of€the€evidence€demonstrated€that€a€finding€of€fact€other€than€the€one€found€by€theÐ D!” Ðtrial€court€is€more€probably€true.€€òòSeeò ò€Estate€of€Haynes€v.€Bradenóóó ó,€835€S.W.2d€19,€20€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.Ð 0"€  Ð1992)€(holding€that€an€appellate€court€is€bound€to€respect€a€trial€courtððs€findings€if€it€cannot€determineÐ #l! Ðthat€the€evidence€preponderates€otherwise).€€For€the€evidence€to€preponderate€against€a€trial€courtððsÐ $X" Ðfinding€of€fact,€it€must€support€another€finding€of€fact€with€greater€convincing€effect.€€òòSeeò ò€The€RealtyÐ ô$D # ÐShop,€Inc.€v.€RR€Westminister€Holding,€Inc.óóó ó,€7€S.W.3d€581,€596€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1999).€€QuestionsÐ à%0!$ Ðof€law€receive€plenary€review.€€òòSeeò ò€Malone€&€Hyde€Food€Servs.€v.€Parsonó óóó,€642€S.W.2d€157,€159Ð Ì&"% Ð(Tenn.,€Ct.€App.€1982).Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà ½ àThis€standard€also€applies€in€boundary€disputes€when€the€trial€court,€as€the€finder€of€fact,€isÐ )à$( Ðrequired€to€choose€between€two€competing€surveys.€€òòSee,€e.g.,€ò òHorne€v.€Warmathóóó ó,€No.€02A01„9509„Ð |*Ì%) ÐCH„00201,€1996€WL€465546€(Tenn.€App.€Aug.€16,€1996)€òòperm.€app.€denied€óó(Tenn.€Jan€16,€1997);Ð h+¸&* Ðòòò òMcMahan€v.€Douglasóóó ó,€1988€WL€20542€(Tenn.€App.€March€4,€1988),€òòperm.€app.€denied€óó(Tenn.€MayÐ ° Ð23,€1988).Ð œì ÐÌÓ  Óò òVI.ó óÐ tÄ ÐÓ  ÓÌà ½ àDefendants€argue€that€in€establishing€the€Bagsbysðð€northeast€corner€and€the€western€marginÐ L œ Ðof€Jackson€Lane,€the€trial€court€erred€in€adopting€the€survey€of€Ron€Lowery,€because€he€failed€to€giveÐ 8 ˆ Ðpriority€to€natural€monuments€over€courses€and€distances,€relying€on€the€well„settled€rule€that€inÐ $ t Ðdetermining€disputed€boundaries,€resort€is€to€be€had€first€to€natural€objects€or€landmarks;€next€toÐ  ` Ðartificial€monuments€or€marks;€then€to€boundary€lines€of€adjacent€landowners;€and€finally€to€coursesÐ ü L  Ðand€distances.€€òòò òPrichard€v.€Reborióóó ó,€186€S.W.121€(Tenn.€1916).Ð è 8  ÐÌà ½ àThe€Bagsbys€take€issue€with€the€failure€of€Lowery€to€recognize€an€old€stump€in€determiningÐ À  Ðthe€margins€of€Jackson€Lane,€because€the€lane€itself€is€only€required€to€be€sixteen€(16)€feet€wide,€andÐ ¬ü  Ðis€significantly€wider€as€it€corners€the€Stovall€Tract.€€Contrary€to€all€but€one€surveyor,€the€BagsbysÐ ˜è  Ðinsist€that€the€ð ðLowery€survey€cannot€be€relied€on€as€an€accurate€depiction€of€the€location€of€theÐ „Ô  ÐBagsbysðð€northeastern€corner€or€eastern€line,€because€the€establishment€of€both€is€dependent€upon€theÐ pÀ Ðcorrect€establishment€of€the€location€of€Jackson€Lane.ðð€€This€contention€is€contrary€to€the€testimonyÐ \¬ Ðof€Lowery€and€another€surveyor,€Fuqua,€that€the€Bagsbysðð€northeast€corner€does€not€require€the€priorÐ H˜ Ðlocation€of€Jackson€Lane.€€The€Bagsbys€had€no€quarrel€with€Loweryððs€location€of€their€southeasternÐ 4„ Ðand€northwestern€corners,€and€the€basic€agreement€among€all€experts€participating€in€this€trial€wasÐ  p Ðthat€the€northwest€corner€of€defendantsðð€property€was€appropriately€located.€€Mr.€Bagsby€testifiedÐ  \ Ðotherwise,€but€it€is€clear€that€the€trial€court€rejected€portions€of€his€testimony.Ð øH ÐÌà ½ àThe€judgment€does€not€preponderate€against€the€trial€courtððs€findings€and€therefore€isÐ Ð  Ðaffirmed,€Rule€13(d)€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.,€except€as€hereafter€noted.Ð ¼  ÐÌÓ  Óò òVII.ó óÐ ”ä ÐÓ  ÓÌà ½ àThe€second€issue€concerns€the€award€of€$8,000.00€discretionary€costs€to€the€Stovalls.€€RuleÐ l¼ Ð54.04(2)€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€Pro.€€Rule€54.04(2)€provides:Ð X ¨ ÐÌà8 ½ àà8 ½Ð ½Ð àRule€54.04€€€CostsÐ0"€  x x Ðà8 ½ àà8 ½Ð ½Ð àÐ  x x Ðà8 ½ àà8 ½Ð ½Ð à€€€(1)€€€Costs€included€in€the€bill€of€costs€prepared€by€the€clerk€shall€beÐ $X" Ðallowed€to€the€prevailing€party€unless€the€court€otherwise€directs,€butÐ ô$D # Ðcosts€against€the€state,€its€officer,€or€its€agencies€shall€be€imposed€onlyÐ à%0!$ Ðto€the€extent€permitted€by€law.ÐÌ&"% x x Ðà8 ½ àà8 ½Ð ½Ð àÐ  x x Ðà8 ½ àà8 ½Ð ½Ð à€€€(2)€€€Costs€not€included€in€the€bill€of€costs€prepared€by€the€clerk€areÐ ¤(ô#' Ðallowable€only€in€the€courtððs€discretion.€€Discretionary€costs€allowableÐ )à$( Ðare:€reasonable€and€necessary€court€reporter€expenses€for€depositionsÐ |*Ì%) Ðor€trials,€reasonable€and€necessary€expert€witness€fees€for€depositionsÐ h+¸&* Ðor€trial,€and€guardian€ad€litem€fees;€travel€expenses€are€not€allowableÐ ° Ðdiscretionary€costs.€€Subject€to€Rule€41.04,€a€party€requestingÐ œì Ðdiscretionary€costs€shall€file€and€serve€a€motion€within€thirty€(30)€daysÐ ˆØ Ðafter€entry€of€judgment.€€The€trial€court€retains€jurisdiction€over€aÐ tÄ Ðmotion€for€discretionary€costs€even€though€a€party€has€filed€a€notice€ofÐ `° Ðappeal.€€The€court€may€tax€discretionary€costs€at€the€time€of€voluntaryÐ L œ Ðdismissal.Ð8 ˆ x x ÐÌà8 ½ àà8 ½Ð ½Ð à€€€(3)€€The€court€may€appoint€an€interpreter€of€its€own€selection€andÐ  ` Ðmay€fix€reasonable€compensation.€€The€compensation€shall€be€paid€outÐ ü L  Ðof€funds€provided€by€law€or€by€one€or€more€of€the€parties€as€the€courtÐ è 8  Ðmay€direct,€and€may€be€taxed€ultimately€as€costs€in€the€discretion€ofÐ Ô$  Ðthe€court.ÐÀ  x x ÐÌà ½ àThe€motion€for€discretionary€costs€as€amended€included€òòcourt„orderedóó€surveying€andÐ ˜è  Ðengineering€expenses€owing€to€Ragan„Smith€Associates€in€the€amount€of€$6696.52.€€These€expensesÐ „Ô  Ðshould€be€taxed€as€court€costs,€rather€than€as€discretionary€costs.€€Invoices€from€other€surveyors€doÐ pÀ Ðnot€distinguish€fees€for€field€and€administrative€work€from€fees€for€testifying,€and€we€are€unable€toÐ \¬ Ðmake€the€distinction.Ð H˜ ÐÌà ½ àThe€rule€is€made€clear€in€òòò òMiles€v.€Voss€Health€Care€Centeróóó ó,€896€S.W.2d€773€(Tenn.€1995):Ð  p ÐÌà8 ½ àà8 ½Ð ½Ð àHowever,€the€rule€specifically€limits€discretionary€costs€with€regard€toÐ øH Ðexpert€witnesses€to€their€fees€for€testifying.€€The€record€reveals€that€Dr.Ð ä4 ÐColvin€met€with€the€employee€one€time€for€the€purpose€of€evaluatingÐ Ð  Ðher€disability.€€He€also€spent€time€reviewing€the€medical€proof€as€partÐ ¼  Ðof€his€evaluation.€€He€testified€in€person€at€the€trial.€€He€charged€$750Ð ¨ø Ðfor€his€services.€€The€employeeððs€motion€for€discretionary€costs€doesÐ ”ä Ðnot€indicate€how€much€of€Dr.€Colvinððs€fee€was€for€his€evaluation,€andÐ €Ð Ðhow€much€was€for€his€appearance€and€testimony€at€trial.€€Since,€asÐ l¼ Ðindicated€above,€the€portion€of€the€fee€charged€for€evaluating€theÐ X ¨ Ðemployee€is€not€recoverable€under€Rule€54.04(2),€but€the€portion€ofÐ D!” Ðthe€fee€charged€for€his€trial€testimony€is€recoverable€as€discretionaryÐ 0"€  Ðcost,€the€case€must€be€remanded€to€the€trial€court€to€make€thisÐ #l! Ðdetermination.Ð$X" x x ÐÌòòSee,€óóalso,€òòò òShahrdar€v.€Global€Housing,€Inc.óóó ó,€983€S.W.2d€230€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1998)€holding€that€ð ðÐ à%0!$ Ð.€.€.€.€recovery€of€expert€fees€under€the€rule€is€limited€òòto€fees€incurred€for€actual€deposition€or€trialÐ Ì&"% Ðtestimonyóó.€(Emphasis€added).€€Fees€for€preparation€time€are€not€recoverable.ððÐ ¸'#& ÐÌà ½ àAs€in€ò òòòMilesó ó,€supra,óó€the€case€must€be€remanded€to€the€trial€court€to€make€this€determination.Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà ½ àThe€judgment€is€affirmed,€except€as€modified€with€respect€to€the€discretionary€costs,€andÐ ° Ðâ âremanded€to€the€trial€court.€€Costs€on€appeal€are€assessed€to€the€appellants.Ð œì ÐÌÌà ½ àÌà ½ àà  àà m àà Å àà  àà u àà Í à___________________________________€Ð L œ Ðà ½ àà  àà m àà Å àà  àà u àà Í àWILLIAM€H.€INMAN,€SENIOR€JUDGE