ÿWPC, \ç·þc ­“{Å~’{Å>LÏ[x(ýñ¥7 ñNMo#ÑSfHG"Æà"ù´ïz:îðEσû´õU 4ú. ƒÜv€Ô|\©Õ™uVG”|ä2@¬0¾ µI¤)õ+&‰ჯãÖÛuÚÅòjŒ"æã˜Âo ‚ ¼^_¦û‹u Ûj‘éàî¿Pã^iÓ7« ¼Æ a9¯VZsÚÝHRH¹ž}÷Ãiè¾¾…å²n œU¢„è-',ER¬SqæC!‚µ&*Å+ ob´x>³ µ|¬hÚu‡Ynù ÒPÿ®>}®yyäH$œ}…ð¶ÄùëˆÑÖâ4cCN­]ÓÜM÷€F±j2ÕÁ…äNòdmñNõ÷E m                       b!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 0ë)))) B 0¤1 D3Õ D- 0K55 AS€ÆÓ 0¤™ 0D= A«˜\\ib01s01\clerk1nasÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular{œ1î  ÃÝ ƒRA$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôåíò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€The€chancellor€entered€an€order€on€November€21,€2002,€pursuant€to€section€4„5„322(c)€of€the€Tennessee€Code,Ð ° Ðstaying€the€Boardððs€decision€as€to€the€probation€of€Dr.€Wrightððs€license,€the€supervision€of€Dr.€Wrightððs€practice,€andÐ tÄ Ðthe€$1,000.00€civil€penalty.€€Following€the€issuance€of€the€chancery€courtððs€order,€Dr.€Wright€filed€a€motion,€pursuantÐ 8ˆ Ðto€Rule€62€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Civil€Procedure,€asking€the€chancellor€to€stay€enforcement€of€the€Boardððs€sanctions.€Ð üL ÐDespite€the€Boardððs€objection,€the€chancery€court€entered€an€order€continuing€the€stay€from€its€prior€ruling€with€theÐ À Ðcondition€that€Dr.€Wright€post€a€bond€in€the€amount€of€$1,000.00€to€be€forfeited€in€the€event€of€future€ethical€violations.€Ð „Ô ÐThe€chancery€court€did€not€stay€the€requirement€that€Dr.€Wright€complete€twenty€hours€of€continuing€education.€€At€theÐ H ˜ Ðtime€this€case€was€heard€on€appeal,€Dr.€Wright€had€completed€the€continuing€education€requirement.€€€ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt Ý ƒRA$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôåíò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€For€purposes€of€this€appeal€we€will€refer€to€the€patient€by€her€initials€in€order€to€protect€her€confidentialityÐ ° Ðand€privacy.€€INŽ1ê:i¢Ø+00(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 çÝ ƒRA$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôåíò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€The€Tennessee€Psychology€Practice€Act€provides€that€ð ð[a]ll€proceedings€for€disciplinary€action€against€aÐ ° Ðlicensee€or€certified€person€under€this€chapter€shall€be€conducted€in€accordance€with€the€Uniform€AdministrativeÐ tÄ ÐProcedures€Act,€compiled€in€title€4,€chapter€5.ðð€€òòTenn.€Code€Annóó.€ðð€63„11„216€(2003).€€3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ- ù-(|G2A$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€W5»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôåíò»»Ô d(|3‡|$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€W5»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3‡|$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€W5»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€W5»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼W5»»»ÔÑ8€YXXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ü ü ìàÔ‡îL¬î»¼W5ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼W5»îîL¬ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓAUGUST€3,€2004€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XYX»¼W5ÔÌò òÔ#†¼W5»XXYó#ÔFRED€H.€WRIGHT,€Ô_ÔPh.DÔ_Ôòòóó€v.€TENNESSEE€BOARD€OF€EXAMINERS€INÐ úJ ÐPSYCHOLOGYòòóóÔ‡XYX»¼W5Ôó óÐ  ^ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Chancery€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ  ^ Ðà@@øøìàNo.€02„3172„1€€€€€€Irvin€H.€Ô_ÔKilcreaseÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€ChancellorÐ ú J ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<½` AßÐ ¾  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2003„01654„Ô_ÔCOAÔ_Ô„R3„CV€„€Filed€December€28,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ÔÐ ¹  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<` AßÐ ‘á  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡XYXXXYÔThe€Tennessee€Board€of€Examiners€in€Psychology€received€a€complaint€from€the€patient€of€aÐ ŒÜ Ðpsychologist€alleging€the€psychologist€breached€the€ethical€duty€of€confidentiality€by€disclosingÐ xÈ Ðinformation€to€the€patientððs€sister.€€During€the€course€of€the€investigation,€the€psychologist€revealedÐ d´ Ðthat€he€had€disclosed€confidential€information€about€the€same€patient€to€another€psychologistÐ P  Ðromantically€involved€with€the€patient.€€The€board€filed€charges€against€the€psychologist€allegingÐ <Œ Ðviolations€of€the€ethical€rules€governing€confidentiality€and€documentation€of€therapy.€€FollowingÐ (x Ðan€administrative€hearing,€the€board€placed€the€psychologistððs€license€on€probation€for€two€yearsÐ d Ðsubject€to€two€conditions:€(1)€he€complete€twenty€hours€of€continuing€education€training€and€(2)€hisÐ P Ðpractice€be€supervised€during€the€two€year€probationary€period€by€another€psychologist.€€In€addition,Ð ì< Ðthe€board€assessed€a€$1,000.00€civil€penalty€against€the€psychologist.€€The€psychologist€appealed€theÐ Ø( Ðboardððs€decision€to€the€Chancery€Court€of€Davidson€County€which€affirmed€the€boardððs€decision.€Ð Ä ÐThe€psychologist€appealed€to€this€Court.€€We€affirm.€€Ð ° ÐÔ#†XYXXXY?#ÔÔ#†¼W5»XXY»#ÔÔ‡XYX»¼W5ÔÌÓ3ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.;€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Chancery€Court€Affirmedó óÐ t Ä ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼W5»àXY #ÔÔ‡XYX.¼W5ÔAlan€E.€Ô_ÔHighersÔ_Ô,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€R.€Farmer,€J.,óó€and€òòHollyÐ L"œ! ÐM.€Kirby,€J.óó,€joined.Ð 8#ˆ" ÐÌErskine€P.€Ô_ÔMabeeÔ_Ô,€Chattanooga,€TN,€for€AppellantÐ %` $ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter,€Sue€A.€Sheldon,€Senior€Counsel,€Nashville,€TN,Ð è&8"& Ðfor€AppelleeÐ Ô'$#' ÐÓ¯ ÓÌò òÌÌÌÌÐ \-¬(-ý ÐÔ_ÔOPINIONó óÔ#†¼W5»XXYÞ #ÔÔ‡XYX»¼W5ÔÐ ° ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼W5»XXY2#ÔÔ‡XYX»¼W5ÔÓ  Óò òÔ‡XYXXXYÔà@v v ìàFactual€Background€and€Procedural€HistoryˆÐ ˆØ ÐÌÌó óà  àFred€H.€Wright,€Ph.D.€(ð ðAppellantðð€or€ð ðDr.€Wrightðð)€has€been€a€licensed€psychologistÐ L œ Ðpracticing€in€the€State€of€Tennessee€(the€ð ðStateðð)€since€May€of€1973,€with€a€majority€of€hisÐ 8 ˆ Ðprofessional€career€spent€practicing€in€Chattanooga,€Tennessee.€€Except€for€the€present€action,€theÐ $ t ÐState€has€never€taken€disciplinary€action€against€Dr.€Wright€or€his€license.€€€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àDr.€Wright€began€treating€C.W.B.׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€in€1976€following€her€release€from€a€mental€healthÐ è 8  Ðfacility.€€When€C.W.B.€came€into€Dr.€Wrightððs€care,€she€presented€mental€health€problems€relatedÐ Ô$  Ðto€depression,€suicidal€ideation,€and€violent€eruptions€against€her€husband.€€During€the€course€ofÐ À  Ðtreatment,€Dr.€Wright€tried€to€meet€with€C.W.B.€on€a€weekly€basis,€but€their€visits€were€notÐ ¬ü  Ðconsistent€because€C.W.B.€lived€outside€Tennessee.€€Dr.€Wright€treated€C.W.B.€from€1976€untilÐ ˜è  Ð1997,€approximately€twenty„one€years,€which€he€described€as€the€longest€therapeutic€relationshipÐ „Ô  Ðhe€ever€had€with€a€patient.€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àIn€November€1997,€C.W.B.€abruptly€ended€her€relationship€with€Dr.€Wright.€€Just€prior€toÐ H˜ Ðending€their€relationship,€C.W.B.€learned€that€Dr.€Wright€received€a€telephone€call€from€C.W.B.ððsÐ 4„ Ðsister€asking€his€opinion€as€to€whether€C.W.B.€would€qualify€for€Social€Security€disability€benefits.€Ð  p ÐC.W.B.€and€her€sister€had€a€relationship€which€Dr.€Wright€described€as€ð ðterrible,€hostile.ðð€€Dr.Ð  \ ÐWright€conveyed€to€C.W.B.ððs€sister€that€he€felt€C.W.B.€could€qualify€for€disability€benefits€andÐ øH Ðcommented€on€C.W.B.ððs€psychological€and€physical€status.€€Dr.€Wright€admits€that€C.W.B.€did€notÐ ä4 Ðgive€him€prior€authorization€to€reveal€to€the€sister€that€he€was€C.W.B.ððs€treating€psychologist€or€toÐ Ð  Ðdiscuss€her€treatment€with€the€sister.€€In€fact,€Dr.€Wright€received€telephone€calls€from€C.W.B.ððsÐ ¼  Ðmother€during€the€course€of€treating€C.W.B.,€but€he€refused€to€reveal€any€information€to€the€mother.€Ð ¨ø ÐAccording€to€Dr.€Wright,€he€felt€that,€by€speaking€with€C.W.B.ððs€sister,€he€could€ameliorate€anyÐ ”ä Ðanimosity€between€them.€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àAfter€learning€of€Dr.€Wrightððs€conversation€with€her€sister,€C.W.B.€filed€a€complaint€againstÐ X ¨ ÐDr.€Wright€with€the€Tennessee€Board€of€Examiners€in€Psychology€(the€ð ðBoardðð).€€During€the€courseÐ D!” Ðof€the€Boardððs€investigation,€Dr.€Wright€voluntarily€disclosed€to€the€investigator€that€he€hadÐ 0"€  Ðpreviously€discussed€C.W.B.€with€a€fellow€psychologist€as€well.€€Apparently€C.W.B.€had€beenÐ #l! Ðengaged€in€a€romantic€relationship€with€another€psychologist,€Dr.€Jim€Pruett€(ð ðDr.€Pruettðð).€€Dr.Ð $X" ÐPruett€called€Dr.€Wright€and€asked,€ð ðIs€she€capable€of€killing€me?ðð€€Dr.€Wright€assured€Dr.€PruettÐ ô$D # Ðthat€he€did€not€feel€C.W.B.€was€capable€of€murder.€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àDuring€the€course€of€the€investigation,€the€Boardððs€investigator€also€arrived€at€the€conclusionÐ ¸'#& Ðthat€Dr.€Wright€had€failed€to€maintain€adequate€records€on€C.W.B.€during€the€course€of€herÐ ¤(ô#' Ðtreatment.€€On€May€2,€2002,€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Health€(the€ð ðDepartmentðð)€filed€a€NoticeÐ ° Ðof€Charges€and€Memorandum€for€Assessment€of€Civil€Penalties€against€Dr.€Wright.€€The€DepartmentÐ œì Ðalleged€that€Dr.€Wrightððs€conduct€constituted€violations€of€the€Tennessee€Psychology€Practice€Act,Ð ˆØ Ðcodified€at€section€63„11„101€òòet€seqóó.€of€the€Tennessee€Code,€as€well€as€specific€rules€governingÐ tÄ Ðconfidentiality.€Ð `° ÐÌà  àOn€August€7,€2002,€the€Board€conducted€a€hearing€pursuant€to€the€Tennessee€UniformÐ 8 ˆ ÐAdministrative€Procedures€Act€(ð ðUAPAðð),€codified€at€section€4„5„101€òòet€seqóó.€of€the€TennesseeÐ $ t ÐCode.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Dr.€Wright€appeared€before€the€Board€òòpro€seóó.€€€At€the€administrative€hearing,€Dr.€WrightÐ  ` Ðfreely€admitted€that,€by€speaking€with€the€sister€and€fellow€psychologist€regarding€C.W.B.,€heÐ ü L  Ðbreached€the€ethical€rules€governing€psychologist/patient€confidentiality.€€In€addition,€Dr.€WrightÐ è 8  Ðfreely€admitted€that€he€failed€to€satisfy€the€requirements€in€the€psychology€profession€regardingÐ Ô$  Ðdocumentation€of€therapy€in€the€case€of€C.W.B.€€In€fact,€Dr.€Wright€also€stated€that€he€presentlyÐ À  Ðtreats€thirty„five€to€forty€patients,€and€he€admitted€that,€over€the€past€twenty„one€years,€he€failed€toÐ ¬ü  Ðadequately€document€their€therapy€as€well.€Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€administrative€hearing,€the€Board€issued€an€order€containing€itsÐ pÀ Ðfindings€of€fact,€conclusions€of€law,€and€policy€statement.€€The€Boardððs€order€contained,€in€relevantÐ \¬ Ðpart,€the€following€sanctions:Ð H˜ ÐÌÓ °ÓÓ °Ó1.à0 ¸ àRespondentððs€license€to€practice€as€a€psychologist€in€the€StateÐ  p Ðof€Tennessee€is€hereby€placed€on€PROBATION€for€a€periodÐ  \ Ðof€two€(2)€years,€subject€to€the€following€terms€andÐ øH Ðconditions:Ðä4¸ x¸ x ÐÓ °Ô$ÓÓ Óà ¸ à(a)à0  àòòSupervisionóó.€€Within€thirty€(30)€days€from€theÐ Ð  Ðdate€of€the€entry€of€this€Order,€RespondentÐ ¼  Ðmust€provide€to€a€representative€of€the€BoardÐ ¨ø Ðthe€name€and€òòcurriculum€vitae€óóof€aÐ ”ä Ðsupervising€psychologist€(ð ðSupervisorðð).€.€.€.ЀР  Ðà0 ¸ àà0¸ ¸ àà h àThe€Supervisor€shall€monitorÐ l¼ ÐRespondentððs€practice€with€respect€toÐ X ¨ Ðdocumentation€practices€and€ethical€decisionÐ D!” Ðmaking.€€Any€and€all€costs€relating€to€thisÐ 0"€  Ðsupervision€shall€be€the€sole€responsibility€ofÐ #l! Ðthe€Respondent.Ð$X"   Ðà0 ¸ àà0¸ ¸ àà h àRespondent€shall€submit€or€cause€to€beÐ ô$D # Ðsubmitted€reports€from€the€SupervisorÐ à%0!$ Ðregarding€Respondentððs€performance€by€JuneÐ Ì&"% Ð30th€and€December€31st€of€each€year.€€FailureÐ ¸'#& Ðto€submit€or€have€such€reports€submitted€in€aÐ ° Ðtimely€manner€shall€be€considered€a€violationÐ œì Ðof€this€Order.€€ÐˆØ   Ðà ¸ àà  àà h à.€.€.€.Ð tÄ Ðà0 ¸ àà0¸ ¸ àà h àThe€foregoing€requirement€forÐ `° Ðsupervision€of€Respondentððs€practice€shallÐ L œ Ðremain€in€effect€for€the€duration€of€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðprobationary€period€of€two€(2)€years€under€thisÐ $ t ÐOrder.Ð `   Ðà ¸ à(b)à0  àòòContinuing€educationóó.€€Within€the€two€(2)Ð ü L  Ðyear€probationary€period,€Respondent€shallÐ è 8  Ðcomplete€twenty€(20)€hours€of€continuingÐ Ô$  Ðeducation€in€the€areas€of€ethics€andÐ À  Ðprofessional€risk€management.Ьü    ÐÌÓ &&ÓÓ °X!Ó2.à0 ¸ àRespondent€is€hereby€Ordered€to€pay€two€(2)€Type€B€CivilÐ „Ô  ÐPenalties€in€the€amount€of€Five€Hundred€Dollars€($500.00),Ð pÀ Ðfor€a€total€of€One€Thousand€Dollars€($1,000.00)€in€civilÐ \¬ Ðpenalties,€representing€two€(2)€violations€of€the€TennesseeÐ H˜ ÐPsychology€Practice€Act€or€regulations€or€both€in€such€aÐ 4„ Ðmanner€as€to€impact€directly€on€the€care€of€patients€or€theÐ  p Ðpublic.€.€.€.€Ð \¸ x¸ x ÐÌÓ °â$ÓÓ °ø-ÓDr.€Wright€subsequently€filed,€pursuant€to€section€4„5„322€of€the€Tennessee€Code,€a€Petition€forÐ ä4 ÐReview€and€for€Stay€of€Final€Order€in€the€Chancery€Court€of€Davidson€County.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Dr.€Wright€allegedÐ Ð  Ðthat€the€Board€violated€section€4„5„322(h)(3)€through€(5)€of€the€Tennessee€Code€by€rendering€anÐ ¼  Ðarbitrary€and€capricious€decision€not€supported€by€the€evidence,€as€well€as€section€4„5„314€of€theÐ ¨ø ÐTennessee€Code€by€failing€to€make€specific€findings€of€fact,€failing€to€set€forth€specific€conclusionsÐ ”ä Ðof€law,€and€failing€to€identify€an€independent€policy€reason€for€both.€€On€May€12,€2003,€the€chanceryÐ €Ð Ðcourt€issued€a€Memorandum€Opinion,€which€it€later€incorporated€into€a€Final€Order,€affirming€theÐ l¼ Ðdecision€of€the€Board.€Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àDr.€Wright,€pursuant€to€section€4„5„323(a)€of€the€Tennessee€Code,€appealed€the€decision€ofÐ 0"€  Ðâ âthe€chancery€court€to€this€Court,€presenting€the€follow€issues,€as€we€perceive€them,€for€our€review:Ð #l! ÐI.à0  àWhether€the€Tennessee€Board€of€Examiners€in€Psychology€rendered€an€arbitrary€andÐ ° Ðâ âcapricious€decision,€characterized€by€an€abuse€of€discretion,€by€handing€down€sanctionsÐ œì Ðagainst€Dr.€Wright€that€were€clearly€excessive€given€his€unblemished€record€as€aÐ ˆØ Ðpsychologist€practicing€in€the€State€of€Tennessee;ÐtÄ(#(# ÐII.à0  àWhether€the€decision€reached€by€the€Tennessee€Board€of€Examiners€in€Psychology€isÐ `° Ðsupported€by€substantial€and€material€evidence€given€that€the€patient€did€not€testify€at€theÐ L œ Ðhearing,€and€the€administrative€panel€did€not€adequately€discuss€the€factors€set€forth€in€Tenn.Ð 8 ˆ ÐComp.€R.€&€Reg.€1180„1„.10€(2002);€Ð$ t(#(# ÐIII.à0  àWhether€the€Tennessee€Board€of€Examiners€in€Psychology€failed€to€adequately€identifyÐ  ` Ðindependent€policy€reasons€for€its€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law€and€the€sanctionsÐ ü L  Ðimposed€against€Dr.€Wright;€and€Ðè 8 (#(# ÐIV.à0  àWhether€the€proceedings€before€the€administrative€panel€were€unlawful€because€a€portionÐ Ô$  Ðof€the€proceedings€was€held€outside€the€presence€of€Dr.€Wright€and€was€not€recorded.€€ÐÀ (#(# ÐÌFor€the€reasons€set€forth€herein,€we€affirm.€€Ð ˜è  ÐÌÓ  Óò òStandard€of€ReviewÐ pÀ ÐÌó óÓ  Ó€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ð ðThe€scope€of€review€in€the€trial€court€of€an€order€of€an€administrative€agency€is€definedÐ H˜ Ðin€[section€4„5„322(h)€of€the€Tennessee€Code],ðð€€òòMetro.€Govððt€of€Nashville€&€Davidson€County€v.Ð 4„ ÐShacklettóó,€554€S.W.2d€601,€604€(Tenn.€1977),€which€provides:Ð  p ÐÌÓ °ÓÓ °Ó(h)€The€court€may€affirm€the€decision€of€the€agency€or€remand€theÐ øH Ðcase€for€further€proceedings.€€The€court€may€reverse€or€modify€theÐ ä4 Ðdecision€if€the€rights€of€the€petitioner€have€been€prejudiced€becauseÐ Ð  Ðthe€administrative€findings,€inferences,€conclusions€or€decisions€are:Ð ¼  ÐÓ °.<ÓÓ ÓÓ °<<ÓÓ Ó(1)€In€violation€of€constitutional€or€statutoryÐ ¨ø Ðprovisions;Ð ”ä Ð(2)€In€excess€of€the€statutory€authority€of€the€agency;Ð €Ð Ð(3)€Made€upon€unlawful€procedure;Ð l¼ Ð(4)€Arbitrary€or€capricious€or€characterized€by€abuseÐ X ¨ Ðof€discretion€or€clearly€unwarranted€exercise€ofÐ D!” Ðdiscretion;€orÐ 0"€  Ð(5)€Unsupported€by€evidence€which€is€both€substantialÐ #l! Ðand€material€in€the€light€of€the€entire€record.€€Ð $X" ÐÓ Þ=ÓÓ ¾=ÓÓ ° :ÓÓ °õ9ÓIn€determining€the€substantiality€of€evidence,€the€court€shall€take€intoÐ ô$D # Ðaccount€whatever€in€the€record€fairly€detracts€from€its€weight,€but€theÐ à%0!$ Ðcourt€shall€not€substitute€its€judgment€for€that€of€the€agency€as€to€theÐ Ì&"% Ðweight€of€the€evidence€on€questions€of€fact.€€Ð ¸'#& ÐÌÓ °8@ÓÓ °J@ÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4„5„322(h)€(2003).€€The€statute€makes€clear€that€judicial€review€of€the€agencyððsÐ )à$( Ðdecision€is€not€òòde€novo€óóin€the€chancery€court.€€òòShacklettóó,€554€S.W.2d€at€604.€€The€scope€of€reviewÐ |*Ì%) Ðin€this€Court€is€the€same€as€in€the€chancery€court,€and€we€must€review€the€case€under€the€sameÐ h+¸&* Ðstatutory€criteria.€€òòHumana€of€Tenn.€v.€Tenn.€Health€Facilities€Commððnóó,€551€S.W.2d€664,€668€(Tenn.Ð ° Ð1977);òò€see€also€Mosley€v.€Tenn.€Depððt€of€Commerce€and€Insóó.,€No.€M2003„01998„COA„R3„CV,€2004Ð œì ÐTenn.€App.€LEXIS€784,€at€*19€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Nov.€22,€2004)€(citation€omitted);€òòEstate€of€StreetÐ ˆØ Ðv.€State€Bd.€of€Equalizationóó,€812€S.W.2d€583,€585€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1990)€(citations€omitted).€€ð ðOurÐ tÄ Ðreview€of€a€trial€courtððs€decision€with€respect€to€agency€findings€is€essentially€a€determination€ofÐ `° Ðwhether€the€trial€court€correctly€applied€the€standard€of€review€set€forth€[in€section€4„5„322(h)€of€theÐ L œ ÐTennessee€Code].ðð€€òòWilson€v.€Univ.€of€Tenn.€at€Chattanoogaóó,€No.€M2000„02573„COA„R3„CV,€2001Ð 8 ˆ ÐTenn.€App.€LEXIS€942,€at€*10ð!ð11€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€Dec.€28,€2001).€€€Ð $ t ÐÌÓ  Óò òThe€Boardððs€Selection€of€Sanctions€Against€Dr.€Wright€Ð ü L  ÐÌó óÓ  Ó€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€We€begin€with€Dr.€Wrightððs€argument€that€the€sanctions€imposed€by€the€Board€are€Ð Ô$  Ðarbitrary€and€capricious,€as€well€as€clearly€excessive,€in€light€of€the€facts€presented€to€the€Board.€€Dr.Ð À  ÐWright€points€to€his€more€than€forty€years€of€professional€practice€without€a€disciplinary€infractionÐ ¬ü  Ðrelated€to€confidentiality€until€C.W.B.€filed€the€complaint€at€issue€with€the€Board.€€Dr.€WrightÐ ˜è  Ðcharacterizes€his€breach€of€confidentiality€in€regard€to€C.W.B.ððs€sister€as€a€ð ðspur€of€the€momentÐ „Ô  Ðresponseðð€that€was€ð ðmeant€to€allay€some€of€the€fears€and€animosity€of€the€family€situation.ðð€€€At€theÐ pÀ Ðhearing€before€the€Board,€Dr.€Wright€readily€admitted€to€the€two€breaches€of€confidentialityÐ \¬ Ðregarding€C.W.B.,€but€on€appeal€he€contends€that€the€sanctions€imposed€by€the€Board€are€notÐ H˜ Ðwarranted€given€the€following€facts:€(1)€there€has€been€no€showing€of€continuous€ethical€violations,Ð 4„ Ð(2)€there€is€no€history€of€sustained€complaints€for€similar€violations,€(3)€there€is€no€evidence€thatÐ  p Ðsuch€conduct€will€continue€in€the€future,€and€(4)€since€the€violations€occurred€in€1997,€there€haveÐ  \ Ðbeen€no€subsequent€ethical€violations€of€any€kind.€Ð øH ÐÌà  àIn€reviewing€the€Boardððs€decision,€this€Court€ð ðòòshall€not€óósubstitute€its€judgment€for€that€of€theÐ Ð  Ðagency€as€to€the€weight€of€the€evidence€on€questions€of€fact.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Annòò.€óóðð€4„5„322(h)(5)Ð ¼  Ð(2003)€(emphasis€added).€€However,€ð ðagency€decisions€with€adequate€evidentiary€support€may€stillÐ ¨ø Ðbe€arbitrary€and€capricious€if€caused€by€a€clear€error€in€judgment.ðð€€òòJackson€Mobilphone€Co.,€Inc.Ð ”ä Ðv.€Tenn.€Pub.€Serv.€Commððnóó,€876€S.W.2d€106,€110€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1993).€€In€determining€whetherÐ €Ð Ðthe€Boardððs€decision€in€this€case€was€ð ðarbitrary€and€capricious,ðð€we€are€mindful€that:Ð l¼ ÐÌÓ °ÓÓ °ÓA€reviewing€court€should€not€apply€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€4-5-Ð D!” Ð322(h)(4)'s€"arbitrary€and€capricious"€standard€of€reviewÐ 0"€  Ðmechanically.€€In€its€broadest€sense,€the€standard€requires€the€court€toÐ #l! Ðdetermine€whether€the€administrative€agency€has€made€a€clear€errorÐ $X" Ðin€judgment.€òòAmerican€Paper€Inst.€v.€American€Elec.€Power€Serv.Ð ô$D # ÐCorpóó.,€461€U.S.€402,€413,€103€S.Ct.€1921,€1928,€76€L.Ed.2d€22Ð à%0!$ Ð(1983);€òòCitizens€to€Preserve€Overton€Park,€Inc.€v.€Volpeóó,€401€U.S.Ð Ì&"% Ð402,€416,€91€S.Ct.€814,€823-24,€28€L.Ed.2d€136€(1971).€An€arbitraryÐ ¸'#& Ðdecision€is€one€that€is€not€based€on€any€course€of€reasoning€orÐ ¤(ô#' Ðexercise€of€judgment,€òòState€ex€rel.€Nixon€v.€McCanlessóó,€176€Tenn.Ð )à$( Ð352,€354,€141€S.W.2d€885,€886€(1940),€or€one€that€disregards€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðfacts€or€circumstances€of€the€case€without€some€basis€that€would€leadÐ h+¸&* Ða€reasonable€person€to€reach€the€same€conclusion.€òòWagner€v.€City€ofÐ ° ÐOmahaóó,€236€Neb.€843,€464€N.W.2d€175,€180€(1991);€òòRamsey€v.Ð œì ÐDepartment€of€Human€Servsóó.,€301€Ark.€285,€783€S.W.2d€361,€364Ð ˆØ Ð(1990).Ð tÄ ÐÓ °ìOÓÓ °ÞOÓòòIdóó.€at€110ð!ð11.€€Ð `° ÐÌà  àThe€Board€concluded€that€Dr.€Wright€violated€section€63„11„215(b)(1)€of€the€TennesseeÐ 8 ˆ ÐCode€by€engaging€in€ð ðunprofessional,€dishonorable,€and€unethical€conduct.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€63„Ð $ t Ð11„215(b)(1)€(2003).€€In€addition,€the€Board€found€that€Dr.€Wright€violated€the€following€ethicalÐ  ` Ðrules€governing€the€psychology€profession:€€Ð ü L  ÐÌÓ °ÓÓ °Óà0 ¸ àà ` à(1)à ¸ àGeneral€Standards.€€These€general€standards€are€applicable€toÐ Ô$  Ðthe€professional€and€scientific€activities€of€all€licensees€orÐ À  Ðcertificate€holders.Ьü ¸ x¸ x Ðà ¸ à.€.€.€.Ð ˜è  ÐÓ °