ÿWPCr& …# VUNa %¯ 0Ƶ4{  ž w@¦ 0 æ 0Dð 0J4 0T~ 0^Ò 0h0 0r˜ 0|  0†† 0  1uœ 0dU>u B³U6ÐB)DC/ AMrU*¿ D3é«1Ç 0@ø?8wv~|vÓú AOÍ$Æ% 0Dâ% D/&& BU&˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(žjÆ$¡¡Ñ` ` ÑÑÜÜÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÓÓÔ¡¨ 3|xè- Ö-D×-Ø-DÙ-Ú-DÛ-fÜ-/Ý-/Þ-ß-Ó€(º(3eB$¤¤Ý ƒjÆ!ÝÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  Ýà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman d< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d&&&&7Border 1dd€-'Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial$$$$'ÿÿdxd ¡Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÔ€)ÔÔ€)ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€)XÔÌÌNovemberÏ27,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó 'Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÔ€#ôÔÑ\R AØ'\Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÓÓ€€Ô€%ÔThe€state€presented€alternative€theories€to€the€jury.€€ForÏsentencing€purposes,€the€trial€court€ruled€that€some€counts€merged€into€theÏother€convictions.€€Count€2€of€the€indictment€charged€attempted€firstÏdegree€murder.€€The€jury€returned€a€guilty€verdict€of€attempted€secondÏdegree€murder€and€a€fine€of€$25,000;€the€trial€court€decided€that€the€countÏmerged€into€the€conviction€for€attempted€felony€murder.€€The€verdict€ofÏguilt€for€aggravated€rape€under€Count€6€was€merged€into€Count€5.€€Count€4Ïwas€an€alternative€theory€for€aggravated€assault€based€on€serious€bodily.€ÏCounts€2,€4€and€6€were€dismissed€upon€motion€by€the€state.€€€€€€€€Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò 5Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€%ÔÓÓ€Ô€%ôÔIt€is€the€policy€of€this€court€to€withhold€the€identity€of€minorsÏinvolved€in€sexual€abuse.€€òòState€v.€Schimpfóó,€782€S.W.2d€186,€188€n.€1Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989).Ô€#ÔÔ€#XÔÌ ûÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€%ÔÔ€%ôÔÓÓ€In€òòOlleróó,€the€conviction€for€especially€aggravated€burglary€wasÏreduced€to€burglary€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„404(d).€€851€S.W.2d€atÏ843.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  inion Geneva ÒÒ  inion Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€#ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÔ€%ÔÑ7€&5XdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÙ€€ÙßR€(+'A1-j|` ´- `€€@ÿRß›à@ àÞ ÞÌÓ  ÓòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóóÌòòAT€NASHVILLEóóÌJANUARY€1996€SESSIONÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à*à àC.C.A.€#€01C01„9506„CC„00178€Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà à*à àBEDFORD€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à*à àHon.€Charles€Lee,€JudgeÌÓÓANTONIO€ERASMO€ALVARADO,à à*à à(Attempted€Felony€Murder,€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àAggravated€Assault,€AggravatedÌà àAppellant.à àà àà à*à àRape,€Aggravated€Burglary)Ìà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€Appelleeóó:ÌÌJan€R.€Pattersonà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAttorneyà àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌ225€West€Baltimore€à àà àà àÌSuite€Bà àà àà àà àà àCharlotte€H.€RappuhnÌJackson,€TN€€38301à àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌ(on€appeal)à àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌJohn€Dickeyà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌDistrict€Public€DefenderÌà àà àà àà àà àà àW.€Michael€McCownÌRobert€Marlowà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌAssistant€Public€DefenderÌP.O.€Box€1119à àà àà àà àRobert€G.€CriglerÌFayetteville,€TN€€37334à àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àBedford€County€CourthouseÌCurtis€Gannà àà àà àà àShelbyville,€TN€€37160à àà àÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àÌP.O.€Box€1119à àà àà àà àGary€M.€JonesÌFayetteville,€TN€€37334à àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àBedford€County€CourthouseÌà àà àà àà àà àà àShelbyville,€TN€€37160ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌÌÌREVERSED€AND€DISMISSED€IN€PART;ÌAFFIRMED€IN€PARTÌÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÇÓÓà@ àòòOPINIONóóÌà àà àThe€defendant,€Antonio€Erasmo€Alvarado,€was€convictedÏof€attempted€felony€murder,€aggravated€assault,€aggravated€rapeÏand€aggravated€burglary.€€The€jury€acquitted€the€defendant€ofÏthe€charge€of€theft€of€property.€€The€trial€court€imposed€aÏRange€I,€effective€sentence€of€fifty€(50)€years€and€approvedÏfines€totaling€$70,000.€€The€specific€sentences€and€fines€wereÏas€follows:× ƒ, ××  ×ÌÓÓà8 àòòCountóóà àòòOffenseóóà àà àòòSentenceóóÌÌà àOneà àà àAttemptedà àà à23€yearsÌà àà àà àFelonyà àà àConsecutive€to€Counts€5€&€7Ìà àà àà àMurderà àà àClass€A€FelonyÌÌà àThreeà àAggravatedà à3€yearsÌà àà àà àAssaultà àà àConcurrent€with€Count€1Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àFine€„€$10,000Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àClass€C€FelonyÌÌà àFiveà àà àAggravated€à à21€yearsÌà àà àà àRapeà àà àà àConsecutive€to€Counts€1€&€7Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àFine€„€$50,000Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àClass€A€FelonyÌÌà àSevenà àAggravated€à à6€yearsÌà àà àà àBurglaryà àà àConsecutive€to€Counts€1€&€5Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àFine€„€$10,000Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àClass€C€FelonyÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€defendant€presents€the€following€issues€forÏreview:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(1)€€whether€attempted€felony€murder€is€aÏstatutory€offense;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)€€whether€the€multiple€convictionsÏviolated€double€jeopardy€and€due€processÏprinciples;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(3)€€whether€the€jury€instructions€by€theÏtrial€court€misstated€the€relevant€law;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(4)€€whether€the€trial€court€erred€byÏimposing€excessive€sentences€and€fines;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(5)€€whether€the€trial€court€erroneouslyÏadmitted€into€evidence€a€pretrial€statementÏof€the€defendant;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(6)€€whether€the€trial€court€erred€byÏdenying€the€defendant€a€trial€transcript€inÏorder€to€prepare€for€a€motion€for€a€newÏtrial.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àWe€reverse€and€dismiss€the€conviction€of€attemptedÏfelony€murder;€otherwise,€we€affirm.òòÌÌà àà àóóOn€November€13,€1993,€TC,× ƒ. ××  ×€the€fourteen„year„oldÏvictim,€was€discovered€in€her€friend's€apartment€with€67€stabÏwounds€on€various€parts€of€her€body.€€At€the€subsequent€trial€ofÏthe€defendant,€the€victim€testified€that€on€the€afternoon€beforeÏthe€stabbing,€she€went€to€Laura€White€Rezððs€apartment€to€babysitÏan€eight„month„old€child.€€During€the€course€of€the€evening,€theÏvictim€had€locked€the€storm€door;€at€about€11:00€P.M.,€she€hadÏopened€the€main€door€due€to€the€heat€in€the€apartment.€€AboutÏthirty€minutes€later,€the€defendant,€wearing€dark€trousers,€aÏgray€sweatshirt€which€was€covered€by€a€sleeveless€shirt€with€aÏcar€print,€a€red€and€black€vest,€and€a€dark€baseball€cap€withÏthe€letters€"mpulse,"€jerked€open€the€storm€door.€€€The€victimÏtestified€that€the€defendant,€carrying€two€bottles€of€beer,Ïstruck€the€victim€in€the€right€eye,€knocking€her€to€the€floor.€ÏThe€defendant€then€knelt€over€her,€placed€a€pocketknife€to€herÏneck,€and€ordered€the€victim€to€take€her€pants€off.€€When€sheÏrefused,€the€defendant€then€tried€to€stab€the€victim€in€the€backÏof€the€neck.€€When€the€victim€resisted,€the€defendant€stabbedÏher€left€hand€and€arm€approximately€seventeen€times.€€At€theÍconclusion€of€this€assault,€the€victim€went€to€the€bathroom,Ïcleaned€her€stab€wounds,€and€wrapped€a€towel€around€her€hand.€ÏStill€carrying€the€knife,€the€defendant€directed€the€victim€toÏhurry€back€to€the€couch€where€he€directed€her€to€take€off€herÏpants€and€underwear.€€While€holding€the€knife€at€the€victimððsÏthroat,€the€defendant€vaginally€penetrated€the€victim.€€As€heÏdid€so,€he€bit€her€breasts,€causing€bruises.€ÌÌà àà àAfter€the€sexual€assault,€the€defendant€refused€toÏallow€the€victim€to€put€on€her€clothes€until€he€finished€hisÏbeer.€€Five€to€ten€minutes€later,€the€defendant€began€to€throwÏtoys€at€the€victim,€directing€her€to€place€both€the€toys€andÏseveral€videos€into€a€pillow€case.€€The€defendant€then€orderedÏthe€victim€to€an€exterior€back€porch.€€They€remained€there€forÏabout€ten€to€fifteen€minutes€until€they€saw€someone€from€aÏnearby€apartment.€€When€they€went€back€inside€the€Rez€apartment,Ïthe€defendant,€repeatedly€saying€he€wanted€to€kill€her,Ïattempted€to€suffocate€the€victim€with€the€towel€she€had€used€asÏa€bandage.€€The€victim,€who€was€able€to€momentarily€push€theÏdefendant€away,€grabbed€a€kitchen€knife€and€tried€to€stab€theÏdefendant;€the€defendant,€however,€was€able€to€disarm€her.€€WhenÏthe€victim€tried€to€escape€through€the€front€door,€the€defendantÍstabbed€her€approximately€50€more€times.€€The€victim€attemptedÏto€resist€by€biting€the€defendant's€hands.€€ÌÌà àà àAfterward,€the€defendant€stated€that€he€was€leavingÏand€threatened€to€kill€the€victim€and€her€family€if€she€tried€toÏget€help.€€The€victim€locked€the€door,€was€able€to€push€theÏredial€button€on€the€telephone,€and€when€connected€with€SarahÏMerlo,€asked€her€to€send€an€ambulance€to€the€Rez€apartment.€ÏLater,€the€victim€described€the€defendant€to€police€as€aÏHispanic€male€with€black,€curly€hair€and€a€moustache.€€She€wasÏable€to€pick€the€defendant€out€of€a€photographic€lineup€andÏpositively€identified€him€at€trial.€€The€victim€testified€thatÏthe€defendant€spoke€to€her€in€English€throughout€the€attack.€€€ÌÌà àà àThe€victim€was€hospitalized€for€three€days€andÏrequired€surgery€to€stitch€her€wounds.€€She€has€knife€scars€onÏher€arms,€legs,€stomach,€back,€face,€throat€and€ear.€€ÌÌà àà àSarah€Merlo€testified€that€she€received€a€phone€callÏfrom€the€victim€in€the€early€morning€hours€of€November€14.€€Ms.ÏMerlo€called€911.ÌÌà àà àLaura€White€Rez€testified€that€the€victim€wasÏbabysitting€her€eight„month„old€child€while€she€and€her€fiancÏwent€to€a€movie.€€The€victim€had€cared€for€the€two€Rez€childrenÏapproximately€fifteen€to€twenty€times€prior€to€the€offense.€€Ms.ÏRez€testified€that€the€defendant€resided€with€his€girlfriend,ÏJanice€Nunez,€who€lived€in€a€nearby,€upstairs€apartment.€€Ms.ÏRez,€who€had€never€seen€the€victim€speak€to€the€defendant,Ïreturned€to€her€apartment€sometime€after€the€assault,Ïdiscovering€that€one€of€her€pillowcases€and€some€of€herÏchildren's€toys€and€movies€were€missing.€ÌÌà àà àDavid€C.€Adams,€a€police€officer€for€the€ShelbyvilleÏPolice€Department,€was€the€first€to€arrive€at€the€crime€scene.€ÏHe€began€going€door€to€door€at€the€apartments€in€an€attempt€toÏfind€the€victim.€€When€he€arrived€at€the€Nunez€apartment,€heÏcalled€to€Ms.€Nunez€and€noticed€the€defendant,€a€Hispanic€male,Ïinside€the€apartment.€€The€defendant€wore€no€shirt.€€ÌÌà àà àWhen€Officer€Adams€arrived€at€the€Rez€apartment,€heÏopened€the€unlocked€door€and€found€the€victim€covered€withÏblood.€€She€was€lying€face€down€in€the€living€room.€€TheÏapartment€was€in€disarray.€€The€victimððs€first€words€were,€"GetÍthe€baby."€€Although€she€expressed€fear€about€identifying€herÏassailant€because€he€had€threatened€to€kill€her€and€her€family,Ïthe€victim€nonetheless€provided€his€description€and€suggestedÏthat€he€was€somehow€connected€to€the€upstairs€apartment.€€ÌÌà àà àOfficer€Adams€and€Officers€Barber€and€Clanton€returnedÏto€the€Nunez€apartment€to€further€investigate.€€The€defendant,Ïstill€without€a€shirt,€was€sitting€on€the€couch€holding€a€baby.€ÏThe€officers€found€a€sleeveless,€red€and€black€flannel€vestÏlying€on€a€bed€and€a€plastic€bag€of€blood„stained€clothing€in€aÏgarbage€can€on€the€back€porch;€the€bag€contained€a€t„shirt€withÏan€imprint€of€a€'57€Chevy€and€a€white€"Bart€Simpson"€sweatshirt.€ÏAt€that€point,€Officer€Adams€advised€the€defendant€of€hisÏòòMirandaóó€rights.€€Ìà àÌà àà àA€search€of€the€Rez€apartment€yielded€a€black€baseballÏcap€with€the€writing€"Interpol"€lying€"very€near"€where€theÏvictim€was€discovered.€€Two€beer€bottles€were€found€near€theÏcouch;€three€other€beer€bottles,€fully€empty€or€broken,€wereÏfound€closer€to€the€bedroom.€ÌÌà àà àSergeant€Harold€B.€McKee€of€the€Shelbyville€PoliceÍalso€investigated€the€crime€and€questioned€the€defendant€priorÏto€any€òòMirandaóó€warnings.€€He€testified€that€when€he€asked€theÏdefendant€"how€long€he€[was]€downstairs€with€the€victim,"€theÏdefendant€responded,€"About€an€hour€and€a€half."ÌÌà àà àOfficer€Don€Barber,€a€Shelbyville€police€officer,Ïsketched€the€apartment€where€the€victim€was€found.€€His€diagramÏdepicted€blood€stains€near€the€kitchen€and€bathroom€sinks.€ÌÌà àà àRobert€Carstens,€an€emergency€paramedic€at€BedfordÏCounty€Emergency€Medical€Service,€responded€to€the€911€call.€ÏUpon€his€arrival,€he€found€the€victim€on€her€back€in€a€pool€ofÏblood.€€Carstens€testified€that€he€thought€she€was€dead.€€HeÏdescribed€the€victim€as€"bleeding€profusely"€from,€by€his€count,Ï52€stab€wounds.€€She€had€gone€into€shock€due€to€excessive€bloodÏloss.€€€€ÌÌà àà àPedro€Galvez,€an€emergency€room€doctor€at€BedfordÏCounty€Hospital,€examined€the€victim€and€found€67€stab€wounds.€ÏHe€described€the€wounds€as€life„threatening€because€she€had€lostÏa€substantial€amount€of€blood.€€The€number€of€wounds€requiredÏsuturing€under€general€anesthesia.€€Dr.€Galvez€testified€that€heÍdid€not€request€a€blood€sample€of€the€victim€for€blood€andÏalcohol€testing€because€she€did€not€appear€to€be€under€theÏinfluence.€€He€observed€bruises,€abrasions€and€swelling€of€theÏvictimððs€vaginal€area€as€he€performed€a€rape€kit€examination.€€ÌÌà àà àMargaret€Hargrove,€a€registered€nurse€who€works€in€theÏemergency€room€at€Bedford€County€Hospital,€assisted€in€theÏpreparation€of€the€rape€kit;€she€included€samples€from€both€theÏvictim€and€the€defendant.€€Nurse€Hargrove€testified€that€sheÏnoticed€bruises€around€the€victimððs€pubic€area€and€counted€67Ïstab€wounds.€€Several€other€medical€personnel€testified€thatÏthey€took€samples€from€the€victim€and€the€defendant€and€alsoÏfrom€Jose€Canizalez,€a€cousin€to€the€defendant.€ÌÌà àà àAnticipating€the€claims€of€the€defense,€the€stateÏcalled€Brenda€Lee€Sizemore,€the€office€manager€where€both€theÏdefendant€and€Canizalez€worked.€€She€testified€that€theÏdefendant€had€not€reported€any€work„related€injuries€(such€asÏhand€cuts);€she€had€not€noticed€him€to€have€any€injuries€priorÏto€the€assault.€€Ms.€Sizemore€acknowledged€that€the€defendantÏalways€spoke€to€her€in€English€but€confirmed€that€he€did€notÏspeak€the€language€as€well€as€Canizalez.ÌÌà àà àRodney€Rochelle€Russell,€a€co„worker€of€the€defendant,Ïtestified€that€he€and€the€defendant€always€spoke€to€each€otherÏin€English.€€He€remembered€the€defendant€telling€him€on€theÏnight€before€the€assault€that€he€was€"going€to€go€out€and€getÏdrunk€and€get€him€some€pussy"€to€celebrate€his€birthday.€ÏRussell€believed€that€the€defendant€spoke€English€better€thanÏCanizalez.ÌÌà àà àJanice€Nunez,€the€defendantððs€girlfriend,€testifyingÏfor€the€state,€said€that€the€defendant€was€living€with€her€whenÏthe€incident€occurred.€€She€informed€the€police€that€theÏdefendant€came€home€around€10:30€P.M.€and€told€her€that€he€wasÏgoing€out.€€She€testified€that€she€had€no€knowledge€of€whetherÏthe€defendant€actually€left€the€apartment€but€did€recall€theÏback€door€being€opened.€€She€heard€a€noise€from€the€downstairs,ÏRez€apartment€at€around€1:15€A.M.€when€she€answered€the€door€forÏthe€brother€of€Canizalezððs€girlfriend;€to€her€knowledge,€theÏdefendant€was€not€in€the€apartment€at€the€time.€€Ms.€NunezÏtestified€that€she€telephoned€a€friend€after€hearing€the€noise;Ïshe€was€on€the€phone€fifteen€minutes€later€when€the€defendantÏreturned.€€He€told€her€conflicting€stories€about€hisÍwhereabouts:€that€he€had€just€come€home€in€Canizalezððs€car;€Ïthat€he€had€walked€home€from€the€store;€and€that€he€had€been€inÏa€fight.€€Ms.€Nunez€became€upset€with€the€defendant€and€told€himÏto€leave.€€She€remembered€the€defendant€taking€his€shirt€off€butÏdid€not€remember€whether€he€changed€pants.€€The€defendant€thenÏgot€a€plastic€grocery€bag€from€the€kitchen€and€put€some€clothesÏin€it.€€When€the€police€knocked€at€her€apartment€door,€theÏdefendant€stepped€outside€and€came€back€inside€momentarily.€ÏSometime€after€the€police€left,€at€about€2:00€A.M.,€CanizalezÏknocked€on€the€door€and€entered€the€apartment;€he€left€afterÏabout€two€minutes.€€ÌÌà àà àMs.€Nunez€identified€the€cap€found€near€the€victim€asÏbelonging€to€the€defendant;€she€recognized€the€sweatshirtÏdiscovered€by€the€police€as€her€own.€€She€acknowledged€that€theÏdefendant€and€Canizalez€often€wore€each€otherððs€clothing€andÏthat€Canizalez€had€changed€clothes€in€her€apartment€before.€€SheÏclaimed€Canizalez€also€owned€a€pair€of€black€pants€and€wore€aÏcamouflage€jacket.€€Ms.€Nunez€remembered€seeing€Canizalezððs€carÏparked€in€the€apartment€lot€on€the€night€of€the€offense.€€SinceÏthe€crime,€the€defendant€had€told€Ms.€Nunez€that€he€would€not€beÏin€this€trouble€if€he€had€been€able€to€have€sex€with€her.€€SheÍstated€that€she€had€never€seen€the€victim€speak€to€either€theÏdefendant€or€Canizalez.€ÌÌà àà àDetective€Cris€Szarolita€of€the€Shelbyville€PoliceÏDepartment€testified€that€the€Rez€apartment€was€in€disarray€justÏafter€the€offense.€€Later,€he€noticed€two€cuts€on€theÏdefendantððs€left€hand.€€€€€ÌÌà àà àDetective€Dale€Elliott€of€the€Shelbyville€Police€askedÏCanizalez€to€submit€to€a€rape€kit€examination.€€He€also€Ïassembled€the€photographic€lineup.€€He€testified€that€the€victimÏpositively€identified€the€œdefendant›€without€any€hesitation.€€HeÏconceded€that€the€photographic€lineup€did€not€contain€a€pictureÏof€Canizalez.€€Detective€Elliot€testified€that€the€victim€hadÏclaimed€that€her€assailant€was€a€complete€stranger.€ÌÌà àà àRaymond€A.€Depriest,€a€TBI€forensic€scientistÏspecializing€in€serology,€examined€the€rape€kits.€€He€testifiedÏthat€the€victim€had€been€involved€in€sexual€intercourse€and€thatÏthe€results€excluded€Canizalez€as€a€possible€participant.€€HeÏacknowledged€that€there€was€a€possibility€that€more€than€oneÏperson€could€have€contributed€semen€because€Canizalezððs€bloodÍtype€was€the€same€as€the€victimððs€and€could€have€been€masked.€ÏHe€testified€that€DNA€testing€would€conclusively€determineÏwhether€Canizalez€had€sex€with€the€victim.€€Agent€DepriestÏtestified€that€bloods€stains€on€the€hat€and€camouflage€jacketÏcould€have€been€either€that€of€Canizalez€or€the€victim,€but€notÏthe€defendant.€€The€blood€on€the€t„shirt,€the€black€jeans,€theÏblack€sweatpants,€the€camouflage€jacket€and€the€sweatshirt€wasÏconsistent€with€that€of€the€victim,€but€not€that€of€Canizalez€orÏthe€defendant.€€Depriest€saw€the€underwear€of€the€defendant€andÏtestified€that€he€believed€that€semen€and€blood€stains€appearedÏto€be€present.€€An€examination€established€that€the€defendantððsÏleft€shoe€had€blood€on€it.€€One€of€the€beer€bottles€also€had€aÏhuman€blood€stain.ÌÌà àà àOn€cross„examination,€Special€Agent€DepriestÏacknowledged€that€there€was€no€method€to€determine€the€age€of€aÏblood€or€semen€stain.€€He€stated€that€it€was€possible€that€bloodÏfrom€the€victim€had€been€transferred€to€the€hat€while€she€wasÏlying€in€the€floor.€€He€also€said€that€the€blood€could€have€beenÏtransferred€to€the€hat€if€the€wearer€was€bleeding€from€the€handÏand€touched€the€hat.€€Testing€of€the€hat€established€that€theÏblood€could€not€have€come€from€the€defendant.€€ÌÌà àà àMargaret€œBash,›€a€TBI€forensic€scientist€specializingÏin€DNA€analysis,€examined€vaginal€swabs€and€the€underwear€of€theÏvictim.€€When€she€compared€them€to€samples€taken€from€theÏdefendant€and€Canizalez,€the€analysis€excluded€Canizalez€as€aÏcontributor€of€sperm.€€It€was€her€opinion€that€the€defendant€wasÏthe€perpetrator.€€She€stated€that€the€chance€ofÏmisidentification€was€approximately€one€in€twenty„six€(26)Ïœmillion€for›€the€panties€and€one€in€twenty„one€(21)€million€forÏthe€vaginal€swabs.€€Her€DNA€testing€of€blood€on€the€t„shirtÏfound€in€the€possession€of€the€defendant€revealed€a€match€of€theÏvictimððs€blood;€there€was€only€a€one€out€of€œtwenty„nine€(29)›Ïmillion€chance€of€misidentification.€€Special€Agent€œBash›Ïconceded€that€DNA€testing€did€not€reflect€how€long€a€semen€orÏblood€stain€had€been€on€an€article.€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€did€not€testify.€€He€had€been€providedÏan€interpreter€to€translate€the€proceedings.€€€ÌÌà àà àPerry€Michael€Stubblefield,€a€resident€at€South€GateÏApartments€who€lived€two€apartments€away€from€Laura€White€Rez,Ïtestified€for€the€defense.€€He€stated€that€when€he€and€hisÍgirlfriend€returned€to€his€apartment€at€approximately€10:45ÏP.M.,€he€saw€a€girl€he€had€never€seen€before€standing€at€theÏdriver's€side€of€a€cream„colored€car€parked€in€the€space€forÏRezððs€apartment.€€Stubblefield€related€that€he€did€not€know€theÏdefendant€or€Canizalez€personally€but€had€seen€them€at€theÏapartments.€€On€cross„examination,€he€acknowledged€that€it€wasÏdark€at€the€time€and€the€girl€he€saw€could€have€had€eitherÏblonde€or€light„brown€hair.€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà àà àJudith€Irene€Canady,€the€girlfriend€of€PerryÏStubblefield,€testified€that€the€girl€standing€beside€the€carÏwas€the€victim.€€Ms.€Canady,€who€stated€that€she€was€positiveÏabout€her€identification,€described€the€person€in€the€car€as€aÏdark„headed€man€wearing€a€light„colored,€short„sleeved€t„shirt.€ÌÌà àà àBradley€Allen€McTigue,€who€lived€at€South€GateÏApartments,€testified€that€when€he€arrived€home€at€approximatelyÏ11:15€P.M.,€he€saw€the€defendant€standing€outside€on€the€stepsÏdrinking€a€can€of€beer.€€He€was€wearing€a€short„sleeved€shirt.€ÌÌà àà àOn€rebuttal,€the€state€called€Jose€Canizalez€as€aÏwitness.€€He€testified€that€he€drove€a€brown€car€and€was€atÍSouth€Gate€Apartments€on€November€12€and€13,€1993.€€TracyÏConner,€his€blond„haired€girlfriend,€was€with€him€at€the€time.€€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€òòÌóóà@ àIÌà àà àThe€defendant€first€contends€that€his€conviction€forÏattempted€felony€murder€should€be€reversed€because€the€offenseÏis€not€a€crime€recognized€by€Tennessee€law.€€We€must€agree.ÌÌà àà àThe€state€submitted€alternative€theories€on€attemptedÏfirst„degree€murder€to€the€jury,€and€the€jury€returned€a€verdictÏof€guilt€for€attempted€felony€murder€and€attempted€second€degreeÏmurder.€€At€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€state€agreed€that€theÏconviction€of€attempted€second€degree€murder€and€a€fine€ofÏ$25,000€would€merge€into€the€conviction€of€attempted€felonyÏmurder.ÌÌà àà àOur€supreme€court,€however,€recently€œruled›€that€anÏattempt€to€commit€felony€murder€is€not€a€crime€in€Tennessee.€ÏòòState€v.€Kimbroughóó,€œ924›€S.W.2d€œ888€(Tenn.›€1996).€€"'AlthoughÏmurder€may€be€committed€without€an€intent€to€kill,€attempt€toÏcommit€murder€requires€a€specific€intent€to€kill.'"€€òòId.óó,€slipÏop.€at€9€(quoting€òòBraxton€v.€United€Statesóó,€500€U.S.€344,€351Í(1991)).€€The€court€ruled€that€"a€charge€of€'attempted€felony„murder'€is€inherently€inconsistent,€in€that€it€requires€that€theÏactor€have€intended€to€commit€what€is€deemed€an€unintentionalÏact."€€òòId.óó,€slip€op.€at€7.€€Thus,€it€reasoned,€"it€is€logicallyÏand€legally€impossible€to€attempt€to€perpetrate€an€unintentionalÏœkilling."€›€òòId.óó,€slip€op.€at€11.€€The€conviction€for€attempt€toÏcommit€felony€murder€must,€therefore,€be€reversed€and€the€chargeÏmust€be€dismissed.ÌÌà àà àWe€now€turn€to€the€issue€of€whether€the€guilty€verdictÏfor€attempted€second€degree€felony€murder€stands.€€Ironically,Ïthe€trial€judge€made€the€following€comment€during€juryÏdeliberations:€€"it€will€be€an€interesting€law€school€questionÏif€they€come€back€and€find€him€guilty€of€attempted€second€degreeÏmurder€and€attempted€felony€murder."€€The€trial€€court€resolvedÏthe€question€by€merging€the€attempted€second€degree€murder€andÏthe€attempted€felony€murder€and€entering€an€order€granting€theÏstateððs€motion€to€dismiss€the€premeditated€murder€count,€theÏcount€which€resulted€in€the€attempted€second€degree€murderÏconviction.€€ÌÌà àà àIn€òòState€v.€Banesóó,€874€S.W.2d€73,€81€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Í1993),€this€court€attempted€to€ascertain€the€proper€procedureÏfor€preventing€"a€total€dismissal€in€the€event€[the€defendantÏis]€successful€on€appeal€of€the€conviction€for€the€greaterÏoffense."€€òòId.óó€(citing€òòState€v.€Davisóó,€613€S.W.2d€218€(Tenn.Ï1981)).€€To€avoid€a€complete€dismissal,€this€court€ruled€thatÏthe€trial€court€"should€enter€a€judgment€of€conviction€on€theÏgreater€offense€and€a€judgment€merging€the€lesser€offense€intoÏthe€greater."€€òòId.óó€€Although€the€trial€court€failed€to€implementÏthat€procedure,€we€are€nonetheless€tempted€to€restore€theÏverdict€for€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€The€defendant€had€aÏtrial€and€the€jury€returned€a€verdict€of€guilt,€clearly€oneÏbased€upon€sufficient€evidence.€€This€situation,€however,€isÏindistinguishable€from€the€holdings€in€òòBanesóó€and€òòDavisóó.€€TheÏtrial€court€entered€a€judgment€for€attempted€felony€murder;€theÏjudgment€did€not,€however,€reflect€that€the€guilty€verdict€forÏattempted€second„degree€murder€had€been€merged€into€theÏcollateral€conviction.€€In€fact,€the€trial€judge€suggested€aÏdismissal€of€the€latter€charge.€€The€state€complied.€€A€separateÏjudgment€was€not€entered€into€the€record.€€Because,€instead,€theÏstate€had€asked€to€dismiss€the€part€of€the€indictment€for€whichÏthe€attempted€second€degree€murder€conviction€was€returned,€aÏmotion€which€was€sustained€by€the€trial€court,€there€is€simplyÍno€conviction€left€to€reinstate.€€ÌÌà àà àThis€court€has€no€authority€to€reinstate€unless€theÏtrial€judge€has€validated€the€verdict€by€approval€in€the€role€ofÏthirteenth€juror.€€Absent€that,€the€verdict€is€invalid.€€òòDavisóó,Ï613€S.W.2d€at€221.€€We€note,€however,€that€the€action€by€theÏtrial€court€does€not€appear€to€preclude€a€retrial€for€theÏdefendant€on€an€attempted€second€degree€murder€charge.€€òòIdóó.€€OurÏinterpretation€of€òòDavisóó€is€that€the€state€may€seek€a€re„indictment€and,€if€successful,€put€the€defendant€to€trial.Ì€à àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà@ àIIÌà àà àThe€defendant€next€argues€that€there€was€no€clearÏbreak€in€the€chain€of€events€between€the€offenses€sufficient€toÏsupport€separate€convictions.€€He€further€claims€that€the€trialÏcourt€erred€by€refusing€to€merge€his€convictions€for€attemptedÏfelony€murder€and€aggravated€assault€into€the€aggravated€rapeÏconviction,€thus€violating€double€jeopardy€principles.€€BecauseÏthe€conviction€for€attempted€felony€murder€must€be€reversed€andÏby€the€action€in€the€trial€court,€the€conviction€for€secondÏdegree€murder€no€longer€stands,€we€will€not€address€the€dueÏprocess€and€double€jeopardy€issues€as€œthey›€œrelate›€to€thisÍconviction.€€We€will,€however,€consider€the€challenge€to€theÏaggravated€assault€conviction.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€relies€on€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó,€817€S.W.2dÏ299€(Tenn.€1991),€for€his€assertion€that€his€due€process€rightsÏwere€violated€by€the€imposition€of€separate€convictions.€€HisÏargument,€however,€relies€primarily€upon€double€jeopardyÏgrounds.€€ÌÌà àà àIn€our€view,€due€process€principles€set€forth€inÏòòAnthonyóó€are€not€applicable.€€In€òòAnthonyóó,€our€supreme€courtÏaddressed€the€issue€of€whether€dual€convictions€of€armed€robberyÏand€aggravated€œkidnapping›€violated€the€due€process€guarantees€ofÏArt.€I,€ðð€8€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution.€€This€court,€however,Ïhas€rejected€attempts€to€interpret€òòAnthonyóó€as€meaning€that€theÏstate€should€be€prohibited€from€obtaining€convictions€forÏseparate€offenses€which€are€committed€in€the€same€criminalÏepisode€and€for€which€each€offense€requires€proof€that€theÏvictim€suffered€serious€bodily€injury.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Frank€B.ÏJackson,€Jr.€&€Robert€Joe€Randolphóó,€No.€03C01„9206„CR„00222Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€July€29,€1993),€òòperm.óó€òòtoóó€òòapp.óóÏòòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1993).€€In€òòState€v.€Olleróó,€851€S.W.2d€841,€842„43Í(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992),€where€the€defendant€was€convicted€ofÏespecially€aggravated€burglary,€especially€aggravated€robbery,Ïand€first€degree€murder,€this€court€found€that€"proving€theÏelements€of€any€of€the€alleged€offenses,€would€not€inherently€orÏnecessarily€prove€the€elements€of€either€of€the€other€twoÏoffenses."× ƒ/ ××  ×€€That€is€also€the€case€here.ÌÌà àà àThe€double€jeopardy€clauses€of€the€United€States€andÏTennessee€Constitution€protect€against€multiple€convictions€orÏpunishments€for€the€same€offense.€€Multiple€convictions€for€theÏsame€offense€cannot€stand€unless€the€offenses€supporting€theÏconvictions€are€"wholly€separate€and€distinct."€€òòState€v.€Goinsóó,Ï705€S.W.2d€648,€650€(Tenn.€1986);€òòState€v.€Pelayoóó,€881€S.W.2d€7,Ï10€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€Double€jeopardy€principles€requireÏan€analysis€of€the€following€factors€in€order€to€determineÏwhether€separate€convictions€can€be€upheld€for€offensesÏoccurring€in€a€related€transaction:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(1)€€whether€the€event€is€a€violation€ofÏtwo€distinct€statutory€provisions,ÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)€€whether€either€offense€is€necessarilyÍincluded€in€the€other,€€Ìà àÌà8 àà8 à(3)€€whether€the€offenses€require€proof€ofÏdifferent€elements,ÌÌà8 àà8 à(4)€€whether€each€offense€requires€proof€ofÏadditional€facts€not€required€by€the€other,ÏandÌÌà8 àà8 à(5)€€whether€the€legislative€intentÏsuggests€that€one€or€several€offenses€wereÏintended.ÌÌòòÓÓState€v.€Blackóó,€524€S.W.2d€913,€919„20€(Tenn.€1975);€òòState€v.ÏPelayoóó,€881€S.W.2d€at€10.€€The€key€test€in€determining€whetherÏseparate€punishments€can€be€imposed€for€offenses€arising€out€ofÏthe€same€act€or€transaction€is€"whether€each€provision€requiresÏproof€of€a€fact€which€the€other€does€not."€€òòBlockburger€v.ÏUnited€Statesóó,€284€U.S.€299,€304€(1932).ÌÌà àà àHere,€the€offenses€for€which€the€defendant€wasÏconvicted€do€not€violate€double€jeopardy€under€the€òòBlockburgeróóÏrule.€€A€person€commits€aggravated€assault€by€causing€seriousÏbodily€injury€or€using€or€displaying€a€deadly€weapon€during€theÏcommission€of€an€assault.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„102(a).€ÏAssault€is€defined€as€(1)€intentionally,€knowingly,€orÏrecklessly€causing€bodily€injury€to€another;€(2)€intentionallyÏor€knowingly€causing€another€to€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodilyÍinjury;€or€(3)€intentionally€or€knowingly€causing€physicalÏcontact€with€another€and€a€reasonable€person€would€regard€theÏcontact€as€extremely€offensive€or€provocative.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„13„101(a).€€ÌÌà àà àAggravated€rape€is€the€unlawful€sexual€penetration€ofÏa€victim€by€the€defendant€or€the€defendant€by€a€victimÏaccompanied€by€certain€listed€circumstances.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„13„502(a).€€The€circumstances€relevant€to€the€facts€here€areÏthat€(1)€force€or€coercion€was€used€to€accomplish€the€act€andÏthe€defendant€was€armed€with€a€weapon,€and€(2)€the€defendantÏcaused€serious€bodily€injury€to€the€victim.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„13„502(a)(1)€&€(2).€€A€burglary€of€a€habitation€constitutesÏaggravated€burglary.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„403(a);€òòseeóó€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðððð€39„14„401€&€„402.€€The€relevant€definition€ofÏburglary€is€when€a€person€enters€a€building€other€than€aÏhabitation€with€the€intent€to€commit€a€felony€or€theft.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„14„402(a)(1).€€An€apartment€would€qualify€as€aÏhabitation.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„401(1)(A).€€The€trialÏcourt€decided€that€the€aggravated€assault€was€a€separateÏoffense,€reasoning€that€defense€counsel€would€be€correct€had€theÏjury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€attempted€premeditated€andÍdeliberate€murder.€€We€agree.€€Each€of€these€offenses€requiresÏproof€of€a€separate€and€distinct€factual€element.€€Further,€theÏoffenses€were€the€result€of€separate€occurrences.€ÌÌà àà àEven€under€an€òòAnthonyóó€analysis,€the€convictions€wereÏseparate€and€distinct.€€While€the€offenses€were€obviouslyÏrelated,€none€were€incidental€to€the€other.€€The€stateððs€theoryÏfor€each€offense€was€based€upon€separate€acts.€The€aggravatedÏburglary€conviction€was€based€upon€the€entry€into€the€apartmentÏwith€the€intent€to€commit€rape.€€The€initial€stabbing€of€theÏvictimððs€left€hand€and€arm€constituted€the€aggravated€assault€byÏcausing€serious€bodily€injury€to€the€victim€and€by€theÏdefendantððs€use€of€a€deadly€weapon.€€A€significant€break€in€timeÏpassed€before€the€defendant€pulled€the€victim€off€the€couch€andÏraped€her.€€A€lapse€of€time€also€occurred€after€the€rape€and€hisÏattempt€to€murder€the€victim.€Accordingly,€we€find€that€theÏfacts€warranted€separate€convictions.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Phillipsóó,Ï______€S.W.2d€______€(Tenn.€1996).ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€also€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence.€€On€appeal€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongestÏlegitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferencesÍwhich€might€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2dÏ832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€theÏweight€to€be€given€their€testimony,€and€the€reconciliation€ofÏconflicts€in€the€proof€are€matters€entrusted€to€the€jury€asÏtriers€of€fact.€€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575€S.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1978).€€When€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÏchallenged,€the€relevant€question€is€whether,€after€reviewingÏthe€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€anyÏrational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elementsÏof€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657ÏS.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€465€U.S.€1073Ï(1984);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€€ÌÌà àà àThe€evidence€adduced€at€trial€established€that€theÏdefendant€was€the€person€who€attacked€the€victim.€€EyewitnessÏtestimony€from€the€victim€was€strongly€corroborated€by€theÏresults€of€the€DNA€analysis€and€blood€tests.€€In€our€view,€theÏevidence€was€clearly€sufficient€to€support€each€of€theÏconvictions.€€ÌÌà@ àIIIÌà àà àThe€defendant€claims€that€the€trial€court€erroneouslyÍinstructed€the€jury€by€giving€a€confusing€jury€charge€whichÏmisstated€the€law.€€More€specifically,€he€asserts€that€theÏverdict€forms€were€defective.ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court€has€a€duty€to€give€a€complete€chargeÏof€the€law€applicable€to€the€facts€of€the€case.€€òòState€v.ÏHarbisonóó,€704€S.W.2d€314,€319€(Tenn.),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€476€U.S.Ï1153€(1986).€€It€is€presumed€that€the€jury€follows€theÏinstructions€of€the€trial€court.€€òòState€v.€Blackmonóó,€701€S.W.2dÏ228,€233€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1985);€òòKlaver€v.€Stateóó,€503€S.W.2dÏ946€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1973).ÌÌà àà àHere,€the€trial€court€properly€instructed€the€jury€asÏto€the€applicable€law€on€each€offense.€€The€trial€court€thenÏinstructed€the€jury€that€it€should€consider€whether€theÏdefendant€was€guilty€of€attempted€felony€murder€as€charged€inÏœCount›€œOne›€of€the€indictment;€the€court€included€the€followingÏlanguage:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àIf€you€find€the€defendant€not€guilty€ofÏattempted€murder€...€in€count€one€...,Ï[n]ot€[g]uilty€would€be€your€verdict.ÌÌà8 àà8 àà àYou€would€then€proceed€to€inquireÏwhether€or€not€the€defendant€...€is€guiltyÏof€intentional,€deliberate€and€premeditatedÍattempted€murder€...€in€count€two....ÌÌÓÓSimilar€instructions€were€given€for€the€other€counts€allegingÏalternative€theories€of€guilt.€€In€an€attempt€to€avoid€confusionÏconcerning€whether€a€unanimous€verdict€would€be€required€forÏeach€offense€charged,€the€trial€court€included€the€followingÏlanguage€recommended€by€the€defendant:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àIn€order€to€convict€the€defendant€of€theÏoffense€alleged€in€each€count€of€theÏindictment€and€the€lesser€includedÏoffenses,€you€must€unanimously€agree€upon€aÏparticular€theory€of€criminality€for€eachÏoffense€alleged€and€unanimously€agree€uponÏthe€specific€events€or€acts€for€eachÏoffense€alleged€that€you€find€to€supportÏthe€theory€of€guilt€for€the€offense.€€ÓÓÌThe€verdict€forms€contained€language€similar€to€the€juryÏinstructions.€€The€trial€court€stated€that€he€saw€no€alternativeÏto€the€jury€charge€in€order€to€permit€the€jury€to€demonstrateÏwhich€theory€they€relied€upon€œbecause›€the€elements€and€mens€reaÏwere€different€for€each€offense.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€challenges€the€validity€of€the€verdictÏform€for€œCount€Three›€which€alleges€aggravated€assault€by€the€useÏof€a€weapon.€€He€argues€that€it€is€impossible€to€determineÏ"which€conduct€the€jury€found€guilt€for€in€œCount›€œThree,›€sinceÏboth€intentional€and€reckless€conduct€are€alleged€in€theÍindictment."€€The€law€allows€for€alternative€intents€to€beÏalleged€in€the€same€count.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„13„206(a);Ïòòseeóó€òòState€v.€Michael€J.€Howardóó,€No.€02C01„9503„CR„00075€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.,€at€Jackson,€March€27,€1996).€€Further,€the€trialÏcourt€properly€instructed€the€jury€on€the€definition€of€assaultÏwhich€may€be€committed€either€intentionally,€knowingly€orÏrecklessly.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„101€&€„102.€€ThisÏissue€is€meritless.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€also€asserts€that€because€of€defectiveÏverdict€forms€the€jury€failed€to€consider€œCount›€œFour›€of€theÏindictment€which€deals€with€aggravated€assault€by€the€inflictionÏof€serious€bodily€injury.€€Ordinarily,€"a€jury€should€considerÏall€counts€of€an€indictment€and€return€verdicts€as€to€all€countsÏupon€which€they€are€able€to€agree,€and€to€report€to€the€courtÏwith€respect€to€the€counts€upon€which€they€are€not€able€toÏagree."€€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó,€634€S.W.2d€670,€673€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1982).€€This€procedure€was€properly€followed€in€this€case.€€TheÏjury€considered€œCount›€œFour›€as€a€lesser€included€offense€ofÏintentional,€deliberate€and€premeditated€attempted€murder€in€theÏfirst€degree€as€directed€on€the€verdict€forms.€€The€structure€ofÏthe€verdict€forms€properly€allowed€for€separate€consideration€ofÍœCount›€œFour›€only€if€the€defendant€was€found€not€guilty€ofÏattempted€deliberate€and€premeditated€murder€and€attemptedÏsecond€degree€murder.€€Regardless,€œCount›€œFour›€was€subsequentlyÏdismissed€and€any€failure€to€consider€œCount›€œFour›€would€have€beenÏadvantageous,€not€prejudicial,€to€the€defendant.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.ÏJohnsonóó,€634€S.W.2d€at€673„74.€€ÌÌà àà àAnother€argument€asserted€by€the€defendant€is€that€theÏverdict€forms€for€œCounts›€œFive›€through€œEight›€were€erroneousÏbecause€they€are€not€set€forth€in€alternatives.€€Counts€œFive›€andÏœSix›€were€combined€on€the€verdict€forms€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àà àWe€the€Jury,€find€the€defendant,ÏGuilty€of€Aggravated€Rape€...€hav[ing]€...Ïcommitted€[rape]€by€the€following€means:ÌÌà@ à*€*€*ÌÌà8 àà8 à____€A.€€force€or€coercion€was€used€toÏaccomplish€the€act€and€the€defendant€wasÏarmed€with€a€weapon€[count€five];ÌÌà8 àà8 à____€B.€€the€defendant€caused€bodily€injuryÏto€the€alleged€victim€[count€six].ÌÌà8 àà8 à____€C.€€both€A.€and€B.€above.Ìà8 àà8 àÌÓÓCounts€œSeven›€œand›€œEight›€dealing€with€aggravated€burglary€wereÏsimilarly€combined.€€The€fact€that€the€jury€found€the€defendantÏguilty€of€only€one€count€of€aggravated€burglary€demonstratesÍthat€the€jury€interpreted€the€verdict€forms€as€separate€counts.€ÏBecause€the€trial€court€provided€the€requirement€for€unanimousÏverdicts€in€its€jury€instructions,€we€find€no€error€in€theÏverdict€forms.ÌÌà àà à€The€defendant€claims€that€the€trial€courtððs€decisionÏnot€to€provide€the€jury€with€the€indictment€was€improper.€€TheÏdefendant€fails€to€cite€any€authority€for€his€argument.€€WaiverÏresults€when€appropriate€authority€is€not€cited€for€contentionsÏasserted€on€appeal.€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€831,€836€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1987).€€Moreover,€the€defendant€initially€asked€thatÏthe€indictments€not€be€read€to€the€jury.€€Thus,€the€defendantÏhas€taken€inconsistent€positions.€€In€any€event,€the€claim€isÏwithout€merit.€ÌÌà àà àWhile€the€trial€court€commented€that€it€would€"beÏamazed€if€[the€jury]€understood€the€charge,"€we€believe€that€theÏinstructions€accurately€reflected€the€applicable€law.€€Further,Ïand€despite€its€concerns,€the€trial€court€observed€that€the€juryÏ"gave€a€lot€of€thought€to€[the]€case."€€The€record€does€notÏestablish€that€the€jury€misunderstood€the€content€of€the€charge.€ÏWe,€therefore,€conclude€that€the€instructions€and€verdict€formsÍwere€not€erroneous.€ÌÌà@ àIVÌà àà àNext,€the€defendant€claims€that€the€trial€court€erredÏby€ruling€that€the€defendant€was€not€in€custody€at€the€time€heÏmade€the€statement€to€Sergeant€McKee.€€He€claims€that€theÏstatement€should€have€been€suppressed€as€a€violation€of€hisÏright€to€òòMirandaóó€warnings.€€The€state€asserts€that€the€defendantÏwas€not€in€custody€at€the€time€of€the€questioning€and€thusÏòòMirandaóó€warnings€were€not€required.€€We€are€bound€by€the€trialÏcourtððs€determination€that€the€defendant€was€not€in€custody€atÏthe€time€of€questioning€unless€it€"clearly€appear[s]€that€thereÏha[s]€been€an€abuse€of€discretion€and€a€violation€of€the€rightsÏof€the€accused."€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€868€S.W.2d€561,€570€(Tenn.Ï1993);€òòChilds€v.€Stateóó,€584€S.W.2d€783,€788€(Tenn.€1979).€€ÌÌà àà àAt€the€suppression€hearing,€Sergeant€McKee€testifiedÏthat€he€initially€checked€on€the€victim€in€her€apartment.€€HeÏasked€the€victim€if€Ms.€Nunez,€who€lived€in€the€upstairsÏapartment,€could€watch€the€child€she€had€been€babysitting.€€TheÏvictim€told€Sergeant€McKee€that€Ms.€Nunez€knew€the€Hispanic€maleÏwho€attacked€her.€€After€Officer€Adams€informed€him€that€he€hadÍseen€a€Hispanic€male€in€the€Nunez€apartment,€Sergeant€McKee€wentÏupstairs€in€order€to€make€arrangements€for€someone€toÏtemporarily€care€for€the€baby.€€Officers€Adams,€Clanton,€andÏBarber€were€in€the€Nunez€apartment€when€Sergeant€McKee€entered.€ÏThe€defendant€sat€on€the€couch€holding€a€baby.€€None€of€theÏofficers€had€displayed€weapons€during€the€investigation.€ÏSergeant€McKee€spoke€casually€with€the€defendant€for€a€couple€ofÏminutes€before€asking€how€long€the€defendant€had€been€downstairsÏwith€the€victim.€€The€defendant€responded,€"about€an€hour€and€aÏhalf."€€Sergeant€McKee€could€not€recall€the€substance€of€theÏpreliminary€conversation€other€than€asking€the€defendantððs€name.€ÏAfter€the€incriminating€statement,€Sergeant€McKee€read€theÏdefendant€his€rights.€€The€defendant€appeared€to€have€someÏdifficulty€in€understanding.€€When€the€other€officers€discoveredÏthe€bloody€clothes€on€the€back€porch,€Officer€Adams€read€theÏdefendant€his€rights€a€second€time.€€The€defendant€was€arrestedÏshortly€thereafter.ÌÌà àà àSergeant€McKee€testified€that€the€defendant€was€"underÏsuspicion"€and€was€a€"possible€suspect"€prior€to€questioning€himÏbecause€he€was€a€Hispanic€male€in€close€proximity€to€the€crimeÏscene.€€He€stated€that€he€was€unsure€whether€he€would€haveÍallowed€the€defendant€to€leave€had€he€attempted€to€do€so.€€ÌÌà àà àOfficer€Adams€testified€that€he€was€the€first€officerÏto€discover€the€victim.€€The€victim€told€him€that€her€assailantÏwas€a€"Mexican"€male€with€long,€black€curly€hair€and€aÏmoustache.€€She€described€the€clothing€worn€by€her€assailant.€ÏThe€description€resembled€the€Hispanic€male€Officer€Adams€hadÏbeen€in€the€Nunez€apartment€as€he€searched€for€the€victim.€ÏAfter€hearing€the€description,€he€informed€the€other€officers€ofÏhis€suspicion.€€Officer€Adams€along€with€Officer€Barber€andÏOfficer€Clanton€went€to€the€upstairs€apartment€to€investigateÏfurther.€€Officer€Adams€believed€that€he€had€"reasonableÏsuspicion€...€[to€believe]€[t]hat€someone€in€the€upstairsÏapartment€was€involved€in€the€attack."€€Ms.€Nunez€allowed€theÏofficers€to€come€inside.€€Officer€Adams€told€her€what€hadÏoccurred€in€the€apartment€downstairs€and€received€permission€toÏsearch€the€apartment€and€the€back€porch€for€any€evidence.€ÏOfficer€Adams€did€not€observe€any€blood€in€the€room€or€on€theÏdefendantððs€clothing.€€ÌÌà àà àWhile€Officer€Adams€spoke€to€Ms.€Nunez,€OfficerÏClanton€found€a€bag€of€clothes€on€the€back€porch.€€Officer€AdamsÍtestified€that€the€discovery€of€the€clothes€elevated€theÏreasonable€suspicion€to€probable€cause.€€At€that€point,€heÏnoticed€that€Sergeant€McKee€was€talking€to€the€defendant.€€HeÏimmediately€went€over€to€the€defendant€and€read€him€his€rights.€ÏOfficer€Adams€did€not€question€the€defendant€further€because€heÏcould€not€determine€whether€the€defendant€understood€his€rights.€ÏThe€defendant€was€subsequently€arrested;€the€arrest€occurredÏapproximately€twenty„five€minutes€after€entering€Ms.€NunezððsÏapartment.€€ÌÌà àà àOfficer€Adams€testified€that€prior€to€entering€theÏapartment€he€"considered€the€[defendant]€detained€forÏinvestigation."€€This€fact€was€not€communicated€to€theÏdefendant.€€"A€policemanððs€unarticulated€plan€has€no€bearing€onÏthe€question€of€whether€a€suspect€was€'in€custody'€at€aÏparticular€time."€€òòBerkemer€v.€McCartyóó,€468€U.S.€420,€442Ï(1984).€Ìà àà àÌà àà àThe€trial€court€denied€the€motion€to€suppress€theÏstatement€based€on€its€finding€that€the€totality€of€theÏcircumstances€did€not€support€a€finding€of€custodialÏinterrogation.€€In€ruling€that€the€defendant€was€not€in€custodyÍat€the€time€of€the€interrogation,€the€trial€court€found€thatÏ"[t]he€defendant€was€...€a€suspect[]€but€was€not€necessarily€...Ïthe€focus€of€the€investigation."€€The€court€found€the€followingÏsupporting€facts:€€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(1)€€that€no€one€indicated€to€the€defendantÏthat€he€was€under€arrest€at€the€time€ofÏinterrogation;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)€€that€the€interrogation€took€place€in€aÏnon„coercive€atmosphere;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(3)€€that€the€defendant€was€not€isolatedÏfrom€anyone;€ÌÌà8 àà8 à4)€€that€the€interrogation€was€limited€toÏone€question,€"How€long€were€you€down€thereÏwith€that€young€girl?";€andÌÌà8 àà8 à(5)€€that€there€was€no€evidence€of€mentalÏor€physical€incapacity€due€to€age€or€otherÏhandicaps.ÌÌÓÓÌà àà àGenerally,€òòMirandaóó€warnings€must€precede€custodialÏinterrogation.€€òòMiranda€v.€Arizonaóó,€384€U.S.€436€(1966);€òòseeóóÏòòBerkemer€v.€McCartyóó,€468€U.S.€420€(1984).€€The€test€to€beÏapplied€to€determine€if€an€individual€is€in€custody€is€whether€aÏ"reasonable€[person]€in€the€suspectððs€position"€would€haveÏbelieved€himself€or€herself€to€be€"in€custody."€€òòBerkemer€v.ÏMcCartyóó,€468€U.S.€at€442;€òòseeóó€òògenerallyóó€òòState€v.€Cooperóó,€912ÏS.W.2d€756€(1995).€€Our€supreme€court€has€used€the€termsÍaccusatory€and€custodial€stages€interchangeably,€yetÏacknowledges€its€"hairline"€distinction€with€the€investigatoryÏstage.€€òòChilds€v.€Stateóó,€584€S.W.2d€at€788.€€In€òòState€v.€Morrisóó,Ï224€Tenn.€437,€443,€456€S.W.2d€840,€842€(1970),€the€totality€ofÏthe€circumstances€test€was€found€to€govern€the€classification€ofÏthe€interrogation;€the€critical€factors€were€identified€asÏfollows:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(1)€€the€nature€of€the€interrogator;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)€€the€nature€of€the€suspect;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(3)€€the€time€and€place€of€theÏinterrogation;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(4)€€the€nature€of€the€interrogation;€andÌÌà8 àà8 à(5)€€the€progress€of€the€investigation€atÏthe€time€of€the€interrogation.ÌÌ€ÌÌÓÓà àà àWhether€a€person€is€in€custody€does€not€turn€onÏwhether€the€interrogation€took€place€in€a€"coercive€environment"Ïbut€whether€the€suspect€was€"deprived€of€his€freedom€of€actionÏin€any€significant€way."€€òòOregon€v.€Mathiasonóó,€429€U.S.€492,€495Ï(1977).€€On€the€other€hand,€because€a€person€is€interrogated€inÏhis€or€her€own€home€does€not€automatically€mean€that€the€personÏis€not€in€custody.€€òòSeeóó€òòOrozco€v.€Texasóó,€394€U.S.€324€(1969).€ÏEach€case€must€be€judged€on€its€own€facts.€€Whether€or€not€aÍsuspect€in€a€case€has€been€subjected€to€a€"custodialÏinterrogation"€is€controlled€by€its€own€facts€and€all€of€theÏcircumstances€must€be€taken€into€consideration€by€the€judge€inÏmaking€that€determination.€€òòState€v.€Nakdimenóó,€735€S.W.2d€799,Ï800€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€A€central€question€is€whether€theÏsuspect€was€"deprived€of€his€[or€her]€freedom€of€action€in€anyÏsignificant€way."€€òòOregon€v.€Mathiasonóó,€429€U.S.€at€495;€òòseeóóÏòòState€v.€Furloughóó,€797€S.W.2d€631,€639€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€€€€€ÌÌà àà àHere,€following€questioning€of€the€victim,€theÏofficers€returned€to€the€Nunez€apartment€where€the€defendant€wasÏlocated€to€continue€their€investigation.€€Both€Sergeant€McKeeÏand€Officer€Adams€testified€that€the€defendant€was€underÏsuspicion.€€Prior€to€Sergeant€McKeeððs€inquiry,€none€of€theÏofficers€had€even€spoken€to€the€defendant.€€The€nature€of€theÏsingle€question,€however,€suggests€that€the€defendant€was€aÏprimary€suspect.€ÌÌà àà àWhether€the€initial€questioning€was€investigative€orÏaccusatory€is€a€close€issue€under€these€facts.€€Yet€the€trialÏcourt€is€granted€wide€latitude€in€determining€whether€a€suspectÏis€subjected€to€custodial€interrogation,€thus€requiring€theÍguarantees€of€the€Fifth€Amendment€of€the€United€StatesÏConstitution€and€Art.€I,€ðð€9€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution.€€òòSeeóóÏòòState€v.€Chandleróó,€547€S.W.2d€918,€923€(Tenn.€1977).€€Here,€theÏtrial€court€carefully€analyzed€the€facts€under€the€totality€ofÏthe€appropriate€test€as€set€forth€in€òòState€v.€Morrisóó,€456€S.W.2dÏat€842.€€Because€the€trial€court€saw€and€heard€the€witnesses€andÏhad€a€basis€for€its€determination€€that€the€defendant€was€not€inÏcustody€at€the€time€of€the€questioning,€we€cannot€find€any€abuseÏof€discretion.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€868€S.W.2d€at€570.€€Thus,Ïthe€statement€was€properly€admitted.€€€ÌÌà àà àMoreover,€the€evidence€against€the€defendant€wasÏoverwhelming.€€The€victim€identified€the€defendant.€€TheÏcircumstantial€evidence€was€particularly€incriminating.€€TheÏforensic€evidence€was€compelling.€€In€our€view,€the€admission€ofÏthis€single€inculpatory€statement,€if€erroneous,€was€harmlessÏbeyond€any€doubt.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Carpenteróó,€773€S.W.2d€1€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1989).€€ÌÌà@ àVÌà àà àThe€defendant€next€claims€that€his€sentence€wasÏexcessive.€€He€argues€generally€that€all€enhancement€factorsÍapplied€by€the€trial€court€were€erroneously€used€to€enhance€hisÏsentence€because€the€factors€are€elements€of€the€crimes€forÏwhich€he€was€convicted.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114Ï(stating€that€the€factors€listed€may€be€used€to€enhance€aÏsentence€as€long€as€the€factors€are€not€themselves€essentialÏelements€of€the€offense€as€charged€in€the€indictment).€ÏSpecifically,€the€defendant€asserts€that€consideration€of€theÏenhancement€factors€were€precluded€because€the€indictmentsÏalleged€and€the€jury€found€facts€dealing€with€the€use€of€a€knifeÏto€stab€the€victim.€€The€state€contends€that€the€defendant€hasÏfailed€to€demonstrate€that€the€sentence€was€improper.€€ÌÌà àà àWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range,€orÏmanner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€it€is€the€duty€of€this€court€toÏconduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€a€presumption€that€theÏdeterminations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„40l(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€theÏaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€courtÏconsidered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€andÏcircumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€l66,€l69€(Tenn.Ïl99l);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597€(Tenn.€1994).€ÌÌà àà àOur€review€requires€an€analysis€of€(l)€the€evidence,Ïif€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€theÏpresentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€theÏarguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)Ïthe€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense;€(5)€anyÏmitigating€or€enhancing€factors;€(6)€any€statements€made€by€theÏdefendant€in€his€own€behalf;€and€(7)€the€defendant's€potentialÏfor€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„l02,Ï„l03,&€„2l0;€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€l987).ÌÌò òà àà àó óIn€calculating€the€sentence€for€a€felony€conviction,Ïthe€presumptive€sentence€is€the€minimum€within€the€range€ifÏthere€are€no€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€40„35„210(c).€€òòButóó€òòseeóó€1995€Tenn.€Pub.€Acts€ch.€493€(amendingÏthe€statute€for€offenses€occurring€on€or€after€July€1,€1995,€toÏmake€the€presumptive€sentence€in€a€Class€A€felony€the€midpointÏin€the€range).€€If€there€are€enhancement€factors€but€noÏmitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€may€set€the€sentence€aboveÏthe€minimum.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(d).€€A€sentenceÏinvolving€both€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors€requires€anÏassignment€of€relative€weight€for€the€enhancement€factors€as€aÍmeans€of€increasing€the€sentence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(e).€€The€sentence€may€then€be€reduced€within€the€range€byÏany€weight€assigned€to€the€mitigating€factors€present.€€òòIdóó.ÌÌà àà àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trialÏcourt€found€the€following€enhancement€factors€applicable€to€theÏconvictions€for€attempted€felony€murder,€aggravated€rape€andÏaggravated€burglary:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(1)€€The€defendant€treated€or€allowed€aÏvictim€to€be€treated€with€exceptionalÏcruelty€during€the€commission€of€theÏoffense,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(5);ÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)€€The€personal€injuries€inflicted€uponÏ...€the€victim€were€particularly€great,ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(6);€andÌà àÌà8 àà8 à(3)€€The€offense€involved€a€victim€and€wasÏcommitted€to€gratify€the€defendantððs€desireÏfor€pleasure€or€excitement,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€40„35„114(7).ÌÌÓÓThe€trial€court€also€applied€enhancement€factor€(9)€inÏsentencing€the€defendant€for€attempted€felony€murder.€€Because,Ïhowever,€the€conviction€for€attempted€felony€murder€has€been€setÏaside,€we€will€not€address€whether€the€enhancement€factors€wereÏproperly€applied€to€that€conviction.€€The€trial€court€ruled€thatÏno€enhancement€factors€applied€to€the€aggravated€assaultÏconviction€and€held€that€no€mitigating€factors€applied€to€any€ofÍthe€convictions.€€Based€on€a€finding€that€the€defendant€was€aÏdangerous€offender€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4),€theÏtrial€court€imposed€consecutive€sentences.€€Because€the€trialÏcourt€properly€followed€the€sentencing€guidelines,€our€reviewÏwill€be€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€with€a€presumption€of€correctness.€€òòState€v.ÏAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.€ÌÌÓÓà8 àà8 àòòA.€€The€defendant€treated€or€allowed€theÏvictim€to€be€treated€with€exceptionalÏcruelty€(Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(5)).óóÓÓÌà àà àThe€defendant€contends€that€factor€(5),€regardingÏexceptionally€cruel€treatment€to€the€victim,€does€not€apply€toÏany€of€the€offenses.€€We€disagree.ÌÌà àà àWhether€the€victim€was€treated€with€exceptionalÏcruelty€is€not€an€element€of€the€offenses€of€aggravated€rape€andÏaggravated€burglary.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„13„502;€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðððð€39„14„401,€„402€&€„403.€€The€"exceptional€cruelty"Ïfactor€has€been€found€to€apply€in€cases€dealing€with€abuse€orÏtorture.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Davisóó,€825€S.W.2d€109,€113€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1991),€òòpermóó.€òòtoóó€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1992).€€That€is€theÏcase€here.€€While€raping€the€victim,€the€defendant€held€a€knifeÏto€her€throat€and€bit€her€breasts,€causing€bruises.€€Afterwards,Íhe€stabbed€her€67€times;€the€injuries€were€so€severe€as€toÏrequire€general€anesthesia€to€suture.€€Moreover,€he€attempted€toÏsmother€the€victim€with€a€towel€as€he€repeatedly€stated€hisÏdesire€to€kill€her.€€ÌÌà àà àWhen€applying€enhancement€factor€(5),€a€trial€courtÏ"should€state€what€actions€of€the€[d]efendant,€apart€from€theÏelements€of€the€offense€constituted€'exceptional€cruelty.'"ÏòòState€v.€Goodwinóó,€909€S.W.2d€35,€45„46€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€ÏHere,€the€trial€court€did€so.€€Further,€the€trial€court€foundÏthe€offenses€to€be€"especially€horrifying€and€shocking."€€WeÏagree.€€Thus,€the€"exceptional€cruelty"€factor€applies€to€theÏaggravated€rape€and€aggravated€burglary€conviction.€€òòSeeóó€òòStateÏv.€James€E.€Winstonóó,€No.€01C01„9302„CR„00069€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ïat€Nashville,€July€28,€1994),€òòperm.óó€òòtoóó€òòapp.óó€òòdeniedóó,€(Tenn.Ï1994).ÌÌÓÓà8 àà8 àòòB.€€The€victim€sustained€particularly€greatÏpersonal€injuries€(Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(6)).óóÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€defendant€generally€argues€that€factor€(6)€shouldÏnot€have€been€used€to€enhance€his€sentences€because€"seriousÏbodily€injury"€was€an€element€of€the€crimes€for€which€he€wasÍconvicted.€€We€cannot€agree.€ÌÌà àà àUnlawful€sexual€penetration€in€combination€withÏ"bodily€injury€to€a€victim"€is€only€one€method€by€which€a€personÏcan€commit€an€aggravated€rape.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„1„502.€ÏHere,€the€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€two€counts€ofÏaggravated€rape;€one€count€alleged€"bodily€injury"€and€the€otherÏcount€relied€upon€the€provision€dealing€with€the€use€of€force€orÏcoercion€and€the€employment€of€a€weapon.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„13„502(a)(1)€&€(2).€€The€trial€court€merged€the€findings€ofÏguilt€on€the€alternative€counts€of€aggravated€rape€andÏsubsequently€dismissed€the€count€dealing€with€bodily€injury.€ÏBecause€of€this,€the€trial€court€could€properly€apply€theÏenhancement€factor€(6)€regarding€"particularly€great€personalÏinjuries."€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€œKissingeróó,›€922€S.W.2d€482,€487„88Ï(Tenn.€1996)€(trial€court€may€properly€apply€enhancement€factorÏ(6)€where€evidence€establishes€that€physical€or€mental€injuriesÏwere€particularly€great).€€Here,€the€record€demonstrates€thatÏthe€victim€required€counseling€and€prescribed€medication€as€aÏresult€of€the€defendantððs€actions.€€Further,€the€trial€courtÏbased€its€decision€to€apply€factor€(6)€to€the€aggravated€rapeÏconviction€on€the€"physical€pain€which€must€have€been€endured€byÍsustaining€well€over€50€stab€wounds...."€€We€agree€with€thatÏdecision.€€€ÌÌà àà àAggravated€burglary€is€defined€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„14„403(a)€as€burglary€of€a€habitation€as€defined€in€ðððð€39„14„401€and€„402.€€These€provisions€do€not€include€"serious€bodilyÏinjury"€as€an€element€of€the€offense.€€Thus,€factor€(6)€was€alsoÏproperly€applied€to€the€aggravated€burglary€conviction.€ÌÌÓÓà8 àà8 àòòC.€€The€offense€was€committed€to€gratifyÏthe€defendantððs€desire€for€pleasure€orÏexcitement€(Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7)).óóÓÓÌà àà àThat€the€offenses€were€committed€to€gratify€theÏdefendantððs€desire€for€pleasure€was€also€used€to€enhance€theÏlength€of€the€sentences.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7).€€TheÏdefendant,€however,€claims€that€the€state€failed€to€meet€itsÏburden€of€demonstrating€that€the€aggravated€rape€was€sexuallyÏmotivated€as€required€by€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€34Ï(Tenn.€1993).€€We€must€disagree.€€ÌÌà àà àOur€supreme€court€has€held€that€this€factor€can€beÏapplied€in€sex€offense€cases€because€many€such€offenses€areÍcommitted€for€reasons€other€than€sexual€pleasure€or€excitement,Ïe.g.,€acts€of€violence€or€a€desire€for€control.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.ÏœKissingeróó,›€922€S.W.2d€at€490;€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€at€35.€ÏFurther,€"[t]he€motive€[for€commission€of€the€offense]€need€notÏbe€singular€for€the€factor€to€apply,€so€long€as€defendant€isÏmotivated€by€[a]€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement."€€òòState€v.ÏœKissingeróó,›€922€S.W.2d€at€490„91.€€Here,€the€trial€court€reasonedÏthat€the€factor€should€apply€because€of€"the€method€and€mannerÏof€the€commission€of€the€offense€„„€the€breaking€into€the€home,Ï...€[t]he€holding€of€the€victim€for€that€period€of€time[,]€...Ïthe€infliction€of€the€injuries€and€the€manner€in€which€they€wereÏinflicted€...."€€The€trial€court€distinguished€the€case€from€oneÏdealing€with€minimal€force€because€"it€was€not€a€situation€whereÏsome€force€was€used€...€[during€the€rape]€and€the€defendantÏfled."€€We€agree€with€that€analysis.€€ÌÌà àà àEnhancement€factor€(7)€may€also€be€applied€when€thereÏis€proof€of€pleasure€or€excitement€of€a€sexual€nature.€€òòIdóó.€ÏHere,€a€co„worker€of€the€defendant€testified€that€the€defendantÏhad€told€him€that€he€planned€to€"go€out€and€get€drunk€and€getÏsome€pussy"€the€weekend€of€the€offense.€€Further,€the€victimÏtestified€that€the€defendant€forced€her€to€remain€naked€for€aÍperiod€of€time€after€the€rape.€€While€the€state€argues€thatÏevidence€of€semen€stains€supports€the€application€of€factor€(7),Ïour€supreme€court,€however,€has€recently€ruled€that€proof€ofÏorgasm,€standing€alone,€is€insufficient€for€the€application€ofÏfactor€(7).€€òòIdóó.€€The€court€reasoned€that€"the€focus€is€on€theÏoffenderððs€motive,€not€the€eventual€result."€€òòId.óó€€Thus,€orgasmÏis€merely€a€factor€a€court€may€consider€in€determining€whetherÏto€apply€factor€(7).€€òòIdóó.€€Here€evidence€other€than€the€mereÏemission€of€semen€was€introduced€to€show€the€defendantððs€motive.€ÏUnder€these€circumstances,€it€is€our€view€that€the€trial€courtÏproperly€applied€factor€(7)€to€the€convictions€for€aggravatedÏrape€and€aggravated€burglary.€ÌÌà àà àAggravated€rape,€a€Class€A€felony,€provides€for€aÏsentencing€range€of€fifteen€(15)€to€twenty„five€(25)€years€for€aÏRange€I€offender.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(1).€€AÏRange€I€sentence€of€three€(3)€to€six€(6)€years€is€possible€for€aÏconviction€of€aggravated€burglary,€a€Class€C€felony.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(3).€€We€agree€with€the€trial€courtððsÏdecision€to€sentence€the€defendant€to€the€maximum€for€hisÏaggravated€burglary€conviction€and€to€impose€an€upper„rangeÏsentence€for€the€rape€conviction.€€Here,€however,€the€aggravatedÍassault€sentence€of€three€years€was€to€be€served€concurrentlyÏwith€the€attempted€felony€murder€conviction;€the€defendant€wasÏto€serve€his€attempted€felony€murder€sentence€consecutive€to€theÏaggravated€rape€and€aggravated€burglary.€Thus€the€trial€courtÏclearly€intended€to€impose€a€lengthy€sentence.€€We€fully€agreeÏwith€that€aim.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€raises€for€the€first€time€on€appeal€theÏissue€of€excessive€fines.€€Ordinarily,€issues€raised€for€theÏfirst€time€on€appeal€are€waived.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Burtisóó,€664ÏS.W.2d€305,€310€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983).€€Despite€this€fact,€weÏwill€address€the€merits€of€the€claim.€€€€€€€€ÌÌà àà àIn€òòState€v.€Bryantóó,€805€S.W.2d€762,€766„67€(Tenn.Ï1991),€our€supreme€court€held€that€the€constitution€did€notÏprohibit€appellate€review€of€fines.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Const.€art.€VI,€ððÏ14.€€Fines€are€generally€assessed€by€the€jury€unless€theÏdefendant€waives€this€constitutional€protection.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„301;€òòState€v.€Mahoneyóó,€874€S.W.2d€627,€630€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1993).ÌÌà àà àA€defendantððs€ability€to€pay€is€a€factor€in€theÍestablishment€of€fines.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„207(7);€òòseeóóÏòòState€v.€€Marshallóó,€870€S.W.2d€532,€542€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)Ï(stating€that€a€defendantððs€ability€to€pay€"is€not€necessarily€aÏcontrolling€[factor]");€òòState€v.€Michael€Westley€Portzeróó,€No.Ï01C01„9208„CC„00252€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€August€12,Ï1993),€òòperm.óó€òòtoóó€òòapp.óó€òòdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1993).€€Because€the€trialÏcourt€failed€to€set€forth€any€findings€of€fact€concerning€theÏdefendantððs€ability€to€pay€a€fine,€our€review€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€withoutÏa€presumption€of€correctness.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€atÏl69;€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597€(Tenn.€1994).€€€ÌÌà àà àHere,€the€jury€assessed€and€the€defendant€received€theÏmaximum€possible€fine€for€his€convictions€of€aggravated€rape,Ïaggravated€assault€and€aggravated€burglary.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€40„35„112(1)€&€(3).€€The€trial€court€made€no€specific€findingsÏabout€the€defendantððs€ability€to€pay€the€fines.€€It€is€apparentÏfrom€the€record€that€the€defendant€qualified€as€an€indigent.€€AÏdeclaration€of€indigency,€standing€alone,€does€not,€however,Ïimmunize€the€defendant€from€fines.€€It€is€merely€one€factorÏwhich€may€be€taken€into€account.ÌÌà àà àBecause€the€record€does€not€establish€why€the€finesÍare€excessive€and€because€the€defendant€has€the€burden€to€do€soÏon€appeal,€we€defer€to€the€trial€court€in€its€acceptance€of€theÏfines€recommended€by€the€jury€in€the€amount€of€$70,000.€€òòSeeóóÏòòState€v.€Milleróó,€737€S.W.2d€556,€558€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€ÏThe€seriousness€of€the€offenses€support€the€punitive€nature€ofÏthe€fine€assessed.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Marshallóó,€870€S.W.2d€at€542;ÏòòState€v.€Harold€Franklin€Jonesóó,€No.€03C01„9110„CR„330€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€July€8,€1992)€(holding€that€a€fine€ofÏ$50,000€for€a€conviction€of€second€degree€murder€was€notÏexcessive€even€though€the€defendant€claimed€to€be€an€indigent).ÌÌà@ àVIÌà àà àIn€his€last€argument,€the€defendant€argues€that€theÏtrial€court€erred€by€denying€his€motion€for€a€trial€transcriptÏto€be€used€in€preparation€for€his€motion€for€a€new€trial.€ÏSpecifically,€he€claims€that€denying€an€indigent€the€right€to€aÏtrial€transcript€amounts€to€a€violation€of€the€equal€protectionÏclauses€under€federal€and€state€law.€€òòSeeóó€U.S.€Const.€amend.ÏXIV;€Tenn.€Const.€art.€XI,€ðð€8.€€We€disagree.ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court€observed€that€defense€counsel€tookÏnotes€throughout€the€proceedings.€€Its€ruling€was€consistentÍwith€the€"policy€of€this€Court€...€not€to€order€transcriptsÏunless€[the€defendant]€can€show€...€a€need€[i.e.,€a€change€inÏcounsel]."ÌÌà àà àAbsent€a€showing€of€prejudice,€the€defendant€is€notÏentitled€to€a€trial€transcript,€at€the€expense€of€the€state,€forÏuse€in€preparing€for€a€motion€for€new€trial.€€òòSeeóó€òòSeelbach€v.ÏStateóó,€572€S.W.2d€267€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.ÏLen€Martuccióó,€No.€213€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€April€3,Ï1990),€òòperm.óó€òòtoóó€òòapp.óó€òòdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1990).€€While€our€supremeÏcourt€has€stated€that€"the€better€procedure€would€be€to€requireÏa€transcript€be€provided€the€indigent€defendant"€when€there€isÏ"any€possibility€of€need,"€òòState€v.€Elliottóó,€524€S.W.2d€473,€477Ï(Tenn.€1975),€this€court€has€determined€prejudice€does€not€occurÏwhen€trial€counsel€is€able€to€rely€upon€his€notes€taken€duringÏthe€trial€in€order€to€raise€issues€in€the€motion€for€new€trial.€ÏòòState€v.€Len€Martuccióó,€slip€op.€at€5;€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Rigginsóó,Ï645€S.W.2d€419,€420„21€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982)€(stating€that€noÏviolation€of€equal€protection€occurs€when€adequate€alternativesÏto€a€trial€transcript€are€available€for€an€indigent€defendantÏwho€requests€a€transcript€of€a€prior€proceeding€for€defenseÏpurposes).€€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€relies€upon€òòState€v.€Draperóó,€800€S.W.2dÏ489€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990),€in€support€of€his€claim.€€òòDraperóó,Ïhowever,€dealt€with€an€indigent€defendantððs€right€to€a€trialÏtranscript€on€appeal€and€not€for€purposes€of€preparing€for€aÏmotion€for€new€trial.€€òòIdóó.€at€493.€€More€importantly,€theÏdefendant€has€failed€to€show€any€prejudice€from€the€denial€of€aÏtrial€transcript;€all€grounds€in€this€direct€appeal€appeared€inÏthe€motion€for€new€trial.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.€€€ÌÌà àà àIn€summary,€we€reverse€and€dismiss€the€conviction€forÏattempted€felony€murder.€€We€otherwise€affirm€the€imposition€ofÏfines€in€the€amount€of€$70,000€and€the€sentences€imposed€for€theÏaggravated€assault,€aggravated€rape€and€aggravated€burglaryÏconvictions.€ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÓÓ________________________________à àà àà àà àà àà àGary€R.€Wade,€Judge€ÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌPaul€G.€Summers,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌJoseph€M.€Tipton,€Judge€