ÿWPCC" …U:V % 0Ü–w@r 4² Æ ´Õ 0 ‰ 0D© 0Jí 0T7 0^‹ 0hé 0rQ 0|à 0†? 0Å 1uU 0dÊ B.U*KB)uDCž AMá§.{ÕŠPv~ÚvÓX D3+ 0@^ AOž Æí 0D³! D/÷! B&",c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ ‰ŠE‹ŒEŽUU‘U’Ó€Ô¡¨ BB3|x›kidnappingprepatoryfacilitatorySlobodionMaderaCal.App DistRyion(Ð(3±™$¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€éÐXXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d""""7Border 1dd€-#Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ! ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€!ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€!XÔÌÌJulyÏ23,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAp…pellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó qÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€!ôÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀéÐXXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóAs€to€each€occurrence,€the€victim€testified€that€"[The€appellant]€would€place€his€hand€onÏmy€penis€and€start€rubbing,€place€his€mouth€on€my€penis€and€suck€.€.€.€."Ì €Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€!ôÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7À)ÏXXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€appellant€concedes€that€his€separate€convictions€for€aggravated€sexual€battery€andÏrape€of€a€child€will€withstand€double€jeopardy€scrutiny€under€a€òòBlockburgeróó€analysis.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýò òÙ€€ÙßR€$%#A1-j|`   `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌà@ àJUNE€SESSION,€1996ÌÌœÌÌ›ÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€01C01„9509„CR„00317Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àDAVIDSON€COUNTYÌvs.à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€WALTER€C.€KURTZ,€JudgeÌWILLIAM€HENRY€BARNEY,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Rape€of€a€Child,€AggravatedÌà àAppellantà àà àà à)à àSexual€Battery,€and€Sentencing)ÌÌœó óÌÌ›Ìò òà@ àòòSEPARATE€CONCURRING€OPINIONÌÌÓÓÌà àóóó óWhile€I€concur€in€the€results,€I€do€so€for€reasons€other€than€those€reachedÏby€the€majority.€€Accordingly,€I€write€separately€addressing€the€issues€of€(1)Ïsufficiency€of€the€indictment,€and€(2)€the€appellantððs€due€process€claims.ÌÌà àFirst,€the€majority€finds€the€indictment€to€be€valid,€relying€upon€òòState€v.ÏMarshallóó,€870€S.W.2d€532,€537€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€I€also€find€theÏindictment€valid,€however,€I€find€òòMarshallóó€inapplicable€to€this€case.€€In€òòMarshallóó,Ïthis€court€held€that€the€òòmens€reaóó€is€an€essential€element€of€an€offense€and,Ïtherefore,€must€be€included€in€the€indictment.€€òòIdóó.€at€537.€€Moreover,€if€theÏrequisite€òòmens€reaóó€is€implicit€in€the€allegations€contained€in€the€indictment,€theÍindictment€is€adequate.€€òòIdóó.€€The€majority,€apparently€applying€this€rational,Ïconcludes€that€the€requisite€mental€states€of€aggravated€sexual€battery€andÏrape€of€a€child€are€"implicitly€included€in€the€charging€instrument."€€I€respectfullyÏdisagree.€€I€would€adhere€to€this€court's€position€in€òòState€v.€Disonóó,€No.€03C01„9602„CC„00051,€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€Jan.€31,€1997),€in€which€weÏheld€that,€when€the€statute€defining€the€offense€charged€does€not€include€aÏspecific€mental€state,€it€is€a€general€intent€crime€and€does€not€require€theÏallegation€of€a€specific€mental€state€in€the€charging€instrument.€€€Neither€crime€ofÏaggravated€sexual€battery€nor€rape€of€a€child€defines€the€mental€state€within€theÏstatutory€definition€of€the€offenses.€€This€is€consistent€with€the€legislative€intentÏbecause€there€is€no€one€mental€state:€either€intent,€œknowledge,›€or€recklessnessÏwill€suffice€to€establish€the€culpable€mental€state.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„301(c).€€The€majority,€by€concluding€that€"intentional"€is€the€requisite€mentalÏstate€for€aggravated€sexual€battery,€has€improperly€placed€upon€the€State€aÏhigher€burden€of€proof€than€is€statutorily€œrequired.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.›€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„504.€€Accordingly,€I€would€find€that€the€mental€state,€in€the€instant€offenses,€isÏnot€an€essential€element€of€these€offenses€and,€therefore,€need€not€be€allegedÏin€the€indictment.̛̜à àSecond,€the€appellant€contends€that€his€five€convictions€for€aggravatedÏsexual€battery€should€merge€with€his€five€convictions€for€rape€of€a€child.€€MoreÏspecifically,€the€appellant€argues€that€his€conduct,€which€involved€rubbing€theÍvictimððs€penis€in€each€instance,€was€necessarily€incidental€to€the€offense€of€rapeÏand€must€be€viewed€as€part€and€parcel€of€one€crime.€€Admittedly,€the€appellant'sÏconduct,€which€furnished€the€factual€basis€for€the€convictions€for€aggravatedÏsexual€œbattery,›€immediately€preceded€the€act€of€rape.× ƒ& ××  ×€€€The€majority€analyzesÏthe€issue€presented€under€due€process€principles€addressed€in€òòState€v.ÏAnthonyóó,€817€S.W.2d€299€(Tenn.€1991).€€I€find,€however,€that€the€issue€beforeÏœus,›€more€œappropriately,›€implicates€principles€of€double€jeopardy.€€Typically,ÏòòAnthonyóó€claims€involve€factually€unrelated€offenses,€the€underlying€issue€beingÏwhether€one€offense€is€incidental€to€the€other,€e.g.€whether€kidnapping€isÏincidental€to€the€rape.€€€This€is€not€the€situation€before€us.€€The€question€we€mustÏresolve€is€whether€the€appellantððs€conduct€constitutes,€as€he€claims,€only€oneÏcrime€which€stems€from€an€indivisible€course€of€conduct,€i.e.€rape€of€a€child€or,Ïas€the€State€claims,€two€separate€and€distinct€offenses€of€aggravated€sexualÏbattery€and€rape.€€If,€as€the€appellant€asserts,€the€conduct€constitutes€but€oneÏoffense,€then€the€double€jeopardy€protection€against€multiple€punishment€for€theÏsame€offense€would€bar€separate€punishment€for€the€unlawful€sexual€œcontact.× ƒ' ××  ×›€ÏòòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Phillipsóó,€924€S.W.2d€662,€664€(Tenn.€œ1996).›ÌÌà à€To€determine€whether€the€touching€of€the€victim's€penis€was€a€necessaryÏact€for€the€completion€of€the€rape€or€whether€the€touching€was€an€act€discreteÏand€separate€from€the€subsequent€œrape›€requires€consideration€of€the€following:Ï(1)€whether€the€act€was€merely€committed€in€preparation€or€facilitation€of€theÏsubsequent€rape;€(2)€whether€the€accused€sustained€a€separate€and€distinctÏintent€for€each€act;€and€(3)€whether€the€legislature€intended€to€proscribeÏpunishment€for€each€separate€act.€€òòPhillipsóó,€924€S.W.2d€at€665.€€Often€times,€inÏcases€involving€sex€offenses,€determining€whether€the€act€was€"prepatory"€orÏ"facilitatory"€is€not€easily€ascertained.€€€The€problem€for€the€trial€judge€is€furtherÏcompounded€by€the€fact€that€there€is€little€uniformity€on€this€subject.€€Generally,€ifÏthe€sexual€contact€would€be€considered€a€part€of€the€rape,€e.g.,€the€removal€ofÏclothing,€the€application€of€lubricant,€etc.,€then€the€contact€is€merely€"prepatory"Ïand€cannot€be€the€basis€of€a€separate€conviction.€€However,€the€mereÏprobability€that€an€unlawful€contact€may€occur€in€the€same€criminal€episode€as€aÏrape€does€not€render€it€"prepatory"€nor€does€it€insulate€the€unlawful€touchingÏfrom€separate€œpunishment.€€€If€the€contact€was€clearly€not€a€part€of€the€rape,€butÏa€part€of€a€separate€course€of€conduct,€it€can€be€held€a€separate€offense.€€òòSeeóó€ÏòòPeople€v.€Slobodionóó,€191€P.2d€1,€5€(Cal.€1948).›ÌÌà àœFurthermore,›€a€distinction€exists€between€sexual€contact€designed€toÏarouse€and€that€contact€solely€intended€to€facilitate€the€rape.€€Contact€intendedÏto€arouse€is€capable€of€producing€its€own€attendant€fear,€humiliation,€pain,€and€œÌÌÌdamage›€to€the€victim.€€òòSeeóó€€òòPhillipsóó,€924€S.W.2d€at€665.€€Each€contact€requiresÏa€purposeful€act€on€the€part€of€the€perpetrator€committed€to€seek€sexualÏgratification€or€inflict€abuse.€€òòIdóó.€€Finally,€the€statutes€at€issue€serve€differentÏpurposes.€€While,€as€applicable€to€the€instant€case,€both€statutes€protect€smallÏchildren,€rape€of€a€child€is€a€crime€of€violence€and€addresses€solely€those€evilsÏassociated€with€sexual€penetration.€€òòSeeóó€€òòRyionóó,€No.€01C01„9511„CC„00365.€ÏAggravated€sexual€battery,€on€the€other€hand,€involves€sexual€gratification€andÏseeks€to€punish€the€prurient€impulses€of€the€perpetrator.€€òòIdóó.€€Clearly,€theÏlegislature€sought€to€punish€the€two€as€distinct€harms€for€which€protectionÏthrough€the€criminal€law€is€appropriate.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€œ39„11„101.›ÌÌà àSimply€because€two€or€more€sexual€offenses€are€committed€in€closeÏproximity€to€the€other€does€not€mean€that€they€may€not€form€the€basis€forÏseparate€convictions.€€òòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Dentonóó,€938€S.W.2d€373,€381€(Tenn.€1996)Ï(Discrete€acts€can€justify€multiple€convictions.);€òòPhillipsóó,€924€S.W.2d€at€662.€ÏClearly,€an€offender€should€not€be€rewarded,€under€the€pretense€of€doubleÏjeopardy€or€other€constitutionally€afforded€protections,€for€repeated€acts€ofÏdeviant€behavior€upon€his€victim.€€The€proof€in€the€record€establishes€that€theÏappellant€harbored€multiple€criminal€objectives€of€aggravated€sexual€batteryÏand€rape€and€that€the€sexual€contact€was€not€simply€prepatory€to€the€rape.€€TheÍtrial€judge,€in€the€instant€case,€observed:€€ÌÓÓà8 à.€.€.€[I]f€the€facts€in€this€case€were€that€[the€appellant]€touched€a€sexÏorgan€in€order€to€get€the€sexual€organ€to€his€mouth.€.€.that€wasÏobviously€necessary€to€commit€the€act.€€.€.€.[T]he€testimony€is€thatÏhe€appears€to€have€began€rubbing€up€and€down.€€Now,€that€wouldÏindicate€a€separate€act€of€masturbation€unrelated€to€just€movingÏthe€sex€organ€to€where€he€could€put€his€mouth€on€it.ÌÌÓÓI€agree.€€The€unlawful€touching€of€the€victim's€penis€was€not€merely€prepatory€toÏor€a€means€of€facilitating€the€subsequent€oral€penetration.€€It€was€unnecessaryÏfor€the€appellant€to€ð ðmasturbateðð€the€victim€in€order€for€him€to€accomplish€the€actÏof€fellatio.€€Thus,€the€appellant's€conduct€of€"rubbing€up€and€down"€constitutes€aÏseparate€and€distinct€act€from€that€of€rape.€€For€the€foregoing€reasons,€I€wouldÏaffirm€the€appellant's€five€convictions€for€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€€€€ÌœÓÓÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€Judgeà àà àà àà àà à›ÌÌà àà àò ò