ÿWPCØ sî. ¨æõªÐ2½©eò*-'›¢dÆ0U(&áw‚Ö­ÚÛÔC¶šxq;{.ìÕâ°5`ßž„ž/ $´ý¥,³Œô§¨{ñ¹É¶Ü¬©Hyªâ©³ÙþvÜäQ6„¯¢#vѯ"~îšZ=©ØÍ&\Œ¦4èÆz*dÊ‘q‡Û†w©\SG_ KvŸuÕ{Ç D°oô\}4‡­ÞmÆ#£fx°U˜íŠLÁ·ùCY?jÙˆ×QßznñÚ1ˆ„¯viŽ'û€¥4nøÖÓœ°bZ™ž N¯u¦þi(q8wç"[æÑ&tLÑÅtO–Jö/=U ßv?>X'œhpZ ‚ÆOîf®í‰û yïLíŵòÄÝg_¯…Þ€ˆFÅ5±áO~Yhò?Pœ÷GPA6ÁøzÿVb÷3Jv áq³¯MIÚí«K 2<<#víþ~˜€)õyP#‰øñ°í›Ê€—Ôä‚h…lýìTˆü„ V¯Ðå%¯ ‡Û?ÎW£ùªã2W¸¼È Yfú}ÌÚ¢ùõØ—êן&ÿZ¦ Ôè´ìùxWñ]ÿmT´U›–b7É•n÷R”!©°ž¨‰2P¤´—a ™ñTˆ¦>§„F=†¬‘RÞM# 6U:A %{ 0(b ©w@µ4õ  0D  D/dš“ 0P- @L} omÉ B6S BWU:ttttttttttttt AQ®Æÿ 0DÅ A  0D¦¦ D+ê 0KÆ` D3&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& AY˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡- ù - MNDODPDQRDSDTUÓ€_ê‚_#ÔdÔô3|x_($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'÷ÿ dxd Ý ƒ /Q+ÝÔ d ÔÝ  Ýßi€L5%!` 0  ` Á{ â £êE°xè5/ x‰°xè5iß((3/Q$««Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ d ÔC:\OFFICE\WPWIN\GRAPHICS\DRAFT.WPGÿWPC°°—D%&1—D%&1'Ø'3XXXX,,51ÿÿÿ.+3ÿ– `! ¦Ù'¦Ù'þi(²­(S)õc)°«)"G*"G*Óñ)Óñ)|œ)|œ)|œ)-). )–¨(k(×<(yÚ'›ô&[ú%Þ{%U %<I%&|”&¶'½‹'Üj'æ\'3'3'T‰'T‰'¦Ù'1ÿÿÿ3ÿÿÿN `"0(0(¡ª''r&è%äÌ%‚+&\O&=“&9Ê&6'b{'¶Ò'<](Ìx(0(0(13ÿê `#T#+T#+T#+'H+'H+'H+t+t+ÜO+ÜO+ÜO+»-++†×*\*U`*\ *\ *B$*B$**<*I*n*n*¸*¸*eÊ)eÊ)eÊ)±)œ™)¹„)öQ)5)4)gæ( ¨(:(:(R‘(R‘(R‘(§ã(§ã(ê)ê)ê)­¼)™á)•*“=*º“*èÃ*û×*ó*I+I+ÿ `$ñ c,ñ c,â h,Ý i,Ð u,Á ^,± H,¥ ;, $,s ,^ ,I ,0 , D, D,ƒ Ç,ƒ Ç,H -H -H -1 -û$-Ç-…û,-¹,ÐY,lñ+6 +ò++þ*5ò*5ò*?ý*?ý*Te+€¶+Ð ,/k,•,Åa,áF,Ñ,…¸+5O++ãÛ*[*|ú)±Ç)÷ƒ)„¸) J*p ¬*§ +Ç x+ k+; ~+ˆ Î+¯ ÷+Ç ,ñ c,ñ c,1ÿÿÿ3ÿÿÿN `%e É+e É+ˆ ¨+‘ ˆ+„ \+t #+M â* ²*Ê[*r?*Cl*œ*)í*œ†+××+àæ+ &, &,13ÿJ `&Û 50Û 50º 0ž ð/ Þ/U •// F/! ü. ˜. G.\ .\ .v õ-v õ-B Â-1 °-ôw-ôw- e- e- e- N- N- N-k ¢-k ¢-k ¢-š Ò-š Ò- k- k- k-\ -Ž â, [, [,R µ,R µ,¨ -¨ -¨ - -â ¯-} .} .( e.( e.( e.v ¸.v ¸.v ¸.ã $/ã $/ã $/Ë 5/Ë 5/¹ L/¹ L/¹ L/h ó.P ×. ˆ.É ’.± ž.“ ».` í.k 8/± €/Ì œ/è ­/ Ã/ Ã/( Ù/( Ù/ ç/ ç/ ç/ý 0ó 0Û 50Û 50ÿ `'·/·/»/û »/è Ã/Æ ‡/² k/’ J/t +/O /1 / õ.õ ù.Ñ /¹ ,/‹ U/j u/j u/Ê 0Ê 0 a0> †0« î0« î0 1 1z 1z 1z 1 ®0ð …0£ 50q h0` }0, À0 c0ò F0¶ ë/æ Ë/ö ¿/ ¡/ç s/Ô c/™ +/™ +/± /± /Ç /Ç /Ç /þ ;/ O/< |/< |/Ý à.Ý à.P m.P m.P m.Ž ..õ W.{ â.» #/á U/·/·/üÿP Pd úÝ ƒ"¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€Xß–XXXÔÔ€+/XXß–ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€Xß–X+/ÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€2,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó ó d,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular!"$ Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($'& I&mage <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKK(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý'ÈÈÈÈdxd( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó óLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5'ÿÿdxd$yúÿ  <<= 8ÀÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝѰÑÒ€°ÒÒ„°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ7€ß–XXdædÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ñò òÔ€¼vX¼XXÔÓ  ÓñSñÖ€ ÿÿÖñSññUñ›ñUññ_ññUñßr€ )<,(j 8` `€€@Eô ` 8ttxP,ð  rßñUññ_ññ_ññ_ññ_ññUñ›ñUññ_ññ_ñßt€ )>.*jx.ÿ` `€€@E"` 8ttxPZ?ð È tß›ñ_ñà@  êàIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÌà@¦¦(êàAT€NASHVILLEó óÔ€Xß–X¼¼vXԈР ÐÌÌÌÌJENNIFER€O.€WILSON€(OAKLEY),à  à)Ð È À Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àPlaintiff/Appellant,à à àà 8 àà  à)Ð ”Œ Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àAppeal€No.Ð zr  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è à01„A„01„9707„CV„00325Ð `X  ÐVS.à Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ð F>  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àDavidson€CircuitÐ ,$  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àNo.€96D„1850Ð   ÐLARRY€ARNOLD€WILSON,à 8 àà  à)à è àà @ àà ˜ àà ð àà H! àà  # àÐ øð  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àDefendant/Appellee.à 8 àà  à)Рļ ÐÌÌà@ï ï êàAPPEALED€FROM€THE€CIRCUIT€COURT€OF€DAVIDSON€COUNTYˆÌà@#êàAT€NASHVILLE,€TENNESSEEˆÌÌà@= = êàTHE€HONORABLE€MURIEL€ROBINSON,€JUDGEˆÌÌÌÌÌJ.€RUSSELL€HELDMANÌ320€Main€Street,€Suite€101ÌFranklin,€Tennessee€37064ÌÌJOHN€E.€HERBISONÌ501€Union€Street,€Suite€500ÌNashville,€Tennessee€37219Ìà Ø àAttorneys€for€Plaintiff/AppellantÌÌEARL€J.€PORTER,€JR.Ì214€Third€Avenue€NorthÌNashville,€Tennessee€37201ÌÌTHOMAS€F.€BLOOMÌ500€Church€Street,€Fifth€FloorÌNashville,€Tennessee€37219Ìà Ø àAttorneys€for€Defendant/AppelleeÌÌÌà@DD$êàAFFIRMED€AS€MODIFIEDˆÌà@¿¿(êàAND€REMANDEDˆÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àà è àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌÌCONCUR:ÌTODD,€P.J.,€M.S.ÌCAIN,€J.Ð  è7à06 ÐÓÓò òÔ€„|{„XXß–Ôòòà@tt(êàO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÔ€Xß–X„„|{ԈР ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àIn€œa€documentary€on€how€to€complicate€a€simple€divorce,€this€caseÏwould€serve€as€a€highlight›€film.€€After€the€trial€œcourt€finally€entered›€a€final€œjudgment,›€theÏparties€on€appeal€argue€about€the€trial€judgeððs€refusal€to€recuse€œherself,€›€a€pre„nuptialÏagreement,€the€division€of€marital€property,€the€award€of€attorneyððs€fees,€and€certainÏinjunctions€involving€the€custody€and€visitation€with€the€partiesðð€minor€child.€€WeÏmodify€the€judgment€œto€give€Dr.€Oakley€a€$2,000€credit€for€her€separate€propertyÏawarded€to€Mr.€Wilson€and€to€make€the€judgment€for€attorneyððs€fees€run€to€Mr.€WilsonÏinstead€of€his€lawyer.€€In›€all€other€respects€we€affirm€the€judgment€below.ÌÌà@²²-êàò òI.ó óˆÐ ÈÀ ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àDr.€Jennifer€œOakley›,€a€Nashville€gynecologist,€married€Larry€Wilson,€aÏpilot€and€flight€instructor,€on€August€29,€1989.€€Both€parties€had€been€married€before.€ÏDr.€Oakley€had€a€five€year€old€son€from€a€former€marriage€and€œone€of€Mr.›€WilsonððsÏœprior›€marriages€produced€one€œson,›€who€was€fifteen€in€1989.€€Mr.€Wilson€adopted€œDr.›ÏOakleyððs€son€in€1991.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àMr.€Wilson€worked€for€a€company€in€Smithville€until€1991,€when€he€œleftÏit€to€devote›€all€his€time€to€the€family.€€The€trial€judge€found€that€after€œ1991,›€Mr.€WilsonÏwas€essentially€a€house€husband.€€œThe›€two€families€apparently€blended€well€together.€ÏDr.€Oakley€formed€a€close€relationship€with€Mr.€Wilsonððs€son;€Mr.€Wilson€and€hisÏadopted€son€were€constantly€œtogether,€and€a€strong€bond€formed€between€them.›ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àAll€of€œthis›€family€bliss€ended€in€1995€or€in€the€first€part€of€1996.€€Dr.ÏOakley€filed€a€complaint€for€divorce€on€June€21,€1996.€€œThe€initial€pleading€did€notÏ›presageœ€the€bitterness€to€come.€€The€complaint€simply€alleged›€that€the€parties€wereÐ ”8Œ16 Ðexperiencing€irreconcilable€differences€and€that€she€anticipated€they€would€enter€intoÏa€marital€dissolution€agreement.€€Below€the€surface,€however,€the€œrelationship›€hadÏturned€ugly.€€On€July€11,€1996€Mr.€Wilson€filed€an€answer€and€counter€complaintÏalleging€that€Dr.€Oakley€was€guilty€of€inappropriate€marital€conduct.€€He€soughtÏcustody€of€the€minor€child€and€an€equitable€division€of€the€marital€property.€€HeÏalleged€that€Dr.€Oakley€had€set€out€to€destroy€œhis›€relationship€œwith€his€adopted€son.›ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àBoth€parties€sought€various€restraining€orders,€and€the€court€set€aÏhearing€for€August€22,€1996.€€At€that€hearing€the€bitterness€œtook€over›€and€set€the€toneÏfor€all€œof€the›€proceedings€that€followed.€€After€hearing€some€œof€the€proof,›€the€courtÏcontinued€the€hearing€to€August€30,€1996€but€entered€an€interim€order€containing€theÏfollowing€provisions:ÌÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ à1.à à àThat€a€restraining€order€issue€enjoining€andÐ h` Ðrestraining€both€parties€from€harassing€each€other;Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ Ðà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ à2.à à àThat€a€restraining€order€issue€enjoining€andÐ H!@ Ðrestraining€either€party€from€wiretapping€the€partiesðð€homeÏtelephones;Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ Ðà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ à3.à à àThat€a€restraining€order€issue€enjoining€andÐ $ Ðrestraining€œMRS›.€WILSON€from€interfering€with€the€childððsÏvisitation€with€MR.€WILSON;Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ Ðà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ à4.à à àThat€a€restraining€order€issue€enjoining€andÐ è&à" Ðrestraining€œMRS›.€WILSON€from€attempting€to€alienate€theÏaffections€of€the€child€from€MR.€WILSON;Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ Ðà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ à5.à à àThat€a€restraining€order€issue€enjoining€andÐ ¸)°"% Ðrestraining€the€parties€from€having€a€gun€around€the€childÏor€in€the€house;Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ Ðà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ à6.à à àThat€the€child€will€not€sleep€with€œMRS›.Ð ˆ,€%( ÐWILSON€but€will€be€in€his€own€bed;Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ Ðà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ à7.à à àThat€œMRS›.€WILSON€shall€return€MR.Ð h.`'* ÐWILSONððS€automobile€and€the€boat€and€jet€skis€to€theÏresidence€of€the€parties€and€that€the€parties€are€enjoinedÏand€restrained€from€disposing€of€these€items;Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ Ðà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ à8.à à àThat€MR.€WILSON€will€take€the€childÐ (2 +. Ðimmediately€following€the€hearing€to€have€dinner€with€himÏand€return€him€home€by€8:00€P.M.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌÌÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àThe€court€œhad€orally›€found€œat€the€end€of€the€August€22€hearing€that›€Mr.ÏWilson€should€be€allowed€to€take€the€child€to€dinner€that€night€and€return€him€to€hisÐ ¨9 26 Ðmother€œby›€8:00€P.M.€€The€parties€were€strictly€enjoined€not€to€discuss€the€divorce€withÏthe€child.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€court€resumed€the€hearing€on€August€30.€€The€charges€and€counterÏcharges€grew€in€substance€and€tone.€€But€at€the€conclusion€of€the€hearing€the€trialÏjudge€entered€an€order€containing€the€following:ÌÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àAt€the€conclusion€of€all€testimony,€the€Court€made€aÏfinding€of€fact€that€Mrs.€Wilson€has€set€upon€a€course€ofÏconduct€to€alienate€the€child€from€Mr.€Wilson.€€The€CourtÏfurther€finds€that€the€child€has€been€alienated€by€Mrs.ÏWilson.€€The€Court€further€established€specific€visitationÏfor€Mr.€Wilson€and€enjoined€the€parties€from€alienating€theÏaffections€of€the€child€toward€either€parent€and€fromÏdiscussing€the€divorce€case€or€any€past€conduct€of€theÏparties€in€the€presence€of€the€child.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àIt€is,€therefore,€ORDERED,€ADJUDGED€andÏDECREED€that€a€restraining€order€issue€enjoining€andÏrestraining€the€parties€from€attempting€to€alienate€theÏaffection€of€the€child€from€either€parent.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àIt€is€further€ORDERED€that€both€parents€are€à8@ 0 ¤0 ¤àà8 @Ø à¼enjoined€and€restrained€from€discussing€this€divorce€caseÏor€custody€issues€with€the€child€and€from€discussing€anyÏpast€conduct€of€the€other€in€the€presence€of€the€child.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àIt€is€further€ORDERED€that€Mr.€Wilson€will€beÏspecifically€enjoined€and€restrained€from€insulting€or€ð ðbutt„¼facingðð€the€child.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àIt€is€further€ORDERED€that€Mrs.€Wilson€will€beÏspecifically€enjoined€and€restrained€from€interfering€withÏMr.€Wilsonððs€visitation.€€She€will€further€be€enjoined€fromÏhaving€her€father€or€other€relatives€from€interfering€withÏthis€Court€ordered€visitation.€€Further,€Mr.€and€Mrs.€WilsonÏwill€both€be€enjoined€from€threatening€or€physicallyÏabusing€each€other.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àIt€is€further€ORDERED€that€Mr.€Wilson€will€haveÏvisitation€with€the€minor€child€every€other€weekend€fromÏFriday€at€6:00€p.m.€until€Sunday€at€6:00€p.m.,€toÏcommence€on€Friday,€September€6,€1996.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àIt€is€further€ORDERED€that€Mrs.€Wilson€will€haveÏvisitation€over€the€Labor€Day€holiday.€€Mr.€Wilson€shallÏhave€Thanksgiving€visitation€beginning€on€ThanksgivingÏEve€from€8:00€a.m.€until€9:00€p.m.€€If€the€child€is€in€schoolÏon€Thanksgiving€Eve,€Mr.€Wilson€will€pick€him€up€atÏschool€for€Thanksgiving€Eve€dinner€and€deliver€him€toÐ ¨9 26 ÐMrs.€Wilson€to€have€the€child€from€Thanksgiving€EveÏthrough€Thanksgiving€Day.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àIt€is€further€ORDERED€that€the€child€will€be€with€Mr.ÏWilson€one€week€before€Christmas€until€8:00€p.m.€onÏChristmas€Eve,€at€which€time€the€child€will€be€in€Mrs.ÏWilsonððs€care€from€8:00€p.m.€Christmas€Eve€throughÏChristmas€Day€and€the€week€thereafter.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌÌÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àAt€this€point€Dr.€Oakley€changed€lawyers.€€Both€parties€filed€petitions€forÏcontempt,€but€the€contempt€proceedings€bogged€down€in€procedural€difficulties€whenÏDr.€Oakley€demanded€a€jury€and€insisted€that€a€special€prosecutor€be€appointed€underÏRule€42,€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€Proc.€€The€trial€judge€refused€both€motions€but€granted€Dr.ÏOakley€an€interlocutory€appeal€under€Rule€9,€Tenn.€R.€App.€Proc.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àDr.€Oakley€then€changed€lawyers€again€and€moved€œthe›€trial€judge€toÏrecuse€herself.€€The€trial€judge€overruled€the€motion,€and€Dr.€Oakley€filed€a€petitionÏin€the€juvenile€court€alleging€that€the€child€was€in€danger€of€suffering€immediate€andÏirreparable€harm€if€he€were€required€to€go€through€unsupervised€visitation€with€Mr.ÏWilson.€€The€juvenile€court€heard€proof€and€ruled€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àThe€petitioner,€the€child,€and€the€childððs€aunt,€allÏtestified€at€the€preliminary€hearing.€€At€the€conclusion€ofÏtheir€testimony,€the€Court€advised€the€petitioner€that€theÏfacts€testified€to€by€the€witnesses€would€not€support€theÏtype€of€extraordinary€relief€that€they€were€seeking.€€TheÏrequirements€for€such€an€emergency€order€prior€to€a€fullÏadjudicatory€hearing€are€extremely€strict.€€The€evidenceÏregarding€the€risk€to€the€child€was€simply€not€of€the€levelÏthat€the€legislature€requires€for€this€Court€to€enter€such€an€Ïemergency€order.€€In€this€respect,€the€Circuit€Court€hasÏmuch€more€flexibility€in€entering€such€pendente€lite€ordersÏunder€its€divorce€jurisdiction€œthan›€this€Court€has€under€itsÏdependent€and€neglect€jurisdiction.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌÌÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àDr.€Oakley€then€dropped€one€of€her€œattorneys›€and€added€another€in€hisÏplace.€€The€case€lurched€along€toward€a€final€hearing€in€April€of€1997.€€Dr.€OakleyÏrenewed€her€motion€for€œrecusal›,€œand€the›€court€œdenied€it.›€€After€the€final€hearing,€theÐ ¸8°15 Ðcourt€granted€the€parties€a€divorce€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„4„129,€althoughÏthe€court€found€that€Dr.€Oakley€bore€the€greater€œdegree›€of€fault.€€The€court€divided€theÏmarital€property,€awarded€custody€of€the€child€to€Dr.€Oakley,€with€specific€visitation€forÏMr.€Wilson,€and€enjoined€Dr.€Oakley€(1)€to€refrain€from€interfering€with€the€visitationÏand€(2)€to€refrain€from€attempting€to€alienate€the€childððs€affections€for€his€father.€€TheÏorder€also€œdirected›€Mr.€Wilson€to€pay€child€support€and€denied€œhim›€any€alimony€exceptÏfor€$15,000€in€attorneyððs€fees.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àAfter€the€trial,€Dr.€Oakleyððs€trial€attorney€withdrew€and€was€replaced€byÏthe€seventh€separate€attorney€to€represent€her€in€this€litigation.€€œNew›€counsel€madeÏa€motion€for€a€new€trial€and€carried€the€effort€to€disqualify€the€trial€judge€to€theÏpresiding€judge€of€the€Davidson€County€trial€courts.€€The€presiding€judge€denied€theÏapplication.ÌÌà@^^,êàò òII.€€ˆÐ H!@ Ðà@ii+êàòòœRecusal›óóó óˆÐ (#  ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àOn€appeal€Dr.€Oakley€seeks€a€reversal€of€each€of€the€trial€judgeððsÏadverse€findings€on€the€ground€that€the€trial€judge€was€biased€and€œprejudiced›€againstÏher.€€Five€specific€instances€of€misconduct€are€cited€as€the€basis€for€the€conclusionÏthat€this€court€should€reverse€the€trial€courtððs€orders.ÌÌÓÓÓÓœà Ø àà 0 à€ò ò(1)ó ó€€At›€the€August€22,€1996€hearing€Mr.€Wilsonððs€lawyer€alleged€in€hisÐ H0@), Ðopening€statement€that€Dr.€Oakley€had€set€out€on€a€definite€course€of€action€to€poisonÏthe€childððs€mind.€€At€that€point€the€trial€judge€interrupted€and€directed€the€court€reporterÏto€go€off€the€record.€€During€the€off„the„record€œdiscussion,›€the€judge€referred€to€aÏrecent€decision€in€the€Court€of€Appeals€in€òòœVarley›€v.€œVarley›óó,€934€S.W.2d€659€(Tenn.Ð È7À04 ÐApp.€1996),€in€which€the€trial€judge€(the€same€trial€judge€hearing€this€case)€was€upheldÐ ¨9 26 Ðin€awarding€custody€to€the€father.€€In€a€hearing€on€January€10,€1997€on€Dr.€OakleyððsÏmotion€for€œrecusal›,€the€following€œexchanges›€took€place:€ÌÓm7Óà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àœQ.€€(By›€Mr.€œSanderson›)€€Go€ahead€if€you€will€Dr.ÏOakley,€tell€her€Honor€exactly€what€your€feelings€wereÏand€what€you€recited€in€writing?Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àœA.€€Initially›€on€August€œ22nd›€Mr.€Porter€was€makingÏhis€opening€remarks€and€he€got€to€a€point€in€his€statementÏwhere€he€said€that€he€accused€me€of€poisoning€the€childððsÏmind.€€At€which€point€Your€Honor€went€off€the€record€andÏmotioned€œfor›€the€court€transcriptionist€to€quit€typing€andÏyou€said€to€Mr.€œPorter,›€was€he€aware€that€you€could€takeÏthe€child€away€from€the€mother€and€you€pointed€towardsÏme€and€give€to€the€father€and€pointed€towards€Mr.€WilsonÏand€you€further€cited€a€case,€which€I€have€come€to€findÏout€it€was€a€case€called€Varley€versus€Varley.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€I›€remember€that€and€I€donððt€thinkÏthat€I€pointed€to€anyone€but€that€Varley€Case€is€a€caseÏthat€both€sides€of€this€lawsuit€needs€to€read€because€itÏdoes€address€the€conduct€of€the€parties€and€whatððs€to€theÏbest€interest€of€the€child€and€I€do€recall€announcing€thatÏboth€of€these€sides€needed€to€read€this€Varley€Case.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 à*à  à*à è à*à@êê.êàˆÐ h` ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œWITNESS:€€You›€came€off€the€record€andÏmade€me€feel€intimidated€and€threatened€before€anyÏtestimony€had€been€given€on€my€part€or€Mr.€Wilsonððs€part.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€I›€donððt€feel€like€I€need€to€respond€toÏthat.€€I€certainly€couldnððt€gauge€the€feelings€of€any€litigantÏhere€but€the€point€is€œthat€that›€remark€off€the€record€wasÏdesigned€as€an€œaide€[sic]›€to€both€sides.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œWITNESS:€€You›€also€said€„„€you€also€said€thatÏnot€only€had€that€happened,€had€the€mother€„„€had€theÏchildren€been€taken€away€„„€you€not€only€said€that€theÏchildren€had€been€taken€away€from€the€mother€and€givenÏto€the€father€but€that€had€happened€in€that€case€and€itÏcould€happen€in€my€case€as€well.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 à*à  à*à è à*Ð H0@), ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àMR.€œSANDERSON:€€Thatððs›€what€Iððm€talking€aboutÏbut€the€very€first€comments€that€were€made€about€thatÏwere€made€precisely€quoting€the€Varley€Case€relative€to€Ïalienation€of€affection€and€Your€Honor€without€every€[sic]Ïhearing€Mrs.€Wilson€turned€around€and€made€a€findingÏthat€she€was€guilty€of€having€alienated€the€affection€of€thisÏchild€without€ever€hearing€any€testimony€from€the€child,Ïany€testimony€from€Mr.€Wilson.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÐ ¨9 26 Ðà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€That›€was€pursuant€from€me€hearingÏtestimony,€pursuant€to€the€visitation€that€occurred€onÏAugust€œ22nd›€we€did€hear€proof€on€that,€we€heardÏnumerous€witnesses.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€WITNESS:€This€was€on€the€August€œ22nd›Ïhearing.€€It€was€before€you€ever€ordered€the€child€to€go€toÏdinner.€€It€was€the€opening€remarks€of€the€August€œ22nd›Ïhearing.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€It›€really€doesnððt€make€anyÏdifference,€I€heard€the€proof€and€I€put€down€an€order.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œWITNESS:€€You›€didnððt€hear€the€proof€whenÏyou€made€the€comment€off€the€record.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€That›€doesnððt€make€any€difference,Ïthat€really€doesnððt€make€any€difference.€€I€heard€the€proofÏand€then€entered€a€resulting€order.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àMR.€œSANDERSON:€€Your›€Honor,€I€respectfullyÏdiffer€with€The€Court€in€this€regard,€I€believe€that€IððmÏentitled€as€an€officer€of€The€Court€to€ask€Your€Honor€whyÏyou€went€œoff›€the€record,€what€did€you€say€and€why€did€youÏsay€it?Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€And›€Iððll€give€you€an€answer€to€that.€ÏI€went€off€the€record€to€aide€œ[sic]€these›€counsel€in€theÏmost€recent€case€that€I€had€that€involved€the€visitation€andÏcustody€problem.€€I€deal€with€custody€problems€every€day,ÏI€have€for€16€years,€I€deal€with€parents€that€after€hearingÏthe€proof€itððs€obvious€that€one€attempts€to€alienate€theÏchild€from€the€other,€it€seems€to€be€routine€unfortunatelyÏin€cases€of€divorce€and€custody€measures€but€that€wasÏdone€primarily€to€aide€œ[sic]€both›€of€the€parties€and€afterÏthat€we€had€a€rather€extensive€hearing,€I€heard€numerousÏwitnesses€and€I€entered€an€order€that€was€signed€onÏSeptember€œ12th›€that€I€felt€was€fair€and€equitable€to€both€Ïparties.€€It€set€visitation,€it€kind€of€drew€the€rules€for€theÏparties€to€work€with€and€Iððm€standing€by€that€order.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àœMR.›€œSANDERSON:€€Your›€Honor,€I€understand€andÏI€appreciate€that.€€That€order€however€was€entered€andÏthose€findings€were€made€by€The€Court€after€This€CourtÏheard€testimony€from€three€different€young€girls€and€fromÏtwo,€I€believe,€three€of€their€mothers€about€the€priorÏconduct€of€this€man€with€children€and€you€never€permittedÏ„„€and€Mrs.€Wilson€was€never€on€the€stand€to€testify€aboutÏwhat€was€referred€to€as€butt„facing€which€was€admitted.€ÏThis€conduct€was€admitted€by€Mr.€Wilson€and€Your€HonorÏproceeded€to€make€some€order€of€visitation.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€I›€did€make€a€order€of€visitationÏbecause€having€heard€that€proof,€to€me€that€was€not€a€„„Ïthat€was€pretty€much€a€trivial€matter.€€What€you€have€toÐ ¨9 26 Ðdo€is€take€the€whole€thing.€€Now,€I€know€thereððs€been€noÏappeal€of€this€order.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌÌÌœà Ø àà 0 àò ò(2)ó ó€€ÓÓAt›€the€August€22,€1996€hearing€Mr.€Wilson€was€on€the€standÐ ¸ ° Ðanswering€questions€from€his€lawyer€about€an€allegation€that€he€had€tapped€Dr.ÏOakleyððs€telephone.€€After€explaining€that€he€had€installed€a€recording€device€a€yearÏand€a€half€earlier€to€record€a€briefing€he€œreceived€about›€a€job€interview,€the€followingÏexchange€took€place:ÌÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€Did›€you€leave€it€in€there€to€monitorÏher€calls?Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œWITNESS:€€No,›€sir,€I€did€not.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€Why›€did€you€leave€it€operating€afterÏyou€didnððt€need€it?Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œWITNESS:€€Because›€I€was€„„€still€belonged€toÏœFAPA›,€and€there€was€no€need€to€unhook€it.€€It€was€sittingÏright€there€on€top€of€the€œsafe,›€and€she€has€total€„„Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€Iððm›€going€to€say€that€you€not€use€itÏagain.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€WITNESS:€I€wonððt€now.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àœQ.€€à à à(By›€Mr.€œPorter)€€Mr.›€Wilson,€letððs€be€candidÐ %  Ðwith€the€Court.€€Did€you,€in€fact,€record€some€phoneÏconversations€involving€your€wife?Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àœA.›à à àYes,€I€did.ÐÈ(À!$0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àQ.à à àTell€me€the€circumstances€about€that.Ш* #&0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àœA.›à à àShe€told€me€one€Saturday€afternoon€sheÐ ˆ,€%( Ðwanted€a€divorce€because€I€„„Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€›€œJust›€a€minute.€€I€think€Iððll€invoke€hisÏFifth€Amendment€here€if€his€lawyer€is€not€going€toÏbecause€he€cannot€use€that€evidence.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àMR.€œPORTER:€€We›€donððt€intend€to€use€it.€€It€wasÏnothing€„„€thereððs€nothing€incriminating€involved€in€it.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àMS.€œPALERMO:€€Wiretapping›€is€„„€heððs€just€aboutÏto€confess€to€wiretapping.€€Iððve€got€the€tape€right€here€ofÏher€on€the€phone€with€patients€and€other€people.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ Ðâ âÐ ¸8°15 Ðà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€COURT:€Whether€or€not€she€pursues€that€atÏâ âa€different€level€I€donððt€know.€€Iððm€just€going€to€tell€him€IÏdonððt€need€to€know€that.€€He€cannot€introduce€thisÏevidence€against€her€in€this€court.€€Iððm€going€to€enjoin€himÏand€restrain€him€„„€either€of€them€from€putting€any€kind€ofÏlistening€device€on€his€phone.€€Itððs€illegal€and€donððt€do€it.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌÌÌœà Ø àà 0 àò ò(3)ó ó€€ÓÓAt›€the€August€22,€1996€hearing€Mr.€Wilson€answered€questionsÐ xp  Ðabout€a€game€he€played€with€the€boys€called€ð ðbutt„facing.ðð€€(Where€one€participant€isÏheld€down€and€another€participant€pulls€down€his€pants€and€squats€down€with€his€bareÏbottom€on€the€otherððs€face.)€€The€court€interrupted€Mr.€Wilsonððs€testimony€and€theÏfollowing€exchange€took€place:ÌÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€Did›€she€participate€in€it?Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€WITNESS:€Yes,€maððam.€€One€time€she€did.€ÏThere€was€one€time€I€remember€in€the€living€room€„„Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€COURT:€Do€you€and€she€still€do€this?Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œWITNESS:€€Do›€I€still€do€it?Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€Yeah.›Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œWITNESS:€€Havenððt›€probably€in€the€better€partÏof€a€year.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€See›€that€you€donððt€because€thisÏcourt€finds€that€conduct€very€offensive.€€Itððs€repulsive,€andÏyou€could€be€arrested€for€it.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€WITNESS:€Yes,€maððam.€€Okay.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€The›€only€thing€that€saves€you€is€„„Ïsheððs€probably€not€going€to€admit€that€she€joined€œin€it,›€butÏI€will€not€tolerate€any€conduct€like€that€around€any€kind€ofÏchildren€or€adults.€€Itððs€sick.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌÌ̛̜à0 Ø àà € àœÓÓà Ø àà 0 àò ò(4)ó ó€€Again,›€at€the€August€22,€1996€hearing,€the€trial€judge€asked€Mr.Ð 3,/ ÐWilsonððs€lawyer€how€Mr.€Wilson€wished€to€visit€with€the€child€(in€light€of€the€factÏthat€they€were€still€living€in€the€same€house.)€€The€record€reveals€the€following:Ð Ø T$Ø T$ ÐÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€How›€does€he€want€to€visit€this€child?€ÏTheyððre€in€the€same€house,€and€Iððm€going€to€enjoin€themÐ ¨9 26 Ðboth€from€interfering€with€everybody€here,€but€what€is€hisÏversion€of€visitation?€€What€does€œhe›€want€to€have?€€EveryÏother€weekend€where€heððs€in€charge€of€that€child€fromÏFriday€at€6:00€to€Sunday€at€6:00€and€take€them€to€theÏmovies?€€Is€that€what€he€wants€without€her€interference?Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àMR.€œPORTER:€€Thatððs›€a€start,€if€Your€HonorÏplease.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€Yeah.›€€It€is.€€Thatððs€pretty€usual.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àœMR.ñSñ›ñSñ€PORTER:€€I›€mean€itððs€somewhat€unique€whenÏtheyððre€in€the€same€house.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€COURT:€Iððm€sure€heððs€going€to€be€seeing€theÏchild€during€the€day.€€He€can€speak€to€it.€€The€child€shouldÏspeak€to€him,€and€everybody€ought€to€be€cordial.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àQ.à à à(By€Mr.€Porter)€What€have€you€„„€we€havenððtÐ èà Ðtalked€about€that,€but€what€are€your€feelings€and€attitudeÏabout€that?Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àœA.›à à àWell,€œhe›€is€mine,€and€I€love€him€very€dearly.€Ð ¨  ÐI€would€like€joint€custody€of€him,€but€I€guess€weððll€addressÏthat€at€a€later€time.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€I›€mean€you€can€ask€for€full€custodyÏof€him€as€far€as€„„Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œWITNESS:€€No.›Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€I›€havenððt€got€to€that€part.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œWITNESS:€€Iððm›€not€asking€for€full€custody.€ÏThatððs€his€mother.€€He€loves€her.€€I€would€like€jointÏcustody,€yes,€maððam,€if€thatððs€„„€Iððd€like€some€say„so€inÏwhat€happens€to€him.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌÌÌœÓÓà Ø àà 0 àò ò(5)ó ó€€Near›€the€end€of€the€August€22,€1996€hearing€the€trial€judge€madeÐ ˆ,€%( Ðthe€following€comment:ÌÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTHE€œCOURT:€€I›€donððt€want€to€hear€it€because€weððreÏgoing€to€quit€at€6:00,€but€Iððm€going€to€order€that€this€childÏhave€dinner€with€this€man,€and€then€Iððm€going€to€hear€allÏabout€it€tomorrow.€€But€this€is€one€thing€Iððm€going€to€do.€ÏIððm€going€to€enjoin€both€of€these€parties€from€attemptingÏto€alienate€the€affections€from€this€child.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àTheyððre€going€to€continue€this,€and€Iððm€probablyÏgoing€to€have€to€find€that€neither€one€of€them€are€fitÏcustodians.€€I€donððt€think€that€these€things€that€heððs€doneÏin€play€are€appropriate€for€a€parent€to€do€at€all.€€I€donððtÐ ¨9 26 Ðthink€her€having€this€child€in€her€bed€and€having€a€loadedÏœgun›€by€the€bed€is€appropriate€either.€€œSo›€they€both€needÏto€sit€back€and€reassess.€€This€is€not€a€complicatedÏmatter.€€Now,€you€ask€him€about€his€mistreatment€ofÏthese€ex„wives.€€Iððm€interested€in€that.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌÌÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àDr.€Oakley€also€cites€other€instances€in€the€hearings€of€August€22€andÏAugust€30€where€the€trial€judge€made€findings€and€issued€orders€adverse€to€herÏwithout€hearing€any€proof€from€her.€€(An€order€that€the€child€not€sleep€with€her€anyÏmore;€œinstructing›€Mr.€Wilson€how€not€to€answer€a€question€that€indicates€he€thinks€heÏdid€something€wrong;€and€a€finding€that€ð ðitððs€obvious€that€the€child€is€being€alienatedÏby€the€mother.ðð)ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àœA›€fair€trial€is€the€heart€of€due€process.€€œIt,€therefore,€goes›€without€sayingÏthat€a€trial€before€a€biased€or€prejudiced€fact€finder€is€a€denial€of€due€process.€ÏòòœLeighton›€v.€Hendersonóó,€414€S.W.2d€419€(Tenn.€1967).€€But€because€perception€isÐ h` Ðalso€important,€a€party€does€not€have€to€prove€actual€bias€or€prejudice.€€œA›€trial€judgeÏshould€grant€a€motion€of€œrecusal›€where€the€judgeððs€impartiality€might€reasonably€beÏœquestioned.›€€òòAlley€v.€Stateóó,€882€S.W.2d€810€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€See€œRule€10,Ð %  ÐTenn.›€S.€œCt.,›€Canon€œ3E›(1).€€ð ð[œR]ecusal›€is€also€warranted€when€a€person€of€ordinaryÏprudence€€in€the€judgeððs€position,€knowing€all€of€the€facts€known€to€the€judge,€wouldÏfind€a€reasonable€basis€for€questioning€the€judgeððs€œimpartiality.ð𛀀òòAlley€v.€Stateóó,€882Ð ¨* #& ÐS.W.2d€at€820.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àThere€are,€however,€two€important€limitations€on€this€ð ðobjective€viewðð€ofÏa€judgeððs€conduct.€€Bias€or€prejudice€in€the€disqualifying€sense€must€stem€from€anÏextrajudicial€source€and€not€from€what€the€judge€hears€or€sees€during€the€trial.€œ€€òòId.óóÐ 4-0 Ð(quoting›€òòState€ex€rel.€œWesolich›€v.€œGoeke›óó,€794€S.W.2d€692€(Mo.€App.€œ1990);›€òòJackÐ è5à.2 МFarenbaugh›€and€Son€v.€Belmont€Const.€Inc.óó,€194€Ca.€App.€œ3d›€1023€œ(1987)).›€Ð È7À04 ÐOtherwise,€any€judge€that€œmakes›€a€ruling€adverse€to€one€party€would€be€open€to€aÐ ¨9 26 Ðcharge€of€bias.€€In€addition€ð ðimpersonal€prejudice€resulting€from€the€judgeððsÏbackground€experience€does€not€warrant€disqualification.ðð€€òòAlley€v.€Stateóó,€882€S.W.2dÐ èà Ðat€œ821›€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€Most€trial€judges,€we€suspect,€have€strong€feelingsÏabout€certain€types€of€behavior€or€œconduct.€€When€the€judge€perceives€that€one€partyÏor€the€other€has€engaged€in€that€conduct,€the€party€should€not€be€surprised€thatÏhe/she€has€incurred€the€judgeððs€wrath.›ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àViewing€all€these€instances€of€the€trial€judgeððs€conduct€in€the€context€ofÏthis€case,€we€cannot€find€that€the€trial€judge€was€required€to€grant€the€motion€forÏœrecusal›.€€There€is€nothing€in€the€record€that€indicates€the€trial€judge€had€a€personalÏbias€or€prejudice€against€Dr.€Oakley€stemming€from€an€extrajudicial€source.€€The€trialÏjudge€does€have,€obviously,€strong€feelings€about€one€parent€trying€to€destroy€aÏchildððs€relationship€with€the€other€parent.€€That€allegation€had€been€raised€in€theÏhearing€of€August€22.€€We€consider€the€exchange€that€occurred€off€the€record€on€thatÏdate€as€a€warning€to€both€parties€that€custody€of€the€child€might€depend€on€how€wellÏthe€parties€behaved€as€parents;€that€the€judge€would€not€tolerate€attempts€to€poisonÏthe€childððs€mind.€€Although€Dr.€Oakley€says€she€felt€intimidated€by€the€judgeððs€remarksÏher€lawyer€wasnððt€intimidated.€€The€lawyer€filed€an€affidavit€saying€she€viewed€theÏjudgeððs€actions€as€proper,€instructive,€and€applicable€to€both€parties.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àWith€respect€to€the€wiretapping€testimony,€the€record€shows€that€the€trialÏjudge€was€most€critical€of€Mr.€Wilson.€€She€told€him€not€to€do€it,€that€any€evidence€heÏgot€that€œway›€would€be€inadmissible,€and€that€it€was€illegal.€€We€do€not€draw€anyÏinference€of€bias€toward€Dr.€Oakley€from€the€trial€judgeððs€warning€to€Mr.€Wilson€not€toÏincriminate€himself.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àWith€respect€to€the€other€instances€cited€by€Dr.€Oakley,€we€simply€viewÏthem€as€examples€of€how€things€are€likely€to€go€in€a€trial€where€all€parties€tend€to€beÐ ¨9 26 Ðirrational.€€The€trial€judge,€handling€a€busy€docket,€has€to€set€the€ground€œrules€and€theÏproof€may€not€always€be€complete€before€the€ruling.›€€œDeciding›€in€advance€that€theÏœtwelve€year€old›€male€child€should€not€sleep€with€his€mother,€that€the€parties€should€beÏprohibited€from€trying€to€poison€the€childððs€mind,€and€that€the€child€should€be€allowedÏto€have€dinner€alone€with€his€father,€does€not€show€a€bias€toward€one€party€or€theÏother.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àOne€other€matter€deserves€a€special€mention.€€That€is€Dr.€OakleyððsÏassertion€that€the€trial€judge€found€on€August€22,€without€hearing€from€Dr.€Oakley,€thatÏshe€was€obviously€alienating€the€child.€€œConceding›€that€it€was€an€error€to€make€thatÏfinding€of€fact€without€hearing€all€the€proof,€œthe€finding›€was€not€without€someÏfoundation.€€That€allegation€was€the€subject€of€the€hearing,€and€the€trial€judge€heardÏproof€showing€that€the€twelve€year€old€boy€with€a€great€relationship€with€his€father€hadÏin€the€course€of€a€few€weeks€after€the€mother€filed€for€divorce,€turned€into€a€father„¼hater.€€Perhaps€the€trial€œjudge€erred€in€relying€on€her€instincts,ñSñ›ñSñ€but›€we€do€not€considerÏœthat›€preliminary€œconclusion€as›€an€example€of€personal€bias€and€œprejudice€against€theÏmother.›ÌœÌ›à@zz,êàò òIII.ˆÐ È(À!$ Ðà@!!$êàòòThe€Marital€Propertyó óóóˆÐ ¨* #& ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€trial€judge€awarded€Mr.€Wilson€one„half€of€the€equity€in€the€homeÏwhere€the€parties€lived,€some€jet€skis,€and€other€œproperty.€›€œThe›€total€œamounted›€to€56%Ïof€the€marital€estate€„„€or€51%,€depending€on€whose€tabulation€is€correct.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àDr.€Oakley€claims€the€equity€in€the€marital€home€as€her€separateÏâ âproperty.€€Her€claim€is€based€on€a€prenuptial€agreement€signed€by€the€parties€onÐ È7À04 ÐAugust€23,€œ1989,›€in€which€œthey›€agreed€that€any€property€ð ðpartially€or€whollyðð€ownedÏby€either€would€not€be€subject€to€division€in€the€event€of€divorce.Ìâ âÌà Ø àà 0 àSuch€agreements€are€enforceable€if€the€court€finds€that€they€wereÏentered€into€freely,€knowledgeably,€and€in€good€faith.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„3„Ð ˆ€ Ð501.€€The€trial€judge€held€that€this€agreement€was€not€enforceable.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àWe€will€not€examine€in€detail€the€correctness€of€the€trial€judgeððs€holdingÏwith€respect€to€the€œantenuptial›€agreement€because€we€find€it€is€œirrelevant€to€the€issueÏof€the€marital€home.›€€The€proof€shows€that€on€August€22,€1989,€seven€days€before€theÏmarriage,€Dr.€Oakley€signed€a€contract€to€purchase€œa›€house€on€Indian€Creek€RoadÏand€paid€$1,000€in€earnest€money.€€On€August€31,€1989€she€received€œthe›€deed€at€theÏclosing.€€Mr.€Wilson€signed€the€deed€of€trust€in€order€to€allow€the€property€to€beÏœfinanced,›€but€he€did€not€sign€the€note.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àAt€the€trial€the€parties€stipulated€that€the€house€was€worth€$235,000€andÏthe€mortgage€was€$40,935.39.€€The€court€divided€the€equity€evenly€after€giving€Dr.ÏOakley€credit€for€the€$1,000€down€payment.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àWe€are€satisfied€that€the€equity€in€the€home€was€marital€property€andÏthat€the€œantenuptial›€agreement€did€not€affect€it.€€Marital€property€includes€an€increaseÏin€value€of€separate€property€during€the€marriage€if€each€party€substantiallyÏcontributed€to€its€preservation€and€appreciation.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„4„¼121(b)(1)(a).€€Dr.€Oakley€does€not€seriously€dispute€Mr.€Wilsonððs€contribution€to€theÏpreservation€and€appreciation€of€the€equity€in€the€home.€€The€antenuptial€agreementÏcould€only€operate€on€the€separate€property€owned€at€the€time€of€the€agreement.€€AtÏâ âthat€time€Dr.€Oakley€owned,€at€most,€a€$1,000€equity€in€the€house.€€Even€though€theÐ È7À04 Ðagreement€refers€to€property€owned€ð ðpartially€or€whollyðð€by€the€œparties,€that€phrase€inÏan€antenuptial€agreement€cannot€overcome€the€statutory€definition€of€marital€property.Ìâ âÌà Ø àà 0 àDr.€Oakley›€also€asserts€that€the€trial€judge€erred€in€awarding€both€jet€skisÏto€Mr.€Wilson.€€She€concedes€that€one€jet€ski€was€marital€property€but€insists€that€theÏother€was€her€separate€property.€€We€think€she€is€correct€on€this€point.€€œEven€Mr.ÏWilson€listed€one€of€the€jet€skis€as€her€separate€propery.€€Therefore,›€the€judgmentÏawarded€to€Mr.€Wilson€to€œaccomplish€the€courtððs€property€division›€should€be€reducedÏby€$2,000,€the€value€of€the€jet€ski€that€was€Dr.€Oakleyððs€separate€property.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àWith€respect€to€the€overall€division€of€the€marital€property,€we€find€thatÏthe€trial€judge€acted€within€her€discretion€and€that€the€division€was€equitable.ÌÌà@oo-êàò òIV.ˆÐ h` Ðà@­­#êàòòCustody€and€Visitationó óóóˆÐ H!@ ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€final€decree€awarded€custody€to€Dr.€Oakley,€but€it€also€containedÏan€order€that€Mr.€Wilson€could€visit€with€the€child€one€weekend€per€month€from€6:00ÏP.M.€Friday€until€6:00€P.M.€Sunday€and€any€other€time€he€was€going€to€be€in€town€ifÏhe€gave€forty„eight€hours€notice.€€He€could€telephone€the€child€twice€a€week,€and€theÏparties€would€alternate€custody€on€the€major€holidays.€€œAll›€of€the€visitation€privilegesÏgranted€to€Mr.€Wilson€were€ordered€to€be€free€from€œsupervision,›€œand›€Dr.€œOakley›€wasÏordered€to€encourage€the€visitation€and€the€relationship€between€father€and€son.€€SheÏwas€also€enjoined€from€attempting€to€alienate€the€childððs€affections€œfrom›€the€father€andÏfrom€interfering€with€the€court€ordered€visitation.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àœð ðA›€childððs€œinterests›€are€œwell„served›€by€a€custody€and€visitationÏarrangement€that€promotes€the€development€of€relationships€with€both€the€custodialÐ ¨9 26 Ðand€noncustodial€parent.ðð€€òòœPizzillo›€v.€œPizzillo›óó,€884€S.W.2d€749€at€755€(Tenn.€App.Ð  Ð1994).€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„301.€€òòSee€also€œRogero›€v.€Pittóó,€759€œS.W.2d›€109Ð èà Ð(Tenn.€1988).€€Neither€party€disputes€this€statement€as€a€guiding€principle.€€Dr.ÏOakley,€however,€seeks€to€overcome€this€presumption€œon€two€grounds.›€€First,€sheÏinsists€that€unsupervised€visitation€with€Mr.€Wilson€poses€a€danger€to€the€child.€€SheÏbases€this€assertion€on€the€admitted€episodes€of€ð ðbutt„facingðð,€which€she€nowÏcharacterizes€as€sexual€abuse,€and€on€testimony€in€the€record€that€Mr.€WilsonÏphysically€abused€a€former€wife;€that€he€fondled€two€of€his€stepdaughters€duringÏformer€marriages;€and€that€four€years€before€the€divorce€he€fondled€his€wifeððs€elevenÏyear€old€step€niece€and€spied€on€her€as€she€took€a€shower.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€court€specifically€found€that€Mr.€Wilson€had€not€abused€the€minorÏchild.€€Although€the€trial€judge€found€the€œð ðbutt„facingðð›€to€be€offensive€and€ordered€it€toÏstop,€she€found€that€it€was€a€form€of€horseplay€between€Mr.€Wilson€and€his€two€sons.€ÏThe€child€testified€that€he€found€it€offensive,€but€he€had€never€complained€prior€to€trialÏand€he€also€testified€that€it€had€not€happened€in€a€year€or€more.€€The€court€also€foundÏthat€the€charges€of€sexual€abuse€concerning€the€minor€girls€were€unsubstantiatedÏbecause,€even€though€they€allegedly€happened€from€four€to€ten€years€earlier,€noÏcharges€were€ever€brought€against€Mr.€Wilson,€and€the€proof€surfaced€only€after€Mr.ÏWilson€sought€an€order€of€visitation€with€his€son.€€The€trial€judgeððs€findings€withÏrespect€to€these€allegations€are€presumed€to€be€correct.€€œRule›€13(d),€Tenn.€R.€Civ.ÏProc.€€œThe›€findings€have€even€greater€weight€when€they€are€based€on€the€trial€judgeððsÏdetermination€of€witness€credibility.€€òòState€ex€rel.€œBalsinger›€v.€Town€of€œMadisonville›óó,Ð H0@), Ð435€œS.W.2d›€803€œ(Tenn.€1968).›€€We€cannot€find€that€the€evidence€preponderatesÏagainst€the€trial€judgeððs€findings.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àIn€addition,€based€on€the€whole€record,€we€do€not€think€any€rational€trierÏof€fact€could€conclude€that€Mr.€Wilson€poses€a€threat€to€this€child.€€In€seven€years€ofÐ ¨9 26 Ðthe€marriage,€from€the€time€the€child€was€œfive,›€through€times€when€father€and€sonÏwere€alone€for€considerable€periods,€there€is€not€a€whisper€of€anything€improper€inÏtheir€relationship€except€for€the€ð ðbutt„facingðð€incidents.€€To€the€contrary,€all€the€proofÏsuggests€a€close,€loving€relationship,€that€ended€when€Dr.€Oakley€sought€a€divorce.€ÏœThis›€record€simply€does€not€support€a€finding€that€unsupervised€visitation€with€Mr.ÏWilson€puts€the€child€in€danger.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€second€reason€Dr.€Oakley€advances€for€opposing€Mr.€WilsonððsÏvisitation€rights€is€simply€that€the€child€is€against€it.€€We€would€have€to€concede€thatÏthe€child€is€now€alienated€from€his€father.€€But€allowing€minor€children€to€dictate€œa›Ïparentsðð€visitation€rights€is€a€strange€concept.€€As€Mr.€Wilson€points€out,€œif€the€issueÏwas€custody€and€not€just€visitation,€the›€childððs€œstate€of€mind€would€be›€only€one€factorÏthe€courts€should€œconsider.›€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„106.€€It€simply€cannot€be€the€onlyÏfactor€to€consider€in€deciding€visitation€privileges.€€œSo,›€we€reject€this€reason€forÏreversing€the€visitation€order.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àEnforcing€the€order€is€another€matter.€€Dr.€Oakley€argues€that€theÏinjunctions€ordering€her€to€promote€the€relationship€between€father€and€son€andÏordering€her€to€refrain€from€interfering€with€the€visitation€are€at€odds€with€this€courtððsÏdecision€in€òòJones€v.€Jonesóó,€No.€œ01A01›„9607„CV„00346,€filed€in€Nashville€Feb.€26,Ð ¨* #& Ð1997.€€We€are€aware€that€some€courts€are€reading€òòJonesóó€as€a€prohibition€œof€a›€courtÐ ˆ,€%( Мordered›€visit€with€a€non„custodial€parent€against€the€childððs€wishes.€€In€our€view,€thatÏis€an€erroneous€interpretation€of€the€òòJonesóó€decision.€€œBut›€a€fuller€analysis€of€òòJonesóóÐ H0@), Ðmust€await€another€day,€because€the€courtððs€order€in€this€case€is€not€the€same€typeÏof€order€òòJonesóó€dealt€with.€€In€òòJonesóó€the€court€ordered€the€custodial€parent€to€coerceÐ 4-0 Ðthe€children€into€having€a€ð ðmeaningfulðð€visit€with€the€non„custodial€parent,€even€to€theÏpoint€of€filing€an€unruly€child€petition€in€juvenile€court€if€the€child€resisted.€€The€criticalÏparagraph€in€the€opinion€states€as€follows:Ð ¨9 26 ÐÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àà ˆ àThe€trial€court€went€too€far€when€it€ordered€theÏchildren€to€have€ð ðmeaningful€visitationðð€and€when€itÏrequired€the€parents€to€coerce€the€children€to€comply€withÏthe€visitation€schedule.€€Accordingly,€we€modify€the€trialÏcourtððs€visitation€and€custody€decrees€by€deleting€both€theÏrequirement€that€visitation€be€ð ðmeaningfulðð€and€theÏparentsðð€obligation€to€commence€unruly€child€proceedingsÏif€the€children€do€not€cooperate€with€visitation.€€œSince›€theÏpartiesðð€oldest€child€has€now€reached€the€age€of€majority,Ïthe€partiesðð€only€remaining€obligations€are€to€refrain€fromÏdisparaging€each€other€in€the€presence€of€their€childrenÏand€to€cooperate€with€their€respective€efforts€to€haveÏvisitation€in€the€manner€prescribed€by€the€trial€court.€€TheÏparents€should€not€be€required€to€force€their€children€toÏengage€in€visitation€against€their€wishes.Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌòòJones€v.€Jonesóó,€slip€op.€4.Ð  ÐÌÌÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àThe€injunctions€in€this€case€do€not€go€that€far.€€They€are€in€fact€more€likeÏthe€remaining€orders€in€òòJonesóó€after€we€reversed€the€more€radical€part.Ð ¨  ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àWe€recognize€that€a€court€has€a€near„impossible€job€trying€to€mendÏbroken€relationships.€€But€if€we€believe€the€childððs€relationship€to€both€parents€isÏimportant,€we€think€the€trial€courts€have€the€authority€to€order€a€custodial€parent€toÏpromote€the€relationship€with€the€other€parent€and€to€refrain€from€interfering€with€theÏnon„custodial€parentððs€visitation€privileges.€€As€we€read€the€record,€that€is€what€theÏtrial€judge€did€in€this€case.ÌÌà@‹‹-êàò òV.ˆÐ ˆ,€%( Ðà@©©êàòòThe€Constitutionality€of€the€Injunctionsóóó óˆÐ h.`'* ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àDr.€Oakley€challenges€the€injunctions€entered€in€this€case€because€(1)Ïthey€are€beyond€the€scope€of€the€pleadings;€(2)€they€are€unconstitutionally€vague;€(3)Ïthere€is€no€evidence€that€any€state€of€affection€existed€between€the€child€and€Mr.ÏWilson€when€the€injunctions€were€issued;€and€(4)€Rule€65.07,€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€Proc.€isÏunconstitutional€because€it€fails€to€provide€minimum€due€process€guarantees.Ð ¨9 26 Їà Ø àà 0 àWe€will€deal€with€the€last€first.€€œAfter›€laying€down€rules€about€restrainingÏorders€and€temporary€injunctions€and€providing€certain€procedural€safeguards,€œRuleÏ65,€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€Proc.ñJññHñ,ñHññJñ€›€then€provides€that€the€procedural€safeguards€may€be€ignoredÏin€domestic€relations€cases€if€the€trial€court€deems€œit€just›€and€proper€to€do€so.€€RuleÏ65.07,€Tenn.€R.€Civ.€Proc.€€Dr.€Oakley€contends€that€allowing€a€trial€court€to€interfereÏwith€vested€rights€without€providing€a€litigant€in€a€domestic€relations€case€any€noticeÏof€the€proposed€action€violates€the€fundamental€rights€protected€by€due€process.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àThe€state€attorney€general€appeared€and€moved€to€dismiss€thisÏchallenge€to€Rule€65.07.€€The€stateððs€position€is€that€the€rule,€having€beenÏpromulgated€by€the€Supreme€Court,€can€only€be€challenged€by€a€petition€in€theÏSupreme€Court.€€This€is€the€result€reached€in€òòœBarger›€v.€Brockóó,€535€œS.W.2d›€337€(Tenn.Ð ¨  Ð1976),€in€which€a€group€of€attorneys€challenged,€on€constitutional€grounds,€a€SupremeÏCourt€rule€that€imposed€an€annual€fee€on€lawyers.€€The€Supreme€Court€said:ÌÓÓà8 Ø àà80 Ø ü!Ø ü!àWe€hold€that€the€inferior€courts€of€the€state€may€notÏentertain€any€suit€or€action€challenging€the€validity€of€anyÏRule€of€this€Court.€€Such€a€suit€would€be€in€the€nature€ofÏa€bill€of€review€or€to€impeach€a€judgment€of€this€Court€œ.ñKñ€ñKñ.ñLñ›€ñLñ.›€Ð 0 ¤0 ¤ ÐÌÓÓ535€œS.W.2d›€at€œñMñ3ñMññNñ7ñNñ42.›€€Quoting€a€Florida€decision,€the€Court€said€that€until€the€rules€areÏchanged€by€the€source€of€authority,€they€remain€inviolate.€€The€proper€way€toÏchallenge€the€rule€is€by€a€petition€to€the€Supreme€Court.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àWe€are€of€the€opinion€that€we€are€bound€by€the€òòœBarger›óó€decision€toÐ x-p&) Ðdismiss€this€challenge€to€Rule€65.07.€€Until€the€rule€is€changed€by€the€Supreme€Court,Ïwe€must€presume€that€it€is€valid.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àIf€the€rule€is€valid,€there€can€be€no€objection€that€the€injunction€exceededÏthe€scope€of€the€pleadings€or€that€there€was€no€proof€that€the€child€had€any€affectionÏfor€Mr.€Wilson.€€We€think€that€at€a€preliminary€stage€of€a€domestic€relations€case,Ð ¸8°15 Ðwhere€the€trial€court€learns€(by€pleadings€or€by€statements€in€open€court)€that€aÏcontroversy€has€arisen€over€one€parentððs€attempt€to€alienate€the€child€from€the€otherÏparent,€the€trial€judge€may€enjoin€the€parties€not€to€engage€in€such€offensive€conduct.€ÏœRule›€65.07€provides€the€trial€judge€with€that€flexibility.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àAs€to€the€vagueness€charge,€Dr.€Oakley€says€that€the€order€prohibitingÏher€from€ð ðattempting€to€alienate€the€affections€of€this€child€to€the€father€in€any€mannerÏwhatsoeverðð€lacks€sufficient€detail€to€convey€what€the€court€expects€of€her.€€òòSee€JonesÐ (  Ðv.€Jonesóó,€No.€œ01A01›„9607„CV„00346€(filed€at€Nashville€Feb.€26,€1997).€€We€think,Ð  Ðhowever,€the€injunction€is€sufficiently€clear€to€provide€a€reasonable€guide€for€a€parentððsÏpersonal€conduct.ÌÌà@oo-êàò òVI.ó óˆÐ ˆ€ ÐÌà Ø àà 0 àDr.€Oakley€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€awarding€$15,000€to€Mr.ÏWilson€to€help€pay€his€attorneyððs€fees.€€First,€she€attacks€the€form€of€the€œaward,›Ïœspecifically›€the€fact€that€the€final€decree€awards€Mr.€Wilsonððs€attorney€a€judgmentÏagainst€Dr.€Oakley.€€In€this€contention,€we€think€Dr.€Oakley€is€correct.€€œThe›€attorneyÏis€not€a€party€to€this€action,€so€any€award€should€run€to€Mr.€Wilson€and€not€hisÏattorney.€€The€lower€courtððs€judgment€should€be€modified€to€that€extent.ÌÌà Ø àà 0 àAs€to€the€merits€of€the€award,€however,€we€think€the€trial€judge€actedÏwithin€her€œdiscretionñOñ€in›€making›€the›€awardñOñ.›€€òòSee€œLuna›€v.€œLuna›óó,€718€œS.W.2d›€673€(Tenn.€App.€1986).€€EvenÐ H0@), Ðwhere€one€spouse€receives€substantial€assets€in€the€property€division,€the€court€mayÏaward€an€attorneyððs€fee€to€allow€that€spouse€to€preserve€œthose›€œassets.›€€òòLancaster€v.Ð 4-0 ÐLancasteróó,€671€œS.W.2d›€501€(Tenn.€App.€1984).Ð è5à.2 Ðâ âÐ È7À04 Ðà Ø àà 0 àMr.€Wilson€asks€the€court€to€award€him€an€additional€amount€to€coverÏâ âhis€legal€expenses€on€appeal.€€Dr.€Oakley€seeks€the€same€from€Mr.€Wilson.€€We€areÏsatisfied,€however,€that€both€applications€should€be€denied.€€Mr.€Wilson€asserts€thatÏthis€is€a€frivolous€appeal€as€described€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€27„1„122.€€We€disagree.€ÏÌœñPñÌñPñ›à Ø àà 0 àThe€judgment€of€the€court€below€is€modified€to€give€Dr.€Oakley€a€$2,000Ïcredit€for€the€jet€ski€œawarded›€to€Mr.€Wilson€that€both€parties€œrecognized›€as€Dr.ÏOakleyððs€separate€property.€€In€addition€the€judgment€for€the€$15,000€in€attorneyððsÏfees€should€run€in€favor€of€Mr.€Wilson€and€not€his€attorney.€€In€all€other€respects€theÏjudgment€is€affirmed€and€the€cause€is€remanded€to€the€Circuit€Court€of€DavidsonÏCounty€for€further€proceedings.€€Tax€the€costs€on€appeal€to€Dr.€Oakley.ÌœÌÌ›ÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àà è à____________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àà è àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌÌœÌCONCUR:›ÌÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌHENRY€F.€TODD,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌMIDDLE€SECTIONÌÌÌÌœÌ_______________________________›ÌWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEÌÐ  (2 +. ÐÑÜÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼'ó¼XXyQÔò òà@êê.êàœñTñIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ Ü Ðà@™™(êàAT€NASHVILLEñTñó óñTñÔ€XyQX¼¼'óԈРò ÐÌÌÌÌJENNIFER€O.€WILSON€(OAKLEY),à  à)Ð È ì Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)Ìà Ø àPlaintiff/Appellant,à à àà 8 àà  à)à è àAppeal€No.Ð ¨ Ì Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è à01„a„01„9707„CV„00325Ð ˜¼  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àÐ ˆ¬  ÐVS.à Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àDavidson€CircuitÐ xœ  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àNo.€96D„1850Ð hŒ  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à)à è àÐ X|  ÐLARRY€ARNOLD€WILSON,à 8 àà  à)à è àAffirmed€as€Modifiedà H! àà  # àÐ Hl  Ðà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àœ)à è àand€Remanded›Ð 8\ Ðà Ø àDefendant/Appellee.à 8 àà  à)Ð (L ÐÌÔ€¼'ó¼XXyQÔò òòòà@uu'êàJ€U€D€G€M€E€N€Tóóó óˆÐ , ÐÌÔ€XyQX¼¼'óÔÓÓà Ø àà 0 àThis€cause€came€on€to€be€heard€upon€the€record€on€appeal€from€theÐ 4X ÐCircuit€Court€of€Davidson€County,€briefs€and€argument€of€counsel;€upon€considerationÏwhereof,€this€Court€is€of€the€opinion€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€should€beÏmodified€to€award€Dr.€Oakley€a€$2,000€credit€for€the€jet€ski€and€to€œmañQñkñQññTññRñdñRññTñe€the€judgmentÏfor€attorneyððs€fees€run€to›€Mr.€œWilson.›€€In€all€other€respects€the€judgment€of€the€trialÏcourt€is€affirmed.Ìà Ø àà 0 àIn€accordance€with€the€opinion€of€the€Court€filed€herein,€it€is,€therefore,Ïordered€and€decreed€by€this€Court€that€the€judgment€is€affirmed€as€modified.€€TheÏcause€is€remanded€to€the€Circuit€Court€of€Davidson€County€for€the€execution€of€theÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court€and€for€the€collection€of€costs€accrued€below.Ìà Ø àà 0 àCosts€of€this€appeal€are€taxed€against€Jennifer€Oakley,€Principal,€andÏJ.€Russell€œHeldman›,€Surety,€for€which€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.ÌÌÓÓà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àHENRY€F.€TODD,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àMIDDLE€SECTIONÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àBEN€H.€CANTRELL,€JUDGEÌÌÌà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  à________________________________Ìà Ø àà 0 àà ˆ àà à àà 8 àà  àWILLIAM€B.€CAIN,€JUDGEÌñTñ›