ÿWPC\ Îg-ýc²±þJ¾±óJwD~„Šÿõ†ËÎLµÓšJ6­ÑŠ8È\÷Üh2 óR»Çþ‘úxy_£Sº>|¯M «/Öw‡8[¹3ÇÈHÀÖ#h¯Öl¶4\^c´-+è+ÖÜd¶j*Ì+Xj6â^·/ö¼Ú|°iyÝs¸¤Fê>çÁ·%K\G9œÿõ– #y Õ&; ÅêPáÖ(¶Ý¾ûM7øÚÅ]fØù2ê³&©tóʾ¯@U?¢ ïQƒ]VQó¶º\.m‡³Ëm…iqæ#ýñÚìk,ù ¸æ+â¿V( …“ÕêȵޮŸ2¦%+i“Á¥/´¼wX”¦ÃäÓETõI~@±QÐÜvWe/nYcyÔEL¶jËãæ3«ëýrþ e“Zy.öWLyã ¥HžIŒõËb½÷!¯›p}±ï¾„ðk«Ey?åêÎŽx´ë་ÀÃýb…4?1D.š’|.i½u°Äðk@©Ï·œÑ¤Rº ¦O±ƒ ’3J Ú #nñ$ÙÞ bæBË¡w¢Gý[ü7$ hï ¡>£v'‹ô衎Í×,°nDf¿Ñ"j—_°/pKÄe°ëäª\ÎÞ‹÷ÿÞ’#\£3Á4(¨&úŽW#ÉÂUN‹ %Ù 0:ß UN UNg U@µ U<õ U>1 bo ^ w wƒ 4‡ › ª m¬ £à 0~f 0Dä N(Ç*EñÀóó3³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 0Yæææææææææææææææææææææææææææææææææææææææ B?˜\\IB01S01\CLERK1NASÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular(ÈhH  Z(Times New Roman -šBu Z‹$Arrus BT Romanô\  `‹&Times New Roman- ù-ÆyZ1Ï éJE1B013C13|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ ™Ý ƒÄ($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ôòXXÔWilson€also€named€Chase€Creek€LLC,€a€land€development€company€partially€owned€by€Malone,€Ô#†XãXòôe#ÔÔ‡ôòXXãÔas€aÐ ° Ðdefendant.€€All€claims€against€Chase€Creek€LLC€were€dismissed.Ô#†XãXòô#Ô(.(3Ä($¤¤Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ½Ý ƒÄ($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ôòXXÔIn€a€somewhat€puzzling€argument,€Wilson€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€allowing€the€document€toÐ ° Ðbe€admitted€into€evidence,€even€if€it€would€later€disregard€it€on€the€basis€that€it€was€a€forgery.€€This€argument€isÐ tÄ Ðwithout€merit.Ô#†XãXòôe#Ô Hargrove COA P.J. W.S.HighersSnodgrassintrestdeed.Mrhouses.Heonelythat thatj]ust R.atquitclaimedSamponsT.R.A.P.HuddlestonMcCalebonely.MaloneSampsonsS.W.2d HVAC )Ý ƒÄ($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ôòXXÔWilson€proffered€the€testimony€of€a€couple€of€subcontractors€and€a€bank€officer,€regarding€peripheralÐ ° Ðmatters.Ô#†XãXòôe#Ô6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô dÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡XãXXXÔÔ‡¼F)»XXãÔÑ€ ÑÑ8€ãXXdìdÈ8ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ#†XãX»¼F)\#ÔÔ‡îJ8îXXãÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†XãXîîJ8#ÔÔ‡¼F)»XXãԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓAssigned€on€brief€June€24,€2004€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ#†XãX»¼F)ª#ÔÌò òÔ‡¼F)»XXãÔALBERT€WILSON€òòóóv.€PATRICK€MALONE€AND€CHASE€CREEK,€LLC,€òòóóÔ#†XãX»¼F)N#Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAn€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Maury€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€9344€€€€€€Stella€Hargrove,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2003„00040„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Filed€October€26,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÌÓ  ÓThis€case€involves€a€dispute€between€partners.€€A€builder€and€a€realtor€were€partners€in€building€andÐ d´ Ðselling€homes€in€Davidson€County,€Tennessee.€€Disputes€arose€over€the€profits€and€losses€arisingÐ P  Ðfrom€five€of€the€properties.€€The€builder€sued€the€realtor€for€a€share€of€profits€on€certain€propertiesÐ <Œ Ðand€for€builder's€fees€on€all€five€properties.€€The€realtor€countersued€for€profits€on€certain€properties.€Ð (x ÐThe€trial€court€found€the€builderððs€proffered€written€agreement€to€be€fraudulent€and€refused€to€admitÐ d Ðit€into€evidence.€€The€trial€court€heard€testimony€and€reviewed€documents€as€to€the€five€properties,Ð P Ðfound€the€realtorððs€evidence€to€be€credible,€and€granted€a€judgment€in€favor€of€the€realtor.€€TheÐ ì< Ðbuilder€appeals.€€We€affirm€the€decision€of€the€trial€court,€finding€that€the€weight€of€evidenceÐ Ø( Ðpreponderates€in€favor€of€the€realtor.Ð Ä ÐÌÓñÓò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€is€Affirmedó óÐ œì ÐÌòòÓ  ÓHolly€M.€Kirby,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€Court,€in€which€òòóó€òòW.€Frank€Crawford,€P.J.,€W.S.,óóÐ tÄ Ðand€òòAlan€Highers,€J.óó,€joined.Ð `° ÐÌWilliam€C.€Barnes,€Jr.,€Columbia,€for€the€appellant€Albert€Wilson.Ð 8!ˆ  ÐÌT.€Turner€Snodgrass,€Nashville,€for€the€appellee€Patrick€Malone.Ð #`" Ðà  àÌÓ‡ Óò òOPINIONó óÐ è$8 $ ÐÌòòóóÓ  Óà  àPlaintiff/Appellant€Albert€Wilson€(ð ðWilsonðð)€and€Defendant/Appellee€Patrick€MaloneÐ À&"& Ð(ð ðMaloneðð)€entered€into€a€business€arrangement€to€develop€and€sell€single€family€residentialÐ ¬'ü"' Ðproperties€in€Davidson€County,€Tennessee.€Wilson€was€a€licensed€contractor€and€Malone€was€aÐ ˜(è#( Ðlicensed€real€estate€agent.€€The€parties€built€five€houses€together€that€are€the€subject€of€this€dispute.€Ð „)Ô$) Ðâ âTwo€of€the€five€transactions€resulted€in€a€profit€and€three€of€the€transactions€resulted€in€a€loss.€€Ð p*À%*V Ðà  àWilson€sued€Malone€for€a€12%€builderððs€fee€on€all€five€properties,€in€addition€to€a€share€ofÐ ° Ðany€profits.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Malone€countersued,€arguing€that€he€and€Wilson€were€equal€partners€in€theÐ œì Ðâ âdevelopment€of€the€properties€and€agreed€to€share€in€the€profits€and€losses€equally.€€Malone€soughtÐ ˆØ Ðhis€share€of€the€profits€from€two€of€the€five€properties,€as€well€as€expenses€he€had€incurred.Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àThe€bench€trial€was€held€on€September€9,€2002.€€The€primary€testimony€at€trial€came€fromÐ L œ Ðthe€parties.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Both€parties€testified€that€they€were€partners€in€the€construction€of€the€five€homes.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àDuring€the€course€of€the€testimony,€Wilson€sought€to€introduce€into€evidence€a€photocopyÐ  ` Ðof€a€purported€written€agreement€governing€the€business€relationship€between€the€parties.€€WilsonððsÐ ü L  Ðattorney€initially€sought€to€introduce€it€into€evidence€through€the€testimony€of€Malone,€who€deniedÐ è 8  Ðever€having€seen€it,€and€denied€that€the€signature€on€the€document€was€his.€€The€purported€agreementÐ Ô$  Ðwas€not€dated,€and€the€signatures€were€neither€witnessed€nor€notarized.€€With€grammatical,€spellingÐ À  Ðand€other€errors€intact,€the€alleged€agreement€stated:Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThis€is€A€contract€between€Pat€Malone€and€Albert€Wilson€€.Mr.Ð „Ô  ÐWilson€agree€to€let€Pat€Malone€use€his€line€of€credit€to€buy€lots€InÐ pÀ ÐChase€Creek.€In€return€Malone€would€pay€the€intrest€and€put€WilsonÐ \¬ Ðon€the€deed.Mr.€Malone€also€agree€to€pay€Wilson€Construction€12%Ð H˜ Ðon€all€houses€he€built€in€Chase€Creek.€The€other€agreements€is€forÐ 4„ ÐMalone€not€to€sell€lots€to€other€people€without€Wilson€ConstructionÐ  p Ðbuilding€the€houses.He€also€agree€to€do€construction€loans€in€hisÐ  \ Ðname€to€build€the€houses€If€we€do€A€speck€house€the€loan€will€be€putÐ øH Ðin€Malone€and€Wilson€onely.Malone€also€agree€to€pay€all€legal€fee€ifÐ ä4 Ðneeded€between€Wilson€and€Malone.ÐÐ ` x` x ÐÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àòòs/€Patrick€MaloneóóÐ ”ä ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àòòs/€Albert€WilsonóóÐ l¼ ÐÌThe€signature€lines€containing€the€alleged€signature€of€both€parties€were€at€a€slant,€out€of€alignmentÐ D!” Ðwith€the€text€of€the€purported€agreement.€€The€writing€on€both€signatures€appeared€similar.€€WilsonÐ 0"€  Ðtestified€that€he€typed€the€document€on€his€computer,€adding,€ð ðIððm€not€an€attorney.€€I€just€done€theÐ #l! Ðbest€I€could.ðð€€€He€did€not€save€the€document€on€a€hard€drive€or€a€floppy€disk.€€Wilson€asserted€thatÐ $X" ÐMalone€had€the€original€of€the€alleged€agreement,€and€that€that€was€why€Wilson€could€produce€onlyÐ ô$D # Ða€photocopy.€€€Wilson€testified€that€the€slanted€signature€lines€were€done€at€the€same€time€he€typedÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€body€of€the€purported€agreement;€Wilson€said€he€ð ð[j]ust€punched€a€button.ðð€€When€asked€whyÐ Ì&"% Ðthe€signature€lines€were€not€in€line€with€the€body€of€the€alleged€agreement,€Wilson€replied,€ð ðDonððtÐ ° Ðhave€any€idea.ðð€€The€trial€judge€had€the€proffered€agreement€marked€for€identification€only.Ð œì ÐÌà  àBoth€parties€testified€in€detail€about€the€homes,€referred€to€as€Lots€4,€8,€16,€18€and€23.Ð tÄ ÐÌò òà  àó óAs€to€Lot€4,ò ò€ó óboth€parties€agreed€that€they€were€partners€on€the€project€and€would€share€anyÐ L œ Ðprofits€from€the€final€sale€of€the€property.€€Wilson€originally€paid€$19,900€as€a€down€payment€€forÐ < Œ Ðthe€lot€and€the€parties€obtained€a€construction€loan€for€$307,000.€€After€the€construction€wasÐ ( x Ðcomplete,€the€house€remained€unsold€for€approximately€one€year.€€As€a€result,€the€parties€came€toÐ  d Ðan€agreement€in€which€Wilson€quitclaimed€his€interest€in€the€property€to€Malone.€€In€turn,€MaloneÐ  P  Ðreleased€Wilson€from€any€further€obligations€relating€to€this€property.€€Malone€then€obtained€aÐ ì <  Ðpersonal€loan€and€bought€the€house€to€use€as€his€personal€residence.€Wilson€claimed€that,€in€additionÐ Ø(  Ðto€their€written€agreement,€€Malone€orally€agreed€to€reimburse€him€for€the€cost€of€the€lot€and€pay€himÐ Ä  Ða€profit€on€the€home.€€Malone€testified€that€the€quitclaim€deed€covered€all€agreements€and€that€Ô#†XãXXXã=#ÔÔ‡XãXXXãÔnoÐ °  Ðoral€agreements€existed.Ð œì  ÐÌà  àOn€Lot€8,€Wilson€and€the€homeowners,€named€Sampson,€became€involved€in€a€dispute€withÐ tÄ ÐWilson€over€funds€from€the€construction€loan.€€Malone€mediated€a€settlement€agreement€betweenÐ `° ÐWilson€and€the€Sampsons€in€which€the€Sampsons€paid€Wilson€$8,500€in€profit€for€the€property.€Ð Lœ ÐÌÔ#†XãXXXã[!#ÔÔ‡XãXXXãÔà  àOn€Lot€16,€Wilson€claimed€that€Malone€was€not€a€party€to€the€contract€with€the€homeowners,Ð $t Ðnamed€Huggins.€€However,€Wilson€also€acknowledged€that€Malone€signed€the€contract€withÐ ` ÐHuggins.€€Both€parties€agreed€that€the€transaction€resulted€in€a€profit.€€Malone€testified€that€he€neverÐ üL Ðreceived€a€share€of€the€profit€and€paid€for€warranty€repair€work€to€the€home€after€the€Huggins€hadÐ è8 Ðclosed€the€sale€and€taken€possession.Ð Ô$ Ѐ€Ð À Ðà  àOn€Lot€18,€both€parties€agreed€that€this€was€a€joint€venture€to€build€a€house€for€a€customerÐ ¬ü Ðnamed€Garner.€€Upon€depletion€of€the€construction€loan€proceeds,€Malone€paid€approximatelyÐ ˜è Ð$150,000€from€his€personal€funds€to€complete€the€home.€€Malone€provided€numerous€invoices€andÐ „Ô Ðreceipts€to€prove€his€claim.€€Wilson€claimed€that€he€paid€for€and€was€not€reimbursed€for€hardwoodÐ pÀ Ðfloors,€insulation,€and€the€HVAC€system.€Wilson€testified€that€he€could€not€produce€evidence€Ô#†XãXXXã=##ÔÔ‡XãXXXãÔofÐ \ ¬ Ðthese€payments€because€the€bank€had€lost€his€checks.€€The€property€sold€after€Wilson€filed€suit.€€TheÐ H!˜ Ðproceeds€of€the€sale€included€a€promissory€note€for€$92,800,€plus€interest,€from€Garner€andÐ 4"„  Ð$23,533.28€paid€by€Garner€directly€to€the€court€clerk€at€the€closing.Ð  #p! ÐÌà  àOn€Lot€23,€Wilson€again€claimed€that€Malone€was€not€a€partner€on€this€project€and€thatÐ ø$H # ÐMalone€only€signed€the€contract€with€the€lot€owner€as€a€witness.€€However,€Wilson€later€testified€thatÐ ä%4!$ ÐMalone€controlled€the€money€on€this€project€and€that€Malone€did€contractor€type€work€on€the€project.€Ð Ð& "% ÐAgain,€Wilson€claimed€that€he€was€not€reimbursed€for€certain€expenses€yet€could€not€provide€anyÐ ¼' #& Ðevidence€for€these€claims.€In€particular,€Wilson€claimed€that€he€had€done€$6,000€in€bulldozer€workÐ ¨(ø#' Ðon€the€propertyò òó ó.€€Malone€denied€that€Wilson€had€done€any€significant€amount€of€bulldozer€work€onÐ ”)ä$( Ðthe€lot.€€Malone€testified€to€expenses€that€he€personally€paid€on€this€transaction€and€provided€proofÐ €*Ð%) Ðfor€each€one.Ð l+¼&* Ðò òó óà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€trial,€the€trial€judge€took€the€case€under€advisement.€€Both€partiesÐ ° Ðsubmitted€proposed€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law.€€On€November€5,€2002,€the€trial€courtÐ œì Ðentered€detailed€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àAt€the€outset,€the€trial€judge€discussed€Exhibit€10,€marked€for€identification€only,€theÐ `° Ðphotocopied€purported€agreement€between€Malone€and€Wilson€that€Wilson€sought€to€introduce€intoÐ L œ Ðevidence.€€The€trial€judge€stated:Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThe€Court€finds€that€this€instrument€is€a€total€fraud.€€Wilson€testifiedÐ  ` Ðthat€the€document€was€prepared€by€him€and€printed€out€from€hisÐ ü L  Ðcomputer€with€slanted€signature€lines.€€He€stated€that€he€did€not€saveÐ è 8  Ða€copy€on€his€hard€drive€or€on€a€floppy€disk.€€He€testified€that€bothÐ Ô$  Ðparties€executed€the€document,€with€Malone€keeping€and€neverÐ À  Ðproducing€the€original.€€The€Court€finds€that€this€testimony€isÐ ¬ü  Ðoutrageous€and€incredible.€€Further,€the€Court€finds€that€because€heÐ ˜è  Ðdid€not€have€an€oral€agreement€or€written€contract€that€might€offerÐ „Ô  Ðhim€some€protection€or€argument€as€to€his€12%€builderððs€fee,€WilsonÐ pÀ Ðconjured€up€one.€€This€fraudulent€instrument€greatly€diminishes€theÐ \¬ Ðcredibility€of€Wilson.ÐH˜` x` x ÐÌà  àBased€on€the€evidence€at€trial,€the€trial€judge€held€overall€that€Wilson€and€Malone€wereÐ  p Ðpartners,€that€the€partners€agreed€to€share€profits€and€losses€on€each€€property,€and€that€Wilson€wasÐ  \ Ðnot€entitled€to€a€12%€builders€fee.Ð øH ÐÌà  àAs€to€lot€4,€the€trial€court€specified€that€it€did€not€find€credible€Wilsonððs€assertion€that,€afterÐ Ð  ÐWilson€quitclaimed€his€interest€to€Malone,€Malone€orally€agreed€to€pay€him€a€profit€on€the€home€orÐ ¼  Ðreimburse€him€for€the€$19,900€down€payment.€€The€trial€court€found€that€Wilson€was€owed€nothingÐ ¨ø Ðon€Lot€4.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àOn€Lot€8,€the€trial€court€rejected€Wilsonððs€attempt€to€obtain€100%€of€the€builderððs€fee,€andÐ l¼ Ðfound€that€he€was€bound€by€the€terms€of€the€settlement€he€and€Malone€entered€into€with€theÐ X ¨ ÐSampsons.€€The€trial€court€concluded€that€Malone€was€entitled€to€half€of€the€profit€on€constructionÐ D!” Ðof€the€house.Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àOn€Lot€16,€the€trial€court€found€that€Malone€had€paid€Huggins€for€repairs€that€HugginsÐ $X" Ðcontended€were€covered€by€the€warranty€in€order€to€keep€his€neighbor,€Huggins,€happy,€and€notÐ ô$D # Ðbecause€of€an€agreement€with€Wilson.€€The€trial€judge€found€that€Malone€was€not€entitled€to€recoverÐ à%0!$ Ðthese€expenses,€but€awarded€Malone€half€of€the€profit€on€the€construction€of€the€house.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àOn€Lot€18,€the€trial€court€entered€detailed€findings€on€numerous€expenses€claimed€by€eachÐ ¤(ô#' Ðparty.€€After€crediting€some€expenses€and€disallowing€others,€the€trial€court€awarded€Malone€theÐ )à$( Ðprincipal€and€interest€on€the€promissory€note€from€Garner,€the€monies€paid€by€Garner€to€the€clerkÐ |*Ì%) Ðof€the€court€at€closing,€and€an€additional€award€of€approximately€$5,000.Ð h+¸&* Ðà  àOn€Lot€23,€the€trial€court€noted€that,€after€Wilson€abandoned€the€project,€Malone€resolvedÐ ° Ðthe€dispute€by€mediation.€€Crediting€each€partyððs€documented€expenses€and€disallowing€WilsonððsÐ œì Ðundocumented€claim€for€$6,000€in€bulldozer€work,€the€trial€court€awarded€Wilson€approximatelyÐ ˆØ Ð$4,500.Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àIn€total,€the€trial€court€awarded€Malone€a€net€judgment€in€the€amount€of€$27,489.16,€plus€theÐ L œ Ð$21,533.28€deposited€on€Lot€18€with€the€clerk€of€the€court€and€the€$92,800€in€principal,€plus€interestÐ 8 ˆ Ðfrom€the€promissory€note€executed€on€Lot€18.€€From€this€order,€Wilson€now€appeals.Ð $ t ÐÌà  àÔ#†XãXXXãÛ'#ÔÔ‡XãXXXãÔOur€review€of€this€case€is€governed€by€T.R.A.P.€13(d),€which€provides€that€appellate€reviewÐ ü L  Ðof€findings€of€fact€by€the€trial€court€shall€be€òòde€novoóó€upon€the€record€of€the€trial€court,€accompaniedÐ è 8  Ðby€a€presumption€of€the€correctness€of€the€factual€findings,€unless€the€evidence€preponderatesÐ Ô$  Ðotherwise.€€T.R.A.P.€13(d);€ò òòòUnion€Carbide€Corp.€v.€Huddlestonó óóó,€854€S.W.2d€87,€91€(Tenn.€1993).Ô#†XãXXXãã=#ÔÔ‡XãXXXãԀРÀ  ÐWhen€the€resolution€of€the€issues€in€a€case€depends€upon€the€truthfulness€of€witnesses,€the€trial€judgeÐ ¬ü  Ðwho€has€the€opportunity€to€observe€the€witnesses€in€their€manner€and€demeanor€while€testifying€isÐ ˜è  Ðin€a€far€better€position€than€this€Court€to€decide€those€issues.€€ò òòòMcCaleb€v.€Saturn€Corp.ó óóó,€910€S.W.2dÐ „Ô  Ð412,€415€(Tenn.€1995);€ò òòòWhitaker€v.€Whitakeró óóó,€957€S.W.2d€834,€837€(Tenn.€App.€1997).Ð pÀ ЀÌà  àOn€appeal,€Wilson€first€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€admitting€into€evidence€ExhibitÐ H˜ Ð10,€which€had€been€marked€for€identification€only.Ô#†XãXXXãô?#ÔÔ‡XãXXXãÔ€Ô#†XãXXXãíB#ÔÔ‡XãXXXãÔWilson€notes€that€the€two€parties€had€entered€intoÐ 4„ Ða€similar€type€of€agreement€for€prior€transactions€and€asserts€that€it€was€not€unreasonable€that€theÐ  p Ðparties€would€enter€into€this€type€of€agreement€for€future€transactions.€€€Wilson€contends€that€ExhibitÐ  \ Ð10€was€admissible€as€a€copy€under€Rule€1004€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€Evidence,€since€WilsonÐ øH Ðtestified€that€Malone€had€taken€the€original€agreement€and€would€not€produce€it.Ô#†XãXXXã0C#ÔÔ‡XãXXXãÔ׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ä4 ÐÌÔ#†XãXXXãlE#ÔÔ‡XãXXXãÔà  àÔ#†XãXXXãF#ÔÔ‡XãXXXãÔThe€trial€court€is€afforded€wide€discretion€in€the€admission€or€rejection€of€evidence,€and€theÐ ¼  Ðtrial€court's€action€will€be€reversed€on€appeal€only€when€there€is€a€showing€of€an€abuse€of€discretion.€ò òòòÐ ¨ø ÐOtis€v.€Cambridge€Mut.€Fire€Ins.€Co.ó óóó,€850€S.W.2d€439,€442€(Tenn.€1992);€òòò ò€Davis€v.€Halló óóó,€920Ð ”ä ÐS.W.2d€213,€217€(Tenn.€App.€1995)Ô#†XãXXXãeF#ÔÔ‡XãXXXãÔ.Ô#†XãXXXã@H#Ôò òòòóóó óÔ‡XãXXXãÔ€€The€trial€court€here€found€that€Exhibit€10€was€a€ð ðtotal€fraud,ððÐ €Ð Ðand€that€Wilsonððs€testimony€was€preposterous.€€With€appropriate€deference€to€the€trial€courtððsÐ l¼ Ðdeterminations€of€credibility,€we€find€ample€support€in€the€record€for€the€trial€courtððs€conclusion.€Ð X ¨ ÐWe€find€no€error€in€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€that€the€document€was€a€fraud€and€its€refusal€to€allow€itÐ D!” Ðinto€evidence.Ô#†XãXXXãH#ÔÔ‡XãXXXãÔÐ 0"€  ÐÌà  àWilson€also€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€finding€that€the€evidence€preponderated€inÐ $X" Ðfavor€of€an€award€of€damages€to€Malone,€and€that€the€trial€court€improperly€calculated€the€damages.€Ð ô$D # ÐWilson€essentially€argues€at€length€that€he€should€have€been€awarded€a€builderððs€fee€pursuant€to€theÐ à%0!$ Ðfabricated€Exhibit€10,€and€that€the€trial€court€should€have€credited€his€testimony€on€theÐ Ì&"% Ðunderstandings€between€he€and€Malone,€as€well€as€the€numerous€undocumented€expenses€claimedÐ ¸'#& Ðby€Wilson.€€This€argument€is€also€without€merit.€€Overall,€the€trial€court€credited€Maloneððs€testimonyÐ ° Ðand€discredited€Wilsonððs€testimony;€as€discussed€above,€there€is€ample€support€in€the€record€for€this€Ð œì Ðcredibility€determination.€€In€addition,€the€trial€court€made€detailed€findings€on€the€expenses€claimedÐ ˆØ Ðby€each€party,€splitting€the€profits€between€the€parties€and€calculating€expenses,€profits€and€lossesÐ tÄ Ðof€Ô#†XãXXXã¯J#ÔÔ‡XãXXXãÔeach€property€separately.€€The€trial€court€gave€each€party€credit€for€expenses€incurred€to€the€extentÐ `° Ðthat€the€party€provided€documentation.€€Malone€entered€numerous€receipts€into€the€record.€€WilsonÐ L œ Ðentered€few€receipts€and€testified€that€he€did€not€keep€receipts€on€several€of€the€properties.€€BasedÐ 8 ˆ Ðon€the€record€on€appeal,€we€find€no€error€in€the€trial€courtððs€calculation€of€damages€or€in€itsÐ $ t Ðconclusion€that€the€evidence€preponderated€in€favorÔ#†XãXXXãKO#ÔÔ‡XãXXXãÔ€of€its€award€of€damages€to€MÔ#†XãXXXã¡Q#ÔÔ‡XãXXXãÔalone.Ð  ` ÐÌà  àThe€decision€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€Costs€are€taxed€to€Appellant€Albert€Wilson,€forÐ è 8  Ðwhich€execution€may€issue,€if€necessary.Ð Ô$  ÐÌÌà  àà ` àòòÔ#†XãXàXãR#ÔÔ‡ XãXàXãÔÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð „Ô  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àHOLLY€M.€KIRBY,€JUDGEóóÔ#†XãXX Xã6S#Ô