ÿWPC  …# VUNa %¯ 0(µ4Ýñ w 0J 0TT 0^¨ 0h 0rn 0|à 0†\ 0â 1ur 0dç U>K B)‰ DC² AMõ U*Blv~‡vÓ BØ D3õ 0@( AOhÆ· 0D} D/Á Bð˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡·‚^!3|xÓ€2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d7Border 1dd€-Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€!ÔÔ€!ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€!XÔÌÌò òDecember€23,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€!ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò d%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÑ  ÑÓÓòòÓ  ÓÑ7€%XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÙ€€ÙßR€ "A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRßÞ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌJULY€1996€SESSIONóóÌÓ  ÓÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à€€€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€)à àC.C.A.€NO.€03C01„9602„CR„00063€€€€€Ìà àà àAppelleeà àà àà à€€€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€)à àHamilton€CriminalÌvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€)à àHonorable€Russell€C.€HinsonÌWILLIE€LEE€BALLARD,à à€à àà à€€€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€)à à(Consecutive€Sentencing)Ìà àà àAppellantà àà àà à€€€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€ÌÌÓÓÌÌÓÓòòFor€Appellant:à àà àà àà àà àFor€Appellee:ÌÌóóHank€Hillà àà àà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌHank€Hill€&€Associates,€Attys.,€P.C.à àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌ701€Cherry€Street,€Suite€200ÌChattanooga,€Tennessee€€37402à àà àà àRobin€L.€HarrisÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌòòà àà àà àà àóóà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€Tennessee€€€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àGary€D.€GerbitzÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àC.€Leland€DavisÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDavid€DennyÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralsÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à600€Market€StreetÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCourts€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àChattanooga,€Tennessee€€37402ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED_______________ÌÌSENTENCE€MODIFIEDÌÌWILLIAM€M.€DENDER,€SPECIAL€JUDGEÌÌòòÓÓÓ  ÓÌOPINIONóóÌÌÓ  Óà àOn€April€29,€1995,€appellant€was€found€guilty€by€a€jury€of€two€counts€of€aggravatedÏassault.€€On€April€27,€1995,€appellant€had€pleaded€guilty€to€the€offenses€of€attempted€especiallyÏaggravated€robbery€and€attempted€aggravated€robbery€of€the€same€victims€of€the€aggravatedÏassaults.€€On€June€30,€1995,€the€trial€court€sentenced€appellant€to€eleven€years€for€attemptedÏespecially€aggravated€robbery,€five€years€for€attempted€aggravated€robbery€and€six€and€five€yearsÏrespectively€on€the€aggravated€assaults.€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€appellant€was€a€dangerousÏoffender€and€ordered€the€five€year€sentence€for€attempted€aggravated€robbery€to€be€servedÏconsecutively€to€the€eleven€year€sentence€for€attempted€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€The€trialÏcourt€ordered€the€sentences€for€aggravated€assault€to€run€concurrently€with€the€first€sentence.€€AtÏthe€hearing€on€the€Motion€For€New€Trial,€the€trial€court€vacated€the€convictions€for€aggravatedÏassault€and€ruled€that€those€charges€merged€with€the€attempted€robbery€charges.€€This€left€appellantÏwith€a€sentence€of€eleven€years€plus€a€sentence€of€five€years€to€be€served€consecutive€to€theÏsentence€of€eleven€years,€for€a€net€sentence€of€sixteen€years.€€This€is€appellant's€appeal€as€of€right.ÌÌà àThe€sole€issue€is€consecutive€versus€concurrent€sentencing.ÌòòÓ  ÓÌFACTSÌÓ  ÓÌóóà àAppellant€and€a€co„defendant,€Eric€Brown,€started€riding€around€with€no€particularÏdestination,€listening€to€music€on€the€car€stereo.€€There€was€a€semiautomatic€9mm€carbine€in€the€carÏnear€the€driver,€and€appellant€testified€it€was€there€because€a€car€had€been€following€him€after€heÏpulled€over€in€front€of€it;€but€that€the€other€car€had€later€gone€on€about€its€business.€€They€went€toÏHamilton€Place€Mall,€where€they€saw€appellant's€cousin€and€a€girl€friend.€€According€to€appellant,Ïhis€cousin€asked€him€to€take€then€to€Martin€Luther€King€Boulevard,€and€the€two€got€in€the€backÏseat€of€appellant's€car.€€Appellant€testified€that€he€had€enough€gas€to€get€back€home,€but€that€he€didÏnot€have€enough€gas€to€go€to€Martin€Luther€King€Boulevard;€and€that€he€decided€to€rob€two€youngÏgirls€he€saw€in€the€parking€lot,€because€he€did€not€want€to€tell€them€he€was€broke.€€The€two€girlsÏwere€Melissa€Gray€and€Melissa€Thach.€€Appellant€admits€that€he€pulled€up€alongside€the€girls€andÏsaid,€"Hey,€give€me€that€bag."€€The€girls€made€no€move€to€comply,€and€appellant€testified€heÏ"brought€the€gun€up";€and€that€the€gun€discharged€accidentally.€€Ms.€Gray€fell€to€the€ground,Ïhaving€been€shot€in€the€back€part€of€the€head.€€Appellant€testified€that€he€had€no€intention€ofÏharming€the€young€lady,€and€that€he€heard€one€shot.€€Appellant€left€the€scene€and€took€nothingÏfrom€the€victims.€€Appellant€turned€himself€in€the€next€day€and€gave€a€statement.ÌÌà àOn€July€26,€1994,€Melissa€Dawn€Gray€and€Melissa€Thach,€a.k.a.€Mel,€were€leaving€the€petÏstore€of€Hamilton€Place€Mall,€where€they€worked.€€Melissa€and€Mel€were€on€their€way€to€Mel'sÏcar,€and€Melissa€was€carrying€a€back€pack€and€some€cat€supplies.€€Melissa€Thach€testified€that€asÏthey€were€putting€the€supplies€in€Mel's€car,€a€car€"pulled€up€and€there€was€a€bunch€of€laughter€andÏshouting€and€the€driver€of€the€car€yelled€at€us€to€give€us€what€you've€got€or€you're€going€to€beÏshot."€€ÌÌà àMs.€Gray€testified€that€she€remembered€"putting€something€in€and€I€remember€seeing€a€carÍdrive€up€and€they€were€talking€but€I€have€no€idea€what€anything€was€said.€€The€next€thing€IÏremember€is€I€was€laying€there€or€I€heard€sirens€and€people€talking€over€me."ÌÌà àAsia€Williams,€the€cousin's€girl€friend€who€was€in€the€car,€testified€appellant€told€the€girls,Ï"Give€me€everything€you€got€or€I'm€going€to€kill€you."ÌÌà àMichelle€Pascucci€was€employed€in€the€mall,€and€while€emptying€the€trash€in€the€dumpster,Ïshe€noticed€two€black€men€in€a€car.€€She€testified€"I€didn't€like€the€way€that€they€looked€at€me,€itÏjust€unnerved€me."€€When€she€walked€toward€her€car,€the€appellant€and€the€co„defendant€wereÏdriving€in€front€of€her.€€She€saw€the€car€drive€"right€up€to€the€area€where€my€car€was€parked€andÏstopped€and€I€was€like€great.€€And€,€let's€see,€I€was€waiting€for€them€to€drive€away€and€the€all€of€aÏsudden€I€heard€four€shots."€€She€further€testified€she€"saw€them€turn€out€their€lights€and€start€offÏslowly€and€then€speed€up€and€then€drive€out€of€the€parking€lot."€€She€further€testified€she€noticedÏsomeone€"lying€on€the€ground€but€I€didn't€want€to€get€too€close€because€I€didn't€know€who€it€wasÏor€what€was€going€on."€€She€recognized€Mel€as€she€came€running€toward€the€mall,€and€MelÏinformed€her€that€Melissa€had€been€shot.ÌÌà àThe€record€establishes€that€the€injuries€of€Ms.€Gray€were€extremely€serious,€and€that€sheÏsuffered€permanent€and€disabling€injuries.€€In€spite€of€her€condition,€she€has€made€a€tremendousÏrecovery€and€maintains€a€good€attitude,€and€we€commend€her€for€her€stamina.€€These€commentsÏare€not€meant€in€any€way€to€take€away€from€the€life€threatening€situation€surrounding€her€injuries.€ÌÌÓ  ÓANALYSISÌÓ  ÓÌà àIn€examining€the€propriety€of€a€sentence€rendered€against€a€criminal€defendant,€this€CourtÏmust€conduct€a€òòde€novoóó€review€based€on€the€record.€€This€Court€must€presume€that€theÏdeterminations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€T.C.A.€€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€If€the€review€by€thisÏCourt€reveals€that€the€trial€court€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€pursuant€to€the€Tennessee€CriminalÏSentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€after€having€given€proper€consideration€and€weight€to€the€relevantÏsentencing€factors€under€the€Act,€and€the€sentence€is€based€on€findings€of€fact€which€are€adequatelyÏsupported€by€the€record,€then€this€Court€may€not€disturb€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court.€ÏòòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€The€appellant€has€the€burdenÏof€establishing€that€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€was€erroneous.€€SentencingÏCommission€Comments€to€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„401(d);€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.Ï1991);€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,€880€S.W.2d€720,€727€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).ÌÌà àThe€Sentencing€Reform€Act€provides€that€the€sentence€imposed€shall€be€one€that€is€"justlyÏdeserved€in€relation€to€the€seriousness€of€the€offense."€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„102(1).€€The€Act€alsoÏmandates€that€the€sentence€be€the€least€severe€measure€necessary€to€achieve€the€purposes€of€the€ActÏand€that€inequalities€should€be€avoided.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„103(3),€(4);€òòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€atÏ168.ÌÌà àThe€record€in€this€case€does€not€include€a€presentence€report,€but€there€was€a€report€filed€inÏthe€jury€conviction€cases,€which€were€dismissed€as€being€merged€into€the€offenses€to€which€theÏappellant€had€pleaded€guilty.€€Statements€made€during€the€sentencing€hearing€indicate€that€the€onlyÏprior€criminal€record€of€the€appellant€was€as€a€juvenile,€and€includes€possession€of€alcoholicÏbeverages€by€a€minor€and€possession€of€an€unloaded€25€caliber€automatic€gun.€€AppellantÏapparently€has€no€criminal€record€as€an€adult.ÌÌà àòòState€v.€Woodsóó,€814€S.W.2d€378,€380€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991),€announced€a€four€prongÏtest€to€determine€whether€a€defendant€may€be€classified€as€a€"dangerous€offender"€for€consecutiveÏsentencing€purposes:ÌÓÓà0 à(1)€€the€defendant's€behavior€indicates€"little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,"€and€he€did€notÏhesitate€"about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€is€great;"ÌÌà0 à(2)€€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€commission€of€the€offense€are€aggravated;ÌÌà0 à(3)€€confinement€for€an€extended€period€of€time€is€necessary€to€protect€society€from€theÏdefendant's€unwillingness€to€"lead€a€productive€life€and€[his]€resort€to€criminal€activity€inÏfurtherance€of€[his]€anti„social€lifestyle;"€and€ÌÌà0 à(4)€€the€aggregate€length€of€the€sentences,€if€consecutive€sentencing€is€ordered,€reasonablyÏrelates€to€the€offenses€of€which€the€defendant€stands€convicted.ÌÌÓÓÌà àòòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933€(Tenn.€1995),€limited€the€applicability€of€the€òòWoodsóóÏdecision€somewhat€by€only€requiring€that€the€defendant€meet€the€definition€of€€a€"dangerousÏoffender,"€that€there€exist€a€need€to€protect€the€public€or€society,€and€that€there€be€a€reasonableÏrelation€between€the€nature€of€the€offender's€specific€crimes€and€the€total€length€of€his€sentences.ÌÌà àòòGray€v.€Stateóó,€538€S.W.2d€391,€393,€defined€a€"dangerous€offender"€as€one€whose€crimesÏ"for€which€he€is€convicted€indicate€that€he€has€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitationÏabout€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high."€ÌÌà àòòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€òòsupraóó,€states:ÌÓÓà0 àAs€stated€above,€the€Act€essentially€codified€the€holdings€of€the€Court€in€òòGrayóó€and€òòTayloróó.€ÏSection€40„35„115€requires€proof€of€particular€facts€defining€an€offender€subject€toÏconsecutive€sentences.€€The€rationale€for€consecutive€sentences€stated€in€òòGrayóó€and€òòTayloróó€isÏthat€they€be€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€committed€and€serve€to€protectÏthe€public€(society)€from€further€criminal€acts€by€those€persons€who€resort€to€aggravatedÏcriminal€conduct.€€This€statement€of€principle€cannot€be€separated€into€a€set€of€discreteÍfindings€of€fact€which€in€every€case€would€justify€the€imposition€of€consecutive€sentencing.€ÏIt€does,€however,€recognize€those€limitations€on€consecutive€sentencing€established€by€theÏCourt,€that€consecutive€sentences€cannot€be€imposed€unless€the€terms€reasonably€relate€toÏthe€severity€of€the€offenses€committed€and€are€necessary€in€order€to€protect€the€public€fromÏfurther€serious€criminal€conduct€by€the€defendant.ÌÌà0 àProof€that€an€offender's€behavior€indicated€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life€and€noÏhesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high,€is€proof€thatÏthe€offender€is€a€dangerous€offender,€but€it€may€not€be€sufficient€to€sustain€consecutiveÏsentences.€€Every€offender€convicted€of€two€or€more€dangerous€crimes€is€not€a€dangerousÏoffender€subject€to€consecutive€sentences;€consequently,€the€provisions€of€Section€40„35„115€cannot€be€read€in€isolation€from€the€other€provisions€of€the€Act.€€The€proof€must€alsoÏestablish€that€the€terms€imposed€are€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€the€offensesÏcommitted€and€are€necessary€in€order€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€acts€by€theÏoffender.€€In€addition,€the€Sentencing€Reform€Act€requires€the€application€of€the€sentencingÏprinciples€set€forth€in€the€Act€applicable€in€all€cases.€€The€Act€requires€a€principledÏjustification€for€every€sentence,€including,€of€course,€consecutive€sentences.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102(1);€40„35„103(1)(2);€40„35„113;€40„35„114€(1990€&€Supp.Ï1994).€€Unfortunately€for€ease€of€application,€"sentencing€is€inescapably€a€human€processÏthat€neither€can€nor€should€be€reduced€to€a€set€of€fixed€and€mechanical€rules."ÌÌà0 à.€.€.ÌÌà0 àà àAs€previously€stated€in€this€opinion,€the€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences€on€anÏoffender€found€to€be€a€dangerous€offender€requires,€in€addition€to€the€application€of€generalÏprinciples€of€sentencing,€the€finding€that€an€extended€sentence€is€necessary€to€protect€theÏpublic€against€further€criminal€conduct€by€the€defendant€and€that€the€consecutive€sentencesÏmust€reasonably€relate€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€committed.ÌÌÓÓÌà àThe€criminal€conduct€of€the€appellant€clearly€establishes€that€he€is€a€"dangerous€offender."ÌÌà àNo€evidence€was€offered€in€the€sentencing€hearing€except€for€the€testimony€of€Ms.€Gray'sÏmother€and€a€statement€by€the€appellant.€€There€was€no€evidence€concerning€the€requirement€that€anÏextended€sentence€is€necessary€to€protect€the€public€against€further€criminal€conduct€by€theÏappellant,€and€there€was€no€finding€by€the€trial€judge€that€such€a€sentence€was€necessary.€€ThereÏwas€no€evidence€that€the€appellant€was€involved€in€any€criminal€conduct€other€than€that€involved€inÏthe€cases€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó.€€In€discussing€consecutive€sentences€at€the€end€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€theÏtrial€judge€stated:ÌÒ ` ÒÒ X ÒÓÓThe€State€feels€that€Mr.€Ballard€qualifies€as€a€dangerous€offender,€Item€4,€under€40„35„115.€€Item€4€is€the€only€one€that€applies€if€any€does.€€"The€defendant€is€a€dangerousÏoffender€whose€behavior€indicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life€and€no€hesitation€aboutÏcommitting€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€great."ÌÌWhile€I€still€make€no€judgment€about€the€jury€verdict€one€way€or€the€other,€it€is€obviousÏthat€Mr.€Ballard€was€engaging€in€„€„€well,€complies€with€this,€engaging€in€behaviorÏindicating€little€or€no€regard,€carrying€a€weapon€like€that,€having€a€weapon€like€that.€€HeÏhad€no€business€whatever€carrying€a€gun€like€that€and€carrying€it€where€he€was€carrying€itÏor€carrying€it€anywhere€for€that€matter€or€ever€owning€a€gun€like€that,€whether€he€owns€itÏor€not€doesn't€enter€into€this,€but€carrying€it€like€that.€€I€think€No.€4€does€„€„€I€said€moreÏthan€is€included€in€No.€4€but€I€do€find€that€he€is€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behaviorÏindicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life€and€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€inÏwhich€risk€to€human€life€is€great.€€I€am€going€to€follow€the€Attorney€General'sÏrecommendation€on€that€and€make€the€5€year€sentence€in€case€No.€202972€run€consecutiveÏto€„€„€General?ÌÌÓÓÌÒ  ÒÒ X Òà àWe€are€unable€to€find€any€evidence€in€the€record€which€we€feel€would€support€a€findingÏthat€an€extended€sentence€is€necessary€to€protect€the€public€against€further€criminal€conduct€by€theÏappellant.€€Appellant's€conduct€was€horrendous,€but€we€do€not€find€that€such€conduct€qualifiesÏappellant€for€consecutive€sentences€under€the€guidelines€set€forth€in€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€òòsupraóó.€€ÌÌÓ  ÓHOLDINGÌÓ  ÓÌà àFor€the€reasons€stated€herein,€the€sentence€in€Case€No.€202971€is€ordered€to€run€concurrentÏwith€the€sentence€in€Case€No.€202975.€€These€cases€are€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€allÏnecessary€proceedings€not€inconsistent€with€this€opinion.€€à à€€€€ÌÓÓÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà à__________________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€M.€Dender,€Special€JudgeÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJoseph€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌDavid€G.€Hayes,€Judge