WPC! UBV %U.nX 0P4 4  0 0D, w@p 0J 0T 0^N 0h 0r 0| 0 0 1u 0d U 6B)-DCV B AM%T(y|  D391v~j 0@v( AOJ 0D! D/T! B!<6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%2A`ArialTT3|X <6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXx6X@JQX@%2A`ArialTTt10cpiXXX2PQXP(($D  ԡ (D(3$ !D      0  (#$  0   U  E  D  P E U Ӏ2 0Indent123  2" 0Indent20 23  2, 0Indent30 0 23  26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23   ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` XH <  9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d""""7Border 1dd d-#C << G  !  #d#! D       YYY FILEDXJuly23,1997CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerk   J !#d#! D     $       !Anotheravenueforaddressingtheconsentissuewithrespecttochildrenundertheageofthirteenistomakethedefenseofconsentunavailablewheretheoffenseinvolvessuchminors.See,e.g.,Statev.Jones,889S.W.2d225,227(Tenn.Crim.App.1994)( consentisneveradefensetoasexoffensewhenthevictimislessthanthirteenyearsofage.) o !#d#! D     $       !Iwouldfurtheradopt,ifnecessary,aconclusivepresumptionthatparentscannotconsentonbehalfoftheirchildrento,forinstance,sexualintercourse.  !#d#! D     $       ! Statutoryrapeissexualpenetrationofavictimbythedefendantorofthedefendantbythevictimwhenthevictimisatleastthirteen(13)butlessthaneighteen(18)yearsofageandthedefendantisatleastfour(4)yearsolderthanthevictim.T.C.A.3913506(a)(Supp.1996).$$$$'dxd / !#d#! D     $       !Victimsofstatutoryrapemustbeatleastthirteen.T.C.A.3913506(a)(Supp.1996).PtPtHH(FG(HH(d'h("$    Styl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Geneva   h HD: Geneva  h HD: Geneva -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd ! . ! D    `   7r*XXdd7  \RA'\  R%&#A1-j|` , `@R   INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE@ ATNASHVILLE  @ JUNE1996SESSION STATEOFTENNESSEE,   )       )  C.C.A.NO.01C019509CR00317   Appellee, 򀀀  )      ) DAVIDSONCOUNTY VS.      )      ) HON.WALTERC.KURTZ,WILLIAMHENRYBARNEY,  ) JUDGE      )  Appellant.    ) (RapeofaChild,Aggravated      )  SexualBattery,andSentencing)   @ DISSENT   Irespectfullydisagreewiththemajoritysholdingthatthecountsoftheindictmentallegingrapeofachildareconstitutionallyadequate.Theindictmentdoesnotmeetconstitutionalmusterbecauseitfailstoallegethedefendantsmensrea,anessentialelementofthecrime.Theauthoroftheleadopinionstates, Upononlyacursoryreadingoftheindictment,anypersonofnormalintelligencewouldrealizethattheonlysoundimplicationofthefactualallegationsisthattheseactswereatleastreckless,ifnotknowingorintentional.Icontendthattheonlysoundimplicationofthefactualallegationsisthattheseactswereperpetratedwithoutthevictimsconsentandthattheysaynothingaboutthedefendantsmensrea.  Tobegin,IremindmybrethrenontheCourtthatoneofthestatedobjectivesofourcriminalcodeisto Givefairwarningofwhatconductisprohibited,andguidetheexerciseofofficialdiscretioninlawenforcement,bydefiningtheactandtheculpablementalstatewhichtogetherconstituteanoffense.T.C.A.3911101(2)(1991Repl.)(emphasisadded).SeealsoT.C.A.3911301(b)(1991Repl.)( Aculpablementalstateisrequiredwithinthistitleunlessthedefinitionofanoffenseplainlydispenseswithamentalelement.)Theactwhichisprohibitedbytherapeofachildstatuteisunlawfulsexualpenetration.T.C.A.3913522(a)(Supp.1996).Theculpablementalstatewhichmusthavebeenpossessedbythedefendantatthetimehecommittedtheunlawfulsexualpenetrationisintent,knowledgeorrecklessness.T.C.A.3911301(c)(1991Repl).Thus,thefactualallegationswhichmustbesetforthinanindictmentchargingrapeofachildarethatthedefendantcommittedunlawfulsexualpenetrationwithintent,knowledgeorrecklessness.  Asnotedbythemajority,theterm sexualpenetrationislegislativelydefinedasincluding any...intrusion,howeverslight,ofanypartofapersonsbodyorofanyobjectintothegenitaloranalopeningsofthevictims,thedefendants,oranyotherpersonsbody...T.C.A.3913501(7)(1991Repl).Unliketheterm sexualcontact,T.C.A.3913501(6),thedefinitionofsexualpenetrationcontainsnorequirementthattheintrusionbeintentional.Nordoesitrequirethatthepenetrationbeforthepurposeofsexualarousalorgratificationasdoesthedefinitionofsexualcontact.Id.Thus,asfurthernotedbythemajority,thedefinitionofsexualpenetrationdoesnotincludeanydescriptionofthenecessarymensrea.Indeed,onepanelofthisCourthaspreviouslyheld, areferencetosexualpenetration,asstatutorilydefined,doesnotimplythemensrea.Statev.MiltonS.Jones,Jr,No.02C019503CR00061,ShelbyCounty(Tenn.Crim.App.filedMar.7,1997,atJackson).Rather,thedefinitionofsexualpenetrationisaimedatdescribingparticularacts,andisbroadenoughtoincludecompletelyaccidentalandtotallyinnocentintrusions:forinstance,amotherbathingherinfantmayfindoneofherfingersaccidentallyintrudingintothebabysanalopeningassheliftshimfromthebathwater.Suchanintrusion, howeverslight,wouldmeetthestatutorydefinitionofsexualpenetration.Thedefinitionalsoincludesintentionalintrusionsthatareclearlylawful.Forexample,anursetakingachildstemperaturerectallywouldsatisfythestatutorydefinitionofsexualpenetration.Whilethereisnoquestionthatourlegislaturedidnotintendtheseactstoconstituterapeofachild,theplainmeaningofthedefiningstatutedoesencompassthemwithintherubricof sexualpenetration.  How,then,arewetodistinguishbetweeninnocentandcriminalactsofsexualpenetration?Thechildrapestatuteproscribes unlawfulsexualpenetration.T.C.A.3913522(a)(Supp.1996).Clearly,then,ourlegislatureintendedthiswordtodifferentiatebetweenchildmolestationand,forinstance,legitimatemedicaltreatment.Thedifferentiationisnotbased,however,onthedefendantsmentalstate:asseenintheexamplesabove,sexualpenetrationcanoccurintentionally,knowinglyorrecklesslyandstillbeperfectlyinnocent.Thus,construingtheterm unlawfultoimplytherequisitestateofmindheldbythedefendantdoesnothingtodistinguishinnocentfromcriminalactivity.  Isuggesttheterm unlawfulshouldbeconstruedtomean withoutconsent.Cf.Statev.Jones,889S.W.2d225,227(Tenn.Crim.App.1994)( thetermunlawfulmaygenerallyrefertononconsensualacts).Thatis,thecrimeofrapeofachildiscommittedwhenthedefendant,actingintentionally,knowinglyorrecklessly,sexuallypenetratesthechildwithoutconsent.Thismeaningwoulddifferentiatebetweeninnocentandunlawfulactivity.Becausechildrenundertheageofthirteenshouldbeconclusivelypresumedincapableofgivingconsenttoanysexualactivity,theactionsofadefendantengaginginsexualintercoursewithachildwouldclearlybeunlawful. '   ׀Inthetemperaturetakingscenario,however,theactivitywouldnotbeunlawfulbecausethechildsparentwouldhaveconsentedtotheinnocentpenetrationonbehalfofthechild. (   ׀Thisinterpretationoftheword unlawfulisbolsteredbyanexaminationofthecrimeofstatutoryrape:theword unlawfulisnotused. )   ׀Isuggestthatitisnotusedbecausestatutoryrapeiscommittedwiththechildsconsent. +   ׀Thus,theissueofconsentbutnotthedefendantsmensrea󀄄isremovedfromtheelementsofthecrimebydeletionoftheterm unlawful.  Thus,theterm unlawfulisinsufficienttoimplythedefendantsmensrea.Rather,itdescribesthevictimsstateofmind:unwillingorincapableofconsenting.And,assetforthabove,theterm sexualpenetrationisalsoinsufficienttoimplythedefendantsmensrea.Accordingly,thechargeof unlawfulsexualpenetrationissufficientonlytoallegeanonconsensualintrusionbythedefendantintothevictimsgenitaloranalopenings(orviceversa).Itisnotsufficienttoallegethattheintrusionwasmadeintentionally,knowingly,orrecklessly.Therefore,theonlysoundimplicationofthefactualallegationsintheindictmentsubjudiceisthattheseactswereperformedwithoutthevictimsconsent.Acursoryorevenathoroughreadingoftheindictmentimpliesnothingaboutthedefendantsstateofmindatthetimehecommittedtheacts.Becausethedefendantsmensreaisanessentia%  lelementoftheoffenseofrapeofachild,itmustbeallegedintheindictment.Ithasnotbeenallegedintheindictmentsubjudice.Accordingly,Iwouldholdtheindictmentintheinstantcaseconstitutionallyinadequateinsofarasitattemptstochargethedefendantwithrapeofachild.  Inallotherrespects,Iconcurwiththemajoritysopinion.           ____________________________________      JOHNH.PEAY,Judge