ÿWPC§ @hø™Œ‡t4›Ðup qq)Ë]M7ÄàeeãÔ÷|¥S´¢‹³½ca¤5‡¦^›Àdd¨J½J}Ø×•á€^âã«öÉeø¤°—·Wç¸Ð4|‰¢jŒÇµ÷€Måò·… xWB¸‹möIU˜º‘37!dP8n.f1k_¥5FQl¿ý@nܨ¹AŠ’„4jÿ¾åIŒð³M’>JìTY%+¦%pa;Ù£b@ìîœÌÎUóRç¢ÁHZµ’ë8ÊiXó>B3 ÿ+ú€Êå,í¯ÿ„ŒUœw 7ZEFµÄ³ä6 »&äñHðª/åµ#MÇȤò°n¿ÒeÍÜ‘E!Údä¤$•Ñ¢ÊÖãeŽžìàqú¬Œ/ÖæìЄOÓ]êȸdºUCýp܃¤$”Ã*zÛ±•6Ÿ0Ÿ(À¢œþ“¿ËEŠ„³”ÅÜ]æØ%y‡9P\?í¯¶åÒÑ—•éÿfa|žÒ„"› Z]ÿ„d© ï /S>²Nåñí{ ÅNœåùµ~0kt‡>Îõ”·¢U {~c—±OñšŒXTÝÉWç×$~2Ÿû— Æ=S1ã 4Äóè÷Å€5ç©:¢px³þ¨IýË[†CÑ…-ÎSeÿb#Á\ % U@# 0ˆc U Në ^ 9 wE zI Òà 4• © ¸ mº ÆÑ Æ— Æ] Æ#n­éN–N˜˜Eššššššššššššššššššššššššbœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœ 0뤤¤¤ B 0¤¬ D3P D-ƒ 0K°° ASûÆN 0¤ 0D¸ A«ü˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»(ÆúI Z‹(Times New Roman (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regulargž+s  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt8n_+ÐØŸ3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5«<þ6X9`("Courier NewTTXXxþ6X@ÉDQX@- ù-(|G2H$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€K}»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôáåò»»Ô d(|3‡‚$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€K}»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3‡‚$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€K}»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€K}»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼K}»»»ÔÑ8€qXXdì»»d8ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼K}»»¼K}Ôà@ü ü ìàÔ‡î‘]K}ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼K}»îî‘]+#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓOctober€9,€2001€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XqX»¼K}ÔÌò òÔ#†¼K}»XXq#ÔWILLS€ELECTRIC€COMPANY,€INC.òòóó€v.€HASSAN€Ô_ÔMIRSAIDIÔ_Ô,Ð úJ ÐINDIVIDUALLY€&€D/B/A€Ô_ÔMIRSAIDIÔ_Ô€CONSTRUCTION€COMPANYòòóóÔ‡XqX»¼K}Ôó óÐ  ^ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Chancery€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ  ^ Ðà@@øøìàNo.€99„3001„I€€€€€€Irvin€H.€Ô_ÔKilcreaseÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€Chancellor€Ð ú J ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<½` AßÐ ¾  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2000„02477„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Filed€December€13,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¹  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<` AßÐ ‘á  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓA€general€contractor€withheld€the€final€payment€for€work€completed€by€his€electrical€subcontractor,Ð ŒÜ Ðand€the€subcontractor€sued€for€breach€of€contract.€€The€trial€court€awarded€the€subcontractor€theÐ xÈ Ðcontracted„for€amount,€as€well€as€pre„judgment€interest€and€consequential€damages.€€We€reverse€theÐ d´ Ðaward€of€consequential€damages.€€In€all€other€respects,€we€affirm€the€trial€court.Ô#†¼K}»XXq#ÔÔ‡XqX»¼K}ÔÐ P  ÐÓÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Chancery€CourtÐ (x ÐAffirmed€in€Part;€Reversed€in€Part;€and€Remandedó óÐ d ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼K}»àXqu#ÔÔ‡XqX.¼K}ÔBen€H.€Cantrell,€P.J.,€M.S.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòWilliam€B.€Cainóó€andÐ ì< ÐòòPatricia€J.€Cottrell,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð Ø( ÐÌRichard€E.€Norman,€Jr.,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Hassan€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô,€Individually€andÐ ° Ðd/b/a€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€Construction.Ð œì ÐÌJoseph€Y.€Ô_ÔLongmireÔ_Ô,€Jr.€and€C.€Ronald€Ô_ÔBlantonÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔHendersonvilleÔ_Ô,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellee,€WillsÐ t Ä ÐElectric€Company,€Inc.Ð `!°  ÐÓcÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼K}»XXq’#ÔÔ‡XqX»¼K}ÔÐ 8#ˆ" ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼K}»XXq• #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XqX»¼K}ÔÓÓà@u u ìàò òòòI.€€Contractor€and€Subcontractoróóó óˆÐ %` $ ÐÓÓà  àGeneral€contractor€Hassan€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€of€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€Construction€signed€a€contract€with€theÐ è&8"& ÐMetropolitan€Government€of€Nashville€and€Davidson€County€to€renovate€a€branch€library.€€The€totalÐ Ô'$#' Ðvalue€of€the€contract€was€over€$1,000,000.€€On€January€22,€1998,€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€Construction€hired€WillsÐ À($( ÐElectric€as€its€electrical€subcontractor,€ð ðto€furnish€all€material,€equipment€and€perform€all€workÐ ¬)ü$) Ðnecessary€to€complete€the€electrical€system€for€Ô_ÔPruittÔ_Ô€Library€.€.€.€.ðð€€The€initial€contract€price€wasÐ ˜*è%* Ð$97,300,€with€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€required€to€make€monthly€progress€payments€to€Wills.€€The€final€paymentÐ „+Ô&+ Ðwas€due€upon€completion€of€the€work.€€A€$4,800€change€order,€to€which€the€parties€agreed€onÐ p,À', ÐDecember€9,€1998,€increased€the€total€payout€to€$102,100.Ð \-¬(-ý Їà  àThe€proof€showed€that€the€parties€did€not€enjoy€a€harmonious€relationship€while€the€contractÐ ° Ðwas€being€performed.€€Russell€Wills,€who€performed€and/or€supervised€all€the€work€done€by€WillsÐ œì ÐElectric,€claimed€that€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€consistently€short„changed€him€on€his€progress€payments,€making€itÐ ˆØ Ðdifficult€for€him€to€pay€all€his€labor€and€his€suppliers.€€Mr.€Willsðð€wife,€Ô_ÔLyndiÔ_Ô,€the€president€of€theÐ tÄ Ðcompany,€claimed€that€Hassan€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€told€her€that€he€would€not€discuss€the€alleged€shortages€withÐ `° Ðher€because€he€didnððt€have€to€talk€to€a€woman.€€For€his€part,€Mr.€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€claimed€that€he€alwaysÐ L œ Ðpaid€the€correct€amount,€and€that€any€perceived€discrepancy€was€due€to€the€fact€that€he€had€assumedÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€responsibility€of€making€direct€payments€to€a€prime€supplier€of€electrical€parts€which€had€notÐ $ t Ðagreed€to€extend€credit€to€Wills€Electric.€€€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àDespite€these€difficulties,€Russell€Wills€completed€the€work€on€the€contract€in€January€ofÐ è 8  Ð1999,€and€Hassan€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€admitted€the€job€was€satisfactory.€€But€the€general€contractor€held€backÐ Ô$  Ða€final€payment€of€$19,013,€because€Wills€had€not€fully€paid€all€his€suppliers€or€obtained€lienÐ À  Ðreleases€from€them.€€For€his€part,€Wills€said€he€could€not€pay€the€suppliers€until€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€made€theÐ ¬ü  Ðfinal€payment€on€the€contract.€€Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àOn€February€3,€1999,€ò òó óMr.€Wills€submitted€a€ð ðfinal€request€for€paymentðð€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô.Ð pÀ ÐPayment€was€not€forthcoming,€and€in€a€subsequent€letter,€Wills€suggested€that€joint€checks€be€madeÐ \¬ Ðout€to€Wills€Electric€and€to€three€vendors€to€whom€money€was€still€owed.€€This€was€stillÐ H˜ Ðunsatisfactory€to€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô,€and€on€October€18,€1999,€ò òó óWills€filed€a€complaint€for€the€unpaid€contractÐ 4„ Ðamount.€Ð  p ÐÌò òó óà  àÔ_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€answered,€admitting€that€he€owed€on€the€contract,€but€claiming€that€the€exactÐ øH Ðamount€could€not€be€ascertained.€€The€contractor€also€claimed€that€Wills€had€refused€to€accept€aÐ ä4 Ðpartial€payment€check€made€out€jointly€to€the€subcontractor€and€to€two€unpaid€suppliers,€and€thatÐ Ð  ÐWillsðð€failure€to€pay€his€suppliers€and€to€obtain€lien€releases€from€them€held€up€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ôððs€finalÐ ¼  Ðpayment€from€Metro.€ò òó ó€Wills€subsequently€filed€a€Motion€for€Judgment€on€the€Pleadings,€which€wasÐ ¨ø Ðdenied€by€the€trial€court.€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àWills€Electric€was€a€new€business,€and€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ôððs€refusal€to€€make€the€final€payment€on€theÐ l¼ Ðcompleted€contract€put€it€in€a€financial€bind.€€In€order€to€pay€his€creditors€and€remain€in€business,Ð X ¨ ÐWills€borrowed€$25,000€from€the€First€Tennessee€Bank.€€On€May€11,€2000,€Wills€amended€hisÐ D!” Ðcomplaint€to€add€a€ò òó óconsequential€damages€claim€for€the€interest€he€had€to€pay€on€the€loan.Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€conducted€a€hearing€in€this€case€on€September€6,€2000.€€The€court€observedÐ $X" Ðthat€the€parties€could€have€settled€this€case€if€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€had€simply€paid€the€subcontractor€what€itÐ ô$D # Ðadmitted€owing,€and€the€subcontractor€had€used€the€money€to€pay€off€its€suppliers€and€obtained€theÐ à%0!$ Ðnecessary€releases.€€However,€the€question€of€pre„judgment€interest€and€consequential€damagesÐ Ì&"% Ðremained€at€issue.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€proof,€the€court€ruled€that€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€was€guilty€of€breach€of€contract.Ð )à$( ÐThe€contractor€was€ordered€to€pay€$19,013€for€the€breach,€plus€pre„judgment€interest€assessed€fromÐ |*Ì%) ÐFebruary€2,€1999€to€September€6,€2000€at€the€rate€of€10%,€amounting€to€$3,026.40.€€The€courtððsÐ h+¸&* ÐFinal€Order€also€stated€that€the€defendant€was€liable€for€ð ðincidental€and€consequential€damagesðð€inÐ ° Ðthe€amount€of€$2,853.23,€which€was€the€interest€associated€with€the€plaintiffððs€loan.€€PlaintiffððsÐ œì Ðcounsel€was€ordered€to€disburse€$11,548€to€the€remaining€creditor€of€Wills€Electric,€and€to€obtainÐ ˆØ Ða€lien€release€before€disbursing€any€funds€to€the€plaintiff.€€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€appealed.Ð tÄ ÐÌà@ìàò òII.€€òòBreach€of€Contractóóó óˆÐ L œ ÐÌà  àMr.€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€admitted€at€trial€that€two€or€three€months€earlier,€Metro€had€paid€him€the€fullÐ $ t Ðamount€on€the€master€contract,€and€he€concedes€on€appeal€that€the€plaintiff€is€accordingly€entitledÐ  ` Ðto€receive€the€$19,013€owed,€so€the€question€of€whether€or€not€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€breached€the€contract€wouldÐ ü L  Ðmerely€be€academic,€were€it€not€for€his€argument€that€he€is€not€guilty€of€a€breach,€and€therefore€thatÐ è 8  Ðhe€cannot€be€held€responsible€for€any€damages€beyond€the€contract€amount.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€continuesÐ Ô$  Ðto€insist€that€Mr.€Wills€breached€the€contract€by€failing€to€pay€off€his€suppliers€and€obtain€releasesÐ À  Ðfrom€them.€€He€also€argues€that€the€subcontractor€has€unclean€hands,€and€that€it€would€be€inequitableÐ ¬ü  Ðto€reward€him€in€any€way€for€the€difficulties€that€he€himself€created.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àWe€note€that€there€is€nothing€in€the€text€of€the€contract€which€makes€payment€of€the€contractÐ pÀ Ðamount€conditional€upon€payment€to€suppliers€or€upon€release€of€liens.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€alleges€that€theÐ \¬ Ðmaster€contract€made€Metroððs€payment€to€him€contingent€upon€such€releases,€but€the€subcontractingÐ H˜ Ðagreement€does€not€incorporate€the€terms€of€the€master€contract€either€expressly€or€by€reference.€€TheÐ 4„ Ðsubcontract€does€contain€a€payment€provision,€which€reads€as€follows:Ð  p ÐÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÌð ð.€.€.€[Ô_Ôt]heÔ_Ô€said€Contractor€agrees€that€he€will€pay€to€the€said€Sub„Contractor€the€sumÐ øH Ðof€Ninety€seven€thousand€three€hundred€and€00/100€($97,300)€Dollars.€€Payment€willÐ ä4 Ðbe€made€as€follows:€Sub„Contractor€will€turn€in€his€invoice€minus€10%€Ô_ÔretainageÔ_Ô€forÐ Ð  Ðprogress€payment€by€25òòthóó€day€of€each€month€for€examination€by€architect€andÐ ¼  Ðcontractor,€after€approval€of€the€invoice€by€said€architect,€the€invoice€will€be€sent€toÐ ¨ø Ðthe€owner€for€payment.€Three€(3)€days€after€the€Contractor€received€(sic)€hisÐ ”ä Ðpayment,€the€Sub„Contractor€will€receive€his€check.€€(The€procedure€will€apply€forÐ €Ð ÐÔ_ÔretainageÔ_Ô€money).ððÐ l¼ ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°Òà  àIt€appears€to€us€that€the€only€contingency€contained€in€this€provision€is€the€approval€of€theÐ D!” Ðwork€by€the€architect€and€the€contractor,€and€the€proof€showed€that€they€both€gave€their€approval€toÐ 0"€  Ðthe€completed€job.€€We€do€not€believe€the€language€about€payment€to€the€sub„contractor€three€daysÐ #l! Ðafter€the€contractor€is€paid€constitutes€a€condition€precedent€to€the€contractorððs€obligation€to€pay.€WeÐ $X" Ðconstrue€it€rather€as€part€of€a€procedure€designed€to€promote€an€orderly€and€predictable€transfer€ofÐ ô$D # Ðfunds€from€the€client€to€the€ultimate€payee.€€€€€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àIt€is€axiomatic€that€in€contract€formation€the€parties€are€free€to€allocate€risks€and€burdens€asÐ ¸'#& Ðthey€see€fit.€òò€Brown€Bros.,€Inc.€v.€Metropolitan€Government€of€Nashville€and€Davidson€Countyóó,€877Ð ¤(ô#' ÐS.W.2d€745€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1993);òò€Empress€Health€and€Beauty€Spa,€Inc.,€v.€Turner,óó€503€S.W.2dÐ )à$( Ðâ â188€(Tenn.€1973).€€Thus,€the€parties€could€have€included€a€clause€making€the€final€payment€on€theirÐ |*Ì%) Ðcontract€contingent€upon€receipt€of€lien€releases€from€all€the€suppliers€the€subcontractor€dealt€with.Ð ° ÐThis€was€not€done,€so€there€can€be€no€doubt€that€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€breached€the€contract€at€issue.€€Ð œì Ðâ âÌò òà@ÝÝìàIII.€€òòPre„Judgment€Interestóóó óˆÐ tÄ ÐÌà  àIt€has€long€been€the€law€in€Tennessee€that€pre„judgment€interest€is€allowable€when€basedÐ L œ Ðupon€equitable€principles.€€òòSee€Fisher€v.€Ô_ÔKlipstatterÔ_Ô,óó€689€S.W.2d€870€(Tenn.€Ct.€App€1985).€€TheÐ 8 ˆ Ðcommon„law€rule€has€been€codified€at€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€47-14-123€(1995),€which€permits€courtsÐ $ t Ðor€juries€to€award€prejudgment€interest€as€damages€"in€accordance€with€the€principles€of€equity€atÐ  ` Ðany€rate€not€in€excess€of€a€maximum€effective€rate€of€ten€percent€(10%)€per€annum."Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àSuch€an€award€is€discretionary€with€the€court€if€the€claim€involved€is€for€non„liquidatedÐ Ô$  Ðdamages.€òò€Ô_ÔMyintÔ_Ô€v.€Allstate€Ins.€Co.óó,€970€S.W.2d€920€(Tenn.€1998);€òòHoward€G.€Lewis€ConstructionÐ À  ÐCo.,€v.€Leeóó,€830€S.W.2d€60€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1991);€òòB.F.€Myers€&€Son€v.€Evansóó,€612€S.W.2d€912Ð ¬ü  Ð(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1980).€€However,€when€the€claim€is€for€failure€to€make€timely€payment€on€a€contractÐ ˜è  Ðamount,€and€there€is€no€dispute€as€to€the€amount€due,€pre„judgment€interest€is€considered€€a€matterÐ „Ô  Ðof€right.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code.€Ann.€ðð€47„15„109;òò€Jaffe€v.€Boltonóó,€817€S.W.2d€19€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1991);òòÐ pÀ ÐPerformance€Systems,€Inc.€v.€First€American€National€Bank,óó€554€S.W.2d€616€(Tenn.€1977).€€It€isÐ \¬ Ðpresumed€in€such€cases€that€equity€requires€that€the€plaintiff€be€compensated€for€the€loss€of€use€ofÐ H˜ Ðmoney€he€was€entitled€to€collect€under€the€contract.€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àAlthough€there€may€be€some€cases€where€it€is€inequitable€to€award€pre„judgment€interestÐ  \ Ðwhen€an€Ô_ÔobligorÔ_Ô€has€failed€to€make€timely€payment€under€a€contract,€this€does€not€appear€to€be€suchÐ øH Ða€case.€€There€was€no€evidence€presented€at€trial€of€inequitable€conduct€on€the€part€of€Wills.€ThereÐ ä4 Ðwas,€however,€some€proof€that€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€had€told€one€of€Willsðð€suppliers€that€Wills€had€already€beenÐ Ð  Ðpaid€in€full€on€the€library€contract€when€that€was€not€the€case,€in€order€to€increase€the€pressure€onÐ ¼  Ðthe€subcontractor.€€The€award€of€pre„judgment€interest€is€affirmed.€Ð ¨ø Ѐ€€Ð ”ä Ðà@¬¬ìàò òIV.€€òòConsequential€Damagesóóó óˆÐ €Ð ÐÌà  àAlthough€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€denominated€the€damages€suffered€by€the€plaintiff€asÐ X ¨ Ðð ðincidental€and€consequential,ðð€these€terms€are€not€synonymous.€€In€fact,€they€refer€to€two€distinctÐ D!” Ðforms€of€damages,€for€the€recovery€of€which€very€different€standards€apply.€€Incidental€damages€areÐ 0"€  Ða€type€of€general€damages€ð!ð€that€is,€those€damages€ð ðwhich€the€law€itself€implies€or€presumes€[to€be]Ð #l! Ðthe€immediate,€direct€or€proximate€result,€or€such€as€necessarily€results€from€the€injury,€withoutÐ $X" Ðreference€to€the€special€character,€condition€or€circumstances€of€the€plaintiff.ðð€€òòBlackððs€LawÐ ô$D # ÐDictionaryóó€(6th€ed.€1990).Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àConsequential€or€ð ðspecialðð€damages€are€defined€in€òòBlackððsóó€as€ð ð[Ô_Ôs]uchÔ_Ô€damage€as€does€notÐ ¸'#& Ðflow€directly€and€immediately€from€the€act€of€the€party,€but€only€from€some€of€the€consequences€orÐ ¤(ô#' Ðresults€of€such€act.ðð€€The€rule€from€the€venerable€and€familiar€case€of€òòÔ_ÔHadleyÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔBaxendaleÔ_Ôóó,€9€Ex.Ð )à$( Ð341,€156€Eng.€Rep.€145€(1854)€states€that€€consequential€damages€will€only€be€awarded€if€they€couldÐ |*Ì%) Ðreasonably€be€supposed€to€have€been€within€the€contemplation€of€the€parties€at€the€time€ofÐ h+¸&* Ðcontracting,€as€a€probable€consequence€of€a€breach€of€contract.€€The€òòÔ_ÔBaxendaleÔ_Ôóó€rule€has€beenÐ ° Ðseconded€many€times€by€our€Tennessee€courts.€òòSee,€for€exampleóó,€òòLane€v.€Associated€HousingÐ œì ÐDevelopers,óó€767€S.W.2d€640€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1988);€òòTurner€v.€Bensonóó,€672€S.W.2d€752€(Tenn.Ð ˆØ Ð1984).€Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àSeveral€Tennessee€cases€have€stated€that€our€courts€may€allow€recovery€of€all€damages€whichÐ L œ Ðare€the€normal€and€foreseeable€results€of€a€breach€of€contract.òò€€Moore€Construction€Co.€v.€ClarksvilleÐ 8 ˆ ÐDept.€of€Electricityóó,€707€S.W.2d€1€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1985);€òòBush€v.€Ô_ÔCatheyÔ_Ôóó,€598€S.W.2d€777€(Tenn.Ð $ t ÐCt.€App.€1979);€òòWilson€v.€Ô_ÔDealyÔ_Ôóó,€434€S.W.2d€835€(Tenn.€1968).€€Such€results€would€include€bothÐ  ` Ðincidental€damages€and€those€consequential€damages€that€meet€the€òòÔ_ÔBaxendaleÔ_Ôóó€test.€òòóó€For€purposes€ofÐ ü L  Ðanalysis,€to€say€that€certain€results€were€foreseeable€at€the€time€of€contracting,€or€that€they€couldÐ è 8  Ðreasonably€be€supposed€to€have€been€within€the€contemplation€of€the€parties€would€seem€to€beÐ Ô$  Ðfunctionally€equivalent.€€Ð À  ÐÌà  àIn€the€present€case,€there€is€no€evidence€that€at€the€time€of€contracting€Mr.€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€knew€orÐ ˜è  Ðsuspected€that€failure€on€his€part€to€make€timely€and€complete€payment€to€Wills€would€force€theÐ „Ô  Ðsubcontractor€to€borrow€money€to€keep€his€company€afloat.€€It€is€clear€that€after€contracting€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_ÔÐ pÀ Ðbecame€aware€that€Wills€faced€some€financial€difficulties.€€For€example,€Braid€Electric,€which€wasÐ \¬ Ðthe€prime€supplier€on€the€subcontract€would€not€extend€credit€to€Wills€because€the€company€was€tooÐ H˜ Ðnew,€so€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€had€to€purchase€the€necessary€supplies€on€his€own€credit.€€But€such€after„acquiredÐ 4„ Ðknowledge€cannot€be€used€to€prove€that€at€the€time€of€contracting€Ô_ÔMirsaidiÔ_Ô€could€have€foreseen€theÐ  p Ðconsequences€of€his€failure€to€make€timely€payment€on€the€contract.€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àAlso,€as€we€stated€above,€the€award€of€pre„judgment€interest€was€meant€to€compensate€WillsÐ ä4 Ðfor€the€loss€of€use€of€the€money€to€which€he€was€entitled.€€An€additional€award€for€interest€on€moneyÐ Ð  Ðborrowed€would€appear€to€compensate€the€plaintiff€twice€for€a€single€injury.€€In€light€of€thisÐ ¼  Ðcircumstance,€and€of€the€rule€in€òòÔ_ÔBaxendaleÔ_Ôóó,€we€reverse€the€award€of€consequential€damages.Ð ¨ø Ѐ€€€à  à€€€Ð ”ä Ðà  à€à@dd)ìàò òIV.ó óˆÐ €Ð ÐÌà  àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed€in€regard€to€payment€on€the€contract€amount€andÐ \ ¬ Ðpre„judgment€interest,€but€reversed€in€regard€to€consequential€damages.€€Remand€this€cause€to€theÐ H!˜ ÐChancery€Court€of€Davidson€County€for€further€proceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.€€Tax€theÐ 4"„  Ðcosts€on€appeal€equally€between€the€appellant€and€the€appellee.€Ð  #p! ÐÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à_________________________________________€Ð ¼' #& Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€PRESIDING€JUDGE,€M.S.Ð ¨(ø#' Ð