ÿWPCë ¶fq€OƒÔT—›G`ÀSÂVÇÞ¦¶éÂ`WÒ€;bˆ&Ì®Ãj]yè^Õ‹Ìít½±dǶ~<Ñ­ÒÓZÓ!Y´k­ż4}3Ô{ÀªdëúïÁ®\j €à{Î÷ÿù}ÇOý†õB‚Ûí•KˆkïQ躋;–«Z)µ÷Ä`Ɇ!Éz@K­Ú”B Jôîc(¬J£¶< ÇYÏ^³ü¢–N•Ú[¹®Û{mÉ}›¯h¥6K_ü¶Òg¾“„9ÃݶRF˜áQW„G(id‰ñm¬/¯_£ ˜ÚtäÚê¶®ºú‘"B™mCžÇX_åù˜]ó¼3…ÔËt1è-¤ŒšéÍßÍ1¤¯(•ð®Xxî÷0üØ\À&5WÈm ÅÅôØÌ çaˆ›âvÓ _ñ›£Ú—Øúø¹E/Ò<8:u\ï>ì{t¤ãý„H65y«hÓ‘þÖÿÊžÐÔ0bx‰•z[öô+ަB«ÔF߃ ¡ä54Ø^6†È.0÷‘¨îÔ»…§Þ€MÍ|Bf6ÚߘVäW°édíV+î”ãv¦þâõë,Íi>3ÌCOë¥ÿm¯6â£'^š¢+òc¯5Ö™)# >UNI %— 0(w@Å4( 0l0 0DœUNàL.wz ñ Æ (ÐU:øøøøøøøøøøøøøø AQ2 Bƒ 0D  0Dä 0D(( D/ll B› D3¸˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLlÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ I J KL£MNDOUPDQÓ€] n~<$%%&&''((3|x]((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular BÝ ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€custody€and€visitation€arrangement€ordered€by€the€trial€court€has€been€frustrated€byÐ ° Ðongoing€conflict€and€a€general€lack€of€cooperation€between€Woolsey€and€McPherson.€€This€isÏevidenced€by€numerous€petitions€and€motions€filed€by€the€parties€in€this€cause.€€They€include€asÏfollows:€ð ðPetition€For€Citation€For€Contempt,ðð€ð ðMotion€For€Protective€Order,ðð€ð ðPetition€ForÏImmediate€Injunctive€Relief,ðð€ð ðPetition€To€Cite€Virginia€Lynn€Woolsey€In€Contempt,ððÏð ðAmended€Petition€For€Contempt€And€Petition€For€Change€Of€Custody,ðð€ð ðMotion€To€CompelÏDiscovery€And€For€Sanctions,ðð€ð ðPetition€To€Modify€Christmas€Vacation€And€Extend€VisitationÏTo€Allow€Visitation€With€Paternal€Grandparents,ðð€ð ðMotion€For€Temporary€Modification€OfÏVisitation€Order,ðð€ð ðPetition€To€Cite€Respondent€In€Contempt,ðð€ð ðPetition€For€Citation€ForÏContempt€Of€Court,ðð€ð ðPetition€To€Appoint€Guardian€Ad€Litem€And€To€Enforce€Court€OrdersÏWith€Respect€To€Psychological€Evaluations€And€Joint€Counseling,ðð€ð ðPetition€For€ChristmasÏVacation€And€Makeup€Wednesday€Night€Visitation,ðð€ð ðAmendment€To€Petition€RegardingÏChristmas€Visitation€And€Wednesday€Makeup€Visitation,ðð€and€ð ðPetition€For€Contempt€And€ForÏSpecific€Visitation.ðð mÝ ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝIn€1996,€the€Department€of€Human€Services€was€replaced€by€the€Department€ofÐ ° ÐChildrenððs€Services.€€òòò òSeeóóó ó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„5„101€(1996).€€For€purposes€of€this€opinion,€weÐ  ð Ðwill€refer€to€this€entity€as€the€Department€of€Human€Services€or€DHS. Ý ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThis€team€consisted€of€a€social€worker,€a€psychological€examiner,€two€psychologists,€andÐ ° Ða€psychiatrist.€€The€social€worker,€Joanna€E.€Morat,€interviewed€Woolsey,€McPherson,€Jennifer,Ïand€Woolseyððs€father.€€Earle€Donelson,€the€psychological€examiner,€interviewed€Woolsey€andÐ à  Ðevaluated€her€performance€on€a€variety€of€psychological€tests.€€Dr.€Koranek,€a€psychologist,Ïinterviewed€McPherson€and€evaluated€his€performance€on€a€variety€of€psychological€tests.€€Dr.ÏGentry,€also€a€psychologist,€reviewed€the€test€data€obtained€by€Earle€Donelson€and€participatedÏin€the€writing€of€Donelsonððs€report.€€Dr.€Holman,€the€psychiatrist,€interviewed€Jennifer.€€AfterÏthese€individual€interviews€were€concluded,€the€five€team€members€met€to€assess€the€case€andÏmake€recommendations€regarding€Jenniferððs€welfare.€€These€findings€and€recommendations€areÏcontained€in€a€final€ð ðMultidisciplinary€Team€Reportðð€dated€May€22,€1996.€€ƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Ý ƒ!¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€X&YXXXÔÔ€ù; XX&YÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X&YX ù;ÔÐ  ÐÌò òNovember€2,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ô¶š ôXX&YÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular!"#%Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ d(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd 'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝñQñ›ñQñÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓ'°,X°À”X°œX'Óò òñ]ññQñßr€(<,(j 8` `€€@Eȱ` ttx$°ð ÕrßñQññ]ññ]ññ]ññ]ññQñ›ñQññ]ññ]ññ]ññ]ñ›ñ]ññ]ññ]ññ]ñ›ñ]ññ]ññ]ññ]ñ›ñ]ññ]ñßt€(>.*jxܦ` `€€@E¤V` ttx$ܰРz tß›ñ]ñà@O O ìàIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEE,€ˆÌà@kk%ìàAT€JACKSONó óˆÐ œì ÐÌà@. . ìà_______________________________________________________ˆÌÌà À à)Ìò òVIRGINIA€LYNN€WOOLSEYó ó,à À à)à  àShelby€County€Juvenile€CourtÐ 8 ˆ Ðà À à)à  àNo.€C„4930Ð ( x Ѐ€€€€Plaintiff/Appellant.à À à)Ð  d Ðà À à)ÌVS.à À à)à  àC.A.€No.€02A01„9706„JV„00125Ð ì <  Ðà À à)Ìò òDOUGLAS€HARMON€McPHERSONó ó,à À à)Ð Ä  Ðà À à)Ì€€€€€Defendant/Appellee.à À à)Ð  ð  Ðà À à)Ì______________________________________________________________________________ÌÌFrom€the€Juvenile€Court€of€Shelby€County€at€MemphisÌò òHonorable€A.€V.€€McDowell,€Special€Judge€ó óÐ <Œ ÐÌÌÌò òWilburt€J.€Chiapellaó ó,€Memphis,€TennesseeÐ ì< ÐAttorney€for€Plaintiff/Appellant.ÌÌÌò òKimbrough€B.€Mullinsó ó,€Memphis,€TennesseeÐ  ð Ðò òDavid€E.€Caywoodó ó,€Memphis,€TennesseeÐ à ÐAttorneys€for€Defendant/Appellee.ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:ÌÌò òAFFIRMED€AND€REMANDEDó óÐ %X # ÐÌÌà À àò òFARMER,€J.ó óÐ Ì'#& ÐÌò òCRAWFORD,€P.J.,€W.S.ó ó:€(Concurs)Ð ¤)ô$( Ðò òTOMLIN,€œSp.›€J.ó ó:€œ(Concurs)Ð ”*ä%) ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÐ 0;€6; ЛñHññGñÓ3°,X°` À”X°,X°À”X3ÓñGññHññIññHñÓ6°,X°` ¸ À”X°,X°À”X6ÓñHññIññJññIñÓ6°,X°` ‚XÀ”X°,X°À”X6ÓñIññJññJñÓ0°,X°` ˜X°,X°À”X0ÓñJññKñÓÓñKññLñÓ  ÓœñLññMñÔ‡ X…”XXXÔà ` àPlaintiff€Virginia€Lynn€Woolsey€appeals€the€trial€courtððs€order€removing€JenniferÐ ° ÐMcPherson€from€her€custody€and€placing€the€child€in€the€custody€of€Defendant€Douglas€HarmonÏMcPherson.€€McPherson€appeals€the€trial€courtððs€order€requiring€him€to€pay€the€$15,000€fee€of€theÏGuardian€ad€Litem.€€We€affirm€in€all€respects.ÌÌà@bbìàò òòòI.€€Procedural€HistoryˆÐ `  ÐÌó óóóà ` àJennifer€McPherson,€the€nonmarital€child€of€Woolsey€and€McPherson,€was€born€onÐ Ð  ÐNovember€13,€1991.€€On€May€20,€1992,€Woolsey€brought€an€action€to€establish€Jenniferððs€paternity.€ÏThe€matter€was€heard€by€a€juvenile€court€referee€who€found€that€McPherson€was€Jenniferððs€fatherÏand€issued€recommendations€under€which€McPherson€would€have€visitation€with€Jennifer.€€WoolseyÏthen€requested€that€the€matter€be€reheard€by€a€judge.€€After€a€rehearing,€the€trial€judge€issued€anÏorder€consistent€with€the€recommendations€of€the€referee.׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€On€April€16,€1993,€McPherson€filed€aÐ 0€ Ðpetition€for€a€change€of€custody.€€After€hearing€the€petition€for€a€change€of€custody€on€October€12,Ï1993,€the€trial€court€took€the€matter€under€advisement€and€issued€a€temporary€order€providing€thatÏcustody€of€Jennifer€should€remain€with€Woolsey.€€A€final€order€was€entered€on€August€2,€1994Ïvoluntarily€dismissing€McPhersonððs€petition€for€a€change€of€custody.€€McPherson€filed€a€secondÏpetition€for€a€change€of€custody€on€April€30,€1996.€€After€hearing€twenty„two€days€of€testimony€fromÏtwenty„six€witnesses€and€examining€ninety„seven€trial€exhibits,€the€court€granted€McPhersonððsÏpetition€to€change€custody€and€ordered€McPherson€to€pay€the€fee€of€the€Guardian€ad€Litem.€ÏWoolsey€appeals€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€with€respect€to€the€change€of€custody€and€McPhersonÏappeals€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€regarding€the€payment€of€the€Guardian€ad€Litemððs€fee.€€Both€WoolseyÐ ,`'* Ðand€McPherson€request€reimbursement€from€the€other€party€for€attorney€fees€and€other€expensesÏassociated€with€this€appeal.ÌÌà@==ìàò òòòII.€€Change€of€CustodyˆÐ P   ÐÌà ` àóóó óAs€an€initial€matter,€we€note€that€trial€courts€have€wide€discretion€in€cases€involvingÐ `  Ðchild€custody.€€ò òòòSee,€e.g.,€Gaskill€v.€Gaskill,€óóó ó936€S.W.2d€626,€631€(Tenn.€App.€1996);€Tenn.€CodeÐ ð@  ÐAnn.€ðð€36„6„101(a)(2)€(Supp.€1997)(providing€that€the€trial€court€ð ðshall€have€the€widest€discretionÏto€order€a€custody€arrangement€that€is€in€the€best€interest€of€the€childðð).€€Consistent€with€this€generalÏprinciple,€our€review€of€the€instant€case€is€ò òòòde€novo€óóó óon€the€record,€accompanied€by€a€presumption€ofÐ à Ðcorrectness€of€the€findings€below.€€ò òòòSee,€e.g.,€Gaskill,€óóó ó936€S.W.2d€at€631.€€We€may€not€reverse€theÐ pÀ Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court€unless€it€is€contrary€to€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence.€€ò òòòSee€Haas€v.Ð P  ÐKnighton,€ó óóó676€S.W.2d€554,€555€(Tenn.€1984);€T.R.A.P.€13(d).€€Ð 0€ ÐÌà ` àIn€matters€of€initial€child€custody,€the€trial€court€seeks€to€determine€what€would€beÏin€the€best€interest€of€the€child.€€ò òòòSee,€e.g.,€Varley€v.€Varley,€óóó ó934€S.W.2d€659,€665€(Tenn.€App.Ð Ð  Ð1996)(citing€ò òòòKoch€v.€Koch,€óóó ó874€S.W.2d€571,€575€(Tenn.€App.€1993));€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€36„6„106Ð °"  Ð(1996).€€This€determination€is€based€on€the€courtððs€assessment€of€the€comparative€fitness€of€theÏparties€seeking€custody€in€light€of€the€particular€circumstances€of€the€case.€€ò òòòSee€Ruyle€v.€Ruyle,€ó óóó928Ð p&À!$ ÐS.W.2d€439,€442€(Tenn.€App.€1996);€ò òòòMatter€of€Parsons,€ó óóó914€S.W.2d€889,€893€(Tenn.€App.€1995).€Ð P( #& ÐWhen€making€this€assessment,€the€court€will€consider€all€relevant€factors,€including€the€following:ÌÌÓÓà8 ` àà ¸ à(1)€The€love,€affection€and€emotional€ties€existing€between€theÏparents€and€child;Ð ` x` x Ðà8 ` àà ¸ à(2)€The€disposition€of€the€parents€to€provide€the€child€withÏfood,€clothing,€medical€care,€education€and€other€necessary€care€andÏthe€degree€to€which€a€parent€has€been€the€primary€caregiver;Ð ` x` x Ðà8 ` àà ¸ à(3)€The€importance€of€continuity€in€the€childððs€life€and€theÏlength€of€time€the€child€has€lived€in€a€stable,€satisfactoryÏenvironment;Ð ` x` x Ðà8 ` àà ¸ à(4)€The€stability€of€the€family€unit€of€the€parents;Ð ` x` x Ðà0 ` àà ¸ à(5)€The€mental€and€physical€health€of€the€parents;Ð ` (#` (# Ðà8 ` àà ¸ à(6)€The€home,€school€and€community€record€of€the€child;Ð ` x` x Ðà8 ` àà ¸ à(7)€The€reasonable€preference€of€the€child€if€twelve€(12)€yearsÏof€age€or€older.€€The€court€may€hear€the€preference€of€a€younger€childÏupon€request.€€The€preferences€of€older€children€should€normally€beÏgiven€greater€weight€than€those€of€younger€children;Ð ` x` x Ðà8 ` àà ¸ à(8)€Evidence€of€physical€or€emotional€abuse€to€the€child,€toÐ