ÿWPC‹ 0# °UN» %  0N 0é]bFw@N4Ž¢ 0± 0Ì 0Ý 0CóU<6 †r Nø ^ ú 0J P 0TR 0^¦ 0h 0rl 0|Þ 0†Z 0à 1up 0då 0DI 0 m% B-0JÀzv~:vÓ¸˜HP LaserJet 4 PlusHPPCL5MS,ð,,,,,ð0nLHÎ'í€"  Z 6Times New Roman Regular¼(&öy$¡¡Ó  ÓÙñÓ Ù(™(2Ur$¤¤Ý ƒöy!ÝÓ  ÓÙñÓ ÙÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÑ  ÑÑÑÔ€XnŽX¼¼Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù- fbgDhÀiÀjDkUlUm{eno|_¥$3|xo<ujÿÿ:Default ParaÓ  ÓÔ‡ôôôÔÔQ‡ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÔ‡ôôôÔÔQ‡ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ<jjÿÿ:Footnote TexÔ‡ôôôÔÔQ‡ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔÔ‡ôôôÔÔQ‡ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔ<mmÿÿ:Footnote RefÔ‡ôôôÔÔQ‡ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔòòÔ‡ôôôÔÔQ‡ô\  `$Times NewRomanQÔóó(ÿÿ$òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóóô\  `$Times NewRomanWare v. Greene - Opinion Ì % ' IB011C20IB011C2 .   Ýs²$ˆ2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô 2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ($Ó$‘‘òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(B3I$¥¥Ý ƒöy!ÝÓ  ÓÙñÓ ÙÝ  ÝÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ d &Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€¼ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€XÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€Department€has€not€taken€issue€on€this€appeal€with€the€Ô_ÔALJÔ_Ôððs€findings€with€regard€toÏthe€suppression€of€the€evidence€concerning€the€two€marijuana€patches€growing€to€the€left€of€theÏWaresðð€driveway,€and€so€the€correctness€of€this€finding€is€not€before€us€on€this€appeal.Ì ¶Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€¼ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€XÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔòòSee€Ô_ÔSpinelliÔ_Ô€v.€United€Statesóó,€393€U.S.€410,€89€S.€Ct.€584€(1969);€òòÔ_ÔAguilarÔ_Ô€v.€Texasóó,€378ÏU.S.€108,€84€S.€Ct.€1509€(1964).€€ÌPtPtHHØ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÔ€¼ÔÓ  ÓÝ  Ý›Ô_ÔÑ Ü ÑÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ  ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€Fò¼¼ddÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÞ ÞÌÌà@ àÔ€„Ôò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌÌÌÔ€¼ÔÌó óWILLIAM€WARE,à àà àà à)ÌVIRGINIA€WARE,€andà àà àà à)ÌSUMMER€WARE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àPlaintiffs/Appellants,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àDavidson€ChanceryÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€95„2493„IIIÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àAppeal€No.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à01A01„9604„CH„00170ÌMICHAEL€C.€GREENE,à àà à)ÌCommissioner,€State€of€Tennesseeà à)ÌDepartment€of€Safety,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àDefendant/Appellee.à àà à)ÌÌÌà@ àAPPEAL€FROM€THE€CHANCERY€COURT€FOR€DAVIDSON€COUNTYÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLE,€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àTHE€HONORABLE€ROBERT€S.€BRANDT,€CHANCELLORÌÌÌòòFor€the€Plaintiffs/Appellantsóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Defendant/Appelleeóó:ÌÌJohn€S.€Ô_ÔColleyÔ_Ô,€IIIà àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WÔ_ÔalkupÔ_ÔÌÔ_ÔCOLLEYÔ_Ô€&€Ô_ÔCOLLEYÔ_Ôà àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€andÏReporterÌColumbia,€TennesseeÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àRebecca€Ô_ÔLyfordÔ_ÔÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌÌÌÌÌà@ àÔ€„Ôò òAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDó óÌÌÔ€¼ÔÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,ÏJUDGEÇÑ ° ÑÓ€ÓÔ€„ÔÌà@ àò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÌÔ€¼ÔÌà àThis€appeal€involves€the€forfeiture€under€the€Tennessee€Drug€ControlÏAct€of€$4,710.75€in€cash,€twenty„two€pistols,€rifles€and€shotguns,€a€videoÏcamera,€silver€bars,€and€assorted€gold€and€silver€coins€during€a€search€of€aÏresidence€in€Waynesboro.€€The€Commissioner€of€Safety€ordered€the€currencyÏand€personal€property€forfeited€despite€the€familyððs€contention€that€an€initialÏsearch€of€their€home€and€property€without€a€warrant€was€illegal.€€The€familyÏfiled€a€petition€for€judicial€review€in€the€Chancery€Court€for€DavidsonÏCounty.€€The€trial€court€found€the€personal€property€was€lawfully€seized€afterÏthe€officers€obtained€a€search€warrant€and€affirmed€the€forfeiture€order.€€TheÏfamily€perfected€this€appeal.€€We€have€determined€that€there€is€substantial€andÏmaterial€evidence€to€support€the€commissionerððs€decision.€€€ÌÌà@ àò òI.ó óÌÌà àAround€midday€on€September€29,€1994,€Special€Agent€James€Lawson€ofÏthe€Tennessee€Alcoholic€Beverage€Commission€and€Trooper€DennisÏPeevyhouse€of€the€Tennessee€Highway€Patrol€were€conducting€aerialÏreconnaissance€of€the€Waynesboro€area€from€a€helicopter€at€an€altitude€ofÏapproximately€900€feet.€€They€observed€a€patch€of€marijuana€growing€onÏproperty€owned€by€William€and€Virginia€Ware.€€The€patch€was€approximatelyÏone€hundred€feet€from€the€Waresðð€house,€and€even€though€the€marijuana€plantsÏwere€covered€by€opaque€netting,€the€sunlight€filtering€through€the€clothÏenabled€the€officers€to€easily€identify€the€plants€as€marijuana.€€They€radioedÍtheir€discovery€to€a€ground€team€and€directed€them€toward€the€Ware€property.ÌÌà àUnder€Trooper€Peevyhouseððs€direction,€Special€Agent€Bond€Tubbs€ofÏthe€Tennessee€Alcoholic€Beverage€Commission€entered€the€Ware€propertyÏalong€one€of€the€driveways€leading€to€the€Waresðð€house.€€As€he€approached€theÏhouse,€he€discovered€two€additional€marijuana€patches€on€the€left€of€theÏdriveway€which€were€not€visible€from€the€road.€€He€also€observed€otherÏcontainers€in€which€large€marijuana€plants€were€growing€on€other€portions€ofÏthe€property.€€Agent€Tubbs€radioed€confirmation€that€marijuana€was€growingÏin€abundance€on€the€Waresðð€property.ÌÌà àAs€the€four€other€officers€accompanying€Agent€Tubbs€made€their€wayÏtoward€the€Waresðð€residence,€they€encountered€Summer€Ware,€the€WaresððÏdaughter.€€She€did€not€respond€to€them€when€they€identified€themselves€as€lawÏenforcement€officers€and€informed€her€that€they€had€discovered€marijuanaÏgrowing€on€the€property.€€Mrs.€Ware,€who€was€in€the€house,€likewise€declinedÏto€respond€to€the€officers€or€to€permit€them€to€enter€the€residence.€€AfterÏSummer€Ware€eventually€restrained€the€familyððs€pit€bull,€the€officers€enteredÏthe€house€to€secure€the€premises€and€to€determine€whether€anyone€else€was€inÏthe€house.€€As€they€walked€through€the€house,€they€observed€a€bag€ofÏmarijuana€on€a€window€sill€and€another€bag€of€marijuana€hanging€on€a€wall.€ÏThey€discovered€no€other€persons€in€the€house€but€shortly€thereafterÏapprehended€Mr.€Ware€in€the€woods€surrounding€the€house.€€At€that€point,ÏMr.€and€Mrs.€Ware€and€their€daughter€were€placed€under€arrest.ÌÌà àThe€Circuit€Court€for€Wayne€County€issued€a€search€warrant€for€theÏWare€property€based€on€an€affidavit€prepared€by€Agents€Lawson€and€CallahanÍbased€on€the€helicopter€observations€of€Trooper€Peevyhouse.€€The€officersÏbegan€the€search€of€the€property€at€4:30€p.m.€on€September€29,€1994€andÏcontinued€until€the€next€morning.€€During€this€search,€the€officers€discoveredÏand€seized€numerous€items€associated€with€the€cultivation€of€marijuana,€as€wellÏas€$4,710.75€in€cash,€twenty„two€pistols,€rifles€and€shotguns,€a€video€camera,Ïassorted€gold€and€silver€coins,€silver€bars,€151€marijuana€plants,€200€LSDÏunits,€and€one€ounce€of€methamphetamine.€€ÌÌà àThe€Wares€filed€a€claim€seeking€the€return€of€their€personal€propertyÏon€the€ground€that€it€had€been€retained€as€a€result€of€an€illegal€search.€€TheÏadministrative€law€judge€determined€that€Agent€Tubbsðð€discovery€of€the€twoÏmarijuana€patches€to€the€left€of€the€Waresðð€driveway€did€not€provide€probableÏcause€but€that€discovery€of€the€first€€patch€of€marijuana€by€the€officers€in€theÏhelicopter€provided€the€officers€with€sufficient€justification€to€enter€theÏWaresðð€property€and€home.× ƒ, ××  ×€€Accordingly,€the€ALJ€determined€that€theÏofficers€were€legally€on€the€Waresðð€property€and€thus€that€they€had€not€seizedÏthe€Waresðð€personal€property€illegally.€€The€ALJ€denied€the€Waresðð€claim€forÏthe€return€of€their€property.€€The€Commissioner€of€Safety€affirmed€thisÏconclusion,€as€did€the€trial€court.ÌÌà@ àò òII.ó óÌÌà àThe€Wares€assert€that€the€officersðð€entry€onto€their€property€and€intoÏtheir€home€was€illegal€and€that€it€tainted€the€later€search€conducted€after€theÏofficers€obtained€a€warrant.€€They€contend€that€Trooper€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_ÔððsÍð ðconfirmedðð€observation€of€marijuana€from€the€air€did€not€provide€sufficientÏjustification€for€the€officers€to€proceed€without€first€obtaining€a€warrant€andÏthat€it€likewise€did€not€provide€an€Ô_ÔadequateÔ_Ô€basis€on€which€to€obtain€a€searchÏwarrant.€€The€Wares€also€contend€that€there€is€no€evidence,€other€than€theÏillegally€seized€evidence,€proving€that€their€property€was€subject€to€forfeitureÏunder€the€Tennessee€Drug€Control€Act.ÌÌà àOn€this€appeal,€the€Department€does€not€base€œits›€forfeiture€case€onÏevidence€obtained€by€the€officers€before€they€obtained€the€search€warrant.€ÏRather,€it€bases€its€case€on€the€observations€of€Agent€Lawson€and€TrooperÏÔ_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ô€and€on€the€evidence€seized€after€the€officers€obtained€a€warrant€toÏsearch€the€Waresðð€house€and€surrounding€property.€€Thus,€the€pivotal€issue€isÏwhether€the€information€provided€by€Trooper€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ô€provided€anÏadequate€basis€for€obtaining€a€search€warrant.ÌÌà àThe€exclusionary€rules€used€in€criminal€proceedings€are€equallyÏapplicable€in€forfeiture€proceedings.€€òòSee€One€1958€Plymouth€Sedan€v.ÏPennsylvaniaóó,€380€U.S.€693,€702,€85€S.€Ct.€1246,€1251€(1965);€òòWilliams€v.ÏState€Ô_ÔDepððtÔ_Ô€of€Safetyóó,€854€S.W.2d€102,€106„07€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1992).ÏAccordingly,€evidence€obtained€in€violation€of€a€defendantððs€constitutionalÏrights€is€not€admissible,€€òòseeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€41(f);€òòMappÔ_Ô€v.€Ohioóó,€367€U.S.Ï643,€655,€81€S.€Ct.€1684,€1691€(1961);€òòHughes€v.€Stateóó,€145€Tenn.€544,€565,Ï238€Ô_ÔS.W.Ô_Ô€588,€594€(1922),€nor€is€evidence€derived€from€illegally€obtainedÏevidence.€€òòSee€Wong€Sun€v.€United€Statesóó,€371€U.S.€471,€485,€83€S.€Ct.€407,Ï416€(1963).€€However,€these€exclusionary€rules€do€not€prohibit€theÏintroduction€of€evidence€obtained€by€means€genuinely€independent€from€theÏconstitutional€violation.€€òòSee€Ô_ÔSeguraÔ_Ô€v.€United€Statesóó,€468€U.S.€796,€805,€104ÍS.€Ct.€3380,€3385€(1984);€and€òòState€v.€Clarkóó,€844€S.W.2d€597,€600€(Tenn.Ï1992).€€ÌÌà àThe€search€warrant€at€issue€in€this€case€was€obtained€based€on€theÏinformation€provided€by€Trooper€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ô€alone.€€His€observation€ofÏmarijuana€was€independent€of€the€marijuana€discovered€by€Agent€Ô_ÔTubbsÔ_Ô€as€heÏapproached€the€Waresðð€house€before€the€officers€obtained€the€warrant.€€TheÏadequacy€of€the€information€supplied€by€Trooper€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ô€should€beÏmeasured€by€the€two„prong€òòÔ_ÔAguillarÔ_Ô„Ô_ÔSpinelliÔ_Ôóó€test.Ô_Ô× ƒ- ××  ×Ô_Ô€€The€ð ðbasis€of€knowledgeððÏprong€requires€the€issuing€magistrate€to€consider€the€basis€for€the€Ô_ÔaffiantÔ_ÔððsÏinformation;€while€the€ð ðveracityðð€prong€requires€the€issuing€magistrate€toÏdetermine€whether€the€information€provided€in€the€affidavit€is€credible.€€òòSeeÏState€v.€Valentineóó,€911€S.W.2d€328,€330€(Tenn.€1995).ÌÌà àThe€Wares€attack€the€information€supplied€by€Trooper€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ô€onÏboth€fronts.€€First,€they€assert€that€the€combination€of€the€altitude€of€theÏhelicopter€coupled€with€the€fact€that€the€marijuana€was€covered€with€opaqueÏcloth€indicate€that€Trooper€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ô€did€not€have€a€sufficient€basis€forÏconcluding€that€the€vegetation€he€observed€under€the€opaque€cloth€wasÏmarijuana.€€€€€Second,€they€attempt€to€undermine€Trooper€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_ÔððsÏcredibility€by€arguing€that€he€could€not€have€been€very€confident€about€hisÏdiscovery€of€marijuana€because€he€radioed€Agent€Ô_ÔTubbsÔ_Ô€to€ð ðconfirmðð€that€theÏofficers€on€the€ground€had€indeed€discovered€marijuana€on€the€WaresððÏproperty.€€ÌÌÌÌà àNeither€of€these€arguments€is€sufficient€to€call€into€question€either€theÏbasis€of€Trooper€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ôððs€information€or€his€veracity.€€In€their€affidavitÏused€to€obtain€the€search€warrant,€Agents€Lawson€and€Callahan€stated€that€theyÏhadÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 àreceived€information€from€Tennessee€HighwayÏPatrol€Trooper€Dennis€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ô€that€onÏSeptember€29,€1994,€he€observed€marijuana€growingÏon€the€premises€belonging€to€William€Dean€WareÏlocated€at€Route€#€4,€Box€928,€Ô_ÔWaynesboroÔ_Ô,ÏTennessee.€€The€marijuana€was€approximately€100Ïfeet€from€the€house.€€Trooper€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ô€observedÏthe€marijuana€while€conducting€an€aerial€search€ofÏWayne€County.€€Trooper€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ô€has€beenÏtrained€in€the€aerial€detection€of€marijuana€growingÏand€has€observed€marijuana€growing€many€times€inÏthe€past€that€has€lead€[sic]€to€arrests€and€convictions.€ÏFurthermore,€it€has€been€the€experience€of€yourÏaffiants€that€person€[sic]€who€grow€marijuana€tend€toÏkeep€Ô_ÔmarijuanaÔ_Ô,€marijuana€seeds,€pictures€andÏrecords€in€their€residences.ÌÌÓ€ÓThe€adequacy€of€this€affidavit€must€be€viewed€in€light€of€the€circumstancesÏand€in€light€of€the€entire€substance€of€the€affidavit.€€òòSee€State€v.€Loweóó,€949ÏS.W.2d€300,€304€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1996).ÌÌà àThe€information€contained€in€the€affidavit€was€sufficient€for€a€neutral,Ïdetached€magistrate€to€determine€that€Trooper€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ô€could€be€believedÏand€that€he€was€capable€of€making€a€reliable€determination€that€marijuana€wasÏgrowing€on€the€Waresðð€property.€€The€affidavit€stated€that€TrooperÏÔ_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ô€had€special€training€and€experience€in€spotting€marijuana€from€theÍair€and€that€he€had€successfully€found€marijuana€ð ðmany€times€in€the€past.ðð€ÏThese€statements€establish€that€Trooper€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ô€was€reliable€and€that€heÏwas€providing€information€about€the€presence€of€marijuana€based€on€hisÏdirect,€personal€knowledge.€€Thus,€the€affidavit,€on€its€face,€provides€ampleÏgrounds€for€the€issuance€of€a€warrant€to€search€the€Waresðð€property.ÌÌà àThe€fact€that€Trooper€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ô€requested€the€officers€on€the€groundÏto€ð ðconfirmðð€that€they€had€found€the€marijuana€is€not€so€much€an€indication€ofÏhis€uncertainty€as€much€as€it€was€a€direction€to€the€officers€to€verify€that€theyÏhad€found€the€marijuana€he€had€already€discovered.€€Trooper€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ô€andÏAgent€Lawson€observed€the€marijuana€from€both€900€feet€and€then€from€500Ïfeet.€€The€photographs€in€the€record€depict€the€sunlight€filtering€through€theÏcloth€netting€enabling€the€officers€to€see€the€marijuana€growing€underneath.€ÏThe€record€contains€more€than€sufficient€evidence€to€establish€that€TrooperÏÔ_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ô€was€in€a€position€where€he€could€reliably€identify€the€growingÏplants€as€marijuana.€€Accordingly,€Trooper€Ô_ÔPeevyhouseÔ_Ôððs€statements€in€theÏaffidavit€provided€information,€independent€from€the€information€discoveredÏby€the€agents€on€the€ground€when€they€first€entered€the€Waresðð€property,€thatÏprovided€an€adequate€basis€for€issuing€the€warrant€to€search€the€WaresððÏproperty.ÌÌà@ àò òIII.ó óÌÌà àThe€Wares€also€insist€that€the€record€does€not€contain€substantial€andÏmaterial€evidence€supporting€the€Commissionerððs€decision€to€forfeit€theÏpersonal€property€seized€from€their€house€on€September€29€and€30,€1994.€ÏFor€the€purpose€of€review€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„5„322(h)(5)€(Supp.Í1997),€ð ðsubstantial€and€material€evidenceðð€is€such€relevant€evidence€that€aÏreasonable€mind€may€accept€to€support€a€rational€conclusion€and€to€furnish€aÏreasonably€sound€basis€for€the€action€under€consideration.€€òòSee€Southern€Ry.Ïv.€State€Bd.€of€Equalizationóó,€682€S.W.2d€196,€199€(Tenn.€1984).€€This€amountÏof€evidence€is€something€less€than€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€but€moreÏthan€a€scintilla€or€a€glimmer.€€òòWayne€County€v.€Tennessee€Solid€WasteÏDisposal€Control€Bd.óó,€756€S.W.2d€274,€280€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1988).ÌÌà àWe€use€the€same€standard€to€review€administrative€decisions€that€trialÏcourts€use.€€òòSee€Estate€of€Street€v.€State€Bd.€of€Equalizationóó,€812€S.W.2d€583,Ï585€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1990).€€When€we€are€reviewing€the€evidentiaryÏfoundation€of€an€administrative€decision€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„5„322(h)(5),€we€are€not€permitted€to€weigh€factual€evidence€and€substitute€ourÏown€conclusions€and€judgment€for€that€of€the€agency,€even€if€the€evidenceÏcould€support€a€different€determination€than€the€agency€reached.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€4„5„322(h);€òòHumana€of€Tenn.€v.€Tennessee€Health€FacilitiesÏÔ_ÔCommððnÔ_Ôóó,€551€S.W.2d€664,€667€(Tenn.€1977).€€ÌÌà àThe€administrative€record€contains€overwhelming€evidence€that€theÏWares€were€engaged€in€a€clandestine€commercial€marijuana€business€at€theirÏhome€near€Ô_ÔWaynesboroÔ_Ô.€€Agent€Lawson€and€Trooper€Peevyhouse€personallyÏobserved€a€large€patch€of€marijuana€growing€near€their€house.€€This€evidenceÏalone,€especially€in€the€absence€of€any€exculpatory€explanations€from€theÏWares€themselves,€provides€substantial€and€material€evidence€that€the€cash€andÏpersonal€property€seized€at€the€Waresðð€home€on€September€29€and€30,€1994Ïwas€either€furnished€or€intended€to€be€furnished€in€exchange€for€controlledÏsubstances,€proceeds€traceable€to€the€exchange€of€controlled€substances,€orÍproperty€used€or€intended€to€be€used€to€facilitate€violations€of€the€TennesseeÏDrug€Control€Act€of€1989.€€Accordingly,€the€Commissioner€declared€that€theÏseized€property€should€be€forfeited.ÌÌà@ àò òIV.ó óÌÌà àWe€affirm€the€order€of€the€Commissioner€of€Safety€declaring€the€seizedÏproperty€forfeited€under€the€Tennessee€Drug€Control€Act€of€1989€and€remandÏthe€case€to€the€trial€court€with€directions€to€remand€it€to€the€Commissioner€ofÏSafety€for€whatever€proceedings€may€be€required.€€We€tax€the€costs€of€thisÏappeal,€jointly€and€severally,€to€William€Ware,€Virginia€Ware,€and€SummerÏWare,€and€their€surety,€for€which€execution,€if€necessary,€may€issue.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à____________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€C.€KOCH,€JR.,ÏJUDGEÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌ___________________________________ÌHENRY€F.€TODD,€Ô_ÔPRESÔ_ÔIDING€JUDGEÌMIDDLE€SECTIONÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌBEN€H.€Ô_ÔCANTRELLÔ_Ô,€œJUDGE›