ÿWPC2  ´Ÿ¤Ÿ¿•„»4\¦6 <:Ë-«H·Ôìä*Â…ÿµOT'B[ÛÕBIžÄu>e5,á]ßšh—b6‰ç9·Þׄe Û6Jã™þ”¾²^°C±„2}Á±3Ù@ïQK©€ )Âé2Ž[¶ºÁbZÈD6虣=mWEºÖEP?l ×ÿßÕ´ÿj‰´Ì“¾8=Ûœ}‘wZ¥ÇÐÿ ð”ÖJ¦ªÜd uNqøþ{ a‹ÝÔOÖw" ƺæÓJó©ncÛy„tY=¸SuÒˆC-¶¯U-XNPì ˜úgƹ£ûሖÊxn zÐÎmá߬¹é—wCÌéñÁI#N\&Äñ40ò)Ð/\RjŒš^xßíÚW¢Z*+H (&ºþFÜ¿)uescu\z4O°^t«¾·úY$ïu.Ñ“œ%ø/o¹ùs‘_·Z#ÁìU/N­ %û 0: ^ ; wG 4K _ n mp ‡ 1‡ 0 ~ 0 D” 72Ø 1u 72 0c± é bý 0VÇ[x"èšõ‚Nw yUN†îÔ:Â?üT;;;;;;© Ã8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8*8* Bû1˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô ›|+s 8n_+ð.ž8uŸ3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ (5hCEKQW]cioAutoList11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.(.(3Ä($¤¤Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó 1.3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à ßÝ ƒ Ä($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ôü òXXÔThe€first€and€second€issues€stated€by€the€appellants€specifically€read€as€follows:Ð ° ÐÓ€ (5h83Óà  à1.€€Whether€the€Federal€Insecticide,€Fungicide,€and€Rodenticide€Act€(ð ðFIFRAðð),€7€U.S.C.€ðððð€136„136yÐ tÄ Ð(1994€&€Supp.€V€1999),€preempts€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Labor,€Division€of€Occupational€Safety€and€HealthÐ 8ˆ Ð(ð ðTOSHAðð),€from€imposing€personal€protective€equipment€(ð ðPPEðð)€requirements€upon€professional€pesticideÐ üL Ðapplicators€engaged€in€mixing,€loading€or€applying€federally€regulated€pesticides?Ð À Ðà  à2.€€Whether€ðð€4(b)(1)€of€the€federal€Occupational€Safety€and€Health€Act€(ð ðOSH€Actðð),€29€U.S.C.€ððÐ „Ô Ð653(b)(1)€(1994),€preempts€TOSHA€from€imposing€PPE€requirements€upon€professional€pesticide€applicatorsÐ H ˜ Ðengaged€in€mixing,€loading€or€applying€federally€regulated€pesticides?Ô#†XõøX òôüe#Ô- ù-(.3½Þ$©©Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  Ý ½Ý ƒ Ä($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€ôü òXXÔAppellants€phrased€the€third€issue€as€follows:€€€€€Whether€the€Chancery€Court€erred€in€affirming€theÐ ° Ðdecision€of€the€Tennessee€Occupational€Safety€and€Health€Review€Commission€that€TOSHA€had€jurisdiction€orÐ tÄ Ðauthority€to€issue€citations€against€Petitioners„Appellants€Terminix€International€Company,€L.P.€and€TruGreen,€Inc.,Ð 8ˆ ÐL.P.,€for€alleged€violations€of€TOSHA€PPE€requirements€supposedly€applicable€to€professional€pesticide€applicatorsÐ üL Ðengaged€in€mixing,€loading€or€applying€pesticides? nÝ ƒ Ä($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ôü òXXÔThe€ð ðcitationsðð€issued€set€forth€numerous€violations.€€Each€violation€stated€within€a€ð ðcitationðð€is€identifiedÐ ° Ðas€an€ð ðitem.ðð€€Example,€Citation€No.€1,€Item€3(b).Ô#†XõøX òôüe#Ô ÞÝ ƒ Ä($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ôü òXXÔAppellants€Terminix€and€TruGreen€were€cited€for€failure€to€comply€with€federal€regulations€set€forth€in€29Ð ° ÐCFR€1910€et.€seq.,€specifically€failing€to€assure€their€employeesðð€safety€and€health,€i.e.,€to€be€certain€that€the€properòòóóÐ tÄ Ðrespirators€were€used,€that€the€federally€mandated€respirators€were€clean€and€properly€stored€(not€thrown€behind€aÐ 8ˆ Ðpick„up€truck€seat),€that€the€employees€were€òòproperly€trainedóó€in€the€use€of,€and€wereòò€required€to€useóó€the€federallyÐ üL Ðmandated€respirators,€and€other€federally€required€Personal€Protective€Equipment€(ð ðPPEðð),€(òòSeeóó€TOSHA€CitationÐ À ÐNo.€1,€Items€3a,€3b€and€3c)€and€for€their€failure€to€require€a€workplace€hazard€assessment€(Citation€No.€2,€Item€1a.)€€Ô#†XõøX òôüf#Ô ëÝ ƒ Ä($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ôü òXXÔReview€of€each€citation€reveals€that€Terminix€and€TruGreen€were€merely€cited€for€its€employeesðð€failure€toÐ ° Ðabide€by€existing€Federal€law.€€There€is€no€reference€to€additional€requirements,€labeling€or€PPE,€that€was€imposedÐ tÄ Ðby€the€state€that€was€not€likewise€imposed€by€federal€law.Ô#†XõøX òôüe#Ô Ý ƒ Ä($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ôü òXXÔThe€term€ð ðapplicatorðð€refers€to€a€person,€an€employee,€as€distinguished€from€a€device.Ô#†XõøX òôüe#Ô(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular äÝ ƒ Ä($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ôü òXXÔEach€ð ðcitationðð€cited€TruGreen€for€numerous€violations.Ô#†XõøX òôüe#Ô 0Ñ#€Xÿÿd#ÑÑ € Ñ 5Ý ƒ Ä($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ôü òXXÔThe€trial€courtððs€order€reflects€that€appellantsðð€petition€was€brought€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„5„Ð ° Ð322(a).Ô#†XõøX òôüe#Ô JÝ ƒ Ä($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ôü òXXÔAgain,€the€amended€petition,€although€incorrectly€titled,€sought€review€under€the€AdministrativeÐ ° Ðprocedures€Act,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð4„5„322.€€Ô#†XõøX òôüe#Ô Ÿ Ý ƒ Ä($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡XõøXXXÔÔ‡ôü òXXõøÔIn€its€order,€the€trial€court€explained€its€scope€of€review€using€the€common€law€writ€of€certiorari€standard.€Ð ° ÐUnder€that€standard,€review€is€limited€to€whether€the€inferior€tribunal€exceeded€its€jurisdiction€or€acted€illegally,Ð tÄ Ðarbitrarily,€or€fraudulently.€€òòCitizens€for€Ô_ÔColliervilleÔ_Ô€v.€Town€of€Ô_ÔColliervilleÔ_Ôóó,€977€S.W.2d€321€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1998).€Ð 8ˆ ÐThe€standard€for€judicial€review€under€the€Administrative€Procedures€Act€is€set€out€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„5„Ð üL Ð322(h):Ð À ÐÌà8  àThe€court€may€affirm€the€decision€of€the€agency€or€remand€the€case€for€further€proceedings.€€TheÐ H ˜ Ðcourt€may€reverse€or€modify€the€decision€if€the€rights€of€the€petitioner€have€been€prejudicedÐ  \ Ðbecause€the€administrative€findings,€inferences,€conclusions€or€decisions€are:ÐÐ Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à1.€€In€violation€of€constitutional€or€statutory€provisions;ÐX ¨ Ð Ð  Ðà  à2.€€In€excess€of€the€statutory€authority€of€the€agency;Ð  l  Ðà  à3.€€Made€upon€unlawful€procedure;Ð à 0  Ðà8  à4.€€Arbitrary€or€capricious€or€characterized€by€abuse€of€discretion€or€clearly€unwarranted€exerciseÐ ¤ô  Ðof€discretion;€orÐh¸ Ð Ð  Ðà8  à5.€€Unsupported€by€evidence€which€is€both€substantial€and€material€in€the€light€of€the€entire€record.Ð,| Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àIn€determining€the€substantiality€of€evidence,€the€court€shall€take€into€account€whatever€in€theÐ ´  Ðrecord€fairly€detracts€from€its€weight,€but€the€court€shall€not€substitute€its€judgment€for€that€of€theÐ xÈ  Ðagency€as€to€the€weight€of€the€evidence€on€questions€of€fact.Ð<ŒÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€determinative€issue€in€this€case€was€a€question€of€law€regarding€the€jurisdiction€of€Ô_ÔTOSHAÔ_Ô,€determinedÐ Ä Ðby€review€and€interpretation€of€statutes.€€On€such€issues,€there€is€no€real€difference€in€the€standards€of€review.€Ô#†XõøX òôü…#ÔÐ ˆØ ÐÔ#†XõøXXXõøf#Ô ¹Ý ƒ Ä($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡XõøXXXÔÔ‡ôü òXXõøÔThe€pleading€filed€by€appellants€was€entitled€ð ðPetition€for€Writ€of€Certiorari€and€Statutory€Appeal.ðð€Ð ° ÐHowever,€the€pleading€states€it€was€filed€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€4„5„322(a)(1)€and€(b)(1),€the€statuteÐ tÄ Ðgoverning€judicial€review€of€orders€of€administrative€agencies,€after€a€contested€case€proceeding,€under€theÐ 8ˆ ÐTennessee€Administrative€Procedures€Act.€€The€APA€provides€the€proper€method€for€judicial€review€in€this€case,€notÐ üL Ðthe€common€law€or€statutory€writ€of€certiorari€procedures.€€The€proceeding€before€the€Commission€was€a€contestedÐ À Ðcase€hearing,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„5„102(3),€governed€by€the€APA.€€Further,€the€Commission,€in€both€its€Notice€ofÐ „Ô ÐHearing€and€its€final€order€explained€the€method€by€which€an€aggrieved€party€could€seek€judicial€review,€citingÐ H ˜ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„5„322.€€The€Commission€filed€a€certified€copy€of€its€administrative€record,€as€required€by€theÐ  \ ÐAPA.€€Nonetheless,€at€some€point€counsel€for€the€State€respondents€began€referring€to€the€case€as€one€brought€as€aÐ Ð  Ðpetition€for€common€law€writ€of€certiorari,€perhaps€because€of€the€title€given€the€initial€pleadings.€€We€will€treat€thisÐ ” ä  Ðappeal€as€arising€from€a€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„5„322€proceeding€in€the€trial€court.€€We€note€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ X ¨  Ð4„5„322(a)(1)€authorizes€the€review€of€ð ða€preliminary,€procedural€or€intermediate€agency€action€or€rulingðð€in€certainÐ  l  Ðcircumstances.€€Appellantsðð€initial€petition€sought€review€of€such€an€order€and€cited€that€statutory€provision.Ô#†ôü ò òôüe#ÔÔ#†XõøX òôü„#Ô dÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ  Óò òÔ€î¦eîXXÔÑ€¶`Ñà @ àó óIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ ° ÐAT€NASHVILLEÔ‡¼µ”»îî¦eÔÐ Ö& ÐSeptember€7,€2001€SessionÐ üL Ðò òÌTHE€TERMINIX€INTERNATIONAL€COMPANY,€L.P.,€Ô#†î¦eµ”Î#ÔÔ‡XõøXîî¦eÔET€AL.€VÔ#†î¦eîXXõø#ÔÔ‡¼µ”»îî¦eÔ.€THEÐ " r ÐTENNESSEE€DEPARTMENT€OF€LABOR,€Ô#†î¦eµ”Ë#ÔÔ‡XõøXîî¦eÔET€AL.Ô#†î¦eîXXõøF#ÔÔ‡¼µ”»îî¦eÔÐ 6 † Ðó óÌò òÔ#†î¦eµ”Ž#ÔÔ‡XõøXîî¦eÔAppeal€from€the€Chancery€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ \ ¬ ÐNo.€99„368„I€€Irvin€H.€Kilcrease,€Jr.,€ChancellorÐ H ˜ Ð_________________________Ð 4„  ÐÌNo.€M2001„00174„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Filed€November€28,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ  \  Ð_________________________Ô#†î¦eîXXõøì#ÔÔ‡¼µ”»îî¦eÔó óÐ øH  ÐÌÓ  ÓÓ€ÓÓ€ÓÔ#†î¦eµ”‹#ÔÔ€ŠÀ7ˆîî¦eÔÔ‡XõøXˆŠÀ7ÔThis€matter€is€before€the€Court€upon€a€petition€seeking€judicial€review€of€our€administrative€order.€Ð öF ÐThe€Petition€was€initiated€in€the€Chancery€Court€of€Davidson€County,€Tennessee,€wherein€theÐ â2 Ðappellants€challenged€the€jurisdiction€of€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Labor,€Division€ofÐ Î ÐOccupational€Safety€and€Health€(ð ðTOSHAðð)€to€conduct€safety€inspections€concerning€pesticideÐ º  Ðapplicators€(i.e.,€persons€who€apply€pesticides)€and€to€enforce€such€regulations.€€The€Chancery€CourtÐ ¦ö Ðruled€that€the€Tennessee€Occupational€Safety€and€Health€Review€Commission€(TOSHA)€has€subjectÐ ’â Ðmatter€jurisdiction€to€conduct€inspections€and€issue€citations€concerning€the€safety€of€pesticideÐ ~Î Ðapplicators€in€the€work€place.€€We€affirm.Ð jº ÐÓ€áÓÓ€ÓÌò òÓ  ÓTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Chancery€Court€Affirmed€Ð B’ ÐÌó óÓîÓFòòRANKóó€G.€CòòLEMENTóó,€JòòRóó.,€SòòPóó.€J.,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€WòòILLIAMóó€B.€CòòAINóó€andÐ j ÐPòòATRICIAóó€J.€CòòOTTRELLóó,€JJ.,€joined.€Ð V ÐÌAlan€G.€Crone€and€James€Julius€Webb,€Jr.,€Memphis,€Tennessee;€and€Lawrence€S.€Ebner,Ð Þ. ÐWashington,€D.C.,€for€the€appellants,€Terminix€a/k/a€The€Terminix€International€Company€andÐ Ê  ÐTruGreen,€Inc.,€L.P.Ð ¶! Ðòòóó€Ð ¢"ò ÐPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€and€E.€Blaine€Sprouse,€Assistant€AttorneyÐ Ž#Þ  ÐGeneral,òòóó€for€the€appellees,€Tennessee€Department€of€Labor€and€Tennessee€Occupational€Safety€andÐ z$Ê! ÐHealth€Review€Commission.ò òÓ€ØÓÐ f%¶ " ÐÓ€ÓÓ  ÓOPINIONó óÐ È&"$ ÐÓ® ÓÌà@§§ìàòòIssues€Presented€on€AppealóóˆÐ  (ð#& ÐÌà  àThe€appellants/plaintiffs,€Terminix€International€Company,€L.P.€and€TruGreen,€Inc.,€L.P.,Ð x*È%( Ðset€forth€three€issues€on€appeal.€€Ð d+´&) ÐÌÐ  <-Œ(+ ÐѶ`Ñâ âÑ8€õøXXdìdÈ8ÑÑ€Ñâ âÑ  Ñà  àThe€first€two€issues€can€be€paraphrased€as€follows:€Whether€the€Federal€Insecticide,Ð ° ÐFungicide,€and€Rodenticide€Act€(ð ðFIFRAðð)€and€the€Federal€Occupational€Safety€and€HealthÐ œì ÐAdministration€Act€(ð ðFOSHðð)€preempt€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Labor,€Division€ofÐ ˆØ ÐOccupational€Safety€and€Health€(ð ðTOSHAðð),€from€imposing€personal€protective€equipmentÐ tÄ Ðrequirements€upon€professional€pesticide€applicators€engaged€in€mixing,€loading€or€applyingÐ `° Ðfederally€regulated€pesticides?׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀РL œ Ðà  àÌà  àThe€third€issue€can€be€paraphrased€as€follows:€€€Whether€the€Chancery€Court€and€theÐ $ t ÐTennessee€Occupational€Safety€and€Health€Review€Commission€(the€ð ðCommissionðð)€correctlyÐ  ` Ðdetermined€that€TOSHA€has€jurisdiction€and€the€authority€to€òòinspectóó€and€to€òòissue€citationsóó€for€allegedÐ ü L  Ðviolations€of€personal€protective€equipment€(PPE)€requirements€applicable€to€professional€pesticideÐ è 8  Ðapplicators€engaged€in€mixing,€loading€or€applying€pesticides?׃°×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àThis€panel€finds€it€unnecessary€to€determine€whether€the€appellants€are€or€are€not€correct€asÐ ¬ü  Ðit€pertains€to€the€first€two€issues€for€such€are€not€at€issue€presently.€€They€may€or€may€not€have€beenÐ ˜è  Ðat€issue€before€the€Commission€but€they€were€not€at€issue€when€the€Chancery€Court€ruled€and€areÐ „Ô  Ðnot€at€issue€before€this€court.׃L ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀РpÀ ÐÌà  àWe€have€concluded€that€the€only€issue€properly€before€this€court€is€whether€TOSHA€hasÐ H˜ Ðjurisdiction€and/or€authority€to€inspect€the€work€place€and,€if€appropriate,€to€issue€citations€forÐ 4„ Ðalleged€violations€of€requirements€applicable€to€professional€pesticide€applicators€engaged€in€mixing,Ð  p Ðloading€or€applying€pesticides€in€the€workplace.€This€Court€finds€that€the€third€issue€sufficientlyÐ  \ Ðencompasses€the€real€issues.Ð øH ÐÌà@,,ìàòòBackground€of€the€CaseóóˆÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àAppellants,€Terminix€International€Company,€L.P.€(ð ðTerminixðð)€and€its€corporate€sibling,Ð ¨ø ÐTruGreen,€Inc.,€L.P.€(ð ðTruGreenðð),€are€both€headquartered€and€have€operations€in€Memphis,Ð ° ÐTennessee.€€The€pertinent€nature€of€Terminixððs€business€is€residential€and€commercial€pest€control.€Ð œì ÐThe€pertinent€nature€of€TruGreenððs€business€is€lawn€and€landscape€care.€€Both€companies€employÐ ˆØ Ðprofessional€pesticide€applicators.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àOn€June€25,€1997,€a€TOSHA€representative€inspected€a€TruGreen€work€site€in€Memphis,Ð L œ ÐTennessee.€€Following€the€inspection,€TOSHA€issued€citations׃T×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€against€TruGreen€alleging€variousÐ 8 ˆ Ðviolations€of€the€Tennessee€Occupational€Safety€and€Health€Act€of€1972€(ð ðTennessee€OSH€Actðð),Ð $ t ÐT.C.A.€ðððð€50„3„101,€òòet€seqóó.,€including€alleged€violations€of€certain€of€TOSHAððs€general€personalÐ  ` Ðprotection€equipment€(ð ðPPEðð)€requirements.׃¤×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àOn€July€16,€1997,€a€TOSHA€representative€inspected€a€Terminix€work€site€in€Memphis,Ð Ô$  ÐTennessee.€€As€a€result€of€the€inspection,€TOSHA€issued€a€citation€against€Terminix€alleging€variousÐ À  Ðviolations€of€the€Tennessee€OSH€Act,€including€alleged€violations€of€certain€of€TOSHAððs€generalÐ ¬ü  ÐPPE€requirements.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àBoth€companies€contested€the€citations€issued€against€them.€€Consequently,€TOSHA€filedÐ pÀ Ða€Complaint€against€Terminix€and€TruGreen€before€the€Commission.€€Terminix€and€TruGreenÐ \¬ Ðthereafter€challenged€TOSHAððs€jurisdiction€to€impose€or€enforce€PPE€requirements€in€connectionÐ H˜ Ðwith€the€pesticide€applicatorsðð€handling€(i.e.,€mixing,€loading€or€application)€of€pesticides,€assertingÐ 4„ Ðthat€the€EPA€has€exclusive€authority€pursuant€to€FIFRA€to€establish,€through€pesticide€productÐ  p Ðlabeling,€PPE€requirements€for€pesticide€applicators.€€In€support€of€their€position,€Terminix€andÐ  \ ÐTruGreen€relied€upon€the€Affidavit€of€the€Administrator€of€Ag€Inputs€and€Pesticides€for€theÐ øH ÐTennessee€Department€of€Agriculture.€€In€his€affidavit,€the€Administrator€stated€that€the€TennesseeÐ ä4 ÐDepartment€of€Agriculture€enforces€EPAððs€PPE€ð ðlabeling€requirementsðð€for€pesticide€applicators.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àAfter€reviewing€the€partiesðð€position€papers€concerning€the€jurisdictional€issue,€theÐ ¨ø ÐCommission€ruled€that€TOSHA€was€not€preempted€from€inspecting€or€issuing€citations€againstÐ ”ä ÐTerminix€and€TruGreen.€€The€Commission€found€that€ð ð[t]here€is€no€other€state€agency€that€isÐ €Ð Ðcurrently€enforcing€safety€and€health€standards€in€the€state€of€Tennessee;€therefore,€it€does€fall€backÐ l¼ Ðto€TOSHA.ððÐ X ¨ ÐÌà  àÔ‡XõøXXXõøÔTerminix€and€TruGreen€sought€judicial€review€of€the€Commissionððs€decision€concerningÐ 0"€  Ðâ âjurisdiction€and€requested€a€stay€of€proceedings€in€the€Commission€pending€the€Courtððs€ruling€onÐ #l! Ðthe€jurisdictional€issue.׃'×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€€The€trial€court€denied€the€motion€for€a€stay€of€the€CommissionððsÐ ° Ðâ âproceedings,€but€retained€jurisdiction€over€the€consolidated€cases€in€the€event€the€request€for€judicialÐ œì Ðreview€was€renewed€after€the€Commission€entered€its€final€orders.׃„ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ô#†XõøXXXõø%#ÔÐ ˆØ ÐÌà  àThe€Commission€hearings€took€place€on€July€21„22,€1999.€€The€Commission€issued€itsÐ `° Ðrespective€orders€on€October€22,€1999.€€The€Commission€vacated€several€of€the€violations€assessedÐ L œ Ðby€TOSHA,€but€held€that€Terminix€and€TruGreen€had€committed€certain€violations.€€On€DecemberÐ 8 ˆ Ð17,€1999,€Terminix€and€TruGreen€filed€an€amended€petition€for€judicial€review€of€both€theÐ $ t Ðpreliminary€order€and€the€October€22,€1999€final€orders€of€the€Commission.׃ Ô ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Following€variousÐ  ` Ðproceedings,€on€June€13,€2000,€the€Chancery€Court€issued€its€Memorandum€Opinion.€€TheÐ ü L  ÐChancellor€made€the€following€pertinent€determinations:Ð è 8  ÐÌà8  àThe€sole€issue€before€the€court€is€whether€TOSHA€is€preempted€by€the€TennesseeÐ À  ÐDepartment€of€Agriculture€from€regulating€the€workplace€of€Terminix€and€Trugreen.€Ð ¬ü  ÐPetitioners€contend€that€the€Tennessee€Insecticide,€Fungicide€and€Rodenticide€Act;Ð ˜è  Ðthe€Tennessee€Application€of€Pesticides€Act€of€1978;€and€associated€rules€andÐ „Ô  Ðregulations€bestow€subject€matter€jurisdiction€in€this€area€on€the€TennesseeÐ pÀ ÐDepartment€of€Agriculture.Ð\¬Ð Ð  ÐÌà  à*€*€*€*€*Ð 4„ ÐÌà8  àà ` àSection€4(b)€of€the€Occupational€Safety€and€Health€Act,€29€U.S.C.€ððÐ  \ Ð658(b)(1)(1976)€provides€that€ð ðnothing€in€this€chapter€shall€apply€to€workingÐ øH Ðconditions€of€employees€with€respect€to€which€other€federal€agencies€.€.€.€exerciseÐ ä4 Ðauthority€to€prescribe€or€enforce€standards€or€regulations€affecting€occupationalÐ Ð  Ðsafety€and€health.ððм Ð Ð  Їà  à*€*€*€*€*€Ð ° ÐÌà8  àà ` àIn€the€instant€case,€a€close€reading€of€the€rules€promulgated€by€the€TennesseeÐ ˆØ ÐDepartment€of€Agriculture€indicate€they€apply€specifically€to€the€òòlabelingóó€ofÐ tÄ Ðpesticides€and€licensing€of€applicators.€There€is€no€mention€of€employee€workplaceÐ `° Ðsafety.€€Nor€are€there€any€rules€that€specifically€cover€the€area€of€occupational€safetyÐ L œ Ðand€health€standards.€(emphasis€added)Ð8 ˆÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àTherefore,€.€.€.€this€court€is€of€the€opinion€that€the€Tennessee€OccupationalÐ  ` ÐSafety€and€Health€Review€Commissionððs€decision€to€exercise€subject€matterÐ ü L  Ðjurisdiction€over€the€workplace€of€Terminix€and€Trugreen€should€be€affirmed.Ðè 8 Ð Ð  ÐÌSee€€Memorandum€Opinion€of€the€Chancery€Court,€entered€June€13,€2000.׃&×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð À  ÐÌòòÓ  ÓStandard€of€ReviewóóÐ ˜è  ÐÓè3ÓÌà  àÔ‡XõøXXXõøÔUpon€appeal€of€a€decision€taken€by€an€administrative€agency€following€a€contested€caseÐ pÀ Ðproceeding,€the€standard€of€review€in€this€court€is€the€same€as€it€is€in€the€chancery€court.€€òòWare€v.Ð \¬ ÐGreenóó,€984€S.W.2d€610,€614€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1998).€€Thus,€we€apply€the€standard€set€out€in€Tenn.Ð H˜ ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€4„5„322(h).€€Appellantsðð€claims€in€this€appeal€amount€to€a€claim€that€the€CommissionððsÐ 4„ Ðdecision€was€made€ð ðin€violation€of€constitutional€or€statutory€provisions.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„5„Ð  p Ð322(h)(1).Ô#†XõøXXXõø;4#ÔÐ  \ ЇР ° Ðà@ÎÎ$ìàòòThe€CitationsóóˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àInitially,€Terminix€and€TruGreen€were€cited€for€numerous€violations;€however,€a€number€ofÐ ˆØ Ðviolations€were€dismissed€by€the€Commission.€€Some€of€the€now€dismissed€violations€may€or€mayÐ tÄ Ðnot€have€infringed€upon€the€preemptive€authority€of€the€EPA.€€Whether€they€did€or€did€not€is€mootÐ `° Ðfor€purposes€of€this€appeal€for€the€Commission€dismissed€the€other€citations€prior€to€the€ChanceryÐ L œ ÐCourt€ruling.€€Examples€of€the€citations€presently€at€issue€are€as€follows:Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àIn€Citation€1,€Item€3a.,€Terminix€was€cited€for€violating€29€CFR€1910.134(b)(3).€€The€citationÐ  ` Ðreads,€ð ðThe€users€of€respirators€were€not€instructed€and€trained€in€the€proper€use€of€respirators€andÐ ü L  Ðtheir€limitations.ðð€€An€example€given€stated:€ð ðEmployee€interviews€revealed€that€pesticide€andÐ è 8  Ðtermite€technicians€did€not€know€the€company€policies€on€when€to€wear€respiratory€protection,€suchÐ Ô$  Ðas€when€applying€pesticides€in€confined€spaces€or€crawl€spaces.ððÐ À  ÐÌà  àIn€Citation€1,€Item€3b.,€Terminix€was€cited€for€violating€29€CFR€1910.134(b)(5).€The€citationÐ ˜è  Ðreads,€ð ðRespirators€were€not€cleaned€and€disinfected.ðð€€€An€example€given€stated:€€ð ð3M€half„maskÐ „Ô  Ðcartridge€respirators€.€.€.€not€kept€reasonably€clean;€the€inside€of€both€respirators€were€dirty.ððÐ pÀ ÐÌà  àIn€Citation€1,€Item€3c.,€€Terminix€was€cited€for€violating€29€CFR€1910.134(b)(6).€€TheÐ H˜ Ðcitation€reads,€ð ðRespirators€were€not€stored€in€a€convenient,€clean€and€sanitary€location.ðð€€TheÐ 4„ Ðexample€stated:€ð ð3M€half„mask€cartridge€respirators€were€stored€unprotected€behind€the€service€truckÐ  p Ðseats€of€one€Pesticide€Technician€and€one€Termite€Technician.ððÐ  \ ÐÌà  àIn€Citation€2,€Item€1,€€TruGreen€was€cited€for€violating€29€CFR€1910.132(d)(2).€€The€citationÐ ä4 Ðreads,€€ð ðThere€was€no€written€certification€available€to€verify€that€a€workplace€hazard€assessment€hadÐ Ð  Ðbeen€conducted€to€determine€if€hazards€are€present€which€necessitate€the€use€of€personal€protectiveÐ ¼  Ðequipment.ðð€€The€example€stated:€ð ðThe€personal€protective€equipment€policy€did€not€include€theÐ ¨ø Ðperson€who€certified€the€hazard€assessment€evaluation€or€the€date€of€the€assessment.€€PersonalÐ ”ä Ðprotective€equipment€used€by€Pesticide€Specialists€during€application€or€tank€filling€included€faceÐ €Ð Ðshields,€aprons,€gloves,€and€boots.ððÐ l¼ ÐÌà@ìàòòPertinent€Federal€and€State€AuthorityóóˆÐ D!” Ðà  àÌà  àAppellants€correctly€assert€that€the€Federal€Insecticide,€Fungicide,€and€Rodenticide€ActÐ #l! Ð(ð ðFIFRAðð),€7€U.S.C.€ðððð€136„136y€(1994€&€Supp.€V€1999),€and€the€United€States€EnvironmentalÐ $X" ÐProtection€Agency€(ð ðEPAðð)€comprehensively€regulate€pesticides€by€requiring€pesticide€registrantsÐ ô$D # Ð(i.e.€pesticide€manufacturers)€to€include€EPA„specified€PPE€requirements€and€other€precautionaryÐ à%0!$ Ðinformation€on€EPA„approved€labeling.€€Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àAppellants€also€correctly€assert€that€federal€law,€specifically€Sec.€136v(b)€of€FIFRA,€7€U.S.C.Ð ¤(ô#' Ððð€136v(b),€expressly€prohibits€states€from€imposing€any€requirements€for€pesticide€labeling€inÐ )à$( Ðaddition€to€or€different€from€those€required€under€FIFRA€by€EPA.€€Indeed,€Congress€has€exclusivelyÐ |*Ì%) Ðempowered€the€Environmental€Protection€Agency€(ð ðEPAðð)€to€regulate€the€labeling€of€many€of€theÐ h+¸&* Ðproducts€Appellants€use€in€their€business.€€See€€7€U.S.C.€ðððð€136„136y€(FIFRA).€€By€enacting€FIFRA,Ð ° ÐCongress€created€a€comprehensive€licensing€and€labeling€scheme€for€pesticides€and€other€poisonousÐ œì Ðdevices€designed€to€kill€harmful€organisms.€€òòWorm€v.€American€Cyanamid€Co.óó,€970€F.2d€1301,€1305Ð ˆØ Ð(7òòthóó€Cir.€1992).Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àFIFRA€preempts€state„imposed€PPE€requirements€if€such€requirements€òòdirectly€conflictóó€withÐ L œ ÐCongressðð€intent€that€pesticides€be€applied€in€accordance€with€the€requirements€set€forth€on€eachÐ 8 ˆ Ðpesticideððs€own€nationally€uniform,€EPA„approved€product€labeling,€including€the€PPE€requirementsÐ $ t Ðon€such€labeling.Ð  ` ÐÌà  àThe€State€of€Tennessee€enacted€the€Tennessee€Occupational€Safety€and€Health€Act€of€1972,Ð è 8  ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€50„3„101€òòet€seqóó.€€The€stated€purpose€of€this€Act€is:€ð ðto€assure€as€far€as€possibleÐ Ô$  Ðevery€working€man€and€woman€in€the€state€of€Tennessee€safe€and€healthful€working€conditions€andÐ À  Ðto€preserve€our€human€resources.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€50„3„102(b).€€This€was€in€compliance€with€Ð ¬ü  ÐFOSHA,€€9€U.S.C.€ðð€667,€Sec.€18,€which€requires€each€state€to€adopt€regulations€òòat€least€as€effectiveÐ ˜è  Ðand€protective€of€workplace€safety€as€federal€regulationsóó.€(emphasis€added).€€Providing€an€effectiveÐ „Ô  Ðenforcement€program€is€one€of€the€ways€the€legislature€intended€to€achieve€this€goal.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð pÀ ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€50„3„102(b)(7).€Ð \¬ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€50„3„201€grants€authority€to€the€Department€of€Labor€and€WorkforceÐ H˜ ÐDevelopment€(ð ðDepartment€of€Laborðð)€to€promulgate€regulations.€€The€Department€of€Labor€isÐ 4„ Ðauthorized€to€develop€occupational€safety€and€health€standards.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€50„3„102.€€TheÐ  p ÐDepartment€of€Labor€has€adopted€occupational€safety€and€health€standards,€including€the€federalÐ  \ Ðstandards€in€the€Code€of€Federal€Regulations€and€other€state€standards,€that€covered€employers€mustÐ øH Ðmeet.€Seeòò€€óóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€50„3„105(6).€€These€labor€standards€are€intended€to€provide€òòtheÐ ä4 Ðhighest€degree€of€health€and€safety€protectionóó€possible.€€(emphasis€added).€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€50„3„Ð Ð  Ð202.Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àSpecifically,€Tennessee€has€adopted€Section€5(a)(2)€of€FOSHA€which€requires€complianceÐ ”ä Ðwith€standards€adopted€by€the€U.S.€Department€of€Labor,€compiled€in€29€C.F.R.,€1900€series,Ð €Ð Ðincluding€subparts€of€1910€(which€are€at€issue€in€this€appeal).€€These€standards€were€adopted€intoÐ l¼ ÐTennesseeððs€regulations€pursuant€to€the€Commissionerððs€statutory€rule„making€authority.€See€òò€óóTenn.Ð X ¨ ÐAdmin.€Reg.€0800„1„1„.06.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àCitations€(violations)€for€overexposure€to€specific€airborne€toxins,€or€combinations€that€areÐ #l! Ðharmful,€are€imposed€pursuant€to€formulas€set€forth€in€29€C.F.R.€1910.1000(d)(2)€and€it€is€the€1910Ð $X" Ðseries€that€is€principally€at€issue€herein.Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àTennessee€employers€are€required,€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€50„3„105(1),€to€furnishÐ Ì&"% Ðemployees€working€conditions€free€from€recognized€hazards€likely€to€cause€serious€injury€or€harmÐ ¸'#& Ðby€complying€with€occupational€safety€and€health€standards€or€regulations€of€the€Department€ofÐ ¤(ô#' ÐLabor.Ð )à$( ÐÌà  àTOSHA,€and€its€compliance€officers/inspectors,€have€authority€to€enter€workplaces€to€inspectÐ h+¸&* Ðand€investigate€working€conditions.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€50„3„301.€€Moreover,€if€an€inspectionÐ ° Ðreveals€violations€of€standards,€the€TOSHA€compliance€officer€may€issue€a€citation.€€Tenn.€CodeÐ œì ÐAnn.€ðð€50„3„307.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà@hhìàòòFederal€Preemption€AnalysisóóˆÐ `° ÐÌà  àWhenever€a€court€must€determine€whether€federal€law€preempts€state€law,€the€court€mustÐ 8 ˆ Ðð ðstart€with€the€assumption€that€the€historic€police€powers€of€the€States€were€not€to€be€superceded€byÐ $ t Ðthe€Federal€Act€unless€that€is€the€clear€and€manifest€purpose€of€Congress.ðð€€òòRice€v.€Santa€Fe€ElevatorÐ  ` ÐCorpóó.€331€U.S.€218,€230,€67€S.Ct.€1146,€1152,€91€L.Ed.€1447€(1947)€(citations€omitted).€€WhenÐ ü L  ÐCongress€provides€a€preemption€clause,€this€presumption€against€preemption€mandates€that€courtsÐ è 8  Ðare€to€read€such€a€clause€narrowly.òò€€See€Cipollone€v.€Liggett€Group,€Inc.óó,€505€U.S.€504,€112€S.Ct.Ð Ô$  Ð2608,€120€L.Ed.2d€407€(1992).€€In€this€case,€Congress€has€provided€a€preemption€clause.€€See€7Ð À  ÐU.S.C.€ðð€136v(b).Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àStatutes€must€be€construed€to€give€effect€to€the€intent€and€purpose€of€the€legislation€byÐ „Ô  Ðconsidering€the€statutes€as€a€whole€and€giving€words€their€common€and€ordinary€meaning.€€òòCroweÐ pÀ Ðv.€Fergusonóó,€814€S.W.2d€721,€723€(Tenn.€1991).€€A€statute€should€be€construed€as€a€whole€in€lightÐ \¬ Ðof€its€general€purpose.€€òòCity€of€Lenoir€City€v.€State€ex€rel.€City€of€Loudonóó,€€571€S.W.2d€297,€299Ð H˜ Ð(Tenn.€1978).€€In€construing€statutes,€courts€must€presume€the€legislature€was€aware€of€its€priorÐ 4„ Ðenactments€and€the€state€of€the€law€at€the€time€of€the€legislation.€€òòOwens€v.€Stateóó,€908€S.W.2d€923,Ð  p Ð926€(Tenn.€1995).€€Statutes€are€interpreted€to€give€harmonious€effect€to€all€enactments€whenÐ  \ Ðreasonably€possible.€€òòJenkins€v.€Loudon€Countyóó,€736€S.W.2d€603,€608€(Tenn.€1987).Ð øH ÐÌà  àThe€United€States€Code€provides,€ð ðA€state€may€regulate€the€sale€or€òòuseóó€of€any€federallyÐ Ð  Ðregistered€pesticide€or€device€in€the€state,€but€only€if€and€to€the€extent€the€regulation€does€not€permitÐ ¼  Ðany€sale€or€use€prohibited€by€this€subchapter.ðð€òòóó7€U.S.C.€136v(a).€€(emphasis€added).€€Review€ofÐ ¨ø ÐSection€136v,€and€cases€pertaining€thereto,€clearly€establishes€that€states€are€permitted€to€inspect€theÐ ”ä Ðsale€or€use€of€pesticides.€€òòWisconsin€Public€Intervenor€v.€Mortieróó,€501€U.S.€597,€611,€111€S.Ct.€2476,Ð €Ð Ð2485,€115€L.Ed.2d€532,547€(1991);€òòKenepp€v.€American€Edwards€Laboratories,€et€alóó.,€859€F.Ð l¼ ÐSupp.809€(E.D.€Pa.€1994).€€ð ð[N]ot€all€state€imposed€requirements€are€preempted€by€FIFRA,€onlyÐ X ¨ Ðthose€state€requirements€related€to€labeling.ðð€€òòWright€v.€Dow€Chemical€U.S.A.óó,€845€F.Supp.€503,€511Ð D!” Ð(M.D.€Tenn.€1993).€€Courts€have€held€that€FIFRA€does€not€preempt€state€regulations€addressing€theÐ 0"€  Ðsale€and€use€of€pesticides.€€òòSee€D„Con€Co.,€Inc.€v.€Allenbyóó,€728€F.Supp.€605€(N.D.€Calif.€1989)Ð #l! Ð(FIFRA€did€not€preempt€Californiaððs€Safe€Drinking€Water€and€Toxic€Enforcement€Act€to€extent€thatÐ $X" ÐCalifornia€Act€merely€imposed€restrictions€on€pesticide€sale€or€use,€without€requiring€additions€orÐ ô$D # Ðdeletions€from€pesticide€labels);€òòCoparr,€Ltd.€v.€City€of€Boulderóó,€942€F.2d€724€(10òòthóó€Cir.€1991)Ð à%0!$ Ð(FIFRA€did€not€preempt€city€pesticide€ordinance€imposing€notification€requirements€on€commercialÐ Ì&"% Ðpesticide€applicators);€òòBurke€v.€Dow€Chemical€U.S.A.óó,€797€F.Supp.€1128€(E.D.N.Y.€1992)€(languageÐ ¸'#& Ðof€FIFRA€and€statuteððs€savings€clause€indicated€congressional€design€to€leave€state€with€expansiveÐ ¤(ô#' Ðpowers€to€regulate€pesticides);€òòChemical€Specialities€Mfrs.€Assððn.,€Inc.€v.€Allenbyóó,€744€F.Supp.€934Ð )à$( Ð(N.D.€Calif.€1990),€òòaffððdóó,€958€F.€Supp.€F.2d€941,€òòcert.€deniedóó,€506€U.S.€825,€113€S.Ct.€80,€121Ð |*Ì%) ÐL.Ed.2d€44,€(Californiaððs€Proposition€65,€dealing€with€state€regulation€of€pesticide€sale€and€use€isÐ h+¸&* Ðnot€preempted€by€FIFRA);€òòBurt€v.€Fumigation€Service€and€Supply,€Incóó.€926€F.Supp.€624,€628€(W.D.Ð ° ÐMich.€1996)€(ð ðThe€legislative€history€[of€FIFRA]€reiterates€Congressional€intent€to€deprive€statesÐ œì Ðòòonly€of€authority€related€to€packaging€and€labelingóóðð)€(emphasis€supplied.)Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àBased€upon€the€foregoing,€it€is€apparent€that€Congress€did€not€intend€to€occupy€the€entireÐ `° Ðfield€of€pesticide€regulation€or€enforcement;€indeed,€it€presumes€a€regulatory€role€for€the€states.€Ð L œ ÐTherefore,€since€federal€law€expressly€permits€a€state€to€regulate€the€òòuseóó€of€any€federally€registeredÐ 8 ˆ Ðpesticide€or€device,€state€jurisdiction€is€not€displaced€nor€is€it€preempted€by€FIFRA€or€the€EPA.Ð $ t ÐÌà@Ñ Ñ ìàòòTOSHA€vs.€Tenn.€Dept.€of€AgricultureóóˆÐ ü L  ÐÌà  à€The€appellants€insist€that€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Agriculture€is€the€only€agency€inÐ Ô$  ÐTennessee€with€the€authority€to€enforce€EPA€regulations,€though€they€fail€to€cite€authority€whichÐ À  Ðdirectly€supports€their€position.€€In€an€effort€to€make€their€case,€appellants€assert€that€the€TennesseeÐ ¬ü  ÐDepartment€of€Agriculture€is€the€alter€ego€of€the€EPA€and€that€TOSHA€is€the€alter€ego€of€OSHA,Ð ˜è  Ðsuggesting€a€parallel€universe€of€sorts.€€Using€this€agency€ð ðrelationshipðð€as€an€inference,€appellantsÐ „Ô  Ðassert€that€since€the€federal€model€delegates€regulatory€responsibility€of€pesticides€to€the€EPA,€theÐ pÀ Ðstate€is€obligated€to€do€likewise.€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àThe€Chancellor€found€that€the€rules€promulgated€by€the€Tennessee€Department€of€AgricultureÐ 4„ Ðapply€specifically€to€the€òòlabelingóó€of€pesticides€and€the€òòlicensingóó€of€applicators;€however,€he€furtherÐ  p Ðfound€that€there€is€no€mention€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Agriculture€regulations€thatÐ  \ Ðspecifically€encompass€occupational€safety€and€health€standards€for€employees.€€Ô‡XõøXXXõøÔWe€agree€with€theÐ øH Ðtrial€courtððs€conclusion€that€the€preemption€provision€of€OSHA€does€not€preclude€TOSHA€fromÐ ä4 Ðenforcing€regulations€regarding€the€use€of€pesticides€which€relate€to€the€health€and€safety€of€workersÐ Ð  Ðemployed€by€companies€engaged€in€that€business.€€òòSeeóó€29€U.S.C.€ðð€658(b)(1).€€The€Department€ofÐ ¼  ÐAgricultureððs€statutory€authority€and€regulations€promulgated€thereunder€do€not€cover€ð ðspecificÐ ¨ø Ðworking€conditionsðð€and€do€not€address€employee€workplace€safety.Ô#†XõøXXXõøp#ÔÔ#†ŠÀ7ˆXXõø5#ÔÔ‡XõøXˆŠÀ7ÔÐ ”ä ÐÌà  àThe€primary€purpose€of€the€TOSH€Act€is:€ð ðto€assure€as€far€as€possible€every€working€manÐ l¼ Ðand€woman€in€the€state€of€Tennessee€safe€and€healthful€working€conditions€and€to€preserve€ourÐ X ¨ Ðhuman€resources.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€50„3„102(b).€€Providing€an€effective€enforcement€programÐ D!” Ðis€one€of€the€ways€the€legislature€intended€to€achieve€this€goal.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€50„3„102(b)(7).€Ð 0"€  ЀÌÌà  àIt€is€readily€apparent€from€our€legislative€scheme€that€our€legislature€recognized€that€a€stateÐ ô$D # Ðagency€must€be€empowered€to€protect€employees€in€the€workplace.€€Review€of€the€pertinentÐ à%0!$ Ðauthorities€lead€us€to€the€unmistakable€conclusion€that€TOSHA€has€the€jurisdiction,€indeedÐ Ì&"% Ðobligation,€to€protect€the€health€and€safety€of€workers€in€the€workplace€from€risk€of€injury€in€theÐ ¸'#& Ðworkplace€including,€but€not€limited€to,€those€pertaining€to€the€use€of€pesticides.€€The€fact€the€EPAÐ ¤(ô#' Ðand€OSHA€have€chosen€to€delegate€the€respective€responsibilities€differently€does€not€preclude€norÐ )à$( Ðpreempt€this€or€any€state€from€delegating€the€responsibility€and€jurisdiction€differently.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðòòà@ºº$ìàIn€ConclusionóóˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àReview€of€the€foregoing€facts€and€authorities€makes€it€apparent€that€the€appellantsðð€argumentÐ ˆØ Ðthat€TOSHAððs€jurisdiction€is€preempted€must€fail.€€This€is€apparent€for€several€reasons€including:Ð tÄ Ð(i)€Congress€did€not€intend€to€occupy€the€entire€field€of€pesticide€regulation,€particularly€the€use€ofÐ `° Ðsuch€in€the€workplace;€(ii)€Congress€intended€for€the€states€to€participate€in€the€regulation€andÐ L œ Ðenforcement€of€laws€pertaining€to€the€use€of€pesticides;€€(iii)€the€fact€that€OSHA€defers€to€the€EPAÐ 8 ˆ Ðfor€regulation€and€enforcement€of€pesticides€on€the€federal€level€does€not€preclude€TOSHA€and€theÐ $ t ÐTennessee€Department€of€Agriculture€from€delegating€responsibilities€in€a€different€manner;€and€(iv)Ð  ` ÐTOSHA€did€not€cite€appellants€for€new€or€additional€state€requirements€for€labeling€or€packagingÐ ü L  Ðof€pesticides,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€to€the€contrary,€TOSHA€cited€appellants€for€òòworkplace€safety€violationsóó€involvingÐ è 8  Ðappellantsðð€failure€to€assure€that€their€employees€properly€maintained,€and/or€wereòò€properly€trainedóó,Ð Ô$  Ðand/or€used€the€correct€personal€protective€equipment€in€conjunction€with€the€use€of€pesticides,€asÐ À  Ðwell€as€their€failure€to€have€a€certified€hazard€assessment€program€for€the€workplace.€€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€we€find€the€Tennessee€Occupational€Safety€and€Health€Review€CommissionÐ „Ô  Ð(TOSHA)€has€jurisdiction€to€conduct€inspections€and€to€issue€citations€for€violations€which€concernÐ pÀ Ðthe€safety€of€pesticide€applicators€in€the€work€place.òòóóÐ \¬ ÐÌòòóóà  àTherefore,€the€judgment€of€the€Chancery€Court€is€affirmed.€€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àCosts€on€appeal€are€taxed€to€the€appellants.òòÐ  \ ÐÌÌÌóóà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#à_________________________________à x àм h(#h(# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àFRANK€G.€CLEMENT,€JR.Ð ¨ø Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àSPECIAL€JUDGEÐ ”ä ÐÌÌÔ#†ŠÀ7ˆXXõøËr#Ô