ÿWPC3 5# ö % 0Dw@K4‹Ÿ®U:¶U:ð 0ˆ* 0D² 0Jö D3@ 0TsÆÇ 0^ 0hë 0rS 0|Å 0†A 0Ç 1uW 0dÌ U *0 B)Z DCƒ AMÆ  B# AO@ Æ 0`U 0@µ 0Dõf9 D/Ÿ Bκë=¥v~âvÓ`˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ X(ñÄ$¡¡Ò€°ÒÒX°Ò 3{45D67[8E9[:;E<Ó€Ô¡¨ 3|xE, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularÂ"Arial Regular(8(3Åå$¤¤Ý ƒñÄ!ÝÒ€°ÒÒX°ÒÝ  Ýà Ø àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô(((('ÿÿdxd2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 52, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d$$$$7Border 1dd*,%Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÔ€#ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€#XÔÌÌJulyÏ23,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó d*,-/Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(83¼$¢¢Ý ƒñÄ!ÝÒ€°ÒÒX°ÒÝ  Ý("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\Ñ00'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd °Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€#ôÔThe€Appellant€filed€his€brief€in€this€case€on€November€21,€1995.€€On€August€7,€1996,€theÏAppellant€filed€supplemental€authority€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure€27(d)€andÏ36(a)€alleging€that€the€indictment€was€insufficient.Ì 3Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€#ôÔIt€is€this€Courtððs€policy€to€refer€to€child€sex€victims€and€their€families€by€initials€only.Ô€#XÔÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€#ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  Ý›Ñ  ÑÑ € ÑÓÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€ i¶ XXdðdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ќـ*ÙßR€&'%A1-j|` , `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌAT€NASHVILLEÌJUNE€1996€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)à àNO.€01C01„9509„CR„00317Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà àà à)à àœDAVIDSON›€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌV.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€WALTER€C.€KURTZ,€JUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌWILLIAM€HENRY€BARNEYà àà à)à à(Rape€of€a€Child,€AggravatedÏà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àSexual€Battery,€andÏSentencing)Ìà àAppellantà àà àà àà à)Ìà à€€€€€€€€€à àà àà àà àà à)ÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTà àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEEóóÌÌKarl€Deanà àà àà àà àà àà àœJohn€Knox€Walkup›ÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌ1202€Stahlman€Buildingà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌNashville,€Tennessee€37201à àà àà àNashville,€Tennessee€37243„0493Ìà àà àà àà àà àÌJeffrey€A.€DeVasherà àà àà àà àSarah€M.€Branchà àÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌ1202€Stahlman€Buildingà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌNashville,€Tennessee€37201à àà àà àNashville,€Tennessee€37243„0493ÌÌJoan€A.€Lawsonà àà àà àà àà àVictor€S.€Johnson,€IIIÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌ1202€Stahlman€Buildingà àà àà àà àWashington€SquareÌNashville,€Tennessee€37201à àà àà à222€2nd€Avenue,€North,€Ste€500Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€Tennessee€37201ÌJerrilyn€ManningÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àWilliam€R.€Reed€Ì1202€Stahlman€Buildingà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌNashville,€Tennessee€37201à àà àà àWashington€SquareÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à222€2nd€Avenue,€North,€Ste€500Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€Tennessee€37201ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:______ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌWilliam€M.€Barker,€JudgeÌÑ€.ÑÇòòÓÓÓ  ÓOpinionóóÌÓ  Óà àThe€Appellant,€William€H.€Barney,€appeals€as€of€right€his€convictions€andÏsentences€for€aggravated€sexual€battery€and€rape€of€a€child.€€He€argues€on€appealÏthat:ÌÓÓÓ` °ƒX˜ h—XÓà0 à(1)à àHis€indictment€insufficiently€alleged€the€elements€of€the€offensesÏaggravated€sexual€battery€and€rape€of€a€child.× ƒ1 ××  ×ÌÌà0 à(2)à àHis€constitutional€due€process€rights€were€violated€when€the€trial€courtÏallowed€separate€convictions€for€aggravated€sexual€battery€to€stand€when€theÏunlawful€sexual€contacts€were€essentially€incidental€to€rape€of€a€child.ÌÌà à(3)à àThe€trial€court€erred€in€imposing€excessive€sentences.ÌÌà à(4)à àThe€trial€court€erred€in€imposing€consecutive€sentences.ÌÌÓÓFollowing€a€careful€review€of€the€record€on€appeal,€we€conclude€that€no€reversibleÏerror€appears€with€respect€to€the€Appellantððs€convictions€and€sentences.ÌÓ  ÓFactual€BackgroundÌÓ  Óà àIn€July€1992,€the€Appellant€moved€in€with€the€B× ƒ2 ××  ×€family€to€take€care€of€the€threeÏB€boys€while€their€father€worked€nights€and€evenings.€€The€Appellant,€at€the€time€aÏforty„seven„year€old€man,€took€a€special€interest€in€ten„year€old€K.€€The€AppellantÏspent€a€lot€of€time€with€K,€watching€television,€taking€him€to€Opryland,€and€going€toÍthe€movies.€€In€November,€that€same€year,€the€Appellant€left€the€B€family€and€movedÏaway€from€Tennessee€and€Kððs€father€hired€a€live„in€nanny€to€care€for€K€and€his€otherÏsons.Ìà àIn€May€of€1993,€the€Appellant€unexpectedly€returned€to€the€B€residence.€€HeÏasked€the€nanny€if€he€could€come€in€and€visit€K.€€When€the€nanny€asked€K€if€heÏwanted€to€see€the€Appellant,€K€became€upset€and€refused€to€see€him.€€The€nannyÏasked€K€why€he€was€upset,€and€in€response,€K€told€her€that€the€Appellant€hadÏmolested€him.Ìà àAccording€to€Kððs€testimony€at€trial,€during€the€period€from€July€to€November,Ï1992,€on€at€least€five€specific€occasions,€the€Appellant€entered€Kððs€bedroom€after€KÏhad€gone€to€bed.€€In€the€bedroom,€the€Appellant€first€pulled€down€Kððs€pajama€pants,Ïthen€rubbed€Kððs€penis€with€his€hand,€and€finally€fellated€him.€€K€also€specificallyÏremembers€at€least€four€occasions€when€the€Appellant€anally€penetrated€him€and€atÏleast€two€other€occasions€when€the€Appellant€performed€anilingus€on€him.Ìà àAfter€K€told€the€Nanny€that€he€had€been€molested€by€the€Appellant,€she€calledÏKððs€father,€who€asked€her€to€immediately€call€the€police.€€When€the€police€arrived,€theÏAppellant€was€still€at€the€B€residence.€€The€police€officers€asked€K€to€tell€them€whatÏhad€happened€with€regard€to€the€Appellant,€and€after€taking€a€statement€from€K,€theÏpolice€arrested€the€Appellant.€€In€police€custody,€the€Appellant€admitted€to€the€penisÏrubbing,€the€fellatio,€and€one€attempted€incident€of€anal€sex.Ìà àBased€on€the€foregoing€evidence,€the€Appellant€was€found€guilty€by€a€jury€ofÏhis€peers€of€eleven€counts€of€rape€of€a€child€and€seven€counts€of€aggravated€sexualÏbattery.€€He€was€sentenced€to€seventeen€and€one„half€years€for€each€count€of€rape€ofÏa€child€and€ten€years€for€each€count€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€The€trial€courtÏordered€the€eleven€counts€of€rape€of€a€child€partially€concurrent€and€partiallyÏconsecutive€to€one€another€for€a€total€sentence€of€seventy€years.€€The€trial€courtÏordered€the€aggravated€sexual€battery€counts€concurrent€to€one€another,€butÏconsecutive€to€the€rape€of€a€child€sentences.€€The€Appellant€received€an€aggregateÏsentence€of€eighty€years€imprisonment.ÌòòÓ  ÓI.€€The€IndictmentóóÌÓ  Óà àThe€Appellant€first€argues€that€his€indictment€did€not€allege€the€òòmens€reaóó€of€theÏoffenses€aggravated€sexual€battery€and€rape€of€a€child.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àThe€Appellant,€in€making€this€argument,€relies€upon€this€Courtððs€holding€inÏòòState€v.€Roger€Dale€Hill,€Sr.óó,€C.C.A.€No.€01C01„9508„CC„00267€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÏNashville,€June€20,€1996)€òòperm.€to€app.€grantedóó€(Tenn.,€Jan.€6,€1997).€€In€òòHillóó,€a€panelÏof€this€Court€found€an€indictment,€which€alleged€that€the€defendant€ð ðunlawfullyÏsexually€penetratedðð€his€less€than€thirteen„year€old€victim,€fatally€defective€because€itÏdid€not€explicitly€allege€that€the€defendant€sexually€penetrated€the€victimÏintentionally,€knowingly,€or€recklessly.€€Here,€the€Appellant€argues€that€hisÏindictments€for€rape€of€a€child€and€aggravated€sexual€battery€are€fatally€defectiveÍbecause€they€do€not€explicitly€state€the€requisite€òòmens€reaóó€of€the€offenses;€namelyÏthat€they€were€committed€intentionally,€knowingly,€or€recklessly.€Ìà àTo€protect€individualððs€due€process€rights,€the€United€States€and€TennesseeÏconstitutions€guarantee€that€all€criminally€accused€shall€be€informed€of€ð ðthe€natureÏand€cause€of€[any]€accusation.ðð€€U.S.€Const.€amend.€VI;€Tenn.€Const.€art.€I,€ðð€9.€€TheÏTennessee€Legislature,€to€supplement€and€clarify€the€constitutional€provisions,€hasÏprovided€that€an€indictment€must€ð ðstate€the€facts€constituting€the€offense€in€ordinaryÏand€concise€language,€without€prolixity€or€repetition,€in€such€a€manner€as€to€enable€aÏperson€of€common€understanding€to€know€what€is€intended.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„13„202€(1990).€€To€survive€constitutional€scrutiny,€an€indictment€(1)€must€notify€theÏdefendant€of€the€specific€charges,€(2)€it€must€enable€the€trial€court€upon€conviction€toÏenter€an€appropriate€judgment€and€sentence,€and€(3)€it€must€protect€the€defendantÏagainst€double€jeopardy.€€òòState€v.€Trustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€305,€309€(Tenn.€1996).€Ìà àTo€satisfy€the€notice€requirement,€as€enumerated€in€òòTrustyóó,€ð ð[t]he€indictmentÏmust€contain€factual€allegations€òòrelatingóó€to€every€essential€element€of€the€offense.€€òòIdóó.Ï(citing€òòState€v.€Morganóó,€598€S.2.d€796,€797€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1979))€(emphasisÏadded);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Marshallóó,€870€S.W.2d€532,€537€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€TheÏfactual€allegations€must€also€òòrelateóó€to€the€element€of€scienter.€€òòMarshallóó,€870€S.W.2dÏat€537.€€In€providing€the€factual€allegations,€it€is€not€necessary€that€the€indictmentÏtrace€the€language€of€the€statute.€€Indeed,€the€indictment€will€be€sufficient€if€theÍelements€of€the€offenses€ð ðare€necessarily€implied€from€the€[factual]€allegationsÏmade.ðð€€òòIdóó.€at€538€(citing€òòHagner€v.€United€Statesóó,€285€U.S.€427,€430,€52€S.Ct.€417,Ï419,€76€L.Ed.€861€(1932)).Ìà àThis€Court,€in€òòMarshallóó,€also€stated€that€ð ðreference€to€a€criminal€statute€shouldÏnot€suffice€in€terms€of€replacing€the€necessary€factual€allegations.ðð€€In€making€thatÏstatement,€this€Court€relied€upon€òòMcCracken€v.€Stateóó,€489€S.W.2d€48€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1972)€and€òòCole€v.€Stateóó,€512€S.W.2d€598€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1974).€€Upon€aÏclose€reading,€however,€òòMcCrackenóó€and€òòColeóó€only€stand€for€the€proposition€thatÏwhen€a€factually€sufficient€indictment,€by€clerical€error,€quotes€a€different€codeÏprovision€than€what€was€intended,€the€trial€court€may€treat€the€reference€to€the€statuteÏas€surplusage.€€òòColeóó,€512€S.W.2d€at€601„02;€òòMcCrackenóó,€489€S.W.2d€at€51.€Ìà àHere,€the€Appellant€was€indicted€for€seven€counts€of€aggravated€sexualÏbattery€and€fourteen€counts€of€rape€of€a€child€pursuant€to€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated,€sections€39„13„504€and€39„13„522.€€With€respect€to€the€seven€counts€ofÏaggravated€sexual€battery,€all€seven€indictments€stated:ÌÓÓà8 àTHE€GRAND€JURORS€of€Davidson€County,€Tennessee,€dulyÏimpanelled€and€sworn,€upon€their€oath,€present€that:€ÌÓ  ÓWILLIAM€HENRY€BARNEY€ÌÓ  Óà8 àon€a€day€between€July1,1992,€and€November€30,€1992,€in€DavidsonÏCounty,€Tennessee€and€before€the€finding€of€this€indictment,€didÏengage€in€unlawful€sexual€contact€with€[K.B.,€the€victim],€a€child€lessÏthan€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age,€in€violation€of€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€ðð€39„13„522,€and€against€the€peace€and€dignity€of€the€StateÏof€Tennessee.€€€€€ÓÓÌThe€indictment€traced€the€definition€of€aggravated€sexual€battery€as€it€is€provided€inÏthe€Tennessee€Code.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„522.€€That€definition,€and€thusÏalso€the€indictment,€does€not€explicitly€state€the€crimeððs€requisite€òòmens€reaóó.€€TheÏCode,€however,€provides€the€òòmens€reaóó€in€its€definition€of€ð ðsexual€contact.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„501(6)€(1991).€€It€provides€that€sexual€contact€is€theÌÓÓà8 àòò[œI]ntentional›óó€touching€of€the€victimððs,€the€defendantððs,€or€any€otherÏpersonððs€intimate€parts,€or€the€òòintentionalóó€touching€of€the€clothingÏcovering€the€immediate€area€of€the€victimððs,€the€defendantððs,€or€anyÏother€personððs€intimate€parts,€if€that€òòintentionalóó€touching€can€beÏreasonably€construed€as€being€for€the€purpose€of€sexual€arousal€orÏgratification.ÌÌÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„501(6)€(emphasis€added).€€The€crime€of€aggravated€sexualÏbattery,€as€stated€in€the€indictments,€therefore,€by€implication,€provide€the€requisiteÏelement€of€that€crime;€namely,€that€it€has€to€be€intentional.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€John€Jamesóó,ÏC.C.A.€No.€01C01„9601„CR„00016€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Mar.€27,€1997);ÏòòState€v.€Larry€Steve€Wilsonóó,€C.C.A.€No.€03C01„9511„CC„00355€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÏKnoxville,€Mar.€27,€1997);€òòState€v.€Milton€S.€Jonesóó,€C.C.A.€No.€02C01„9503„CR„00061(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€Mar.€7,€1997);€òòState€v.€Burrellóó,€C.C.A.€No.€03C01„9404„CR„00157€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Feb.€11,€1997).€€Ìà àMoreover,€as€a€general€rule,€it€is€sufficient€if€the€indictment€states€the€offenseÏcharged€in€the€words€of€the€statute,€or€with€words€which€are€the€equivalent€to€theÏwords€contained€in€the€statute.€€òòState€v.€Phillip€Ray€Griffis€and€Melissa€Faith€Rogersóó,ÍC.A.A.€No.€01C01„9506„CC„00201€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Apr.€30,€1997)Ï(citing€òòCoke€v.€Stateóó,€345€S.W.2d€673,€674€(Tenn.€1961);€òòState€v.€Overtonóó,€245ÏS.W.2d€188,€189€(Tenn.€1951);€òòStanfield€v.€Stateóó,€181€S.W.2d€617,€618€(Tenn.€1944);ÏòòJordan€v.€Stateóó,€3€S.W.2d€159,€160€(Tenn.€1928);€òòState€v.€Tateóó,€912€S.W.2d€785,€789Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)).€€€Ìà àThe€Appellant€was€also€indicted€for€fourteen€counts€of€rape€of€a€child.€ÏIndictments€one€through€seven€provided:ÌÓÓà8 àTHE€GRAND€JURORS€of€Davidson€County,€Tennessee,€dulyÏimpanelled€and€sworn,€upon€their€oath,€present€that:€ÌÓ  ÓWILLIAM€HENRY€BARNEY€ÌÓ  Óà8 àon€a€day€between€July1,1992,€and€November€30,€1992,€in€DavidsonÏCounty,€Tennessee€and€before€the€finding€of€this€indictment,€òòdidÏengage€in€unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€[K.B.,€the€victim]óó,€a€child€lessÏthan€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age,€in€violation€of€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€ðð39„13„522,€and€against€the€peace€and€dignity€of€the€StateÏof€Tennessee.€€€€€ÌÓÓThe€indictments€for€counts€eight€through€fourteen€provided:Ìà8 àÓÓà àTHE€GRAND€JURORS€of€Davidson€County,€Tennessee,€dulyÏimpanelled€and€sworn,€upon€their€oath,€present€that:€ÌÓ  ÓWILLIAM€HENRY€BARNEY€ÌÓ  Óà8 àon€a€day€between€July1,1992,€and€November€30,€1992,€in€DavidsonÏCounty,€Tennessee€and€before€the€finding€of€this€indictment,€òòdid€causeÏ[K.B.,€the€victim]óó,€a€child€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age,òò€to€engageÏin€unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€William€Henry€Barneyóó,€in€violation€ofÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€39„13„522,€and€against€the€peace€andÏdignity€of€the€State€of€Tennessee.€€€€€ÓÓÌà àSexual€penetration€is€defined€as€ð ðsexual€intercourse,€cunnilingus,€fellatio,€analÏintercourse,€or€any€other€intrusion,€however€slight,€of€any€part€of€a€personððs€body€or€ofÍany€object€into€the€genital€or€anal€openings€of€the€victimððs,€the€defendantððs,€or€anyÏother€personððs€body€.€.€.€.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„501(7)€(1991).€€We€recognizeÏthat€this€definition€does€not€explicitly€provide€a€requisite€òòmens€reaóó€for€sexualÏpenetration.€€òòSeeóó€òòMilton€S.€Jonesóó,€€C.C.A.€No.€02C01„9503„CR„00061.€€However,Ïaccording€to€the€indictmentsðð€language,€it€is€alleged€that€the€Appellant€engaged€inÏsexual€penetration,€as€previously€defined,€with€the€victim,€a€child€less€than€thirteenÏ(13)€years€of€age,€and€that€the€Appellant€did€cause€the€victim€to€sexually€penetrateÏhim.€€Upon€only€a€cursory€reading€of€the€indictment,€any€person€of€normalÏintelligence€would€realize€that€the€only€sound€implication€of€the€factual€allegations€isÏthat€these€acts€were€at€least€reckless,€if€not€knowing€or€intentional.€€We€conclude€thatÏthe€necessary€òòmens€reaóó€is€implicitly€included€in€the€charging€instrument,€andÏtherefore€the€indictments€are€sufficient.€€To€the€extent€that€òòHillóó€held€otherwise,€aÏmajority€of€this€panel€respectfully€disagrees.€€Ó  ÓòòII.€€The€Due€Process€ClaimóóÌÓ  Óà àThe€Appellant€contends€that€his€constitutional€due€process€rights€wereÏviolated€when€the€trial€court€allowed€separate€convictions€for€aggravated€sexualÏbattery€to€stand€when€the€unlawful€sexual€contacts€were€essentially€incidental€to€rapeÏof€a€child.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àThe€Appellant€was€convicted€of€five€counts€of€aggravated€sexual€battery€forÏrubbing€Kððs€penis€with€his€hand€before€performing€fellatio.€€The€Appellant€now€claimsÏthat€the€rubbing€of€Kððs€penis€was€essentially€incidental€to€the€fellatio,€and€that,Ítherefore,€the€aggravated€sexual€battery€convictions€cannot€stand€separate€from€theÏrape€of€a€child€convictions.Ìà àThe€test€formulated€to€resolve€whether€such€convictions€violate€due€processÏwas€established€in€òòState€v.€€Anthonyóó,€817€S.W.2d€299€(Tenn.€€1991).€€In€òòAnthonyóó,€ourÏSupreme€Court€stated€that€the€question€to€be€posed€is€whether€a€crime€is€ð ðessentiallyÏincidental€to€the€accompanying€felony€and€is€not,€therefore,€sufficient€to€support€aÏseparate€conviction€for€[that€crime],€òòoróó€whether€[the€crime]€is€significant€enough,€inÏand€of€itself,€to€warrant€independent€prosecution€and€is,€therefore,€sufficient€toÏsupport€such€a€conviction.ðð€€Id.€at€306€(emphasis€added).€Ìà àOur€Supreme€Court€further€stated€that€this€question€could€be€resolved€byÏinquiring€into€whether€the€incidental€crime€ð ðððsubstantially€increased€[the]€risk€of€harmÏover€and€above€that€necessarily€present€in€the€[principal€crime]€itself.ðððð€€Id.€(quotingÏòòState€v.€€Rollinsóó,€605€S.W.2d€828,€830€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1980)).€€However,€ourÏSupreme€Court€never€suggested€that€the€risk€of€harm€factor€was€a€necessaryÏelement€of€the€òòAnthonyóó€essentially€incidental€test.€€œ›Ìà àHere,€the€Appellantððs€rubbing€of€Kððs€penis€was€not€essentially€incidental€to€theÏfellatio.€€There€is€no€evidence€that€indicates€that€the€Appellant€touched€Kððs€penis€withÏthe€sole€purpose€of€facilitating€the€fellatio.€€Instead,€the€evidence€indicates€that€theÏAppellant€first€rubbed€Kððs€penis€and€then€performed€the€fellatio.€€The€unlawful€sexualÍcontact€was€a€separate€and€independent€act€from€the€fellatio,€significant€enough€toÏwarrant€independent€prosecution.€€Ìà àThe€Appellantððs€proposition€also€conflicts€with€this€Courtððs€previous€decisionsÏin€similar€cases.€€òòState€v.€€Peacockóó,€638€S.W.2d€837€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982)Ï(upholding€two€counts€of€aggravated€rape€when€the€appellant€first€forced€his€victim€toÏperform€fellatio€and€then€had€sexual€intercourse€with€her);€òòState€v.€€Andersonóó,€C.C.A.ÏNo.€€22€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Nov.€9,€1990)€(upholding€two€counts€ofÏaggravated€rape€when€the€appellant€first€penetrated€his€victimððs€vagina€with€hisÏfinger€to€dilate€it€and€then€penetrated€it€with€his€penis);€òòState€v.€€Phillipsóó,€C.C.A.€No.€Ï02C01„9307„CC„00160€(Tenn.€€Crim.€€App.,€Jackson,€Oct.€€26,€1994)€(upholdingÏthree€rape€convictions€when€the€appellant€penetrated€his€victimððs€vagina€with€aÏplastic€object,€performed€cunnilingus,€and€then€had€sexual€intercourse€with€her).Ìà àAppellantððs€reliance€on€òòState€v.€€Bostóó,€C.C.A.€No.€€01C01„9112„CR„00373Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Nashville,€Sept.€€3,€1992),€is€misplaced.€€In€òòBostóó,€this€CourtÏreversed€an€aggravated€sexual€battery€conviction€resulting€from€the€appellantÏfondling€his€victimððs€breasts€when€he€raped€her€by€sexual€intercourse.€€We€reversedÏthat€conviction€because€ð ð[t]he€fondling€occurred€concomitantly€with€the€vaginal€rape,Ïand€the€evidence€here€shows€it€to€have€been€part€and€parcel€of€that€bestial€act.ðð€€òòId.óóÌà àAgain,€the€Appellantððs€rubbing€of€Kððs€penis€was€a€separate€and€independentÏact€from€the€fellatio.€€There€is€no€evidence€that€indicates€that€the€Appellant€onlyÏtouched€Kððs€penis€while€performing€the€fellatio.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌòòÓ  ÓIII.€€SentencingóóÌa.€€The€Excessive€Sentencing€ClaimÌÓ  Óà àThe€Appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€imposing€excessiveÏsentences.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àWhen€an€Appellant€complains€of€his€or€her€sentence,€we€must€conduct€a€òòdeÏnovoóó€review€with€a€presumption€of€correctness.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)Ï(1990).€€The€burden€of€showing€that€the€sentence€is€improper€is€upon€the€appealingÏparty.€€òòId.óó€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.€€This€presumption,€however,€isÏconditioned€upon€an€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€consideredÏthe€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,Ï823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).Ìà àA€portion€of€the€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€codified€at€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€ðð€40„35„210,€requires€a€sentencing€court€to€consider€the€following:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)€The€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€the€sentencingÏhearing;€(2)€[t]he€presentence€report;€(3)€[t]he€principles€of€sentencingÏand€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€[t]he€nature€andÏcharacteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct€involved;€(5)€[the€e]vidence€andÏinformation€offered€by€the€parties€on€the€enhancement€and€mitigatingÏfactors€in€ðððð€40„35„113€and€40„35„114;€and€(6)€[a]ny€statement€theÏdefendant€wishes€to€make€in€his€own€behalf€about€sentencing.ÓÓÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(b)€(Supp.€1995).Ìà àThe€Act€also€provides€that€the€minimum€sentence€within€the€range€is€theÏpresumptive€sentence.€€If€there€are€enhancing€and€mitigating€factors,€the€court€mustÏstart€at€the€minimum€sentence€in€the€range€and€enhance€the€sentence€as€appropriateÏfor€the€enhancement€factors€and€then€reduce€the€sentence€within€the€range€as€isÏappropriate€for€the€mitigating€factors.€€òòId.óó€€ðð€40„35„210(c),(d),(e).€Ìà àð ðThe€sentencing€commission€specifically€did€not€designate€any€particularÏnumeric€value€for€the€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors€.€.€.€[because€it€would]Ïremove€the€judicial€discretion€necessary€to€make€individualized€sentencingÏdeterminations.ðð€€Id.€Sentencing€Commission€Comments;€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€€Shropshireóó,Ï874€S.W.2d€634,€642€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€The€weight€afforded€to€anyÏenhancing€or€mitigating€factor€is€within€the€trial€judgeððs€sole€discretion€as€long€as€itÏdoes€not€violate€the€Sentencing€Reform€Act€and€is€supported€by€the€record.€ÏòòShropshireóó,€874€S.W.2d€at€642.Ìà àHere,€the€trial€judge€specifically€applied€the€enhancement€factor€ð ðabuse€ofÏpublic€or€private€trust.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(15)€(Supp.€1995).€€The€recordÏreveals€that€the€trial€judge€also€considered€the€number€of€offenses€committed,€theÏperiod€of€time€over€which€these€offenses€were€committed,€and€that€the€AppellantÏposed€a€danger€to€other€children€due€to€his€diagnosed€pedophilia.€€The€AppellantÏcontends€that€the€sentences€were€excessive€because€the€trial€court€failed€to€applyÍthree€mitigating€factors€that€would€have€reduced€the€sentences.€€These€factors€were:Ï(1)€that€the€Appellantððs€conduct€neither€caused€nor€threatened€serious€bodily€injury;Ï(2)€that€the€Appellant€was€suffering€from€a€mental€or€physical€condition€thatÏsignificantly€reduced€his€culpability€for€the€offense;€and€(3)€that€the€Appellant€has€noÏprior€criminal€record.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113€(1990).Ìà àFirst,€we€concede€that€no€serious€bodily€injury€resulted€from€the€AppellantððsÏcriminal€conduct.€€However,€considering€the€psychological€trauma€sustained€by€theÏvictim€in€this€case,€the€trial€court€was€justified€in€failing€to€give€much€weight€to€thisÏmitigating€factor.€€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€€Carpenteróó,€C.C.A.€€No.€€03C01„9108„CR„00268Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Jan.€€23,€1992).€€Second,€the€trial€judge€considered€theÏAppellantððs€mental€and€physical€condition,€but€came€to€the€conclusion€that€it€was€notÏan€appropriate€mitigating€factor.€€The€trial€judge€found€that€even€though€the€AppellantÏwas€diagnosed€with€pedophilia€and€an€adjustment€disorder,€he€had€a€functioningÏintellect€and€could€distinguish€between€right€and€wrong€and€€he€simply€chose€ð ðto€actÏon€his€impulses€and€gratify€himself€with€a€child.ðð€€Finally,€as€to€the€AppellantððsÏcontention€that€the€trial€judge€failed€to€consider€that€he€did€not€have€a€prior€criminalÏrecord€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„113(13),€the€trial€judge€correctlyÏdid€not€consider€this€as€a€mitigating€factor€due€to€the€Appellantððs€extensive€criminalÏactivity€in€this€case.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€€Scalesóó,€C.C.A.€No.€€01C01„9310„CR„00353€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.,€Nashville,€July€28,€1994).€€We€find€no€abuse€of€the€trial€courtððs€discretion.ÌÓ  Ób.€€The€Consecutive€Sentencing€Claim€ÌÓ  Óà àFinally,€the€Appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€imposing€partialÏconsecutive€sentences.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àA€defendant€convicted€of€more€than€one€criminal€offense€may€be€givenÏconsecutive€sentences€if€the€trial€court€finds€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that:ÌÓÓà8 àThe€defendant€is€convicted€of€two€or€more€statutory€offenses€involvingÏsexual€abuse€of€a€minor€with€consideration€of€the€aggravatingÏcircumstances€arising€from€the€relationship€between€the€defendant€andÏthe€victim€.€.€.,€the€time€span€of€defendantððs€undetected€sexual€activity,Ïthe€nature€and€scope€of€the€sexual€acts€and€the€extent€of€the€residual,Ïphysical€and€mental€damage€to€the€victim€.€.€.€.€ÌÌÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(5)€(1990).€€Moreover,€a€consecutive€sentence€isÏappropriate€if€the€trial€court€finds€that€it€is€necessary€to€protect€the€public€from€furtherÏcriminal€conduct€from€the€defendant.€€òòGray€v.€Stateóó,€538€S.W.2d€391,€393€(Tenn.Ï1976);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€739€S.W.2d€227€(Tenn.€1987)€(adding€the€child€sexÏoffender€element€to€the€òòGrayóó€formula).Ìà àHere,€the€Appellant€was€convicted€of€eighteen€statutory€offenses€involving€theÏsexual€abuse€of€a€minor.€€The€Appellant,€when€Mr.€B€was€at€work,€was€placed€in€aÏposition€of€trust€as€to€young€K€and€took€advantage€of€the€childððs€vulnerability.€€TheÏAppellant€sexually€abused€K€two€to€three€times€a€week€for€approximately€five€months.€ÏThe€Appellant€masturbated,€fellated,€sodomized,€and€performed€anilingus€on€K.€€As€aÏresult€of€these€heinous€crimes,€K€has€been€in€therapy€for€over€two€years€with€a€socialÍworker€and€is€about€to€enroll€in€€therapy€with€a€psychiatrist€to€help€him€cope€with€trustÏand€regular€heterosexual€relationships.€€Moreover,€Dr.€Royeka€Farooque€testified€atÏthe€sentencing€hearing€that€the€Appellant€is€dangerous€to€children€because€heÏsuffers€from€pedophilia,€and€because€of€this€syndrome€he€is€attracted€to€children€forÏsexual€gratification.€€We€find€no€error€with€regard€to€the€consecutive€sentencesÏimposed€by€the€trial€court.€Ìà àAccordingly,€all€the€Appellantððs€convictions€and€sentences€are€affirmed.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à__________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌCONCUR€BY:ÌÌÌÌœòò(See€separate€dissenting€opinion)óó›ÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌœòò(See€Separate€Concurring€Opinion)óó›ÌDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JUDGE