ÿWPC1s ùü].Úçþû$¦pÿý¿G.©5¢¤Ž.(qn>Ù­O[0MKu§¨ýìîëá„‚¾/Rû+¸5“v…µTå¿Óe(‹I¨k“¡¼*@ @Pa_£“³‘~Øñ ă¼Ö<¨¤æ«IêqýCàU¤BÎäEk Èeðïµ­¥vî 6÷©·³Tû)kN¯*#Ð!˜UO?RVÖꮄoÁã'/;ש´Ä d“ȵËBG—¾æmY—JNFLYtd?×ÎZ0ј‡x¦ŒÚ@·™t)t€Ru„ðf òÉÄ¿aÒ÷¼èè… %F w@L 0ÜŒ U:h 4¢ ¶ bÅ A' 0 h 0DˆÌã U:ê#&$$J'i+Ÿw.L3/b8U:‘>äË>U:¯DôéDU:ÝHIU:L¢XLôúN¢îRU:U BÊU;çU;"Y™]\U:ö_™0`U:Éc"dU:%ht_hçÓn D3ºoU:íoç'p 0DqU:RqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRqRq AOŒqÆÛqÛq 0D¡r D/år BsX aUbcEdUeUf6egVhUiÓ€s(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularuM%3|xu XÔ‡ôr¿ôXXÔÝ ƒ šÿÝÑ@°ÑÒ°ÒÑT@R[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7À®“XXdædæ7ÑÑ @ Ñà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€appellant€was€charged€in€a€ten€count€indictment€with€three€alternative€counts€ofÐ  Ðaggravated€kidnapping,€four€counts€of€aggravated€rape,€one€count€of€aggravated€assault,€and€twoÏcounts€of€simple€assault.€€The€State€òònolledóó€Count€2€of€the€indictment€(aggravated€kidnapping€toÐ „| Ðfacilitate€a€felony)€prior€to€its€submission€to€the€jury.€€The€jury€returned€a€guilty€verdict€as€to€CountÏ1,€aggravated€kidnapping€causing€bodily€injury,€and€not€guilty€as€to€Count€3,€aggravatedÏkidnapping€in€order€to€terrorize€the€victim.€€The€appellant€was€also€found€guilty€as€to€Counts€4€&€5,Ïaggravated€rape€(vaginal€and€anal).€The€jury€found€the€appellant€not€guilty€of€Count€6,€aggravatedÏrape€(oral€penetration),€and€guilty€of€the€lesser€offense€of€rape€in€Count€7,€aggravated€rapeÏ(vaginal€penetration).€€The€trial€court€granted€the€appellantððs€motion€for€judgment€of€acquittal€as€toÏCount€8,€aggravated€assault€committed€in€violation€of€an€order€of€protection.€€The€appellant€wasÏalso€found€guilty€of€the€misdemeanor€assaults€charged€in€counts€9€and€10.€ 7Ô‡ ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€appellant€was€charged€and€convicted€of€aggravated€rape€pursuant€to€an€exception€toÐ  Ðthe€limited€spousal€exclusion.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„502(a)(2)€(1996€Supp.);€39„13„Рƾ Ð507(b)(1)(C)€(1990).€€Likewise,€he€was€convicted€of€rape€pursuant€to€an€exception€to€the€limitedÏspousal€exclusion.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„503(a)(1)(1996€Supp.);€39„13„507(b)(1)(C).€Ð B : ÐWe€note€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„507(b)€and€(c)€do€not€define€new€and€separate€offensesÏapart€from€the€sexual€offenses€by€a€non„spouse€contained€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„501€òòetÐ ¾ ¶ Ðseq.óó€(1990).€€Rather,€the€purpose€of€these€subparts€is€to€eliminate€the€marital€exemption€forÐ ~ v Ðsexual€offenses€under€certain€circumstances.€€òòBut€cf.óó€òòState€v.€Terry€Allen€Dominyóó,€No.€01C01„Ð > 6 Ð9512„CC„00404€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€May€30,€1997),€òòperm.€to€appeal€grantedóó,€(Tenn.Ð ü ô ÐMar.€2,€1998)€(finding€spousal€rape€a€lesser€grade€offense€of€aggravated€rape).(Ð(3š$¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€®“XXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Ô‡ôr¿ôXXÔÝ ƒ šÿÝÑ@°ÑÒ°ÒÑT@R[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7À®“XXdædæ7ÑÑ @ Ñà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝSpecifically,€the€trial€court€imposed€the€following€sentences:Ð  Ðà8 ` àCount€€1:à  àAggravated€Kidnappingà  àClass€B€à È à12€yearsÐÆ¾` Ð ` Ð  Ðà ` àCount€€4:€€à  àAggravated€Rapeà  àClass€Aà È à24€yearsÐ „| Ðà ` àCount€€5:à  àAggravated€Rapeà  àClass€Aà È à25€yearsÐ B : Ðà ` àCount€€7:à  àRapeà h àà À àà  àClass€Bà È à11€yearsÐ  ø Ðà ` àCount€€9:à  àMisdemeanor€Assaultà  àClass€Aà È à11€months€29€daysÐ ¾ ¶ Ðà ` àCount€10:à  àMisdemeanor€Assaultà  àClass€Aà È à6€monthsÐ | t ÐÌThe€court€ordered€that€Counts€4,€5,€7,€9,€and€10€be€served€consecutively€to€each€other€andÏconcurrently€with€Count€1,€for€the€resulting€effective€sentence€of€sixty€years,€seventeen€months,Ïand€twenty„nine€days.à  àà h à ýÔ‡ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý"Cindyðð€is€the€appellantððs€daughter€from€his€first€marriage.€€His€first€wife€is€deceased€andÐ  Ðhis€daughter€was€in€the€custody€of€her€stepfather€and€his€present€wife.€€Custody€hearings€wereÏproceeding€due€to€allegations€that€Cindyððs€stepfather€abused€her.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ô‡ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝA€person,€legally€married€to€the€victim€and€not€ð ðliving€separate,ðð€may€commit€rape€uponÐ  Ðhis€legal€spouse€if€ð ðthe€defendant€is€armed€with€a€weapon€.€.€.ðð€or€ð ðthe€defendant€causes€seriousÏbodily€injury€to€the€victim.ðð€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„507(b)(1)(A)€&€(B). Ô‡ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€term€ð ðunlawfulðð€may€generally€refer€to€non„consensual€acts.€€òòSee€generallyóó€òòState€v.Ð  ÐJonesóó,€889€S.W.2d€225,€227€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);€€òòcfóó.€òòState€v.€Barneyóó,€No.€01C01„9509„CR„Рƾ Ð00317€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€Jul.€23,€1997)€(Peay,€J.,€dissenting),€òòjudgment€affððd€on€otherÐ „| Ðgrounds€byóó,€986€S.W.2d€545€(Tenn.€1999)€(term€ð ðunlawful€sexual€penetrationðð€is€sufficient€only€toÐ D < Ðallege€a€non„consensual€intrusion€by€the€defendantðð). Ô‡ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€term€ð ðbodily€injuryðð€includes€ð ða€cut,€abrasion,€bruise,€burn€or€disfigurement;€physicalÐ  Ðpain€or€temporary€illness€or€impairment€of€the€function€of€a€bodily€member,€organ,€or€mentalÏfaculty.ðð€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(2)€(1996€Supp.). •Ô‡ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú13Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€trial€court€stated:€ð ðHis€behavior€indicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€noÐ  Ðhesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high,€€AggravatedÏkidnapping,€any€form€of€spousal€rape,€are€all€crimes€in€which€risk€to€human€life€is€high,€in€which€inÏthis€case€bodily€injury€was€actually€inflicted.€€And€I€think€they€all€indicate€a€lack€of€any€respect€forÏlife,€a€lack€of€any€respect€for€the€person€who€at€some€point,€presumably,€Mr.€Aldridge€promised€toÏlove,€honor,€and€cherish€until€death€do€us€part.€€He€has€gone€just€as€far€as€a€human€beingÏpossibly€can€to€dishonor€those€vows€or€any€other€responsibility€to€a€spouse€that€one€can.ðð BÔ‡ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú12Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€acknowledge€that€the€appellant€captions€this€issue€as€ð ðThe€appellantððs€sentence€isÐ  Ðgrossly€disproportionate€to€his€crimes.ðð€€However,€in€support€of€this€allegation,€he€relies€on€lawÏapplicable€to€the€consecutive€sentences€imposed,€rather€than€asserting€principles€of€law€relevantÏto€an€Eighth€Amendment€challenge.€€Accordingly,€we€proceed€to€review€this€final€issue€underÐ B : ç ÐòòWilkersonóó.€€Nonetheless,€we€conclude€that€an€effective€sixty€year€sentence€is€not€grosslyÐ  Ðdisproportionate€to€the€crimes€for€which€he€has€been€convicted€so€as€to€constitute€cruel€andÏunusual€punishment€under€the€Eighth€Amendment€of€the€United€States€Constitution€or€Article€I,ÏSection€16€of€the€€Tennessee€Constitution.€€òòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€844€S.W.2d€601,€603€(Tenn.Ð B : Ð1992). %Ô‡ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€appellant€was€charged€in€a€ten€count€indictment€with€three€alternative€counts€ofÐ  Ðaggravated€kidnapping,€four€counts€of€aggravated€rape,€one€count€of€aggravated€assault,€and€twoÏcounts€of€simple€assault.€€The€State€òònolledóó€Count€2€of€the€indictment€(aggravated€kidnapping€toÐ „| Ðfacilitate€a€felony)€prior€to€its€submission€to€the€jury.€€The€jury€returned€a€guilty€verdict€as€to€CountÏ1,€aggravated€kidnapping€causing€bodily€injury,€and€not€guilty€as€to€Count€3,€aggravatedÏkidnapping€in€order€to€terrorize€the€victim.€€The€appellant€was€also€found€guilty€as€to€Counts€4€&€5,Ïaggravated€rape€(vaginal€and€anal).€The€jury€found€the€appellant€not€guilty€of€Count€6,€aggravatedÏrape€(oral€penetration),€and€guilty€of€the€lesser€offense€of€rape€in€Count€7,€aggravated€rapeÏ(vaginal€penetration).€€The€trial€court€granted€the€appellantððs€motion€for€judgment€of€acquittal€as€toÏCount€8,€aggravated€assault€committed€in€violation€of€an€order€of€protection.€€The€appellant€wasÏalso€found€guilty€of€the€misdemeanor€assaults€charged€in€counts€9€and€10.€,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ÚÔ‡ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝSpecifically,€the€trial€court€imposed€the€following€sentences:Ð  Ðà8 ` àCount€€1:à  àAggravated€Kidnappingà  àClass€B€à È à12€yearsÐÆ¾` Ð ` Ð  Ðà ` àCount€€4:€€à  àAggravated€Rapeà  àClass€Aà È à24€yearsÐ „| Ðà ` àCount€€5:à  àAggravated€Rapeà  àClass€Aà È à25€yearsÐ B : Ðà ` àCount€€7:à  àRapeà h àà À àà  àClass€Bà È à11€yearsÐ  ø Ðà ` àCount€€9:à  àMisdemeanor€Assaultà  àClass€Aà È à11€months€29€daysÐ ¾ ¶ Ðà ` àCount€10:à  àMisdemeanor€Assaultà  àClass€Aà È à6€monthsÐ | t ÐÌThe€court€ordered€that€Counts€4,€5,€7,€9,€and€10€be€served€consecutively€to€each€other€andÏconcurrently€with€Count€1,€for€the€resulting€effective€sentence€of€sixty€years,€seventeen€months,Ïand€twenty„nine€days.à  àà h à,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular êÔ‡ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€victimððs€daughter,€Dawn,€was€subpoenaed€for€trial.€€The€subpoena€was€never€servedÐ  Ðas€she€could€not€be€located.€€In€her€absence,€the€proof€developed€at€trial€indicated€that€Dawn€hadÏbeen€involved€in€a€sexual€relationship€with€the€appellant.€€Indeed,€the€victim€testified€that€theÏappellant€had€told€her€that€she€was€better€in€bed€than€her€daughter.€€Testimony€also€revealed€thatÏthe€appellant€was€engaged€in€promoting€Dawn€and€another€female€for€purposes€of€prostitution€atÏa€local€truck€stop.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ýÔ‡ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý"Cindyðð€is€the€appellantððs€daughter€from€his€first€marriage.€€His€first€wife€is€deceased€andÐ  Ðhis€daughter€was€in€the€custody€of€her€stepfather€and€his€present€wife.€€Custody€hearings€wereÏproceeding€due€to€allegations€that€Cindyððs€stepfather€abused€her.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ˜à  àÔ‡ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô“Ëôôô“ËÔ¹Ò°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝTestimony€at€trial€indicated€that€Peggy€Mitchell€and€the€appellant€enjoyed€an€intermittentРƾ Ðsexual€relationship€throughout€most€of€their€adult€lives. êÔ‡ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€victimððs€daughter,€Dawn,€was€subpoenaed€for€trial.€€The€subpoena€was€never€servedÐ  Ðas€she€could€not€be€located.€€In€her€absence,€the€proof€developed€at€trial€indicated€that€Dawn€hadÏbeen€involved€in€a€sexual€relationship€with€the€appellant.€€Indeed,€the€victim€testified€that€theÏappellant€had€told€her€that€she€was€better€in€bed€than€her€daughter.€€Testimony€also€revealed€thatÏthe€appellant€was€engaged€in€promoting€Dawn€and€another€female€for€purposes€of€prostitution€atÏa€local€truck€stop. ˜à  àÔ‡ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô“Ëôôô“ËÔ¹Ò°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝTestimony€at€trial€indicated€that€Peggy€Mitchell€and€the€appellant€enjoyed€an€intermittentРƾ Ðsexual€relationship€throughout€most€of€their€adult€lives.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d 1Ô‡#ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€#ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝAlthough€this€final€act€of€sexual€intercourse€was€not€charged€as€a€rape,€Etta€testified€atÐ  Ðtrial€that€she€did€not€consent€to€this€act.€€Rather,€she€explained€that€ð ðI€just€wanted€the€whole€thingÏto€be€over€with.€€I€knew€that€he€wasnððt€going€to€kill€me€then,€but€I€didnððt€want€to€be€beaten€againÏeither.ðð 1Ô‡ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝAlthough€this€final€act€of€sexual€intercourse€was€not€charged€as€a€rape,€Etta€testified€atÐ  Ðtrial€that€she€did€not€consent€to€this€act.€€Rather,€she€explained€that€ð ðI€just€wanted€the€whole€thingÏto€be€over€with.€€I€knew€that€he€wasnððt€going€to€kill€me€then,€but€I€didnððt€want€to€be€beaten€againÏeither.ðð Ô‡ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€two€incidents€forming€the€bases€of€the€appellantððs€convictions€for€aggravated€rapeÐ  Ðare€the€first€act€of€vaginal€penetration€following€the€victimððs€initial€beating€(count€4)€and€theÏensuing€act€of€anal€penetration€(count€5).€€The€second€episode€of€vaginal€intercourse,€whichÏoccurred€upon€the€appellant€and€Ettaððs€return€from€the€residence€of€Peggy€Mitchell,€is€the€basisÏfor€the€rape€in€count€7.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ô‡%ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€%ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€two€incidents€forming€the€bases€of€the€appellantððs€convictions€for€aggravated€rapeÐ  Ðare€the€first€act€of€vaginal€penetration€following€the€victimððs€initial€beating€(count€4)€and€theÏensuing€act€of€anal€penetration€(count€5).€€The€second€episode€of€vaginal€intercourse,€whichÏoccurred€upon€the€appellant€and€Ettaððs€return€from€the€residence€of€Peggy€Mitchell,€is€the€basisÏfor€the€rape€in€count€7.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ô‡'ô“ËôXXÔÝ ƒ € ÿÝÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€'ô“Ëôôô“ËÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€term€ð ðunlawfulðð€may€generally€refer€to€non„consensual€acts.€€òòSee€generallyóó€òòState€v.Ð  ÐJonesóó,€889€S.W.2d€225,€227€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);€€òòcfóó.€òòState€v.€Barneyóó,€No.€01C01„9509„CR„Рƾ Ð00317€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€Jul.€23,€1997)€(Peay›,€J.,€dissenting),€òòjudgment€œaffððd›€on€otherÐ „| Ðgrounds€byóó,€986€S.W.2d€545€(Tenn.€1999)€(term€ð ðunlawful€sexual€penetrationðð€is€sufficient€only€toÐ D < Ðallege€a€non„consensual€intrusion€by€the€defendantðð).,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular jÔ‡ôr¿ôXXÔÝ ƒ šÿÝÑ@°ÑÒ°ÒÑT@R[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7À®“XXdædæ7ÑÑ @ Ñà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€appellant€was€charged€and€convicted€of€aggravated€rape€pursuant€to€an€exception€toÐ  Ðthe€limited€spousal€exclusion.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„502(a)(2)€(1996€Supp.);€39„13„Рƾ Ð507(b)(1)(C)€(1990).€€Likewise,€he€was€convicted€of€rape€pursuant€to€an€exception€to€the€limitedÏspousal€exclusion.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„503(a)(1)(1996€Supp.);€39„13„507(b)(1)(C).€Ð B : ÐWe€note€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„507(b)€and€(c)€do€not€define€new€and€separate€offensesÏapart€from€the€sexual€offenses€by€a€non„spouse€contained€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„501€òòetÐ ¾ ¶ Ðseq.óó€(1990).€€Rather,€the€purpose€of€these€subparts€is€to€eliminate€the€marital€exemption€forÐ | t Ðsexual€offenses€under€certain€circumstances.€€òòBut€cf.óó€òòState€v.€Terry€Allen€Dominyóó,€No.€01C01„Ð : 2 Ð9512„CC„00404€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€May€30,€1997),€òòperm.€to€appeal€grantedóó,€(Tenn.Ð ø ð ÐMar.€2,€1998)€(finding€spousal€rape€a€lesser€grade€offense€of€aggravated€rape). ÝÔ€+X®“XXXÔÔ€+ ØX+X®“ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€+X®“X+ ØÔÐ  ÐÌAugust€20,€1999ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó'ÿÿdxd,–ûyAZ‹"Arial Regular ÝÔ€.X®“XXXÔÔ€. ØX.X®“ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€.X®“X. ØÔÐ  ÐÌAugust€19,€1999ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý,–ûyAZ‹"Arial Regular€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€®“XXdædÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýñfñ›ñfññfñ›ñfñÓ ÔþÓò òñiñœñiññsññiñßr€)*<,(j 8` `€€@EÈ ` ttx0ð árßñiññsññsñßr€,*<,(j 8` `€€@EÈ ` ttx0ð árßñsññiñ›ñiñà@% % ®àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÌà@ÖÖ(®àAT€NASHVILLEˆÌà@ÞÞ&®àMAY€SESSION,€1999ˆÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À à)Ð R J Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àNo.€01C01„9802„CC„00075Ð 80 Ðà ` àAppelleeà  àà h àà À à)Ð   Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHICKMAN€COUNTYÐ ü  Ðvs.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ð êâ  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHon.€Cornelia€A.€Clark,€JudgeÐ ÐÈ  ÐGARY€EUGENE€ALDRIDGE,à À à)Ð ¶®  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  à(Aggravated€Kidnapping;Ð œ”  Ðà ` àAppellantà  àà h àà À à)à  àAggravated€Rape,€2€cts;Ð ‚z  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àRape;€Simple€Assault,€2€cts)Ð h` Ðó óÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à  àà h àà À àà  àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:Ð  ÐÌò òJohn€P.€Cauleyó óà  àà h àò òà À àà  àPaul€G.€Summersó óÐ æÞ ÐAsst.€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ ÌÄ Ð407„C€Main€Streetà  àÐ ²ª ÐP.€O.€Box€68à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àò òDaryl€J.€Brandó óÐ ˜ ÐFranklin,€TN€€37065„0068à h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€Generalà Ð àà (# àÐ ~v Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌò òJohn€H.€Hendersonó óà h àà À àà  à2d€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÐ 0 ( ÐDistrict€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à x àà Ð àà (# àÐ ! Ðà ` àÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àò òJoseph€D.€Baughó óÐ È#À  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àò òRonald€Davisó óÐ z&r# Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àP.€O.€Box€937Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àFranklin,€TN€€37065„0937ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ ª-¢&+ ÐÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌò òDavid€G.€Hayesó óÐ 3,1 ÐJudgeÐ  ô3ì,2— ÐÓÓà@+®àòòò òOPINIONóóó óˆÐ  ÐÌà ` àThe€appellant,€Gary€Eugene€Aldridge,€was€convicted€by€a€Hickman€CountyÏjury€of€one€count€of€aggravated€kidnapping,€two€counts€of€aggravated€rape,ñfñ׃(×ñfññfñ׃×ñfñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€oneÐ l d Ðcount€of€rape,€and€two€counts€of€simple€assault.ñfñ׃ü×ñfññfñ׃ ×ñfñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€For€these€offenses,€the€trial€courtÐ 80 Ðimposed€an€effective€sentence€of€sixty€years€to€be€served€in€the€TennesseeÏDepartment€of€Correction€to€be€followed€by€an€effective€consecutive€sentence€of€Ïseventeen€months€and€twenty„nine€in€the€local€workhouse.ñfñ׃ î×ñfññfñ׃ô×ñfñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€In€this€appeal€as€ofÐ œ”  Ðright,€the€appellant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€evidence€necessary€to€sustain€hisÏconvictions€for€aggravated€rape€and€rape.€€He€also€disputes€the€propriety€of€the€trialÏcourtððs€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences.ÌÌà ` àAfter€a€review€of€the€record,€we€find€the€appellantððs€issues€without€merit.€€TheÏjudgments€of€conviction€and€sentences€entered€by€the€trial€court€are€affirmed.Ð d\ ÐÐ 0 ( Ðà@ff)®àò òBackgroundó óˆÐ  ÐÌà ` àIn€May€of€1996,€Etta€Mae€Aldridge€traveled€from€Monterrey,€California€to€theÏappellantððs€residence€in€Hickman€County€to€visit€and,€apparently,€to€discuss€theirÏprospects€for€marriage.€€The€appellant€and€Etta€Mae€had€known€each€other€forÏapproximately€two€years€and€had€engaged€in€a€long„distance€relationship€via€theÏtelephone.€€€On€June€23,€1996,€the€appellant€and€Etta€Mae€Aldridge€were€married.€ÏTwo€weeks€later,€Ettaððs€children€joined€her€in€Tennessee.€€By€August€that€sameÏyear,€the€couple€began€experiencing€marital€problems.€€The€couple€separated€andÏEtta€went€to€Arkansas€to€live€with€relatives.€€€On€October€20,€1996,€Etta€returned€toÏTennessee€to€reconcile€with€the€appellant.ÌÌà ` àOn€November€1,€1996,€the€appellant€and€Etta€traveled€to€their€respectiveÏplaces€of€employment€together,€they€shared€lunch,€and€returned€home€together€thatÏevening.€€The€appellant€was€in€a€good€mood€and€everything€seemed€ð ðfineðð€at€dinner.€Ï€During€their€meal,€the€appellant€asked€Etta€if€she€had€an€affair€while€she€was€livingÏin€Arkansas.€€Etta€denied€any€extramarital€liaison.€€Her€denial€infuriated€theÏappellant€who€overturned€the€dinner€table€and€backhanded€Etta€across€the€face.€€HeÏcalled€her€a€ð ðbitchðð€and€a€ð ðliar.ðð€€The€appellant€forced€Etta€into€the€coupleððs€bedroom,Ïwhere€he€disrobed.€€He€then€ð ðdoubledðð€his€leather€belt€and€began€beating€Etta€uponÏher€legs.€€While€being€beaten,€he€informed€her€that€ð ðhe€was€gonna€teach€[her]€to€lieÏand€to€cheat.ðð€€When€the€appellant€finally€ceased€his€beating,€he€observed€theÏbruises€he€had€inflicted€on€his€wife.€€He€apologized€to€her,€told€her€he€loved€her,€andÏinformed€her€that€he€would€never€hurt€her€again.€€The€couple€later€engaged€inÏsexual€intercourse.ÌÌà ` àOn€November€15,€1996,€Etta€picked€up€her€final€paycheck€from€her€formerÏemployer€and€completed€some€errands.€€She€then€picked€up€the€appellant€from€hisÏplace€of€employment€later€that€afternoon.€€On€the€drive€home,€the€appellant€startedÐ d9\28 Ðyelling€at€Etta€about€spending€her€paycheck.€€The€topic€then€changed€from€money€toÏð ðthe€guys€from€Arkansas€that€[Etta]€supposedly€had€an€affair€with.ðð€€Although€she,Ïagain,€denied€the€allegation,€the€appellant€ð ðbackhandedðð€her€in€the€face.€€He€thenÏinstructed€her€to€drive€onto€a€dirt€road.€€Etta€pleaded€with€the€appellant€not€to€hurtÏher.€€He€responded€that€ð ð[they]€were€going€to€settle€it€once€and€for€all.ðð€€Etta€stoppedÏthe€vehicle€and€obeyed€the€appellantððs€command€to€ð ðget€outðð€of€the€car.€€TheÏappellant€then€ð ðstarted€hitting€[her]€with€his€fist€double€handed.ðð€€The€hitting€wasÏfollowed€with€a€beating€with€his€belt.€€He€threatened€that€ð ðhe€felt€like€just€killing€[her]Ïand€throwing€[her]€into€the€river.ðð€€Etta€begged€him€to€stop€for€the€sake€of€theÏchildren.€€The€appellant€then€instructed€Etta€to€get€in€the€passenger€side€of€the€car.€ÏStill€enraged,€he€then€drove€to€another€location.€€He€stopped€the€car€and€againÏordered€her€out€of€the€car.€€ð ð[H]e€beat€[her]€some€more,ðð€threw€her€on€the€hood€ofÏthe€car,€and€began€to€choke€her.€€He€exclaimed€that€ð ðhe€wanted€the€truth€and€if€[she]Ïwasnððt€going€to€tell€the€truth,€he€was€going€to€beat€it€out€of€[her].ðð€€The€appellantÏwrapped€his€belt€around€her€neck€and€started€choking€her.€€When€he€released€hisÏhold,€Etta€fell€to€the€ground.€€He€then€placed€his€hand€in€his€pocket€and€told€Etta€thatÏð ðhe€felt€like€putting€a€bullet€in€[her]€head.ðð€€The€appellantððs€anger€subsided€and€heÏtold€Etta€to€get€back€in€the€car.€€On€the€way€home,€however,€he€again€backhandedÏher,€giving€her€a€ð ðbloody€nose.ðð€€The€victim€suffered€two€black€eyes,€a€bloody€nose,Ïand€a€swollen€lip€from€this€incident.ÌÌà ` àOn€Thanksgiving€Day,€Etta€decided€to€leave€the€appellant.€€That€evening,€sheÏleft€their€home€and,€accompanied€by€her€children,€went€to€a€motel.€€The€followingÏday,€she€went€to€a€womenððs€shelter.€€The€Hickman€County€Sheriffððs€Department€wasÏinformed€of€the€November€1€and€November€15€assaults€and€charges€were€filedÏagainst€the€appellant.€€Sometime€during€the€month€of€December,€Etta€contacted€anÏattorney€to€initiate€divorce€proceedings€against€the€appellant.€€On€December€9,Ï1996,€an€order€of€protection€issued€from€the€Hickman€County€General€SessionsÏCourt€enjoining€the€appellant€from€abusing,€threatening€to€abuse,€or€committing€anyÐ X9P28 Ðacts€of€violence€upon€Etta.€€Despite€this€order€of€protection,€Etta€encountered€theÏappellant€at€the€home€of€a€mutual€friend,€Peggy€Mitchell,€during€the€early€part€ofÏJanuary.€€The€appellant€told€Etta€that€ð ðhe€started€wanting€to€be€with€[her]€againðð€andÏthat€he€was€ð ðsorry€and€that€[they]€could€work€things€out.ðð€€Consequently,€Etta€ð ðwentÏwith€him€to€his€home€where€[they€]€made€love€that€night.ððÌÌà ` àOn€January€14,€1997,€Etta€Mae€Aldridge€filed€a€complaint€of€divorce€in€theÏHickman€County€Chancery€Court€€alleging€irreconcilable€differences€andÏinappropriate€marital€conduct.€€The€complaint€alleged€that€the€couple€last€resided€inÏthe€same€household€on€November€28,€1996.ÌÌà ` àBetween€11:00€and€12:00€p.m.€on€January€18,€the€appellant€arrived€at€EttaððsÏapartment€wanting€to€talk€with€her.€€The€appellant€attempted€to€persuade€Etta€toÏleave€the€apartment€with€him€so€they€could€talk€in€private.€€Etta€resisted.€€TheÏappellant€then€quietly€warned€her€that€if€she€did€not€accompany€him,€ð ðhe€wouldÏshoot€[her]€and€then€[her]€kids.ðð€€Etta€retrieved€her€coat€and€told€her€twenty„one€yearÏold€daughter€Dawn€to€dial€ð ð911.ðð€€It€was€later€revealed€that€Dawn€did€not€place€theÏtelephone€call€until€the€following€morning.ñfñ׃×ñfññfñ׃×ñfñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ”%Œ" ÐÌà ` àOn€the€way€to€the€appellantððs€house,€he€reminded€Etta€that€he€had€previouslyÏwarned€her,€ð ðif€he€didnððt€get€to€take€Cindy€home€with€him€on€Wednesday,ððñfñ׃ ×ñfññfñ׃×ñfñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€ð ð[Ettaððs]Ð ø*ð#( Ðlife€wouldnððt€be€worth€two€cents.ðð€€Etta€pleaded€for€him€not€to€harm€her.€€HeÏresponded,€ð ðOh,€Iððm€not€going€to€hurt€you,€Iððm€going€to€kill€you.ðð€€He€added€that€ð ðheÏwould€give€[her]€two€choices,€either€a€.357€or€a€.44.ðð€€Shortly€thereafter,€they€arrivedÐ \0T). Ðat€the€appellantððs€house€and€went€inside.€€The€appellant€then€advised€Etta€thatÏð ð[they]€could€do€it€[her]€way€or€his€wayðð€and€he€began€questioning€her€about€herÏaffairs€in€Arkansas.€€When€she€denied€having€an€affair,€he€hit€her€in€the€face.€€ÌÓÓà8 ` àAnd€then€he€grabbed€[her]€.€.€.€by€the€arm,€then€we€went€into€theÏbedroom€and€he€shut€the€door,€and€I€tried€to€grab€a€statue€and€it€fellÏout€of€my€hand,€and€then€he€grabbed€me€by€this€arm€and€he€pickedÏme€up€and€he€shoved€me€against€the€wall.€€Then€he€took€his€hand€andÏhe€choked€me€and€I€started€fighting€him€back,€I€started€kicking€andÏfighting€him€back,€and€then€I€fell€to€the€floor€and€he€started€choking€meÏsome€more€and€I€started€kicking€him€trying€to€get€him€off€of€me.€€Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àAnd€then€he€picked€me€up€and€he€threw€me€across€the€bed€and€I€hit€aÏnight€stand€and€I€cut€my€ear,€and€I€knocked€over€the€night€stand€and€aÏlamp€and€broke€it€and€he€told€me€to€sit€it€back€up,€so€I€did.€€And€thenÏhe€„€„€„€grabbed€me€again€and€he€told€me€to€take€off€my€clothes,€so€IÏtook€them€off€and€we€went€into€the€bathroom€and€the€water€pipes€hadÏbroken,€so€he€raised€the€back€of€the€toilet€and€he€dipped€a€towel€andÏhe€washed€my€face€.€.€.€and€I€thought€maybe€he€wasnððt€going€to€hurtÏme€anymore.Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` à.€.€.And€then€we€went€back€into€the€bedroom€and€he€started€hitting€meÏagain€and€he€threw€me€on€the€bed€and€he€started€choking€me,€so€IÏscratched€him€and€he€let€go,€and€then€he€kept€holding€me€down€and€IÏtwisted€his€penis€and€he€ripped€my€underwear€at€the€same€time.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à.€.€.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àHe€forcibly€had€[vaginal]€sex€with€me.€€I€told€him€no,€but€he€did€anyway.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à.€.€.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àHe€made€me€roll€over€and€he€put€some€liquid,€it€smelled€like€cherries,Ïon€me€and€he€[put€it]€.€.€.€on€my€anal€area.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à.€.€.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àAnd€then€he€had€forced€sex€with€me€there.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à.€.€.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àI€asked€him€to€quit€and€he€wouldnððt.€€I€kept€trying€to€get€away,€but€IÏcouldnððt.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à.€.€.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àIt€hurt.€€I€canððt€describe€how€bad€it€hurt.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à.€.€.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àHe€told€me€that€all€white€trash,€white€whores€liked€it.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à.€.€.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àI€got€dressed,€he€said€he€wanted€to€go€to€a€friendððs€house€.€.€.€to€PeggyÏMitchellððs€house[ñfñ׃×ñfññfñ׃×ñfñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×]€.€.€.€.€€We€went€there€because€Gary€said€he€wantedÐ ª-¢&+ Ðto€have€a€threesome€and€that€she€liked€women.€€So€when€we€got€thereÏGary€sat€in€the€recliner.€.€.€.€Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àSo€Gary€pulled€me€down€in€his€lap€and€he€raised€my€denim€skirt.€.€.€€IÏhad€on€high€knee€boots€.€.€.and€he€didnððt€let€me€put€my€underwearÏback€on.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à.€.€.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àAnd€he€pulled€my€skirt€up€and€he€showed€Peggy€„€„€and€he€asked€herÏhow€would€she€like€to€get€a€hold€of€that.ÐÀ5¸.4` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à.€.€.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à[Peggy€responded]€ððIt€looks€real€good,€Gary,€but€I€donððt€think€soÏtonight.€€I€donððt€feel€well.ðð€€So€Gary€put€my€skirt€back€down.€.€.€.€we€left.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à.€.€.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à[When€we€got€back€to€his€house]€[w]e€had€sex€again.€.€.€.Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` à.€.€.[H]e€wanted€to€have€oral€sex.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à.€.€.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àI€didnððt€want€to€do€anything€with€him.€€I€just€wanted€to€go€home.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à.€.€.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àWe€had€vaginal€sex€and€then€we€went€to€sleep.Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àÐ ` ü!` ü! ÐÌÓÓà ` àThe€next€morning,€the€appellant€told€Etta€he€loved€her€and€that€he€was€sorry.€ÏThe€couple€then€ð ðjust€made€love€again.ððñfñ׃!×ñfññfñ׃ ×ñfñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€He€asked€her€if€she€wanted€to€stay€at€theÐ h` Ðhouse€with€him.€€She€declined€his€offer.€€Later,€the€appellant€warned€Etta€that€if€sheÏtold€anyone€about€what€happened€he€would€beat€her€and€then€kill€her.€€Early€theÏnext€afternoon,€before€returning€her€home,€the€appellant€told€Etta€that€he€was€ð ðproudÏof€her€because€she€had€put€up€a€good€fight.ððÌÌà ` àÌà@++®àò òI.€€Sufficiency€of€the€Evidenceó óˆÐ ü!ô ÐÌà ` àIn€his€first€issue,€the€appellant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€not€sufficient€toÏsustain€his€convictions€for€aggravated€rape€(counts€4€and€5)€and€rape€(count€7).ñfñ׃"ˆ×ñfññfñ׃$ˆ×ñfñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Рl'd $ ÐSpecifically,€he€argues:ÌÓÓà8 ` à(1)€the€testimony€of€Etta€Aldridge€was€not€credible€because€sheÏconsistently€sought€reunion€with€the€appellant€after€episodes€ofÏphysical€abuse;Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` à(2)€the€evidence€presented€shows€that,€based€on€the€nature€of€hisÏmarital€relationship€with€the€victim,€the€incidents€of€sexual€penetrationÏwere€consensual;€andÐ ` ü!` ü! ÐÐ N1F*/ Ðà8 ` à(3)€the€second€act€of€vaginal€penetration€forming€the€basis€of€hisÏconviction€for€rape€was€ð ðòòcompletelyóó€unaccompanied€by€threat€of€forceÐ îæ Ðor€coercion€and€should€not€be€considered€an€act€of€rape.ðð€Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌÓÓFinding€them€to€be€without€merit,€we€reject€the€appellantððs€contentions.€€ÌÌà ` àWhen€reviewing€a€trial€court's€judgment,€the€appellate€court€will€not€disturb€aÏverdict€of€guilt€unless€the€facts€of€the€record€and€inferences€which€may€be€drawnÏfrom€it€are€insufficient€as€a€matter€of€law€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€theÏdefendant€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòState€v.Ð ž–  ÐTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.1982).€€In€other€words,€this€court€will€notÐ jb Ðreevaluate€or€reweigh€the€evidence€brought€out€at€trial.€€It€is€presumed€that€the€judgeÏor€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€all€reasonableÏinferences€from€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€State.€€òòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676Ð ÎÆ ÐS.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.1984);€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835Ð š’ Ð(Tenn.1978);€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.1973).€€Since€a€verdict€ofÐ f^ Ðguilt€removes€the€presumption€of€a€defendant's€innocence€and€replaces€it€with€aÏpresumption€of€guilt,€the€defendant€has€the€burden€of€proof€on€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence€at€the€appellate€level.€€òòGraceóó,€493€S.W.2d€at€476.Ð Ê#  ÐÌà ` àWe€in€turn€review€the€appellantððs€first€contention€challenging€the€credibility€ofÏEtta€Aldridge.€€Specifically,€the€appellant€argues€that€her€testimony€is€not€believableÏbecause,€even€after€his€initial€assaults€against€her€in€November€1996,€ð ðEttaÏcontinued€to€seek€reunion€with€Gary.€€Such€behavior€does€nothing€to€strengthen€theÏportrayal€of€those€assaults€offered€by€Etta€at€trial.ðð€€In€essence,€the€appellantÏrequests€that€this€court€trespass€upon€the€juryððs€responsibility€to€evaluate€theÏcredibility€of€the€witnesses€and€reweigh€the€evidence€introduced€at€the€trial€byÏreassessing€the€credibility€of€the€victim,€Etta€Aldridge.€€It€is€not€the€duty€of€this€courtÏto€revisit€questions€of€witness€credibility€on€appeal,€that€function€being€within€theÏprovince€of€the€trier€of€fact.€òòSee€generallyóó€€òòState€v.€Adkinsóó,€786€S.W.2d€642,€646Ð Ž7†06 Ð(Tenn.€1990);€€òòState€v.€Burlisonóó,€868€S.W.2d€713,€718„19€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993);€Ð Z9R28 ÐòòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.1990).€We€decline€theÐ  Ðappellantððs€invitation€to€overturn€his€convictions€by€making€a€choice€different€fromÏthat€of€the€jury.ÌÌà ` àNext,€the€appellant€contends€that€ð ðEttaððs€testimony€ñfñœñfñdepict[ingñfñ›ñfñ]€an€incredibleÏpattern€[of]€immediate€forgiveness€of€acts€of€violence€followed€[by]€voluntary€sexualÏrelationsðð€precluded€the€jury€from€concluding€that€acts€of€sexual€penetration€wereÏnon„consensual.€€Additionally,€the€appellant€specifically€challenges€his€conviction€forÏthe€spousal€sex€offense€of€rape,€arguing€that,€unlike€the€acts€supporting€hisÏconvictions€for€aggravated€rape,€this€act€of€intercourse€was€ð ðòòcompletelyóóÐ 4, Ðunaccompanied€by€threat€of€force€or€coercion€and€should€not€be€considered€an€actÏof€rape.ðð€€(emphasis€in€original).€€He€adds€that,€ð ð[ñfñœñfñi]fñfñ›ñfñ€it€were€rape€then€Gary€AldridgeÏcould€be€prosecuted€for€òòeveryóó€occasion€upon€which€he€and€Etta€ððmade€love.ððððÐ œ” Ð(emphasis€in€original).ÌÌà ` àRape,€as€charged€herein,€is€ð ðthe€unlawful€sexual€penetration€[by€force€orÏcoercion]€of€one€spouse€by€the€other€where€.€.€.[ñfñœñfñt]heñfñ›ñfñ€spouses€are€living€apart€andÏone€(1)€of€them€has€filed€for€separate€maintenance€or€divorce.ðð€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€CodeÐ œ%”" ÐAnn.€ðððð€39„13„503(a)(1);€„507(b)(1)(C).€€As€charged€in€counts€4€and€5,€aggravatedÏrape€requires€the€additional€element€of€causing€bodily€injury€to€the€victim.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€òòSeeóó€Ð 4),"& ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„502(a)(2);€„503(a)(1);€„507(b)(1)(C).€€ÌÌà ` àThe€undisputed€proof€shows€that€the€victim€and€the€appellant€had€been€livingÏapart€since€November€28,€1996,€and€that€the€victim€had€filed€for€divorce€on€JanuaryÏ14,€1997.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„507(b)(1)(C).€€Additionally,€the€appellantÐ 02(+0 Ðdoes€not€deny€the€three€acts€of€sexual€penetration,€both€vaginally€and€anally.€€òòSeeóó€Ð ü3ô,2 ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„502(a);€„503(a);€507(b)(1).€€Finally,€he€concedes€thatÐ È5À.4 Ðinfliction€of€bodily€injury€to€the€victim€accompanied€the€acts€of€sexual€penetration€inÏcounts€4€and€5.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„502(a)(2);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Lockeóó,Ð ÔÌ Ð771€S.W.2d€132,€136€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988)€(phrase€ð ðaccompanied€by€bodilyÏinjuryðð€intended€to€encompass€acts€committed€in€association€with€the€unlawfulÏsexual€penetration,€whether€the€acts€occur€before,€during€or€after€the€actual€sexualÏpenetration).€€ÌÌà ` àThus,€the€only€disputed€fact€is€the€ð ðunlawfulðð€nature€of€the€three€incidents€ofÏsexual€penetration.ñfñœñfññfñ׃×ñfññfñ׃&×ñfñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ñfñ›ñfñ€€Although€the€appellantððs€presentation€of€the€issues€is€cloudedÐ h` Ðby€his€waffling€argument,€in€essence,€the€appellant€contends€that,€€notwithstandingÏthe€filing€of€divorce,€Ettaððs€consent€to€sexual€relations€with€the€appellant€continuedÏdue€to€the€established€pattern€of€consensual€sex€following€episodes€of€physicalÏabuse.€€Moreover,€as€additional€fodder€to€his€challenge€to€his€rape€conviction€inÏcount€7,€he€argues€that€the€State€failed€to€show€that€he€perpetrated€the€vaginalÏpenetration€with€force€or€coercion.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€spousal€exclusion€set€forth€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„507(a),€excludesÏa€person€from€culpability€in€committing€a€sexual€offense€contained€in€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„13„501€òòet€seq.,óó€if€the€victim€is€his€or€her€legal€spouse.€ñfñœñfñ€€In€thoseÐ `'X $ Ðjurisdictions€which€have€retained€the€common€law€tenet€of€spousal€immunity,ñfñ›ñfñ€it€isÏsaid€that€ð ðthe€marriage€constitutes€a€blanket€consent€to€sexual€intimacy€which€theÏwoman€may€revoke€only€by€dissolving€the€marital€relationship.ðð€€Comments,€òòModelÐ È,À%* ÐPenal€Code€óóðð€213.1(8)(c)€(1980).€€Although€Tennessee€ñfñœñfñhas€codified€the€commonÐ ”.Œ', Ðlaw€defenseñfñ›ñfñ€of€spousal€exclusion,€exceptions€have€been€carved€out€of€this€òòper€seóóÐ `0X). Ðconsent€to€the€sexual€misconduct€of€oneððs€spouse.€€òòSee€generallyóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð 02(+0 Ððð€ñfñœñfñ39„13„507(a)„(c).ñfñ›ñfñ€€For€example,€as€in€the€present€case,€where€the€parties€areÐ ü3ô,2 Ðð ðliving€apartðð€and€one€of€them€has€ð ðfiled€for€separate€maintenance€or€divorce,ðð€aÏperson€is€liable€for€all€of€the€rape€and€sex€offenses€to€the€same€extent€as€if€theÏvictim€were€not€his/her€spouse.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„507(b)(1)(C).€Ð   ˜ ÐIndeed,€it€is€important€to€draw€a€line€somewhere€when€extending€the€presumption€ofÏmarital€consent.€€Obviously,€the€filing€of€divorce€signals€the€end€of€consensualÏsexual€relations€within€the€marital€relationship€so€as€to€exclude€it€from€the€reasoningÏbehind€the€spousal€exclusion.€€òòSee€generallyóó€Comments,€òòModel€Penal€Code€ððððÐ ÐÈ  Ð213.1(8)(c);€213.6(3).€€óóÐ œ”  ÐÌà ` àThe€appellant€asserts€that€his€and€Ettaððs€marital€relationship€includedÏincidents€of€physical€abuse€immediately€followed€by€forgiveness€and€sexualÏintercourse.€€The€appellantððs€supposition€that€the€nature€of€their€marital€relationshipÏimputes€the€victimððs€consent€upon€his€acts€of€forced€sexual€penetration€is€devoid€ofÏreason,€an€insult€to€the€institution€of€marriage,€and€generally,€an€indignity€to€allÏwomen.€€We€find€the€same€to€be€true€of€his€assertion€that,€because€his€wife€did€notÏphysically€resist€and€acquiesced€in€his€endeavor,€€the€second€act€of€vaginalÏpenetration,€the€basis€for€count€7,€cannot€constitute€a€rape€because€it€wasÏunaccompanied€by€force.€€ÌÌà ` àRape€is€a€truly€violent€and€reprehensible€crime.€€Even€when€accomplishedÏbehind€the€veil€of€a€marriage€license,€it€is€a€crime€of€violence€not€only€damaging€toÏthe€body,€but€scarring€upon€the€mind.€€òòDeStefanoóó,€467€N.Y.S.2d€at€512.€€EvenÐ Ä,¼%* Ðthough€the€appellant€and€Etta€were€still€legally€married,€the€appellant€cannot€hideÏbehind€the€antiquated€assumption€of€implied€consent€by€a€spouse.€€The€couple€hadÏbeen€living€separate€since€November€28,€1996,€and€Etta€filed€for€divorce€on€JanuaryÏ14,€1997.€€Our€legislature€has€determined€that,€at€this€point,€the€wifeððs€impliedÏconsent€is€dissolved.€€The€nature€of€their€marital€relationship€prior€to€the€coupleððsÐ À5¸.4 Ðseparation€is€irrelevant€in€establishing€the€non„consensual€nature€of€the€incidentsÏpresently€before€this€court.€€€Moreover,€the€appellantððs€physical€abuse€of€the€victim,Ïboth€during€their€marital€relationship€and€accompanying€the€acts€of€forced€sexualÏpenetration€in€counts€4€and€5,€indicates€that€Etta€had€a€reason€to€fear€the€appellantÏand€that€her€acquiescence€was€out€of€fear€of€further€beatings.€€During€their€briefÏmarriage,€Etta€endured€the€position€of€one€who€was€controlled,€terrorized,€andÏintimidated€by€a€combination€of€the€appellantððs€abusive€tactics€and€threats.€€Clearly,Ïa€reasonable€juror€could€conclude€that€the€sexual€intercourse€in€question€wasÏaccomplished€by€conduct€that€was€tantamount€to€force€or€coercion.€€Accordingly,€weÏconclude€that€the€evidence€at€trial€is€more€than€sufficient€to€establish€the€elementsÏof€both€rape€committed€as€an€exception€to€the€spousal€exclusion€and€aggravatedÏrape€committed€as€an€exception€to€the€spousal€exclusion.€€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443Ð ÌÄ ÐU.S.€307,€317,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€This€issue€isÏwithout€merit.ÌÌÌà@¾¾!®àò òII.€€Consecutive€Sentencesó óˆÐ È#À  ÐÌà ` àThe€trial€court€imposed€an€effective€penitentiary€sentence€of€sixty€years.€ÏPursuant€to€the€provisions€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„523€(1996€Supp.)€and€40„¼35„501(i)(2)€(1996€Supp.),€the€appellant€will€be€required€to€serve€the€entire€sentenceÏimposed€without€any€reductions€or€credits.€€Accordingly,€he€contends€that,€althoughÏthe€crimes€for€which€he€was€convicted€are€unquestionably€serious,€ð ðth[e]se€crimesÏdo€not€justify€a€òòde€factoóó€sentence€of€life€without€the€possibility€of€parole.ðð€Ð h0`). ÐSpecifically,€the€appellant€challenges€the€trial€courtððs€imposition€of€consecutiveÏsentences€as€being€premised,€not€upon€recognized€principles€of€consecutiveÏsentencing,€but€upon€the€ð ðtrial€courtððs€disdain€for€Mr.€Aldridge€as€a€human€being.ðð׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú12Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð Ð5È.4 Їà ` àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€found€the€appellantÏto€be€a€dangerous€offender€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4)(1990),׃F×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú13Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€andÐ ÔÌ Ðthat€the€appellant€has€ð ða€record€of€criminal€activity€thatððs€extensive,ðð€under€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(2).€€Furthermore,€in€imposing€consecutive€sentences€forÏcounts€4,€5,€7,€9,€and€10,€the€trial€court€determinedÓÓñfñœñfñ€ñfñ›ñfñÓÓð ð[this]€is€a€sentence€that€is€veryÏjustly€deserved€in€relation€to€the€seriousness€of€these€offenses€and€that€it€isÏappropriate€and€adequate.€.€.€.ððÌÌà ` àIn€finding€consecutive€sentences€warranted,€the€trial€court€considered€theÏappellantððs€prior€criminal€record,€including€a€prior€conviction€for€ð ðcrime€against€natureÏinvolving€the€molestation€of€his€step„daughter,ðð€the€psychological€impact€theÏoffenses€have€had€upon€the€victim;€the€severity€of€the€physical€abuse€inflicted€uponÏthe€victim;€and€evidence€of€prior€incidents€of€the€appellantððs€maltreatment€of€women,Ïincluding,€an€attempted€sexual€assault€on€a€friendððs€pregnant€girlfriend,€the€physicalÏabuse€and€sexual€assault€of€his€second€wife,€and€the€sexual€molestation€of€hisÏstepdaughter.€€Additionally,€the€trial€court€considered€the€testimony€of€the€appellant.€ÏSpecifically,€the€appellant€blamed€his€ð ðmarital€problemsðð€on€Etta,€stating€that€sheÏcomplained€ð ðabout€not€being€able€to€afford€the€things€she€wanted.ðð€€He€added€thatÏð ð[s]he€made€a€lot€of€accusations€that€are€untrue,ðð€including€her€denial€of€an€affairÏwhile€in€Arkansas.€€In€repudiation€of€the€allegations€of€his€prior€abuse€of€women,€theÏappellant€explained€to€the€court€that€ð ð[m]y€opinion€of€it€is€my€first€wife€wanted€aÏdivorce,€she€wanted€the€children,€and€thatððs€why€the€accusations€were€made.€€SinceÏthat€time€its€been€like€a€snowball€rolling€downhill.ðð€€Moreover,€in€a€somewhat€similarÐ .ˆ', Ðvein€reflecting€total€indifference€for€his€actions,€we€note€the€appellantððs€commentsÏfollowing€his€incarceration,€which€were€overheard€by€a€correctional€officer,€that€heÏjust€ð ðgave€the€bitch€what€she€asked€for.ððÌÌà ` àThis€court's€review€of€the€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence€is€òòde€novoóó€with€aÐ 80 Ðpresumption€that€the€determination€made€by€the€trial€court€is€correct.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40-35-401(d)€(1990).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Binghamóó,€910€S.W.2d€448€(Tenn.Ð ÔÌ  ÐCrim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.1995).€This€presumption€is€onlyÐ  ˜  Ðapplicable€if€the€record€demonstrates€that€the€trial€court€properly€considered€relevantÏsentencing€principles.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.1991).€We€agreeÐ 80 Ðwith€the€Stateððs€observation€that€ð ðthe€trial€court€in€this€case€addressed€sentencing€inÏan€uncommonly€thorough€and€meticulous€manner.ðð€€Accordingly,€as€conceded€byÏthe€appellant,€the€presumption€of€correctness€applies€to€the€courtððs€decision.€ÏMoreover,€the€appellant€bears€the€burden€of€proving€the€impropriety€of€theÏconsecutive€nature€of€the€sentences€imposed€in€this€case.€€Sentencing€CommissionÏComments,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€à p à€Ð "ø ÐÌà ` àWhile€consecutive€sentences€should€not€be€routinely€imposed,€SentencingÏCommission€Comments,€Tenn€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115,€òòGray€v.€Stateóó,€538€S.W.2dÐ d'\ $ Ð391,€393€(Tenn.€1976),€when€one€or€more€statutory€criteria€are€present,€theÏimposition€of€consecutive€sentences€is€within€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court.€€òòStateÐ ü*ô#( Ðv.€Tayloróó,€739€S.W.2d€227,€228€(Tenn.€1987);€Sentencing€Commission€Comments,Ð È,À%* ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„115.€€€A€finding€by€the€trial€court€that€one€of€these€factorsÏexists€is€not€alone€sufficient€to€justify€the€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences.€€ð ðTheÏproof€must€also€establish€that€the€terms€imposed€are€reasonably€related€to€theÏseverity€of€the€offenses€committed€and€are€necessary€in€order€to€protect€the€publicÏfrom€further€criminal€acts€by€the€offender.ðð€€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€938Ð Ä5¼.4 Ð(Tenn.€1995).€€Notwithstanding€proof€of€these€three€criterion,€a€sentencing€courtÏretains€the€discretion€of€imposing€consecutive€sentences.€€On€appeal,€the€exerciseÐ \9T28 Ðof€the€trial€courtððs€discretion€is€afforded€great€weight,€provided€the€court€correctlyÏapplied€the€principles€of€consecutive€sentencing.€€Moreover,€in€determining€whetherÏthe€trial€court€providently€exercised€its€discretion,€ð ðthe€overriding€concernðð€is€theÏfairness€of€the€resulting€sentence€under€all€the€circumstances.€ÌÌà ` àUpon€òòde€novoóó€review,€we€conclude€that€the€imposition€of€consecutiveÐ ü  Ðsentences€is€appropriate.€€Although€not€disputed€on€appeal€by€the€appellant,€theÏrecord€supports€the€trial€courtððs€findings€regarding€the€appellantððs€classification€asÏboth€a€dangerous€offender€and€a€multiple€offender.€€Moreover,€we€find,€based€onÏthe€evidence€presented€and€the€trial€courtððs€findings,€that€the€aggregate€sentencesÏare€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€and€that€an€extended€sentenceÏis€necessary€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€acts€of€the€appellant.€TheÏappellant€has€failed€to€establish€that€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€in€orderingÏconsecutive€sentences.€€Thus,€we€conclude€that€consecutive€sentences€areÏwarranted€in€the€present€case.ÌÌà ` àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€the€judgments€of€conviction€and€sentencesÏentered€by€the€trial€court€are€affirmed.Ìœñfñœ›ñfññgñÐ  d'\ $ Ðñgñ›ÌÌÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àñfñœ›œñfñà À àñfñ›œñfñ____________________________________òòñfñ›ñfñÐ l d Ðñfñœ›ñfñà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àóóDAVID€G.€HAYES.€JudgeÐ R J ÐÌœñhñÌñhñ›ÌÌCONCUR:Ìñfñœñfññcññbñ\ñbññcññdñÌñdññfñ›ñfñÌñfñœñfñ______________________________________ñfñ›ñfñÌñfñœñfñJERRYñfñ›ñfñ€L.€SMITH,€JudgeÌñfñœñfññañÌñaññfñ›œñfññeñÌñeññfñ›ñfñÌñfñœñfññañ››ñaññ_ñ______________________________________ñ_ññ_ñ›ñ_ñòòñfñ›ñfñÐ ø ÐóóNORMA€ñfñœñfññ`ñMCGEE€ñ`ñOGLE,ñfñ›ñfñ€Judge