ÿWPCa# …# VUNa %¯ 0µµ4j ~  0ù• 0DŽ w@Ò 0J 0T\ 0^° 0h 0rv 0|è 0†d 0ê 1uz 0dï BSU>pU*®B)ØDC AMD D3‘¥ÄØi 0@Aêv~kvÓé AO¼!Æ " 0DÑ" D/# BD#˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(Ðü$¡¡Ñ°ÑÑ€°ÑÒ€°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÌ·‚^!ppppdp3|xg (©(3¯‹$¤¤Ý ƒÐü!ÝѰÑÑ€°ÑÒ€°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÌÝ  Ýà Ø àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Q R S T U DV W  X Y Ó€e 2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d''''7Border 1dd€-(Cþÿ << Gÿÿ$$$$'ÿÿdxd ›Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÌÝ  ÝÔ€&ÔÔ€&ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€&XÔÌÌò òMarchÏ25,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€&ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó ÎÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÌÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€%ôÔÔ€&ÔAt€the€time,€appellant€was€a€state€trooper€with€the€Tennessee€Highway€Patrol.€€He€wasÏsubsequently€discharged€from€that€employment.€€Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò àÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÌÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€%ôÔÔ€&ÔHe€testified€that€if€that€amount€had€been€consumed€all€in€one€setting€it€would€result€in€aÏmaximum€blood€level€of€.40%.€€He€also€stated€that€appellantððs€blood€level€at€1:00€a.m.€was€probably€.27%Ïand€the€missing€alcohol€could€ð ðvery€easilyðð€get€a€person€to€this€level.€€Moreover,€the€agent€stated€that€atÏa€.26%€level,€it€would€take€approximately€ten€hours€to€dissipate€the€blood€alcohol€level€below€.10%.€ÏFinally,€the€agent€qualified€his€testimony€by€stating€that€the€calculations,€as€well€as€a€personððs€bloodÏalcohol€level,€are€dependent€upon€numerous€individual€characteristics€and€other€quantitative€factorsÏwhich€were€unknown€in€the€present€case.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÌÝ  ÝÑ7€¶%XXdìdì7ÑÑ  ÑÔ€&ÔÓ ` °œXÓÑ  ÑÙ€€ÙßR€)+(A1-j|` , `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóóÌÌà@ àòòAT€KNOXVILLEóóÌÌà@ àSEPTEMBER€1996€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àœà à›à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àœà à)›à àNo.€03C01„9604„CC„00158Ìà àAppelleeà àœà à›à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àœà à›à à)à àBRADLEY€COUNTYÌvs.à àà àà àà àœà à›à à)Ìà àà àà àà àœà à›à à)à àHon.€R.€Steven€œBebb,€JudgeÌLOWELL€B.€BENNINGTON,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à(D.U.I.)Ìà àAppellantà àà àà àà à)ÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌKenneth€L.€Millerà àà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌLogan,€Thompson,€Miller,à àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌBilbo,€Thompson€&€Fisherà àÌPost€Office€Box€191à àà àà àà àRobin€L.€HarrisÌCleveland,€TN€€37364„0191à àà àà àAssistant€AttorneyÏGeneralà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJerry€N.€EstesÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àRebble€JohnsonÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPost€Office€Box€1351Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCleveland,€TN€€37364„1351ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌWilliam€M.€BarkerÇÓÓÓ Ð Óà@ àò òOPINIONó óÌThe€appellant,€Lowell€B.€Bennington,€appeals€as€of€right€his€conviction€ofÏdriving€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant€following€a€bench€trial€in€the€BradleyÏCounty€Criminal€Court.€€The€only€issue€raised€on€appeal€is€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence€supporting€the€trial€courtððs€verdict.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€weÏfind€the€evidence€sufficient€and€affirm€the€conviction€and€sentence€of€the€trial€court.ÌAt€12:06€a.m.€on€May€30,€1995,€Sergeant€Teresa€Coultry€of€the€BradleyÏCounty€Sheriffððs€office€responded€to€a€call€by€occupants€of€a€private€residence€thatÏan€unidentified€automobile€was€parked€in€the€driveway€of€the€residence.€€Upon€herÏarrival,€Sergeant€Coultry€found€the€appellant€passed€out€in€his€car€with€the€motorÏrunning€and€the€parking€lights€on.× ƒ, ××  ×€€Upon€inspection€of€the€interior€of€the€vehicle,ÏSergeant€Coultry€discovered€numerous€alcoholic€beverages.€€She€testified€that€sheÏfound€one€liter€bottle€of€100€proof€schnapps€with€two€cupfuls€remaining,€a€750Ïmilliliter€bottle€of€48€proof€cinnamon€schnapps€with€one€and€a€half€cupfuls€remaining,Ïan€empty€12€ounce€beer€bottle,€and€four€unopened€beer€cans.€€A€plastic€cup,Ïcontaining€approximately€one€inch€of€cinnamon€schnapps,€was€also€located€betweenÏthe€front€two€seats.€€The€appellant€was€arrested€and€charged€with€D.U.I.€€A€bloodÏalcohol€test€was€subsequently€performed€at€1:35€a.m.,€an€hour€and€a€half€afterÍappellantððs€being›€discovered€behind€the€wheel.€€At€that€time€the€appellantððs€bloodÏalcohol€level€was€.26%.€€Based€upon€the€alcohol€missing€from€the€bottles,€a€T.B.I.Ïagent€employed€in€the€Forensic€Service€Division€opined€that€the€appellant€hadÏconsumed€the€equivalent€of€twenty„four€to€twenty„five€drinks.× ƒ. ××  ×€€œÌIn›€his€defense,€the€appellant€testified€in€his€own€behalf€and€also€introducedÏthe€testimony€of€several€witnesses.€€Mike€Phillips,€who€resided€in€the€appellantððsÏapartment€complex,€testified€that€he€was€with€the€appellant€from€approximately€4:00Ïp.m.€or€5:00€p.m.€until€approximately€10:30€p.m.€on€the€evening€of€May€29,€1995.€€AtÏapproximately€10:30€œp.m.,›€the€appellant€left€to€go€to€a€party€which€was€hosted€by€aÏBradley€County€Deputy€Sheriff.€€During€œtheir›€œtime€together,›€Phillips€testified€that€heÏand€the€appellant€each€drank€one€beer€and€one€small€shot€of€œvodka,›€œeach›€less€thanÏone€ounce.€€He€said€they€consumed€no€other€alcohol.€€When€questioned€aboutÏappellantððs€physical€condition€and€demeanor,€Phillips€stated€that€the€appellant€didÏnot€appear€to€be€intoxicated€when€he€left€to€attend€the€œparty,›€that€he€would€haveÍridden€in€an€automobile€with€the€appellant,€and€that€the€appellant€did€not€appearÏimpaired€when€he€departed€for€the€party.€€ÌPrior€to€leaving€the€apartment€complex,€the€appellant€testified€that€he€calledÏthe€deputyððs€house€to€obtain€directions€from€the€host€of€the€party,€as€he€had€neverÏbeen€to€the€home€before.€€Jason€Whitamore,€a€Chattanooga€police€officer,€wasÏpresent€at€the€party€and€talked€with€the€appellant€by€phone.€€The€appellant€testifiedÏthat€he€wrote€down€the€directions€that€Whitamore€relayed€to€him.€€ÌThe€appellant€testified€that€sometime€prior€to€11:00€œp.m.›€he€lost€his€way€andÏmade€several€phone€calls€from€his€vehicle€in€an€attempt€to€find€the€party.€€WhitamoreÏand€two€other€law€enforcement€officials€testified€that€they€each€spoke€with€theÏappellant€by€phone€during€his€search€for€the€party.€€Each€testified€that€nothing€aboutÏappellantððs€speech€indicated€that€he€was€intoxicated.€€ÌThe€appellant€testified€that€around€11:00€œp.m.›€he€pulled€off€the€publicÏœroadway€into›€a€private€driveway€to€wait€for€a€friend€to€pick€him€up.€€Appellant€testifiedÏthat€he€was€not€intoxicated€when€he€pulled€into€the€driveway,€although€he€admittedÏthat€he€had€already€consumed€one€beer,€one€shot€of€vodka,€and€a€few€sips€ofÏcinnamon€schnapps€that€evening.€€While€sitting€in€his€car€in€a€strangerððs€driveway,Ïthe€appellant€testified€that€he€drank€from€two€bottles€of€peach€and€cinnamonÏschnapps.€€At€some€point,€he€passed€out.€€ÌAt€the€conclusion€of€the€evidence€presented€in€this€bench€trial,€the€trial€courtÏfound€the€appellant€guilty€of€driving€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant.€€The€trialÏcourt€specifically€found€that€the€appellant€was€intoxicated€at€the€time€he€drove€intoÏthe€private€driveway.€€Appellant€received€the€minimum€sentence€for€this€offense.€€ÌIn€order€to€sustain€a€conviction€for€œD.U.I.,›€the€State€was€required€to€proveÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€drove€or€was€in€physical€control€of€aÏmotor€vehicle€on€a€public€road€or€any€premises€generally€frequented€by€the€public€atÏlarge€while€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð55„10„401(a)(1)€(Supp.€1996).€€The€appellant€argues€that€the€State€failed€to€carry€its€burdenÏbecause€the€only€evidence€before€the€court€was€that€he€was€unimpaired€whileÏoperating€his€motor€vehicle€upon€a€public€œroadway›€œand›€became€œintoxicated€only›€afterÏentering€a€private€driveway.€€He€contends€that€the€circumstantial€evidence€of€guilt€didÏnot€exclude€every€other€reasonable€hypothesis€other€than€guilt,€and€that€it€thereforeÏwas€insufficient€to€support€his€conviction.€€We€disagree.€€ÌAn€appellant€challenging€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€has€the€burden€ofÏillustrating€to€this€Court€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returnedÏby€the€trier€of€fact€in€his€or€her€case.€€This€Court€will€not€disturb€a€verdict€of€guilt€forÏlack€of€sufficient€evidence€unless€the€facts€contained€in€the€record€and€anyÏinferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€facts€are€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€for€aÏrational€trier€of€facts€to€find€the€defendant€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.ÍTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€In€our€review€we€must€consider€theÏevidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution€in€determining€whether€ð ðanyÏrational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€offense€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€61€L.€Ed.Ï2d€560€(1979).€€We€do€not€reweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence€and€are€required€toÏafford€the€State€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€proof€contained€in€the€record,€asÏwell€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€ÏòòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€ÌAlthough€there€may€be€no€direct€evidence€proving€a€defendant€hasÏcommitted€a€crime,€criminal€conduct€may€be€established€by€circumstantial€evidenceÏalone.€€òòState€v.€Tharpeóó,€726€S.W.2d€896.€899„900€(Tenn.€1987).€€The€circumstantialÏevidence,€however,€ð ðmust€be€so€strong€and€cogent€as€to€exclude€every€otherÏòòreasonableóó€hypothesis€save€the€guilt€of€the€defendant.ðð€€òòState€v.€Crawfordóó,€470ÏS.W.2d€610,€612€(Tenn.€1971)€(emphasis€added).€€We€must€remember€that€the€trierÏof€fact€decides€the€weight€to€be€given€to€circumstantial€evidence€and€that€theÏinferences€to€be€drawn€from€such€evidence,€and€the€extent€to€which€theÏcircumstances€are€consistent€with€guilt€and€inconsistent€with€œinnocence,›€areÏquestions€primarily€for€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòSeeóó€òòMarable€v.€Stateóó,€313€S.W.2d€451,€457Ï(Tenn.€1958);€òòState€v.€Couryóó,€697€S.W.2d€373,€377€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1985);€òòPruitt€v.ÏStateóó,€460€S.W.2d€385,€391€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1970).€€ÌThe€appellant€admits€that€he€was€in€physical€control€of€his€vehicle€and€wasÏintoxicated€at€the€time€of€his€arrest.€€However,€when€appellant€was€arrested,€he€wasÏparked€in€a€private€driveway.€€Therefore,€in€order€to€carry€its€burden€of€proof,€theÏState€had€to€demonstrate€that€appellant€was€intoxicated€before€he€pulled€into€theÏprivate€œdriveway;›€i.e.,€while€driving€on€a€public€road.€€Our€review€of€the€record€leadsÏus€to€conclude€that€the€trial€court,€the€trier€of€fact,€was€justified€in€concluding€that€theÏState€met€its€burden€by€the€circumstantial€evidence€introduced€at€trial.€€In€his€ruling,Ïthe€trial€judge€remarked:€ð ðI€do€not€believe€that€any€reasonable€person,€much€less€aÏlaw€enforcement€officer,€would€park€in€someoneððs€driveway€and€sit€there€and€startÏdrinking€if€they€were€not€impaired€at€the€time€that€they€started€this€extra€drinking.ðð€€InÏother€words,€the€trial€court€concluded€that€any€other€hypothesis€save€guilt€was€anÏunreasonable€hypothesis.€€That€was€the€prerogative€of€the€trier€of€fact.€€ÌFurthermore,€the€scientific€proof€likewise€demonstrated€theÏunreasonableness€of€appellantððs€theory.€€The€T.B.I.€agent€testified€that,€in€his€opinion,Ïif€appellant€had€consumed€all€the€alcohol€that€was€missing€from€the€liquor€bottlesÏonly€after€he€pulled€into€the€driveway€and€before€the€officers€discovered€him,Ïapproximately€one€hour,€his€blood€alcohol€level€would€likely€have€been€.40%.€€InÏcontrast,€his€blood€alcohol€level€was€determined€to€be€.26%.€€The€reasonableÏinference€obviously€was€that€the€appellant€had€been€drinking€for€more€than€one€hourÏprior€to€his€arrest€and€therefore€was€drinking€while€in€control€of€his€automobile€on€aÍpublic€roadway.€€In€sum,€like€the€trial€court,€we€find€the€evidence€so€strong€andÏcogent€as€to€exclude€any€other€òòreasonableóó€hypothesis€other€than€the€appellantððsÏguilt.€€Although€the€scientific€evidence€at€trial€did€not€make€appellantððs€theoryÏimpossible,€it€did€make€such€defense€unreasonable€and€the€trial€court€did€not€err€inÏfinding€appellant€guilty.€€ÌWe€believe€that€a€ð ðweb€of€guiltðð€has€been€woven€around€the€appellant€fromÏsuch€facts€and€circumstances€the€finder€of€fact€could€draw€no€other€reasonableÏinference€save€the€guilt€of€the€appellant€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.ÏSextonóó,€917€S.W.2d€263,€265€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€ÌThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓÌà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€M.€Barker,€JudgeÌÌÌÌà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àJohn€H.€Peay,€JudgeÌÌÌÌà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àDavid€G.€Hayes,€Judge